1
|
Shiu EYC, Cheng SMS, Martín-Sánchez M, Au NYM, Chan KCK, Li JKC, Fung LWC, Luk LLH, Chaothai S, Kwan TC, Ip DKM, Leung GM, Poon LLM, Peiris JSM, Leung NHL, Cowling BJ. Durability for 12 months of antibody response to a booster dose of monovalent BNT162b2 in adults who had initially received 2 doses of inactivated vaccine. Vaccine 2024; 42:126317. [PMID: 39276621 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the strength and durability of antibody responses in 277 adults who received a heterologous third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine, following two doses of an inactivated vaccine. Neutralizing antibody levels against both the ancestral virus and Omicron BA.2 subvariant decreased from one month to 6 months after the third dose, and were then maintained at 12 months. Participants who received both a fourth dose and reported a SARS-CoV-2 infection had the highest antibody titers at 365 days after the third dose. Individuals with chronic medical conditions had lower antibody levels against the Omicron BA.2 subvariant at 12 months after the third dose. The results suggest that the heterologous third dose provides durable neutralizing antibody responses, which may be influenced by subsequent infection or vaccination and pre-existing medical conditions. These findings may help explain the differences in immune protection between vaccination and natural infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Y C Shiu
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Samuel M S Cheng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Mario Martín-Sánchez
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Niki Y M Au
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Karl C K Chan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - John K C Li
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Lison W C Fung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Leo L H Luk
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Sara Chaothai
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Tsz Chun Kwan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Dennis K M Ip
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Gabriel M Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Leo L M Poon
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - J S Malik Peiris
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Nancy H L Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China..
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gütlin Y, Albertos Torres D, Gensch A, Schlotterbeck AK, Stöger L, Heller S, Infanti L, Barut GT, Thiel V, Leuzinger K, Hirsch HH, Buser A, Egli A. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 total immunoglobulin and neutralising antibody responses in healthy blood donors throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal observational study. Swiss Med Wkly 2024; 154:3408. [PMID: 39137369 DOI: 10.57187/s.3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quantifying antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and neutralising antibodies may help to understand protection at the individual and population levels. Determination of neutralising antibodies using classical virus neutralisation tests (VNT) is considered the gold standard, but they are costly and time-intensive. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based surrogate VNTs (sVNT) or anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain immunoglobulins (anti-S-RBD Ig) may be suitable alternatives to VNTs. We aimed to (a) explore the correlations between anti-S-RBD Ig, VNT, and sVNT measurements and (b) describe humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination, natural infection, and vaccine breakthrough infection in healthy blood donors. METHODS We measured total anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ig in 5714 serum samples from 2748 healthy individuals visiting the Swiss Red Cross Blood Donation Centre in Basel from 03/2020 to 04/2022. We used the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay (Roche) against the N- and S-receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins. In a subset of 548 samples from 123 donors, we conducted sVNTs against the Wuhan wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Detection Kit; Adipogen™). In 100 samples from 40 donors, we correlated sVNT and VNTs against the wild-type (D614G WU1) virus. Surveys were sent to the blood donors to collect data on their SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination status. Using this data, donors were categorised as "vaccination only", "infection before vaccination", "post-vaccine breakthrough infection", and "natural infection only". RESULTS Our longitudinal observation study cohort consisted of 50.7% males with a median age of 31 years (range 18-75 y). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 N protein positivity rates per month indicate 57.1% (88/154) of the cohort was infected up to 04/2022. No differences in seropositivity were found between sexes, age groups, blood types (AB0 or RhD), and cytomegalovirus serostatus. We observed a high correlation between anti-S-RBD Ig and inhibition percentage (Spearman's ρ = 0.92, Kendall's τ = 0.77, p <0.0001). We determined the sensitivity and specificity for the manufacturers' thresholds for detecting virus-neutralising effects and computed the "best" cut-off based on our real-world data. We categorised 722/1138 (63.5%) donors as vaccination only (82.3%), post-vaccine breakthrough infection (7.8%), infection before vaccination (5.8%), and natural infection only (4.2%). We observed a lower inhibition percentage in the natural infection-only group than in all other vaccinated groups. The infection before vaccination group had higher anti-S-RBD Ig titres after the first vaccine dose than the other vaccinated groups. CONCLUSION In total, 57.1% of healthy blood donors were infected with SARS-CoV-2, but natural infection without evidence of vaccination seems to result in substantially lower neutralising antibody levels. An estimate of antibody neutralisation may be helpful to assess reinfection risk. Total anti-S-RBD Ig correlates with surrogate virus neutralisation test results, a surrogate for neutralisation; therefore, we suggest that total anti-S-RBD Ig may estimate the level of neutralising antibodies. The threshold for protection from an unfavourable clinical outcome must be evaluated in prospective clinical cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Gütlin
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diana Albertos Torres
