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Weng Y, Zhou S, Morillo K, Kaletsky R, Lin S, Murphy CT. The neuron-specific IIS/FOXO transcriptome in aged animals reveals regulatory mechanisms of cognitive aging. eLife 2024; 13:RP95621. [PMID: 38922671 PMCID: PMC11208049 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a significant health concern in our aging society. Here, we used the model organism C. elegans to investigate the impact of the IIS/FOXO pathway on age-related cognitive decline. The daf-2 Insulin/IGF-1 receptor mutant exhibits a significant extension of learning and memory span with age compared to wild-type worms, an effect that is dependent on the DAF-16 transcription factor. To identify possible mechanisms by which aging daf-2 mutants maintain learning and memory with age while wild-type worms lose neuronal function, we carried out neuron-specific transcriptomic analysis in aged animals. We observed downregulation of neuronal genes and upregulation of transcriptional regulation genes in aging wild-type neurons. By contrast, IIS/FOXO pathway mutants exhibit distinct neuronal transcriptomic alterations in response to cognitive aging, including upregulation of stress response genes and downregulation of specific insulin signaling genes. We tested the roles of significantly transcriptionally-changed genes in regulating cognitive functions, identifying novel regulators of learning and memory. In addition to other mechanistic insights, a comparison of the aged vs young daf-2 neuronal transcriptome revealed that a new set of potentially neuroprotective genes is upregulated; instead of simply mimicking a young state, daf-2 may enhance neuronal resilience to accumulation of harm and take a more active approach to combat aging. These findings suggest a potential mechanism for regulating cognitive function with age and offer insights into novel therapeutic targets for age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Weng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Katherine Morillo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Rachel Kaletsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
- Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Sarah Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Coleen T Murphy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
- Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
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Syage AR, Pachow C, Murray KM, Henningfield C, Fernandez K, Du A, Cheng Y, Olivarria G, Kawauchi S, MacGregor GR, Green KN, Lane TE. Cystatin F attenuates neuroinflammation and demyelination following murine coronavirus infection of the central nervous system. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:157. [PMID: 38879499 PMCID: PMC11179388 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystatin F is a secreted lysosomal cysteine protease inhibitor that has been implicated in affecting the severity of demyelination and enhancing remyelination in pre-clinical models of immune-mediated demyelination. How cystatin F impacts neurologic disease severity following viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) has not been well characterized and was the focus of this study. We used cystatin F null-mutant mice (Cst7-/-) with a well-established model of murine coronavirus-induced neurologic disease to evaluate the contributions of cystatin F in host defense, demyelination and remyelination. METHODS Wildtype controls and Cst7-/- mice were intracranially (i.c.) infected with a sublethal dose of the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV), with disease progression and survival monitored daily. Viral plaque assays and qPCR were used to assess viral levels in CNS. Immune cell infiltration into the CNS and immune cell activation were determined by flow cytometry and 10X genomics chromium 3' single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Spinal cord demyelination was determined by luxol fast blue (LFB) and Hematoxylin/Eosin (H&E) staining and axonal damage assessed by immunohistochemical staining for SMI-32. Remyelination was evaluated by electron microscopy (EM) and calculation of g-ratios. RESULTS JHMV-infected Cst7-/- mice were able to control viral replication within the CNS, indicating that cystatin F is not essential for an effective Th1 anti-viral immune response. Infiltration of T cells into the spinal cords of JHMV-infected Cst7-/- mice was increased compared to infected controls, and this correlated with increased axonal damage and demyelination associated with impaired remyelination. Single-cell RNA-seq of CD45 + cells enriched from spinal cords of infected Cst7-/- and control mice revealed enhanced expression of transcripts encoding T cell chemoattractants, Cxcl9 and Cxcl10, combined with elevated expression of interferon-g (Ifng) and perforin (Prf1) transcripts in CD8 + T cells from Cst7-/- mice compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Cystatin F is not required for immune-mediated control of JHMV replication within the CNS. However, JHMV-infected Cst7-/- mice exhibited more severe clinical disease associated with increased demyelination and impaired remyelination. The increase in disease severity was associated with elevated expression of T cell chemoattractant chemokines, concurrent with increased neuroinflammation. These findings support the idea that cystatin F influences expression of proinflammatory gene expression impacting neuroinflammation, T cell activation and/or glia cell responses ultimately impacting neuroinflammation and neurologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber R Syage
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Collin Pachow
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Murray
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Caden Henningfield
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Kellie Fernandez
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Annie Du
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Yuting Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Gema Olivarria
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Shimako Kawauchi
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, ULAR, Office of Research, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Grant R MacGregor
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Kim N Green
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA.
- Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA.
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Lu Y, Dong W, Xue X, Sun J, Yan J, Wei X, Chang L, Zhao L, Luo B, Qiu C, Zhang W. The severity assessment of Parkinson's disease based on plasma inflammatory factors and third ventricle width by transcranial sonography. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14670. [PMID: 38459662 PMCID: PMC10924109 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicting Parkinson's disease (PD) can provide patients with targeted therapies. However, disease severity can be roughly evaluated in clinical practice based on the patient's symptoms and signs. OBJECTIVE The current study attempted to explore the factors linked with PD severity and construct a predictive model. METHOD The PD patients and healthy controls were recruited from our study center while recording their basic demographic information. The serum inflammatory markers levels, such as Cystatin C (Cys C), C-reactive protein (CRP), RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined for all the participants. PD patients were categorized into early and mid-advanced groups based on the Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) scale and evaluated using PD-related scales. LASSO logistic regression analysis (Model C) helped select variables based on clinical scale evaluations, serum inflammatory factor levels, and transcranial sonography measurements. The optimal harmonious model coefficient λ was determined via 10-fold cross-validation. Moreover, Model C was compared with multivariate (Model A) and stepwise (Model B) logistic regression. The area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operator characteristic (ROC), brier score, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) helped determine the discrimination and calibration of the predictive model, followed by configuring a forest plot and column chart. RESULTS The study included 113 healthy individuals and 102 PD patients, with 26 early and 76 mid-advanced patients. Univariate analysis of variance screened out statistically significant differences among inflammatory markers Cys C and RANTES. The average Cys C level in the mid-advanced stage was significantly higher than in the early stage (p < 0.001) but not for RANTES (p = 0.740). The LASSO logistic regression model (λ.1se = 0.061) associated with UPDRS-I, UPDRS-II, UPDRS-III, HAMA, PDQ-39, and Cys C as the included independent variables revealed that the Model C discrimination and calibration (AUC = 0.968, Brier = 0.049) were superior to Model A (AUC = 0.926, Brier = 0.079) and Model B (AUC = 0.929, Brier = 0.071) models. CONCLUSION The study results show multiple factors are linked with PD assessment. Moreover, the inflammatory marker Cys C and transcranial sonography measurement could objectively predict PD symptom severity, helping doctors monitor PD evolution in patients while targeting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- Department of Functional NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wenwen Dong
- Department of Functional NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xingya Xue
- Department of NeurologyNorthwest University First HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Functional NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiuqi Yan
- Department of Functional NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiang Wei
- Department of Functional NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Functional NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Functional NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Bei Luo
- Department of Functional NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chang Qiu
- Department of Functional NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Functional NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Jiang Q, Guo Y, Yang T, Li S, Hou Y, Lin J, Xiao Y, Ou R, Wei Q, Shang H. Cystatin C is associated with poor survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1309568. [PMID: 38249592 PMCID: PMC10796561 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1309568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cystatin C (CysC) levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been found changes, however, the associations between serum CysC levels and the progression and survival of ALS remain largely unknown. Methods A total of 1,086 ALS patients and 1,026 sex-age matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. Serum CysC, other renal function, and metabolic parameters were measured. Correlation analysis and binary logistic regression were used to explore the factors related to serum CysC. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression model were used for survival analysis. Results CysC levels were significantly higher in ALS patients compared to HCs (0.94 vs. 0.85 mg/L, p < 0.001). Compared with ALS patients with lower CysC levels, those with higher CysC levels had an older age of onset, significantly lower ALSFRS-R scores (40.1 vs. 41.3, p < 0.001), a faster disease progression rate (0.75 vs. 0.67, p = 0.011), and lower frontal lobe function scores (15.8 vs. 16.1, p = 0.020). In the correlation analysis, CysC levels were significantly negatively correlated with ALSFRS-R scores (r = -0.16, p < 0.001). Additionally, ALS patients with higher CysC levels had significantly shorter survival time (40.0 vs. 51.8, p < 0.001) compared to patients with lower CysC levels. Higher CysC levels were associated with a higher risk of death in Cox analysis (HR: 1.204, 95% CI: 1.012-1.433). However, when treatment was included in the model, the result was no longer significant. Conclusion CysC levels in ALS patients were higher compared to HCs. Higher CysC levels were associated with greater disease severity, faster progression rate and shorter survival, needing early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Outpatient Department, West China School of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianmi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shirong Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanbing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junyu Lin
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruwei Ou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Stańczykiewicz B, Łuc M, Banach M, Zabłocka A. Cystatins: unravelling the biological implications for neuroprotection. Arch Med Sci 2023; 20:157-166. [PMID: 38414464 PMCID: PMC10895963 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/171706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystatins, a family of proteins known for their inhibitory role against cysteine proteases, have garnered significant attention in the field of neurodegeneration. Numerous genetic, experimental, and clinical studies concerning cystatin C suggest it plays an important role in the course of neurodegenerative diseases. Its beneficial effects are associated with cysteine protease inhibition, impact on β-amyloid aggregation, as well as regulation of cell proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis. Cystatin isolated from chicken egg white, called ovocystatin, has been widely used in medical and pharmaceutical research due to its structural and biological similarities to human cystatin C. This article focuses on the potential use of cystatins, with special emphasis on easily obtained ovocystatin, in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia. The current evidence on cystatin use has shed light on its mechanisms of action and therapeutic implications for neuroprotection and maintenance of cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Stańczykiewicz
- Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Łuc
- Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zabłocka