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gensch
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Laurent Stöger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Heller
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Infanti
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service Swiss Red Cross, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Güliz Tuba Barut
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Hans H Hirsch
- Clinical Virology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buser
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gül A, Erkunt Alak S, Can H, Karakavuk M, Korukluoğlu G, Altaş AB, Gül C, Karakavuk T, Köseoğlu AE, Ülbeği Polat H, Yazıcı Malkoçoğlu H, Taş Ekiz A, Abacı İ, Aksoy Ö, Enül H, Adıay C, Uzar S, Saraç F, Ün C, Gürüz AY, Kantarcı AG, Akbaba H, Erel Akbaba G, Yılmaz H, Değirmenci Döşkaya A, Taşbakan M, Pullukçu H, Karasulu E, Tekin Ş, Döşkaya M. Immunogenicity and protection efficacy of a COVID-19 DNA vaccine encoding spike protein with D614G mutation and optimization of large-scale DNA vaccine production. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13865. [PMID: 38879684 PMCID: PMC11180131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 had devastating consequences for human health. Despite the introduction of several vaccines, COVID-19 continues to pose a serious health risk due to emerging variants of concern. DNA vaccines gained importance during the pandemic due to their advantages such as induction of both arms of immune response, rapid development, stability, and safety profiles. Here, we report the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding spike protein with D614G mutation (named pcoSpikeD614G) and define a large-scale production process. According to the in vitro studies, pcoSpikeD614G expressed abundant spike protein in HEK293T cells. After the administration of pcoSpikeD614G to BALB/c mice through intramuscular (IM) route and intradermal route using an electroporation device (ID + EP), it induced high level of anti-S1 IgG and neutralizing antibodies (P < 0.0001), strong Th1-biased immune response as shown by IgG2a polarization (P < 0.01), increase in IFN-γ levels (P < 0.01), and increment in the ratio of IFN-γ secreting CD4+ (3.78-10.19%) and CD8+ (5.24-12.51%) T cells. Challenging K18-hACE2 transgenic mice showed that pcoSpikeD614G administered through IM and ID + EP routes conferred 90-100% protection and there was no sign of pneumonia. Subsequently, pcoSpikeD614G was evaluated as a promising DNA vaccine candidate and scale-up studies were performed. Accordingly, a large-scale production process was described, including a 36 h fermentation process of E. coli DH5α cells containing pcoSpikeD614G resulting in a wet cell weight of 242 g/L and a three-step chromatography for purification of the pcoSpikeD614G DNA vaccine.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Animals
- Humans
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- Mice
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/immunology
- HEK293 Cells
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Mutation
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Female
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aytül Gül
- Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Sedef Erkunt Alak
- Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Hüseyin Can
- Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Vaccine Studies, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Muhammet Karakavuk
- Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Vaccine Studies, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
- Ödemiş Vocational School, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Gülay Korukluoğlu
- Republic of Türkiye, General Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, National Virology Reference Central Laboratory, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ayşe Başak Altaş
- Republic of Türkiye, General Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, National Virology Reference Central Laboratory, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ceren Gül
- Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Tuğba Karakavuk
- Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Efe Köseoğlu
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Duisburg-Essen University, Essen, Germany
| | - Hivda Ülbeği Polat
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Vice Presidency of Life Sciences, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | | | - Arzu Taş Ekiz
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Vice Presidency of Life Sciences, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - İrem Abacı
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Vice Presidency of Life Sciences, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Özge Aksoy
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Vice Presidency of Life Sciences, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Enül
- Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Cumhur Adıay
- Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Serdar Uzar
- Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Fahriye Saraç
- Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Cemal Ün
- Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Vaccine Studies, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Adnan Yüksel Gürüz
- Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Vaccine Studies, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Ayşe Gülten Kantarcı
- Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Vaccine Studies, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Akbaba
- Department of Vaccine Studies, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Gülşah Erel Akbaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Habibe Yılmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Trakya University, Edirne, Türkiye
| | - Aysu Değirmenci Döşkaya
- Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Vaccine Studies, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Meltem Taşbakan
- Department of Vaccine Studies, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Hüsnü Pullukçu
- Department of Vaccine Studies, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Ercüment Karasulu
- Ege University Research and Application Center of Drug Development and Pharmacokinetics, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Şaban Tekin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mert Döşkaya
- Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Türkiye.