- Department of Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Higgins Tejera C, Ware EB, Kobayashi LC, Fu M, Hicken M, Zawistowski M, Mukherjee B, Bakulski KM. Decomposing interaction and mediating effects of race/ethnicity and circulating blood levels of cystatin C on cognitive status in the United States health and retirement study. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1052435. [PMID: 37323925 PMCID: PMC10267311 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1052435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Elevated circulating cystatin C is associated with cognitive impairment in non-Hispanic Whites, but its role in racial disparities in dementia is understudied. In a nationally representative sample of older non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic adults in the United States, we use mediation-interaction analysis to understand how racial disparities in the cystatin C physiological pathway may contribute to racial disparities in prevalent dementia. Methods In a pooled cross-sectional sample of the Health and Retirement Study (n = 9,923), we employed Poisson regression to estimate prevalence ratios and to test the relationship between elevated cystatin C (>1.24 vs. ≤1.24 mg/L) and impaired cognition, adjusted for demographics, behavioral risk factors, other biomarkers, and chronic conditions. Self-reported racialized social categories were a proxy measure for exposure to racism. We calculated additive interaction measures and conducted four-way mediation-interaction decomposition analysis to test the moderating effect of race/ethnicity and mediating effect of cystatin C on the racial disparity. Results Overall, elevated cystatin C was associated with dementia (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.5). Among non-Hispanic Black relative to non-Hispanic White participants, the relative excess risk due to interaction was 0.7 (95% CI: -0.1, 2.4), the attributable proportion was 0.1 (95% CI: -0.2, 0.4), and the synergy index was 1.1 (95% CI: 0.8, 1.8) in a fully adjusted model. Elevated cystatin C was estimated to account for 2% (95% CI: -0, 4%) for the racial disparity in prevalent dementia, and the interaction accounted for 8% (95% CI: -5, 22%). Analyses for Hispanic relative to non-white participants suggested moderation by race/ethnicity, but not mediation. Discussion Elevated cystatin C was associated with dementia prevalence. Our mediation-interaction decomposition analysis suggested that the effect of elevated cystatin C on the racial disparity might be moderated by race/ethnicity, which indicates that the racialization process affects not only the distribution of circulating cystatin C across minoritized racial groups, but also the strength of association between the biomarker and dementia prevalence. These results provide evidence that cystatin C is associated with adverse brain health and this effect is larger than expected for individuals racialized as minorities had they been racialized and treated as non-Hispanic White.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Higgins Tejera
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Erin B. Ware
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lindsay C. Kobayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mingzhou Fu
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Margaret Hicken
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Matthew Zawistowski
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kelly M. Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Li K, Xu J, Zhao M, Wu J, Mei Y, Zhou Q, Zhao J, Li Y, Yang M, Xu Q. Serum cystatin C and mild cognitive impairment: The mediating role of glucose homeostasis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1102762. [PMID: 37056689 PMCID: PMC10086181 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1102762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThis study explored the mediating role of glucose homeostasis indicators in the relationship between serum cystatin C and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsThe present study used a cross-sectional design and included 514 participants aged ≥50 years in Beijing, China. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess cognitive function. Serum cystatin C and a comprehensive set of glucose homeostasis indicators were detected, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated albumin percentage (GAP), glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta cell function (HOMA-β). Generalized linear models were used to investigate the associations among cystatin C, glucose homeostasis indicators, and cognitive function. Mediation analysis was conducted to explore potential mediator variables.ResultsIn this study of 514 participants, 76 (14.8%) had MCI. Those with cystatin C levels ≥1.09 mg/L had a 1.98-fold higher risk of MCI than those with levels <1.09 mg/L (95% CI, 1.05–3.69). FBG, GAP, and HbA1c increased the risk of MCI, while HOMA-β decreased the risk. Notably, the associations between MCI risk and cystatin C or glucose homeostasis were only founded in diabetes patients. Serum cystatin C was found to be positively associated with HOMA-β (beta (95% CI): 0.20 [0.06, 0.34]), HOMA-IR (0.23 [0.09, 0.36]), and insulin (0.22 [0.09, 0.34]) levels. Moreover, HOMA-β was identified as playing a negative mediating role (proportion mediated: −16%) in the relationship between cystatin C and MCI.ConclusionElevated levels of cystatin C are associated with an increased risk of MCI. The glucose homeostasis indicator, HOMA-β, plays a negative mediating role in the relationship between cystatin C and MCI risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meiduo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingtao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yayuan Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qun Xu,
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Santos FM, Ciordia S, Mesquita J, Cruz C, Sousa JPCE, Passarinha LA, Tomaz CT, Paradela A. Proteomics profiling of vitreous humor reveals complement and coagulation components, adhesion factors, and neurodegeneration markers as discriminatory biomarkers of vitreoretinal eye diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107295. [PMID: 36875133 PMCID: PMC9978817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in people aged 50 years or older in middle-income and industrialized countries. Anti-VEGF therapies have improved the management of neovascular AMD (nAMD) and proliferative DR (PDR), no treatment options exist for the highly prevalent dry form of AMD. Methods To unravel the biological processes underlying these pathologies and to find new potential biomarkers, a label-free quantitative (LFQ) method was applied to analyze the vitreous proteome in PDR (n=4), AMD (n=4) compared to idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERM) (n=4). Results and discussion Post-hoc tests revealed 96 proteins capable of differentiating among the different groups, whereas 118 proteins were found differentially regulated in PDR compared to ERM and 95 proteins in PDR compared to dry AMD. Pathway analysis indicates that mediators of complement, coagulation cascades and acute phase responses are enriched in PDR vitreous, whilst proteins highly correlated to the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, platelet degranulation, lysosomal degradation, cell adhesion, and central nervous system development were found underexpressed. According to these results, 35 proteins were selected and monitored by MRM (multiple reaction monitoring) in a larger cohort of patients with ERM (n=21), DR/PDR (n=20), AMD (n=11), and retinal detachment (n=13). Of these, 26 proteins could differentiate between these vitreoretinal diseases. Based on Partial least squares discriminant and multivariate exploratory receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, a panel of 15 discriminatory biomarkers was defined, which includes complement and coagulation components (complement C2 and prothrombin), acute-phase mediators (alpha-1-antichymotrypsin), adhesion molecules (e.g., myocilin, galectin-3-binding protein), ECM components (opticin), and neurodegeneration biomarkers (beta-amyloid, amyloid-like protein 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima M. Santos
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Mesquita
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carla Cruz
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Castro e Sousa
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Luís A. Passarinha
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química/Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cândida T. Tomaz
- CICS-UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Alberto Paradela
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Wu X, You J, Chen X, Zhou M, Ma H, Zhang T, Huang C. An overview of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning against ischemic stroke. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:855-872. [PMID: 36729260 PMCID: PMC10106353 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) has become the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the prevention of IS should be given high priority. Recent studies have indicated that hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) may be a protective nonpharmacological method, but its underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. This study comprehensively reviewed the pathophysiology of IS and revealed the underlying mechanism of HBO-PC in protection against IS. The preventive effects of HBO-PC against IS may include inducing antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis capacity; activating autophagy and immune responses; upregulating heat shock proteins, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, and erythropoietin; and exerting protective effects upon the blood-brain barrier. In addition, HBO-PC may be considered a safe and effective method to prevent IS in combination with stem cell therapy. Although the benefits of HBO-PC on IS have been widely observed in recent research, the implementation of this technique is still controversial due to regimen differences. Transferring the results to clinical application needs to be taken carefully, and screening for the optimal regimen would be a daunting task. In addition, whether we should prescribe an individualized preconditioning regimen to each stroke patient needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Wu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiuhong You
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianle Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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10
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Li Z, Du Y. CST3 alleviates bilirubin-induced neurocytes' damage by promoting autophagy. Transl Neurosci 2023; 14:20220314. [PMID: 37854583 PMCID: PMC10579785 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) have toxic effects. The aim of our study was to find a way to elevate UCB tolerance or inhibit its toxicity in neurocytes. It has been reported that cystatin C (CST3) concentrations have a significant positive correlation with total bilirubin (TB) levels and a negative correlation with albumin levels. In addition, CST3 can directly bind UCB, decrease human umbilical vein endothelial cells' permeability, improve blood-brain barrier integrity after ischemic brain injury in mice, and induce autophagy. We hypothesized that CST3 could increase the solubility of UCB, decrease permeability of neurocytes, induce autophagy of neurocytes, and alleviate bilirubin-induced damage. To verify our hypothesis, we measured TB and conjugated bilirubin levels, and the permeability and autophagy of neurocytes treated with UCB and CST3. Our findings suggest that CST3 can protect against UCB-induced damage in neurocytes and that autophagy played an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Li
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yating Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Zhang D, Hao W, Niu Q, Xu D, Duan X. Identification of the co-differentially expressed hub genes involved in the endogenous protective mechanism against ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:21. [PMID: 36085166 PMCID: PMC9461262 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In intensive care units (ICU), mechanical ventilation (MV) is commonly applied to save patients' lives. However, ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD) can complicate treatment by hindering weaning in critically ill patients and worsening outcomes. The goal of this study was to identify potential genes involved in the endogenous protective mechanism against VIDD. METHODS Twelve adult male rabbits were assigned to either an MV group or a control group under the same anesthetic conditions. Immunostaining and quantitative morphometry were used to assess diaphragm atrophy, while RNA-seq was used to investigate molecular differences between the groups. Additionally, core module and hub genes were analyzed using WGCNA, and co-differentially expressed hub genes were subsequently discovered by overlapping the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with the hub genes from WGCNA. The identified genes were validated by western blotting (WB) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS After a VIDD model was successfully built, 1276 DEGs were found between the MV and control groups. The turquoise and yellow modules were identified as the core modules, and Trim63, Fbxo32, Uchl1, Tmprss13, and Cst3 were identified as the five co-differentially expressed hub genes. After the two atrophy-related genes (Trim63 and Fbxo32) were excluded, the levels of the remaining three genes/proteins (Uchl1/UCHL1, Tmprss13/TMPRSS13, and Cst3/CST3) were found to be significantly elevated in the MV group (P < 0.05), suggesting the existence of a potential antiproteasomal, antiapoptotic, and antiautophagic mechanism against diaphragm dysfunction. CONCLUSION The current research helps to reveal a potentially important endogenous protective mechanism that could serve as a novel therapeutic target against VIDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, 110 South Yan'an Road, Luzhou District, Changzhi, 046012, China.
| | - Wenyan Hao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046012, China
| | - Qi Niu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, 110 South Yan'an Road, Luzhou District, Changzhi, 046012, China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, 110 South Yan'an Road, Luzhou District, Changzhi, 046012, China
| | - Xuejiao Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, 110 South Yan'an Road, Luzhou District, Changzhi, 046012, China
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12
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Stanczykiewicz B, Gburek J, Rutkowska M, Lemieszewska M, Gołąb K, Juszczyńska K, Piotrowska A, Trziszka T, Dzięgiel P, Podhorska-Okołów M, Zabłocka A, Rymaszewska J. Ovocystatin Induced Changes in Expression of Alzheimer's Disease Relevant Proteins in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092372. [PMID: 35566501 PMCID: PMC9103311 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovocystatin is marked by structural and biological similarities to human cystatin C, which plays an important role in the course of neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, it has been shown that ovocystatin might prevent aging-related cognitive impairment in rats and reduce memory decline in an APP/PS1 mice model. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of ovocystatin on histopathological changes in APP/PS1 mice. Materials and methods: Ovocystatin was administered intraperitoneally for four weeks (40 μg/mouse) to 35-weeks-old transgenic (AD, n = 14) and wild type (NCAR, n = 15) mice (stock B6C3-Tg(APPswe, PSEN1dE9)85Dbo/Mmjax). A histopathological evaluation comprised antibodies directed against β-amyloid (1:400, SIG-39320-1000, Covance) and Tau (1:4000, AHB0042, Invitrogen). Three regions of the hippocampus— the dentate gyrus (DG) and the cornu ammonis (CA1 and CA3)—were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in each animal. All differences are expressed as percentage relative to the control group. Results: The main results showed that the percentage of immunoreactive area of β-amyloid, tau protein deposits in APP/PS1+ovCYS was decreased in DG, CA1, and CA3 regions compared with the APP/PS1 control, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Ovocystatin caused significant changes in the expression pattern of all investigated proteins in hippocampal tissues both in APP/PS1 and NCAR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Stanczykiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.L.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-784-1600
| | - Jakub Gburek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.G.); (K.G.); (K.J.)
| | - Maria Rutkowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Lemieszewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Krzysztof Gołąb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.G.); (K.G.); (K.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Juszczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.G.); (K.G.); (K.J.)
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Tadeusz Trziszka
- Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.); (P.D.)
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Zabłocka
- Department of Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Rymaszewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.L.); (J.R.)
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13
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Chen X, Huang Y, Bao T, Jia F, Ou R, Wei Q, Chen Y, Liu J, Yang J, Shang H. Changes in Serum Cystatin C Levels and the Associations With Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:790939. [PMID: 35153722 PMCID: PMC8832092 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.790939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Cystatin C is indicated to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive impairment. Our objective is to examine the serum Cystatin C levels, and to clarify the correlations between serum Cystatin C and cognitive performance in Chinese AD patients. Methods The serum Cystatin C concentrations in AD patients and age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) matched-healthy controls were measured. The cognitive functions of the AD patients were evaluated by using the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The severity of dementia was determined with clinical dementia rating (CDR). Results A total of 463 AD patients and 1,389 matched healthy subjects were included. AD patients had higher serum Cystatin C than healthy controls. Serum cystatin C levels were correlated with MoCA scores in AD patients. In an ordinal logistic regression model, AD patients with higher serum cystatin C levels had increased odds of severe cognitive dysfunction. Conclusion Our study suggested that AD patients had higher levels of serum cystatin C than age/sex/BMI-matched normal control subjects. Higher serum cystatin C may be associated with worse cognitive performance, but more studies are required to verify such association.
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14
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Ye F, Wang T, Li H, Liang J, Wu X, Sheng W. Serum Cystatin C as a Potential Predictor of the Severity of Multiple System Atrophy With Predominant Cerebellar Ataxia: A Case-Control Study in Chinese Population. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:663980. [PMID: 34566557 PMCID: PMC8461053 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.663980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a serious neurodegenerative disease that is charactered by progressive neurological disability. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of serum oxidant factors with the severity of MSA. Methods: A total of 52 MSA patients and 52 age- and gender- matched healthy subjects were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Enzymatic colorimetric methods were used to assay the concentrations of uric acid (UA), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and cystatin C (Cys-C). Disease severity was evaluated by the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS). The disease progression rate was defined by the change in UMSARS-IV (global disability score, GDS) over a 1-year period. Results: Comparisons between the two groups revealed that there were no significant differences in terms of serum Scr (70.81 ± 13.88 vs. 70.92 ± 14.19 μmol/L, p = 0.967). However, the serum levels of the other three biomarkers were significantly higher in the MSA patients (UA: 325.31 ± 84.92 vs. 291.19 ± 64.14 μmol/L, p = 0.023; BUN: 5.68 ± 1.67 vs. 4.60 ± 1.24 mmol/L, p < 0.001; Cys-C: 0.96 ± 0.15 vs. 0.89 ± 0.14 mg/L, p = 0.024). In addition, Pearson correlation analyses revealed that only serum Cys-C was significantly correlated to GDS (r = 0.281, p = 0.044). Subgroup analysis further demonstrated that serum Cys-C was the only factor that was positively associated with the disease severity in patients with MSA and predominant cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C) (r = 0.444, p = 0.018); there was no significant association in MSA patients with predominant Parkinsonism (MSA-P) (r = 0.118, p = 0.582). MSA-C patients with severe disability were shown to express higher serum levels of Cys-C than patients with mild disability (1.03 ± 0.13 vs. 0.88 ± 0.12 mg/L, p = 0.009). Finally, Kaplan-Meier plots revealed a significant difference in the 5-year probability of survival from severe disability between MSA-C patients with high- and low-concentrations of serum Cys-C (Log-rank test: X2 = 4.154, p = 0.042). ROC curve analysis confirmed that serum Cys-C exhibits good performance as a biomarker (AUC = 0.847). Conclusion: Our research indicated that oxidative stress plays a vital role in MSA. Serum Cys-C represents a potential prognostic biomarker to evaluate the severity of disease in patients with MSA-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianzhu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Sheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Ding Y, Liu L, Chen Z, Li H, Pan Y, Wang J, Meng X, Lin J, Jing J, Xie X, Xiang X, Wang Y. Serum Cystatin C Predicts Stroke Clinical Outcomes at 1 Year Independent of Renal Function. Front Neurol 2021; 12:676872. [PMID: 34456843 PMCID: PMC8385197 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.676872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Serum cystatin C (CysC) is a sensitive marker of renal function to predict cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the predictive value of CysC for clinical outcomes independent of renal function in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: We measured serum CysC levels in 10,256 AIS patients from Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR-III). The primary outcome was a combination of all-cause mortality and major disability (modified Rankin scale score, 3–6). Secondary outcomes included stroke recurrence and combined vascular events at 1 year. Outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. Results: The median CysC of included patients was 0.95 mg/l (interquartile range, 0.83–1.10 mg/l). A U-shaped association was observed between CysC and primary outcome (all-cause mortality or major disability) [quartile (Q)1 vs. Q2: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.29, 95% CI 1.06–1.58, p = 0.012; Q3 vs. Q2: aOR 1.12, 95% CI 0.93–1.35, p = 0.242; Q4 vs. Q2: aOR 1.35, 95% CI 1.10–1.65, p = 0.004]. A similar trend also existed in “preserved renal function” patients. Adding CysC to a model containing conventional risk factors improved the model performance with integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) of 0.13% (p = 0.016) and net reclassification index (NRI) of 13.10% (p <0.001) for primary outcome. No significant association was observed for stroke recurrence or combined vascular event rate in different CysC quartiles. Conclusions: CysC showed a U-shaped correlation with 1-year stroke clinical outcome, suggesting that serum CysC may not only be a simple candidate marker of renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Ding
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Zimo Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxi Lin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewei Xie
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglong Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
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16
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Wang M, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Chang G, An G, Yang X, Zheng C, Zhao J, Liu Z, Wang D, Miao K, Rao S, Dai M, Wang D, Zhao XY. Deciphering the autophagy regulatory network via single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals a requirement for autophagy homeostasis in spermatogenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5010-5027. [PMID: 33754041 PMCID: PMC7978313 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autophagy has been implicated as a crucial component in spermatogenesis, and autophagy dysfunction can lead to reproductive disorders in animal models, including yeast, C. elegans and mice. However, the sophisticated transcriptional networks of autophagic genes throughout human spermatogenesis and their biological significance remain largely uncharacterized. Methods: We profiled the transcriptional signatures of autophagy-related genes during human spermatogenesis by assessing specimens from nine fertile controls (including two normal persons and seven obstructive azoospermia (OA) patients) and one nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) patient using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis. Dysregulation of autophagy was confirmed in two additional NOA patients by immunofluorescence staining. Gene knockdown was used to identify the role of Cst3 in autophagy during spermatogenesis. Results: Our data uncovered a unique, global stage-specific enrichment of autophagy-related genes. Human-mouse comparison analysis revealed that the stage-specific expression pattern of autophagy-related genes was highly conserved in mammals. More importantly, dysregulation of some clusters of autophagy-related genes was observed in NOA patients, suggesting the association of autophagy with male infertility. Cst3, a human-mouse conserved and autophagy-related gene that is actively expressed in spermatogonia and early spermatocytes, was found to regulate spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) maintenance and subsequent male germ cell development. Knockdown of Cst3 increased autophagic activity in mouse SSCs and subsequently suppressed the transcription of SSC core factors such as Oct4, Id1, and Nanos3, which could be efficiently rescued by manipulating autophagic activity. Conclusions: Our study provides comprehensive insights into the global transcriptional signatures of autophagy-related genes and confirms the importance of autophagy homeostasis in SSC maintenance and normal spermatogenesis, opening new avenues for further dissecting the significance of the autophagy regulatory network in spermatogenesis as well as male infertility.