- Department of Vaccine Studies, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye.
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun Y, Huang W, Xiang H, Nie J. SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Assays Used in Clinical Trials: A Narrative Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:554. [PMID: 38793805 PMCID: PMC11125816 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of COVID-19, extensive research efforts have been undertaken to accelerate the development of multiple types of vaccines to combat the pandemic. These include inactivated, recombinant subunit, viral vector, and nucleic acid vaccines. In the development of these diverse vaccines, appropriate methods to assess vaccine immunogenicity are essential in both preclinical and clinical studies. Among the biomarkers used in vaccine evaluation, the neutralizing antibody level serves as a pivotal indicator for assessing vaccine efficacy. Neutralizing antibody detection methods can mainly be classified into three types: the conventional virus neutralization test, pseudovirus neutralization test, and surrogate virus neutralization test. Importantly, standardization of these assays is critical for their application to yield results that are comparable across different laboratories. The development and use of international or regional standards would facilitate assay standardization and facilitate comparisons of the immune responses induced by different vaccines. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the principles, advantages, limitations, and application of different SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays in vaccine clinical trials. This will provide guidance for the development and evaluation of COVID-19 vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102629, China;
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102629, China;
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Jianhui Nie
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102629, China;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar A, Tripathi P, Kumar P, Shekhar R, Pathak R. From Detection to Protection: Antibodies and Their Crucial Role in Diagnosing and Combatting SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:459. [PMID: 38793710 PMCID: PMC11125746 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is crucial to comprehending disease progression and the significance of vaccine and therapeutic development. The emergence of highly contagious variants poses a significant challenge to humoral immunity, underscoring the necessity of grasping the intricacies of specific antibodies. This review emphasizes the pivotal role of antibodies in shaping immune responses and their implications for diagnosing, preventing, and treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. It delves into the kinetics and characteristics of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 and explores current antibody-based diagnostics, discussing their strengths, clinical utility, and limitations. Furthermore, we underscore the therapeutic potential of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, discussing various antibody-based therapies such as monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, anti-cytokines, convalescent plasma, and hyperimmunoglobulin-based therapies. Moreover, we offer insights into antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, emphasizing the significance of neutralizing antibodies in order to confer immunity to SARS-CoV-2, along with emerging variants of concern (VOCs) and circulating Omicron subvariants. We also highlight challenges in the field, such as the risks of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and shed light on the challenges associated with the original antigenic sin (OAS) effect and long COVID. Overall, this review intends to provide valuable insights, which are crucial to advancing sensitive diagnostic tools, identifying efficient antibody-based therapeutics, and developing effective vaccines to combat the evolving threat of SARS-CoV-2 variants on a global scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, National Institute of Biologicals, Noida 201309, India
| | - Prajna Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Prashant Kumar
- R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ritu Shekhar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rajiv Pathak
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rosa Duque JS, Cheng SMS, Cohen CA, Leung D, Wang X, Mu X, Chung Y, Lau TM, Wang M, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Wong HHW, Tsang LCH, Chaothai S, Kwan TC, Li JKC, Chan KCK, Luk LLH, Ho JCH, Li WY, Lee AMT, Lam JHY, Chan SM, Wong WHS, Tam IYS, Mori M, Valkenburg SA, Peiris M, Tu W, Lau YL. Superior antibody and membrane protein-specific T-cell responses to CoronaVac by intradermal versus intramuscular routes in adolescents. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:353-370. [PMID: 38085470 PMCID: PMC11052846 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimising the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines to improve their protection against disease is necessary. Fractional dosing by intradermal (ID) administration has been shown to be equally immunogenic as intramuscular (IM) administration for several vaccines, but the immunogenicity of ID inactivated whole severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the full dose is unknown. This study (NCT04800133) investigated the superiority of antibody and T-cell responses of full-dose CoronaVac by ID over IM administration in adolescents. METHODS Participants aged 11-17 years received two doses of IM or ID vaccine, followed by the 3rd dose 13-42 days later. Humoral and cellular immunogenicity outcomes were measured post-dose 2 (IM-CC versus ID-CC) and post-dose 3 (IM-CCC versus ID-CCC). Doses 2 and 3 were administered to 173 and 104 adolescents, respectively. RESULTS Spike protein (S) immunoglobulin G (IgG), S-receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG, S IgG Fcγ receptor IIIa (FcγRIIIa)-binding, SNM [sum of individual (S), nucleocapsid protein (N), and membrane protein (M) peptide pool]-specific interleukin-2 (IL-2)+CD4+, SNM-specific IL-2+CD8+, S-specific IL-2+CD8+, N-specific IL-2+CD4+, N-specific IL-2+CD8+ and M-specific IL-2+CD4+ responses fulfilled the superior and non-inferior criteria for ID-CC compared to IM-CC, whereas IgG avidity was inferior. For ID-CCC, S-RBD IgG, surrogate virus neutralisation test, 90% plaque reduction neutralisation titre (PRNT90), PRNT50, S IgG avidity, S IgG FcγRIIIa-binding, M-specific IL-2+CD4+, interferon-γ+CD8+ and IL-2+CD8+ responses were superior and non-inferior to IM-CCC. The estimated vaccine efficacies were 49%, 52%, 66% and 79% for IM-CC, ID-CC, IM-CCC and ID-CCC, respectively. The ID groups reported more local, mild adverse reactions. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate superior antibody and M-specific T-cell responses by ID inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and serves as the basis for future research to improve the immunogenicity of inactivated vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime S Rosa Duque
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samuel M S Cheng
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carolyn A Cohen
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiwei Wang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Mu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuet Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsun Ming Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Manni Wang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenyue Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Howard H W Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leo C H Tsang
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sara Chaothai
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz Chun Kwan
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John K C Li
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl C K Chan
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leo L H Luk
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jenson C H Ho
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Yan Li
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amos M T Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jennifer H Y Lam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sau Man Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wilfred H S Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Issan Y S Tam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Masashi Mori
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Sophie A Valkenburg
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection, and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Center for Immunology and Infection C2i, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wenwei Tu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yu Lung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang D, Kukkar D, Kim KH, Bhatt P. A comprehensive review on immunogen and immune-response proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and their applications in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129284. [PMID: 38211928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) prompts humoral immune responses in the human body. As the auxiliary diagnosis of a current infection, the existence of viral proteins can be checked from specific antibodies (Abs) induced by immunogenic viral proteins. For people with a weakened immune system, Ab treatment can help neutralize viral antigens to resist and treat the disease. On the other hand, highly immunogenic viral proteins can serve as effective markers for detecting prior infections. Additionally, the identification of viral particles or the presence of antibodies may help establish an immune defense against the virus. These immunogenic proteins rather than SARS-CoV-2 can be given to uninfected people as a vaccination to improve their coping ability against COVID-19 through the generation of memory plasma cells. In this work, we review immunogenic and immune-response proteins derived from SARS-CoV-2 with regard to their classification, origin, and diverse applications (e.g., prevention (vaccine development), diagnostic testing, and treatment (via neutralizing Abs)). Finally, advanced immunization strategies against COVID-19 are discussed along with the contemporary circumstances and future challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daohong Zhang
- College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China; Bio-Nanotechnology Research Institute, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Deepak Kukkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India; University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Poornima Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India; University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sui Y, Andersen H, Li J, Hoang T, Minai M, Nagata BM, Bock KW, Alves DA, Lewis MG, Berzofsky JA. SARS-CoV-2 mucosal vaccine protects against clinical disease with sex bias in efficacy. Vaccine 2024; 42:339-351. [PMID: 38071106 PMCID: PMC10843685 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Intranasal mucosal vaccines can more effectively induce mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we show in hamsters that an intranasal subunit mucosal vaccine boost with the beta variant S1 can prevent weight loss, in addition to reducing viral load, which cannot be studied in macaques that don't develop COVID-like disease. Protective efficacy against both viral load and weight loss correlated with serum antibody titers. A sex bias was detected in that immune responses and protection against viral load were greater in females than males. We also found that priming with S1 from the Wuhan strain elicited lower humoral immune responses against beta variant and led to less protection against beta viral challenge, suggesting the importance of matched antigens. The greater efficacy of mucosal vaccines in the upper respiratory tract and the need to consider sex differences in vaccine protection are important in the development of future improved COVID-19 vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, Center of for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | - Jianping Li