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17
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Yang L, Xu D, Tan Y, Li B, Zhu D, Wang J, Sun H, Liu X, Zheng X, Zhu L, Li Z. Association Between the Concentration and Rangeability of Cystatin C and Mortality of COVID-19 Patients With or Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:642452. [PMID: 34234738 PMCID: PMC8256889 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.642452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated if the concentration and "rangeability" of cystatin C (CysC) influenced the prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients suffering from, or not suffering from, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A total of 675 T2DM patients and 572 non-T2DM patients were divided into "low" and "high" CysC groups and low and high CysC-rangeability groups according to serum CysC level and range of change of CysC level, respectively. Demographic characteristics, clinical data, and laboratory results of the four groups were analyzed. RESULTS COVID-19 patients with a high level and rangeability of CysC had more organ damage and a higher risk of death compared with those with a low level or low rangeability of CysC. Patients with a higher level and rangeability of CysC had more blood lymphocytes and higher levels of C-reactive protein, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. After adjustment for possible confounders, multivariate analysis revealed that CysC >0.93 mg/dL was significantly associated with the risk of heart failure (OR = 2.231, 95% CI: 1.125-5.312) and all-cause death (2.694, 1.161-6.252). CysC rangeability >0 was significantly associated with all-cause death (OR = 4.217, 95% CI: 1.953-9.106). These associations were stronger in patients suffering from T2DM than in those not suffering from T2DM. CONCLUSIONS The level and rangeability of CysC may influence the prognosis of COVID-19. Special care and appropriate intervention should be undertaken in COVID-19 patients with an increased CysC level during hospitalization and follow-up, especially for those with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dou Xu
- School of Software Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yiqing Tan
- Department of Radiology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bolin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People‘s Hospital Affiliated to JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People‘s Hospital Affiliated to JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Sun
- SenseTime Research, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiaopu Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People‘s Hospital Affiliated to JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongyu Li, ; Ling Zhu,
| | - Zhongyu Li
- School of Software Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongyu Li, ; Ling Zhu,
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18
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Abstract
Abstract
Hen eggs are widely used, not only for human consumption, but also as an important material in food production and in pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry. Cystatin is a biologically active component of egg white, mostly used as an inhibitor of papain-like cysteine proteases. It was isolated from chicken egg white and has later been used in the nomenclature of structurally and functionally related proteins. Cystatins from animals, including mouse, rat, dog, cow and chicken egg white have been isolated and recently used in foodstuffs and drug administration. Cystatin has found its place and use in medicine due to its antimicrobial, antiviral and insecticidal effects, for the prevention of cerebral hemorrhage and control of cancer cell metastasis.
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De Gioia R, Biella F, Citterio G, Rizzo F, Abati E, Nizzardo M, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Corti S. Neural Stem Cell Transplantation for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3103. [PMID: 32354178 PMCID: PMC7247151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are disabling and fatal neurological disorders that currently lack effective treatment. Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been studied as a potential therapeutic approach and appears to exert a beneficial effect against neurodegeneration via different mechanisms, such as the production of neurotrophic factors, decreased neuroinflammation, enhanced neuronal plasticity and cell replacement. Thus, NSC transplantation may represent an effective therapeutic strategy. To exploit NSCs' potential, some of their essential biological characteristics must be thoroughly investigated, including the specific markers for NSC subpopulations, to allow profiling and selection. Another key feature is their secretome, which is responsible for the regulation of intercellular communication, neuroprotection, and immunomodulation. In addition, NSCs must properly migrate into the central nervous system (CNS) and integrate into host neuronal circuits, enhancing neuroplasticity. Understanding and modulating these aspects can allow us to further exploit the therapeutic potential of NSCs. Recent progress in gene editing and cellular engineering techniques has opened up the possibility of modifying NSCs to express select candidate molecules to further enhance their therapeutic effects. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding these aspects, promoting the development of stem cell therapies that could be applied safely and effectively in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta De Gioia
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Biella
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Citterio
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Rizzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Abati
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Nizzardo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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20
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Cui Z, Cao G, Wang Y, Ma Q, Wang C, Xu Y, Sun H, Ma Y. Effects of Cystatin C on Cognitive Impairment in Older Chinese Adults. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2020; 35:1533317520965101. [PMID: 33111545 PMCID: PMC10624069 DOI: 10.1177/1533317520965101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find a suitable dividing value to classify cystatin C and evaluate the association between cognition and levels of cystatin C. METHODS Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, We conducted a longitudinal analysis of a prospective cohort of 6,869 middle-aged and older Chinese without cognitive impairment at baseline. Levels of cystatin C were categorized into 2 groups by method of decision tree. Logistic regression models evaluated whether cystatin C was related to cognitive impairment. RESULTS Respondents were categorized as lower levels of cystatin C and higher levels of cystatin C, cut-point was 1.11 mg/L. Higher levels of cystatin C was associated with the odds of cognitive impairment (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.10-2.22) after multivariable adjustment. Respondents with higher levels of cystatin C had worse cognition scores. CONCLUSIONS We found a suitable dividing value of cystatin C in middle-aged and older Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhen Cui
- Department of Child Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guizhen Cao
- Department of Child Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youyi Wang
- Department of Child Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- The 3rd People’s Hospital of Xiangcheng District, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Congju Wang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Suzhou High-tech Zone, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Child Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongpeng Sun
- Department of Child Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yana Ma
- Department of Child Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Mathews PM, Levy E. Exosome Production Is Key to Neuronal Endosomal Pathway Integrity in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1347. [PMID: 31911768 PMCID: PMC6920185 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the endosomal–lysosomal system is a prominent pathogenic factor in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. We and others have extensively characterized the neuronal endosomal pathway pathology that results from either triplication of the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) gene in Down syndrome (DS) or from expression of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), the greatest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD. More recently brain exosomes, extracellular vesicles that are generated within and released from endosomal compartments, have been shown to be altered in DS and by APOE4 expression. In this review, we discuss the emerging data arguing for an interdependence between exosome production and endosomal pathway integrity in the brain. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that altered trafficking through the endosomal pathway or compromised cargo turnover within lysosomes can affect the production, secretion, and content of exosomes. Conversely, exosome biogenesis can affect the endosomal–lysosomal system. Indeed, we propose that efficient exosome release helps to modulate flux through the neuronal endosomal pathway by decompressing potential “traffic jams.” Exosome secretion may have the added benefit of unburdening the neuron’s lysosomal system by delivering endosomal–lysosomal material into the extracellular space, where other cell types may contribute to the degradation of neuronal debris. Thus, maintaining robust neuronal exosome production may prevent or mitigate endosomal and lysosomal abnormalities linked to aging and neurodegenerative diseases. While the current evidence suggests that the exosomal system in the brain can be modulated both by membrane lipid composition and the expression of key proteins that contribute to the formation and secretion of exosomes, how exosomal pathway-regulatory elements sense and respond to perturbations in the endosomal pathway is not well understood. Based upon findings from the extensively studied DS and APOE4 models, we propose that enhanced neuronal exosome secretion can be a protective response, reducing pathological disruption of the endosomal–lysosomal system in disease-vulnerable neurons. Developing therapeutic approaches that help to maintain or enhance neuronal exosome biogenesis and release may be beneficial in a range of disorders of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Mathews
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Efrat Levy
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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22
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Pérez-González R, Sahoo S, Gauthier SA, Kim Y, Li M, Kumar A, Pawlik M, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Levy E. Neuroprotection mediated by cystatin C-loaded extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11104. [PMID: 31367000 PMCID: PMC6668451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystatin C (CysC) is implicated in neuroprotection and repair in the nervous system in response to diverse neurotoxic conditions. In addition to being secreted from cells in a soluble form, CysC is released by cells in association with extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes. We demonstrate that EVs containing CysC protect cultured cells from starvation-induced death. Moreover, while EVs secreted by CysC-deficient cells were not protective, EVs secreted by CysC-deficient cells treated with exogenous human CysC significantly enhanced the survival of the cells. CysC also plays a role in modulating the secretion of EVs, enhancing secretion of EVs by primary cortical neurons and primary cortical smooth muscle cells. Confirming these in vitro findings, higher EV levels were observed in the brain extracellular space of transgenic mice expressing human CysC as compared to littermate controls. Regulation of cell-secreted EV levels and content in the brain is likely to be essential to maintaining normal brain function. We propose that enhanced EV release could rescue the deleterious effects of dysfunction of the endosomal-lysosomal system in neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, a higher level of CysC-loaded EVs released from cells in the central nervous system has important protective functions, representing a potential therapeutic tool for disorders of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Pérez-González
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | | | - Yohan Kim
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meihua Li
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Asok Kumar
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | | | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Efrat Levy
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- The Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Amin F, Khan MS, Bano B. Mammalian cystatin and protagonists in brain diseases. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:2171-2196. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1620636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fakhra Amin
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bilqees Bano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh MuslimUniversity, Aligarh, India
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24
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Levitin HM, Yuan J, Cheng YL, Ruiz FJ, Bush EC, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Iavarone A, Lasorella A, Blei DM, Sims PA. De novo gene signature identification from single-cell RNA-seq with hierarchical Poisson factorization. Mol Syst Biol 2019; 15:e8557. [PMID: 30796088 PMCID: PMC6386217 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20188557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Common approaches to gene signature discovery in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) depend upon predefined structures like clusters or pseudo-temporal order, require prior normalization, or do not account for the sparsity of single-cell data. We present single-cell hierarchical Poisson factorization (scHPF), a Bayesian factorization method that adapts hierarchical Poisson factorization (Gopalan et al, 2015, Proceedings of the 31st Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 326) for de novo discovery of both continuous and discrete expression patterns from scRNA-seq. scHPF does not require prior normalization and captures statistical properties of single-cell data better than other methods in benchmark datasets. Applied to scRNA-seq of the core and margin of a high-grade glioma, scHPF uncovers marked differences in the abundance of glioma subpopulations across tumor regions and regionally associated expression biases within glioma subpopulations. scHFP revealed an expression signature that was spatially biased toward the glioma-infiltrated margins and associated with inferior survival in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Mendes Levitin
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinzhou Yuan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yim Ling Cheng
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francisco Jr Ruiz
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erin C Bush
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Lasorella
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Blei
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulates cardioprotection and the proliferative activity in the adult zebrafish heart. NPJ Regen Med 2019; 4:2. [PMID: 30701084 PMCID: PMC6345746 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-019-0064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike mammals, adult zebrafish can regenerate their hearts after injury via proliferation of cardiomyocytes. The cell-cycle entry of zebrafish cardiac cells can also be stimulated through preconditioning by thoracotomy, a chest incision without myocardial damage. To identify effector genes of heart preconditioning, we performed transcriptome analysis of ventricles from thoracotomized zebrafish. This intervention led to enrichment of cardioprotective factors, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition genes, matrix proteins and components of LIFR/gp130 signaling. We identified that inhibition of the downstream signal transducer of the LIFR/gp130 pathway through treatment with Ruxolitinib, a specific JAK1/2 antagonist, suppressed the cellular effects of preconditioning. Activation of LIFR/gp130 signaling by a single injection of the ligand Cilliary Neurotrophic Factor, CNTF, was sufficient to trigger cardiomyocyte proliferation in the intact heart. In addition, CNTF induced other pro-regenerative processes, including expression of cardioprotective genes, activation of the epicardium, enhanced intramyocardial Collagen XII deposition and leucocyte recruitment. These effects were abrogated by the concomitant inhibition of the JAK/STAT activity. Mutation of the cntf gene suppressed the proliferative response of cardiomyocytes after thoracotomy. In the regenerating zebrafish heart, CNTF injection prior to ventricular cryoinjury improved the initiation of regeneration via reduced cell apoptosis and boosted cardiomyocyte proliferation. Our findings reveal the molecular effectors of preconditioning and demonstrate that exogenous CNTF exerts beneficial regenerative effects by rendering the heart more resilient to injury and efficient in activation of the proliferative programs.
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26
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Mendes-Pinheiro B, Teixeira FG, Anjo SI, Manadas B, Behie LA, Salgado AJ. Secretome of Undifferentiated Neural Progenitor Cells Induces Histological and Motor Improvements in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:829-838. [PMID: 30238668 PMCID: PMC6216452 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results from the death of dopamine (DA) neurons. Over recent years, differentiated or undifferentiated neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation has been widely used as a means of cell replacement therapy. However, compelling evidence has brought attention to the array of bioactive molecules produced by stem cells, defined as secretome. As described in the literature, other cell populations have a high‐neurotrophic activity, but little is known about NSCs. Moreover, the exploration of the stem cell secretome is only in its initial stages, particularly as applied to neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, we have characterized the secretome of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) through proteomic analysis and investigated its effects in a 6‐hydroxidopamine (6‐OHDA) rat model of PD in comparison with undifferentiated hNPCs transplantation. Results revealed that the injection of hNPCs secretome potentiated the histological recovery of DA neurons when compared to the untreated group 6‐OHDA and those transplanted with cells (hNPCs), thereby supporting the functional motor amelioration of 6‐OHDA PD animals. Additionally, hNPCs secretome proteomic characterization has revealed that these cells have the capacity to secrete a wide range of important molecules with neuroregulatory actions, which are most likely support the effects observed. Overall, we have concluded that the use of hNPCs secretome partially modulate DA neurons cell survival and ameliorate PD animals’ motor deficits, disclosing improved results when compared to cell transplantation approaches, indicating that the secretome itself could represent a route for new therapeutic options for PD regenerative medicine. stem cells translational medicine2018;7:829–838
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Mendes-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fábio G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Anjo
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leo A Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
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27
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Kaur G, Gauthier SA, Perez-Gonzalez R, Pawlik M, Singh AB, Cosby B, Mohan PS, Smiley JF, Levy E. Cystatin C prevents neuronal loss and behavioral deficits via the endosomal pathway in a mouse model of down syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 120:165-173. [PMID: 30176349 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystatin C (CysC) plays diverse protective roles under conditions of neuronal challenge. We investigated whether CysC protects from trisomy-induced pathologies in a mouse model of Down syndrome (DS), the most common cause of developmental cognitive and behavioral impairments in humans. We have previously shown that the segmental trisomy mouse model, Ts[Rb(12.1716)]2Cje (Ts2) has DS-like neuronal and behavioral deficiencies. The current study reveals that transgene-mediated low levels of human CysC overexpression has a preventive effect on numerous neuropathologies in the brains of Ts2 mice, including reducing early and late endosome enlargement in cortical neurons and decreasing loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs). Consistent with these cellular benefits, behavioral dysfunctions were also prevented, including deficits in nesting behavior and spatial memory. We determined that the CysC-induced neuroprotective mechanism involves activation of the phosphotidylinositol kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. Activating this pathway leads to enhanced clearance of accumulated endosomal substrates, protecting cells from DS-mediated dysfunctions in the endosomal system and, for BFCNs, from neurodegeneration. Our findings suggest that modulation of the PI3/AKT pathway offers novel therapeutic interventions for patients with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Monika Pawlik
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA 10962
| | | | | | | | - John F Smiley
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA 10962; Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA 10016
| | - Efrat Levy
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA 10962; Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA 10016; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA 10016; Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA 10016.
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28
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Zhu Y, Yang M, Li F, Li M, Xu Z, Yang F, Liu Y, Chen W, Zhang Y, Xu R. Aberrant Levels of Cystatin C in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: a Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1041-1053. [PMID: 29989057 PMCID: PMC6036727 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.25711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidences suggest that Cystatin C (Cys C) levels might be a biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diagnosis, but the conclusion is still in doubts. We conducted a systematic review and meta analysis of Cys C levels in cerebrospinal cord fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood of patients with ALS in order to further confirm whether or not Cys C levels is a biomarker in ALS diagnosis. The English relevant studies without year limitation were systematically searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science databases. The searched term contained "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis" or "Motor Neuron Diseases" and "Cystatin C" and "Cerebrospinal fluid" or "CSF" or "Biomarker" or "Serum" or "Plasma" or "Blood". Observational studies reporting the associations between Cys C levels and ALS patients were selected to conduct a systematic review and meta analysis. Two reviewers performed the selection of this study independently. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assesses the quality and risk of bias of selected studies. Estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. The Cys C levels of CSF or peripheral blood in ALS patients compared with health controls (HCs) and several relevant neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Sixteen studies were included in our systematic review, 9 of them were selected to perform the meta analysis. Of these, eight studies measured Cys C levels in CSF and three studies measured it in blood. Cys C levels in CSF were significantly lower in ALS patients than in HCs (Hedge's g = -1.398, 95%CI: -2.43 to -0.36; p = 0.008), but there was no statistical difference between ALS patients and several relevant NDDs. No statistically significant difference in the Cys C levels of blood in the comparison between ALS and HCs. The correlation meta analysis presented no significant correlation between Cys C levels in CSF and age or disease duration respectively. Cys C levels significantly decrease in the CSF of ALS patients, but are not a specific biomarker for this disease. Cys C levels in CSF might be an auxiliary diagnostic biomarker of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanchang university, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Neurology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanchang university, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fangjun Li
- Department of Neurology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanchang university, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Menghua Li
- Department of Neurology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanchang university, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Department of Neurology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanchang university, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Neurology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanchang university, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Neurology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanchang university, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenzhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanchang university, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yougen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanchang university, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The first affiliated hospital of Nanchang university, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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Xiong KP, Dai YP, Chen J, Xu JM, Wang Y, Feng P, You SJ, Liu CF. Increased Serum Cystatin C in Early Parkinson's Disease with Objective Sleep Disturbances. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:907-911. [PMID: 29664049 PMCID: PMC5912055 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.229902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sleep disturbance is one of the major non-motor symptoms which cause the disability of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Cystatin C (CysC) is a more sensitive biomarker than serum creatinine or estimated glomerular filtration rate. Previous studies have reported altered CysC levels in neurodegenerative disorders and sleep disorders. This study aimed to explore the correlations of serum CysC levels and objective sleep disturbances in early PD. Methods: We recruited 106 early PD patients and 146 age- and sex-matched controls. All participants underwent clinical investigation and video-polysomnography. Sleep parameters and serum levels of CysC were measured. Then, we investigated the relationships between CysC and clinical variables and objective sleep disturbances in early PD patients. Results: The mean serum level of CysC was significantly higher in patients with early PD (1.03 ± 0.19 mg/L) compared to controls (0.96 ± 0.15 mg/L, P = 0.009). There were significantly positive correlations between serum CysC levels and age (r = 0.334, P < 0.001), gender (r = 0.264, P = 0.013), and creatinine levels (r = 0.302, P = 0.018) in early PD patients. Increased serum CysC levels in early PD patients were significantly associated with higher apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) (r = 0.231, P = 0.017), especially hypopnea index (r = 0.333, P < 0.001). In early PD patients, elevated serum CysC levels were positively correlated with oxygen desaturation index (r = 0.223, P = 0.021), percentage of time spent at oxygen saturation (SaO2) <90% (r = 0.644, P < 0.001), arousal with respiratory event during sleep (r = 0.247, P = 0.013). On the contrary, the elevated serum CysC levels were negatively correlated with mean and minimal SaO2 (r = −0.323, −0.315, both P = 0.001) in PD patients. Conclusions: The level of serum CysC was higher in early PD patients. PD patients with elevated serum CysC levels had more respiratory events and more severe oxygen desaturation. Therefore, the serum CysC levels may predict the severities of sleep-disordered breathing problems in early PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ping Xiong
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Yong-Ping Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Jin-Min Xu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Shou-Jiang You
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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30
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Luo L, Ma J, Li Y, Hu Z, Jiang C, Cai H, Sun C. Cystatin C Induces Insulin Resistance in Hippocampal Neurons and Promotes Cognitive Dysfunction in Rodents. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:543-545. [PMID: 29667002 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jinyu Ma
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and the Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zongkang Hu
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chengfeng Jiang
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hao Cai
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and the Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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31
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Cystatins 9 and C as a Novel Immunotherapy Treatment That Protects against Multidrug-Resistant New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01900-17. [PMID: 29229643 PMCID: PMC5826106 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01900-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pneumonia can induce dysregulated pulmonary and systemic inflammation leading to morbidity and mortality. Antibiotics to treat MDR pathogens do not function to modulate the extent and intensity of inflammation and can have serious side effects. Here we evaluate the efficacy of two human cysteine proteinase inhibitors, cystatin 9 (CST9) and cystatin C (CSTC), as a novel immunotherapeutic treatment to combat MDR New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Our results showed that mice infected intranasally (i.n.) with a 90% lethal dose (LD90) challenge of NDM-1 K. pneumoniae and then treated with the combination of human recombinant CST9 (rCST9) and rCSTC (rCSTs; 50 pg of each i.n. at 1 h postinfection [p.i.] and/or 500 pg of each intraperitoneally [i.p.] at 3 days p.i.) had significantly improved survival compared to that of infected mice alone or infected mice treated with individual rCSTs (P < 0.05). Results showed that both of our optimal rCST treatment regimens modulated pulmonary and systemic proinflammatory cytokine secretion in the serum, lungs, liver, and spleen in infected mice (P < 0.05). Treatment also significantly decreased the bacterial burden (P < 0.05) while preserving lung integrity, with reduced inflammatory cell accumulation compared to that in infected mice. Further, rCST treatment regimens reduced lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis in the lungs of infected mice. Additionally, in vitro studies showed that rCSTs (50 or 500 pg of each) directly decreased the viability of NDM-1 K. pneumoniae. In conclusion, the data showed that rCST9/rCSTC worked synergistically to modulate host inflammation against MDR NDM-1 K. pneumoniae pneumonia, which significantly improved survival. Therefore, rCST9/rCSTC is a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia.