- Vaccine Branch, Center of for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tanya Hoang
- Vaccine Branch, Center of for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Bianca M Nagata
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Kevin W Bock
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Derron A Alves
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | | | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center of for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sparrer MN, Hodges NF, Ragan I, Yamashita T, Reed KJ, Sherman TJ, Mayer T, Maichak C, Adney DR, Carpenter M, Webb TL, Mayo C. SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in a veterinary health system provides insight into transmission risks. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:93-99. [PMID: 38103381 PMCID: PMC11234244 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.05.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 in companion and exotic animals in a veterinary healthcare system. SAMPLE A total of 341 animals were sampled by a combination of oral and nasal swabs. Serum from whole blood was collected from a subset of animals (86 canines, 25 felines, and 6 exotic animals). METHODS After informed owner consent, convenience samples from client-owned animals and the pets of students and staff members associated with Colorado State University's Veterinary Health System were collected between May 2021 and September 2022. Study samples were collected by trained veterinarians, Veterinary Health System staff, and veterinary students. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by reverse transcription PCR in 1.6% (95% CI, 0.5% to 4.6%) of domestic canines and 1.1% (95% CI, 0.2% to 6.1%) of domestic felines. No RNA was detected in any of the exotic animal species tested (n = 66). Plaque reduction neutralization tests indicated that 12.8% (95% CI, 7.3% to 21.5%) of canines and 12.0% (95% CI, 4.2% to 30.0%) of felines had neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides insight regarding SARS-CoV-2 spillover in domestic companion and exotic animals and contributes to our understanding of transmission risk in the veterinary setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie N Sparrer
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- 2Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Natasha F Hodges
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Izabela Ragan
- 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Tyler Yamashita
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Kirsten J Reed
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Tyler J Sherman
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Treana Mayer
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Courtney Maichak
- 4Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Danielle R Adney
- 5Department of Life Sciences, Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Molly Carpenter
- 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Tracy L Webb
- 2Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Christie Mayo
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Recanatini C, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Pas SD, Broens EM, Maas M, van Mansfeld R, Mutsaers-van Oudheusden AJG, van Rijen M, Schippers EF, Stegeman A, Tami A, Veldkamp KE, Visser H, Voss A, Wegdam-Blans MCA, Wertheim HFL, Wever PC, Koopmans MPG, Kluytmans JAJW, Kluytmans-van den Bergh MFQ. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers in Dutch hospitals after the 2020 first wave: a multicentre cross-sectional study with prospective follow-up. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:137. [PMID: 38031155 PMCID: PMC10688070 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to estimate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence and describe its determinants and associated symptoms among unvaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) after the first wave of the pandemic. METHODS HCWs from 13 Dutch hospitals were screened for antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in June-July 2020 and after three months. Participants completed a retrospective questionnaire on determinants for occupational and community exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 experienced since January 2020. The seroprevalence was calculated per baseline characteristic and symptom at baseline and after follow-up. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for seropositivity were determined using logistic regression. RESULTS Among 2328 HCWs, 323 (13.9%) were seropositive at enrolment, 49 of whom (15%) reported no previous symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. During follow-up, only 1% of the tested participants seroconverted. Seroprevalence was higher in younger HCWs compared to the mid-age category (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.07-2.18). Nurses (aOR 2.21, 95% CI 1.34-3.64) and administrative staff (aOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.02-3.43) had a higher seroprevalence than physicians. The highest seroprevalence was observed in HCWs in the emergency department (ED) (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.10-2.91), the lowest in HCWs in the intensive, high, or medium care units (aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.31-0.71). Chronic respiratory disease, smoking, and having a dog were independently associated with a lower seroprevalence, while HCWs with diabetes mellitus had a higher seroprevalence. In a multivariable model containing all self-reported symptoms since January 2020, altered smell and taste, fever, general malaise/fatigue, and muscle aches were positively associated with developing antibodies, while sore throat and chills were negatively associated. CONCLUSIONS The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in unvaccinated HCWs of 13 Dutch hospitals was 14% in June-July 2020 and remained stable after three months. A higher seroprevalence was observed in the ED and among nurses, administrative and young staff, and those with diabetes mellitus, while a lower seroprevalence was found in HCWs in intensive, high, or medium care, and those with self-reported lung disease, smokers, and dog owners. A history of altered smell or taste, fever, muscle aches and fatigue were independently associated with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in unvaccinated HCWs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Recanatini
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Suzan D Pas
- Microvida Laboratory for Medical Microbiology, Bravis Hospital, Roosendaal, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Els M Broens
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martje Maas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bernhoven Hospital, Uden, The Netherlands
| | - Rosa van Mansfeld
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miranda van Rijen
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Emile F Schippers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Stegeman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana Tami
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Ellen Veldkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beatrix Hospital, Gorinchem, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Voss
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn C A Wegdam-Blans
- Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Hospital St. Jans Gasthuis, Weert, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Stichting PAMM, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Heiman F L Wertheim
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C Wever
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A J W Kluytmans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein F Q Kluytmans-van den Bergh
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
- Amphia Academy Infectious Disease Foundation, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Boumaiza M, Chaabene A, Akrouti I, Ben Zakour M, Askri H, Salhi S, Ben Hamouda W, Marzouki S, Benabdessalem C, Ben Ahmed M, Trabelsi K, Rourou S. Development of an Optimized Process for Functional Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 Receptor-Binding Domain Protein Produced in the Baculovirus Expression Vector System. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:501. [PMID: 37999620 PMCID: PMC10674791 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To map the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and evaluate immune response variations against this virus, it is essential to set up efficient serological tests locally. The SARS-CoV-2 immunogenic proteins were very expensive and not affordable for lower- middle-income countries (LMICs). For this purpose, the commonly used antigen, receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike S1 protein (S1RBD), was produced using the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). In the current study, the expression of S1RBD was monitored using Western blot under different culture conditions. Different parameters were studied: the multiplicity of infection (MOI), cell density at infection, and harvest time. Hence, optimal conditions for efficient S1RBD production were identified: MOI 3; cell density at infection 2-3 × 106 cells/mL; and time post-infection (tPI or harvest time) of 72 h and 72-96 h, successively, for expression in shake flasks and a 7L bioreactor. A high production yield of S1RBD varying between 4 mg and 70 mg per liter of crude cell culture supernatant was achieved, respectively, in the shake flasks and 7L bioreactor. Moreover, the produced S1RBD showed an excellent antigenicity potential against COVID-19 (Wuhan strain) patient sera evaluated by Western blot. Thus, additional serological assays, such as in-house ELISA and seroprevalence studies based on the purified S1RDB, were developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Boumaiza
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Ameni Chaabene
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Ines Akrouti
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Ben Zakour
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Hana Askri
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Said Salhi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Ben Hamouda
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), LR11IPT-02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13, Place Pasteur. BP. 74, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Marzouki
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), LR11IPT-02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13, Place Pasteur. BP. 74, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Chaouki Benabdessalem
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), LR11IPT-02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13, Place Pasteur. BP. 74, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Melika Ben Ahmed
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), LR11IPT-02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13, Place Pasteur. BP. 74, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Samia Rourou