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32
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Watanabe S, Komine O, Endo F, Wakasugi K, Yamanaka K. Intracerebroventricular administration of Cystatin C ameliorates disease in SOD1-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice. J Neurochem 2018; 145:80-89. [PMID: 29282717 PMCID: PMC5947136 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cystatin C (CysC) is a major protein component of Bunina bodies, which are a pathological hallmark observed in the remaining motor neurons of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Dominant mutations in the SOD1 gene, encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), are causative for a subset of inherited ALS cases. Our previous study showed that CysC exerts a neuroprotective effect against mutant SOD1‐mediated toxicity in vitro; however, in vivo evidence of the beneficial effects mediated by CysC remains obscure. Here we examined the therapeutic potential of recombinant human CysC in vivo using a mouse model of ALS in which the ALS‐linked mutated SOD1 gene is expressed (SOD1G93A mice). Intracerebroventricular administration of CysC during the early symptomatic SOD1G93A mice extended their survival times. Administered CysC was predominantly distributed in ventral horn neurons including motor neurons, and induced autophagy through AMP‐activated kinase activation to reduce the amount of insoluble mutant SOD1 species. Moreover, PGC‐1α, a disease modifier of ALS, was restored by CysC through AMP‐activated kinase activation. Finally, the administration of CysC also promoted aggregation of CysC in motor neurons, which is similar to Bunina bodies. Taken together, our findings suggest that CysC represents a promising therapeutic candidate for ALS. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Watanabe
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Aichi, Japan
| | - Okiru Komine
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumito Endo
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Wakasugi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Aichi, Japan
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33
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Benussi L, Binetti G, Ghidoni R. Loss of Neuroprotective Factors in Neurodegenerative Dementias: The End or the Starting Point? Front Neurosci 2017; 11:672. [PMID: 29249935 PMCID: PMC5717017 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical, genetic and biochemical experimental evidences highlight the existence of common molecular pathways underlying neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will explore a key common pathological mechanism, i.e., the loss of neuroprotective factors, across the three major neurodegenerative diseases leading to dementia: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD). We will report evidences that the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), the most investigated and characterized brain neurotrophin, progranulin, a multi-functional adipokine with trophic and growth factor properties, and cystatin C, a neuroprotective growth factor, are reduced in AD, FTD, and LBD. Moreover, we will review the molecular mechanism underlying the loss of neuroprotective factors in neurodegenerative diseases leading to dementia, with a special focus on endo-lysosomal pathway and intercellular communication mediated by extracellular vesicles. Exploring the shared commonality of disease mechanisms is of pivotal importance to identify novel potential therapeutic targets and to develop treatments to delay, slow or block disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,MAC Memory Center, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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34
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Quantitative Proteomics of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Paediatric Pneumococcal Meningitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7042. [PMID: 28765563 PMCID: PMC5539295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for diseases causing major global public health problems, including meningitis, pneumonia and septicaemia. Despite recent advances in antimicrobial therapy, pneumococcal meningitis remains a life-threatening disease. Furthermore, long-term sequelae are a major concern for survivors. Hence, a better understanding of the processes occurring in the central nervous system is crucial to the development of more effective management strategies. We used mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics to identify protein changes in cerebrospinal fluid from children with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, compared with children admitted to hospital with bacterial meningitis symptoms but negative diagnosis. Samples were analysed, by label free proteomics, in two independent cohorts (cohort 1: cases (n = 8) and hospital controls (n = 4); cohort 2: cases (n = 8), hospital controls (n = 8)). Over 200 human proteins were differentially expressed in each cohort, of which 65% were common to both. Proteins involved in the immune response and exosome signalling were significantly enriched in the infected samples. For a subset of proteins derived from the proteome analysis, we corroborated the proteomics data in a third cohort (hospital controls (n = 15), healthy controls (n = 5), cases (n = 20)) by automated quantitative western blotting, with excellent agreement with our proteomics findings. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD004219.
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35
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Cantres-Rosario YM, Acevedo-Mariani FM, Pérez-Laspiur J, Haskins WE, Plaud M, Cantres-Rosario YM, Skolasky R, Méndez-Bermúdez I, Wojna V, Meléndez LM. Microwave & magnetic proteomics of macrophages from patients with HIV-associated cognitive impairment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181779. [PMID: 28746408 PMCID: PMC5528838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV-infected monocytes can infiltrate the blood brain barrier as differentiated macrophages to the central nervous system, becoming the primary source of viral and cellular neurotoxins. The final outcome is HIV-associated cognitive impairment (HACI), which remain prevalent today, possibly due to the longer life-span of the patients treated with combined anti-retroviral therapy. Our main goal was to characterize the proteome of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from HACI patients, and its association with their cognitive status, to find novel targets for therapy. METHODS MDM were isolated from the peripheral blood of 14 HIV-seropositive women characterized for neurocognitive function, including: four normal cognition (NC), five asymptomatic (A), and five with cognitive impaired (CI). Proteins from macrophage lysates were isobaric-labeled with the microwave and magnetic (M2) sample preparation method followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based protein identification and quantification. Differences in protein abundance across groups classified by HACI status were determined using analysis of variance. RESULTS A total of 2,519 proteins were identified with 2 or more peptides and 28 proteins were quantified as differentially expressed. Statistical analysis revealed increased abundance of 17 proteins in patients with HACI (p<0.05), including several enzymes associated to the glucose metabolism. Western blot confirmed increased expression of 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and L-Plastin in A and CI patients over NC and HIV seronegatives. CONCLUSIONS This is the first quantitative proteomics study exploring the changes in protein abundance of macrophages isolated from patients with HACI. Further studies are warranted to determine if these proteins may be target candidates for therapy development against HACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisel M. Cantres-Rosario
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Juliana Pérez-Laspiur
- RCMI Translational Proteomics Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Marines Plaud
- RCMI Translational Proteomics Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Yadira M. Cantres-Rosario
- RCMI Translational Proteomics Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Richard Skolasky
- John Hopkins University, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Israel Méndez-Bermúdez
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Valerie Wojna
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Loyda M. Meléndez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- RCMI Translational Proteomics Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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36
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Zhang Z, Kang SS, Liu X, Ahn EH, Zhang Z, He L, Iuvone PM, Duong DM, Seyfried NT, Benskey MJ, Manfredsson FP, Jin L, Sun YE, Wang JZ, Ye K. Asparagine endopeptidase cleaves α-synuclein and mediates pathologic activities in Parkinson's disease. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:632-642. [PMID: 28671665 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aggregated forms of α-synuclein play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenic effects of α-synuclein are not completely understood. Here we show that asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) cleaves human α-synuclein, triggers its aggregation and escalates its neurotoxicity, thus leading to dopaminergic neuronal loss and motor impairments in a mouse model. AEP is activated and cleaves human α-synuclein at N103 in an age-dependent manner. AEP is highly activated in human brains with PD, and it fragments α-synuclein, which is found aggregated in Lewy bodies. Overexpression of the AEP-cleaved α-synuclein1-103 fragment in the substantia nigra induces both dopaminergic neuronal loss and movement defects in mice. In contrast, inhibition of AEP-mediated cleavage of α-synuclein (wild type and A53T mutant) diminishes α-synuclein's pathologic effects. Together, these findings support AEP's role as a key mediator of α-synuclein-related etiopathological effects in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Seong Su Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - P Michael Iuvone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew J Benskey
- Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, and Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Fredric P Manfredsson
- Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, and Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Lingjing Jin
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji Hospital, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi E Sun
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji Hospital, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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37
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Giri M, Shah A, Upreti B, Rai JC. Unraveling the genes implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:105-114. [PMID: 28781776 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder and it is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Early onset AD is caused by mutations in three genes: Amyloid-β precursor protein, presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and PSEN2. Late onset AD (LOAD) is complex and apolipoprotein E is the only unanimously accepted genetic risk factor for its development. Various genes implicated in AD have been identified using advanced genetic technologies, however, there are many additional genes that remain unidentified. The present review highlights the genetics of early and LOAD and summarizes the genes involved in different signaling pathways. This may provide insight into neurodegenerative disease research and will facilitate the development of effective strategies to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Giri
- National Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Ratopul, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Abhilasha Shah
- National Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Ratopul, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Bibhuti Upreti
- National Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Ratopul, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
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38
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Lee JH, Lee AJ, Dang LH, Pang D, Kisselev S, Krinsky-McHale SJ, Zigman WB, Luchsinger JA, Silverman W, Tycko B, Clark LN, Schupf N. Candidate gene analysis for Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 56:150-158. [PMID: 28554490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) overexpress many genes on chromosome 21 due to trisomy and have high risk of dementia due to the Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. However, there is a wide range of phenotypic differences (e.g., age at onset of AD, amyloid β levels) among adults with DS, suggesting the importance of factors that modify risk within this particularly vulnerable population, including genotypic variability. Previous genetic studies in the general population have identified multiple genes that are associated with AD. This study examined the contribution of polymorphisms in these genes to the risk of AD in adults with DS ranging from 30 to 78 years of age at study entry (N = 320). We used multiple logistic regressions to estimate the likelihood of AD using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, level of intellectual disability and APOE genotype. This study identified multiple SNPs in APP and CST3 that were associated with AD at a gene-wise level empirical p-value of 0.05, with odds ratios in the range of 1.5-2. SNPs in MARK4 were marginally associated with AD. CST3 and MARK4 may contribute to our understanding of potential mechanisms where CST3 may contribute to the amyloid pathway by inhibiting plaque formation, and MARK4 may contribute to the regulation of the transition between stable and dynamic microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Lee
- Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Taub Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Annie J Lee
- Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lam-Ha Dang
- Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah Pang
- Department of Psychology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Sergey Kisselev
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sharon J Krinsky-McHale
- Department of Psychology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Warren B Zigman
- Department of Psychology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - José A Luchsinger
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wayne Silverman
- Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Tycko
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorraine N Clark
- Taub Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Taub Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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39
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Cystatin SN inhibits auranofin-induced cell death by autophagic induction and ROS regulation via glutathione reductase activity in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2682. [PMID: 28300829 PMCID: PMC5386512 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cystatin SN (CST1) is a specific inhibitor belonging to the cystatin superfamily that controls the proteolytic activities of cysteine proteases such as cathepsins. Our previous study showed that high CST1 expression enhances tumor metastasis and invasiveness in colorectal cancer. Recently, auranofin (AF), a gold(I)-containing thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibitor, has been used clinically to treat rheumatoid arthritis. AF is a proteasome-associated deubiquitinase inhibitor and can act as an anti-tumor agent. In this study, we investigated whether CST1 expression induces autophagy and tumor cell survival. We also investigated the therapeutic effects of AF as an anti-tumor agent in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. We found that CRC cells expressing high levels of CST1 undergo increased autophagy and exhibit chemotherapeutic resistance to AF-induced cell death, while those expressing low levels of CST1 are sensitive to AF. We also observed that knockdown of CST1 in high-CST1 CRC cells using CST1-specific small interfering RNAs attenuated autophagic activation and restored AF-induced cell mortality. Conversely, the overexpression of CST1 increased autophagy and viability in cells expressing low levels of CST1. Interestingly, high expression of CST1 attenuates AF-induced cell death by inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as demonstrated by the fact that the blockage of ROS production reversed AF-induced cell death in CRC cells. In addition, upregulation of CST1 expression increased cellular glutathione reductase (GR) activity, reducing the cellular redox state and inducing autophagy in AF-treated CRC cells. These results suggest that high CST1 expression may be involved in autophagic induction and protects from AF-induced cell death by inhibition of ROS generation through the regulation of GR activity.
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Wang R, Chen Z, Fu Y, Wei X, Liao J, Liu X, He B, Xu Y, Zou J, Yang X, Weng R, Tan S, McElroy C, Jin K, Wang Q. Plasma Cystatin C and High-Density Lipoprotein Are Important Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:26. [PMID: 28223934 PMCID: PMC5294921 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Cystatin C (Cys C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) play critical roles in neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). However, whether they can be used as reliable biomarkers to distinguish patients with dementia from healthy subjects and to determine disease severity remain largely unknown. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine plasma Cys C and HDL levels of 88 patients with dementia (43 AD patients, 45 VaD patients) and 45 healthy age-matched controls. The severity of dementia was determined based on the Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale, the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), the Lawton Instrumental ADL (IADL) Scale, and the Hachinski Ischemia Scale (Hachinski). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to determine the diagnostic accuracy of Cys C and HDL levels in distinguishing patients with dementia from healthy subjects. Results: We found that plasma Cys C levels were higher, but HDL levels were lower in AD and VaD patients respectively, compared to healthy control subjects. Yet, Cys C levels were highest among patients with VaD. Interestingly, plasma Cys C levels were significantly correlated with IADL Scale scores. In addition, the ROC curves for Cys C (area under the curve, AUC 0.816 for AD, AUC 0.841 for VaD) and HDL (AUC 0.800 for AD, AUC 0.731 for VaD) exhibited potential diagnostic value in distinguishing AD/VaD patients from healthy subjects. While the ROC curve for the combination of Cys C and HDL (AUC 0.873 for AD, AUC 0.897 for VaD) showed higher diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing AD/VaD patients from healthy subjects than the separate curves for each parameter. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the inflammatory mediators Cys C and HDL may play important roles in the pathogenesis of dementia, and plasma Cys C and HDL levels may be useful screening tools for differentiating AD/VaD patients from healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyu Chen
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Fu
- Departments of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Wei
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinchi Liao
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingjun He
- Departments of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunqi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Departments of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihui Weng
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Tan
- Departments of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Christopher McElroy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Departments of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseaseGuangzhou, China
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Bunderson-Schelvan M, Holian A, Hamilton RF. Engineered nanomaterial-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and anti-cathepsin agents. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2017; 20:230-248. [PMID: 28632040 PMCID: PMC6127079 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2017.1305924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), or small anthropogenic particles approximately < 100 nm in size and of various shapes and compositions, are increasingly incorporated into commercial products and used for industrial and medical purposes. There is an exposure risk to both the population at large and individuals in the workplace with inhalation exposures to ENMs being a primary concern. Further, there is increasing evidence to suggest that certain ENMs may represent a significant health risk, and many of these ENMs exhibit distinct similarities with other particles and fibers that are known to induce adverse health effects, such as asbestos, silica, and particulate matter (PM). Evidence regarding the importance of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and release of cathepsins in ENM toxicity has been accumulating. The aim of this review was to describe our current understanding of the mechanisms leading to ENM-associated pathologies, including LMP and the role of cathepsins with a focus on inflammation. In addition, anti-cathepsin agents, some of which have been tested in clinical trials and may prove useful for ameliorating the harmful effects of ENM exposure, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Raymond F. Hamilton
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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Mathews PM, Levy E. Cystatin C in aging and in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:38-50. [PMID: 27333827 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Under normal conditions, the function of catalytically active proteases is regulated, in part, by their endogenous inhibitors, and any change in the synthesis and/or function of a protease or its endogenous inhibitors may result in inappropriate protease activity. Altered proteolysis as a result of an imbalance between active proteases and their endogenous inhibitors can occur during normal aging, and such changes have also been associated with multiple neuronal diseases, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), rare heritable neurodegenerative disorders, ischemia, some forms of epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). One of the most extensively studied endogenous inhibitor is the cysteine-protease inhibitor cystatin C (CysC). Changes in the expression and secretion of CysC in the brain have been described in various neurological disorders and in animal models of neurodegeneration, underscoring a role for CysC in these conditions. In the brain, multiple in vitro and in vivo findings have demonstrated that CysC plays protective roles via pathways that depend upon the inhibition of endosomal-lysosomal pathway cysteine proteases, such as cathepsin B (Cat B), via the induction of cellular autophagy, via the induction of cell proliferation, or via the inhibition of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation. We review the data demonstrating the protective roles of CysC under conditions of neuronal challenge and the protective pathways induced by CysC under various conditions. Beyond highlighting the essential role that balanced proteolytic activity plays in supporting normal brain aging, these findings suggest that CysC is a therapeutic candidate that can potentially prevent brain damage and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Mathews
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, USA; Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Efrat Levy
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, USA; Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
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Wang XF, Liu DX, Liang Y, Xing LL, Zhao WH, Qin XX, Shang DS, Li B, Fang WG, Cao L, Zhao WD, Chen YH. Cystatin C Shifts APP Processing from Amyloid-β Production towards Non-Amyloidgenic Pathway in Brain Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161093. [PMID: 27532339 PMCID: PMC4988779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ), the major component of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), is derived from sequential proteolytic cleavage of amyloid protein precursor (APP) by secretases. In this study, we found that cystatin C (CysC), a natural cysteine protease inhibitor, is able to reduce Aβ40 secretion in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). The CysC-induced Aβ40 reduction was caused by degradation of β-secretase BACE1 through the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. In contrast, we found that CysC promoted secretion of soluble APPα indicating the activated non-amyloidogenic processing of APP in HBMEC. Further results revealed that α-secretase ADAM10, which was transcriptionally upregulated in response to CysC, was required for the CysC-induced sAPPα secretion. Knockdown of SIRT1 abolished CysC-triggered ADAM10 upregulation and sAPPα production. Taken together, our results demonstrated that exogenously applied CysC can direct amyloidogenic APP processing to non-amyloidgenic pathway in brain endothelial cells, mediated by proteasomal degradation of BACE1 and SIRT1-mediated ADAM10 upregulation. Our study unveils previously unrecognized protective role of CysC in APP processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Fei Wang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Dong-Xin Liu
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Li-Li Xing
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wen-Hui Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Qin
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - De-Shu Shang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wen-Gang Fang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu-Hua Chen
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
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Sant'Anna R, Navarro S, Ventura S, Paraoan L, Foguel D. Amyloid properties of the leader peptide of variant B cystatin C: implications for Alzheimer and macular degeneration. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:644-54. [PMID: 26865059 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Variant B (VB) of cystatin C has a mutation in its signal peptide (A25T), which interferes with its processing leading to reduced secretion and partial retention in the vicinity of the mitochondria. There are genetic evidences of the association of VB with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we investigated aggregation and amyloid propensities of unprocessed VB combining computational and in vitro studies. Aggregation predictors revealed the presence of four aggregation-prone regions, with a strong one at the level of the signal peptide, which indeed formed toxic aggregates and mature amyloid fibrils in solution. In light of these results, we propose for the first time the role of the signal peptide in pathogenesis of AD and AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Sant'Anna
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Susanna Navarro
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Luminita Paraoan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Debora Foguel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Damm T, Spiegel H, Barth S, Fischer R, Naehring J. Development of a Competitive Cystatin C-Specific Bioassay Suitable for Repetitive Measurements. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147177. [PMID: 26799562 PMCID: PMC4723070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cystatin C (hCC), a cysteine protease inhibitor, has been proposed as a diagnostic marker because its serum levels correlate with certain cardiovascular and kidney diseases. All current hCC assays are based on ex vivo detection. Here we describe the generation and evaluation of antibodies that allow the repetitive binding and release of hCC and hCC-fusion proteins, a prerequisite for long-term measurement, which is required for compatibility with implantable biochip devices and for the development of innovative antibody-based assays suitable for continuous in vivo and in vitro monitoring. Recombinant hCC and hCC-fusion proteins were produced in Escherichia coli and HEK293T cells and were used to generate antibodies by hybridoma technology. After screening by indirect and sandwich ELISAs, 12 monoclonal hybridoma cell lines producing hCC-specific monoclonal antibodies were identified. To determine their hCC association and dissociation properties, the antibodies were analysed by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, revealing three with the desired fast binding and moderate-to-fast release characteristics. The analysis of binding and dissociation in the presence of hCC and hCC-fusion proteins using fluorescence-based replacement assays showed that mAb CyDI-4 was the most suitable for further analysis. The results showed that repetitive replacement on mAb CyDI-4 was possible and that most of the change in signal intensity occurred after 20-30 min. Furthermore, the suitability of mAb CyDI-4 for serum hCC measurement was confirmed by a fluorescence-based replacement assay using serially-diluted reference serum from the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (ERM-DA471/IFCC). Our results suggest that the assay covers the physiological and pathological ranges of hCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Damm
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Spiegel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Institute for Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joerg Naehring
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Teixeira FG, Panchalingam KM, Anjo SI, Manadas B, Pereira R, Sousa N, Salgado AJ, Behie LA. Do hypoxia/normoxia culturing conditions change the neuroregulatory profile of Wharton Jelly mesenchymal stem cell secretome? Stem Cell Res Ther 2015. [PMID: 26204925 PMCID: PMC4533943 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of human umbilical cord Wharton Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) has been considered a new potential source for future safe applications in regenerative medicine. Indeed, the application of hWJ-MSCs into different animal models of disease, including those from the central nervous system, has shown remarkable therapeutic benefits mostly associated with their secretome. Conventionally, hWJ-MSCs are cultured and characterized under normoxic conditions (21 % oxygen tension), although the oxygen levels within tissues are typically much lower (hypoxic) than these standard culture conditions. Therefore, oxygen tension represents an important environmental factor that may affect the performance of mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. However, the impact of hypoxic conditions on distinct mesenchymal stem cell characteristics, such as the secretome, still remains unclear. Methods In the present study, we have examined the effects of normoxic (21 % O2) and hypoxic (5 % O2) conditions on the hWJ-MSC secretome. Subsequently, we address the impact of the distinct secretome in the neuronal cell survival and differentiation of human neural progenitor cells. Results The present data indicate that the hWJ-MSC secretome collected from normoxic and hypoxic conditions displayed similar effects in supporting neuronal differentiation of human neural progenitor cells in vitro. However, proteomic analysis revealed that the use of hypoxic preconditioning led to the upregulation of several proteins within the hWJ-MSC secretome. Conclusions Our results suggest that the optimization of parameters such as hypoxia may lead to the development of strategies that enhance the therapeutic effects of the secretome for future regenerative medicine studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Krishna M Panchalingam
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Sandra Isabel Anjo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Biocant - Biotechnology Innovation Center, Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Leo A Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Ren Y, Zhu W, Cui F, Yang F, Chen Z, Ling L, Huang X. Measurement of cystatin C levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:5419-5426. [PMID: 26191245 PMCID: PMC4503116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is mainly based on clinical and electrophysiological features. It is yet to be confirmed if cystatin C (Cys-C) can be a candidate diagnostic biomarker for ALS. This retrospective study aimed at investigating the changes in the level of Cys-C levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Chinese patients with ALS. CSF and serum samples obtained from patients with ALS, healthy controls (HC) and neurodegenerative disease controls from March 2012 to May 2014 were analyzed for levels of Cys-C using an immunoturbidimetric assay. The results were checked for the presence of meaningful correlations between Cys-C levels and variables such as the age of onset, site of symptoms onset, disease duration, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale revised (ALSFRS-R) score, forced vital capacity (FVC) and rate of ALS disease progression. There was no difference in the Cys-C levels in CSF and serum between patients with ALS and controls. However, the serum Cys-C levels correlated with the ALSFRS-R score and the site of symptoms onset. The statistical analysis exhibited reduced levels of serum Cys-C in Upper limb-onset ALS (U-ALS) compared to Lower limb-onset ALS (L-ALS). The present data demonstrate that the level of Cys-C in CSF should not be considered as a biomarker of ALS. Cys-C in serum may be useful as an indicator of the severity of disease and site of symptoms onset although the specificity of serum Cys-C levels in ALS was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ren
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wenjia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Fang Cui
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xusheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China
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Extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease: friends or foes? Focus on aβ-vesicle interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4800-13. [PMID: 25741766 PMCID: PMC4394450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intercellular transfer of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins has received increasing attention in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Among other transfer modes, Aβ and tau dissemination has been suggested to occur through release of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), which may facilitate delivery of pathogenic proteins over large distances. Recent evidence indicates that EVs carry on their surface, specific molecules which bind to extracellular Aβ, opening the possibility that EVs may also influence Aβ assembly and synaptotoxicity. In this review we focus on studies which investigated the impact of EVs in Aβ-mediated neurodegeneration and showed either detrimental or protective role for EVs in the pathology.
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Yang B, Zhu J, Miao Z, Zhou B, Ge W, Zhao H, Xu X. Cystatin C is an Independent Risk Factor and Therapeutic Target for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:1-7. [PMID: 25697425 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cystatin C (CysC) has been used as a renal function indicator and a strong predictor of cardiovascular events. In this study, we determined the prognostic value of serum CysC in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and examined its protective role on ischemic brain injury. First-ever stroke patients (601 cases) and control subjects (325 cases) were recruited. Serum CysC level in patients with AIS were significantly higher than that in controls. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that elevated CysC is an independent risk factor of AIS; the odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) was 9.80 (3.12-30.83). The integrated population was divided into quintiles according to serum CysC. Compared with the first quintile, the odds ratios of risk for AIS in fourth quintile and fifth quintile were 1.92 (1.08-3.40) and 2.88 (1.49-5.54), respectively. Serum CysC was not associated with neurological deficits and the location of ischemic area; however, serum CysC in patients decreased after one-week therapy. This was consistent with CysC expression after ischemia/reperfusion injury in a mouse focal ischemia/reperfusion injury model. Exogenous CysC exerted neuroprotective effects by reducing infarct volume in this animal stroke model. Therefore, serum CysC is highly associated with AIS and is an independent prediction marker for AIS. Since our findings demonstrated the protection of exogenous CysC on ischemic brain injury, CysC is a novel and promising therapeutic target for AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou City, 215004, Jiangsu Province, China
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Cystatin C is a disease-associated protein subject to multiple regulation. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:442-51. [PMID: 25643616 PMCID: PMC7165929 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A protease inhibitor, cystatin C (Cst C), is a secreted cysteine protease inhibitor abundantly expressed in body fluids. Clinically, it is mostly used to measure glomerular filtration rate as a marker for kidney function due to its relatively small molecular weight and easy detection. However, recent findings suggest that Cst C is regulated at both transcriptional and post‐translational levels, and Cst C production from haematopoietic cell lineages contributes significantly to the systematic pools of Cst C. Furthermore, Cst C is directly linked to many pathologic processes through various mechanisms. Thus fluctuation of Cst C levels might have serious clinical implications rather than a mere reflection of kidney functions. Here, we summarize the pathophysiological roles of Cst C dependent and independent on its inhibition of proteases, outline its change of expression by various stimuli, and elucidate the regulatory mechanisms to control this disease‐related protease inhibitor. Finally, we discuss the clinical implications of these findings for translational gains.
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