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bae DY, Yang JH, Moon SH, Kim WH, Yoo DS, Park CK, Shin YK, Kang HE, Tark D, Oh Y, Cho HS. Demonstration of SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Korean Native Cattle and Korean Native Black Goats in Korea. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3498. [PMID: 38003116 PMCID: PMC10668742 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 virus. A wide range of animals that interact with humans have been investigated to identify potential infections. As the extent of infection became more apparent, extensive animal monitoring became necessary to assess their susceptibility. This study analyzed nasal swabs and blood samples collected from randomly selected Korean native cattle and Korean native black goats. The tests conducted included real-time qPCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigens, an ELISA to detect antibodies, and a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) to determine the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Among the 1798 animals tested (consisting of 1174 Korean native cattle and 624 Korean native black goats), SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was detected in one Korean native cattle and one Korean native black goat. ELISA testing revealed positive results for antibodies in 54 Korean native cattle (4.60%) and 16 Korean native black goats (2.56%), while PRNTs yielded positive results in 51 Korean native cattle (4.34%) and 14 Korean native black goats (2.24%). The presence of SARS-CoV-2 antigens and/or antibodies was identified in animals on farms where farmworkers were already infected. It is challenging to completely rule out the possibility of reverse zoonotic transmission from humans to livestock in Korea, although the transmission is not to the same extent as it is in highly susceptible animal species like minks, cats, and dogs. This is due to the limited geographical area and the dense, intensive farming practices implemented in these regions. In conclusion, continuous viral circulation between humans and animals is inevitable, necessitating ongoing animal monitoring to ensure public health and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yun Bae
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (D.-Y.B.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Ju-Hee Yang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.Y.); (D.T.)
| | - Sung-Hyun Moon
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (D.-Y.B.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Woo H. Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dae-Sung Yoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungbuk National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeun-Kyung Shin
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (Y.-K.S.); (H.-E.K.)
| | - Hae-Eun Kang
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (Y.-K.S.); (H.-E.K.)
| | - Dongseob Tark
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.Y.); (D.T.)
| | - Yeonsu Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Cho
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (D.-Y.B.); (S.-H.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim D, Kim J, Kim M, Park H, Park S, Maharjan S, Baek K, Kang BM, Kim S, Park MS, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. Analysis of spike protein variants evolved in a novel in vivo long-term replication model for SARS-CoV-2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1280686. [PMID: 38029235 PMCID: PMC10655031 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1280686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 mutations have increased over time, resulting in the emergence of several variants of concern. Persistent infection is assumed to be involved in the evolution of the variants. Calu-3 human lung cancer cells persistently grow without apoptosis and release low virus titers after infection. Methods We established a novel in vivo long-term replication model using xenografts of Calu-3 human lung cancer cells in immunodeficient mice. Virus replication in the tumor was monitored for 30 days and occurrence of mutations in the viral genome was determined by whole-genome deep sequencing. Viral isolates with mutations were selected after plaque forming assays and their properties were determined in cells and in K18-hACE2 mice. Results After infection with parental SARS-CoV-2, viruses were found in the tumor tissues for up to 30 days and acquired various mutations, predominantly in the spike (S) protein, some of which increased while others fluctuated for 30 days. Three viral isolates with different combination of mutations produced higher virus titers than the parental virus in Calu-3 cells without cytopathic effects. In K18-hACE2 mice, the variants were less lethal than the parental virus. Infection with each variant induced production of cross-reactive antibodies to the receptor binding domain of parental SARS-CoV-2 S protein and provided protective immunity against subsequent challenge with parental virus. Discussion These results suggest that most of the SARS-CoV-2 variants acquired mutations promoting host adaptation in the Calu-3 xenograft mice. This model can be used in the future to further study SARS-CoV-2 variants upon long-term replication in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongbum Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heedo Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sony Maharjan
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongbin Baek
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Min Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Vaccine Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kenanoğlu OB, Gül A, Can H, Karakavuk M, Erkunt Alak S, Korukluoğlu G, Altaş AB, Pullukçu H, Değirmenci Döşkaya A, Karakavuk T, Gül C, Çiçek C, Taşbakan MS, Çinkooğlu A, Ün C, Gürüz AY, Avcı M, Karasulu E, Tekin Ş, Döşkaya M, Işıkgöz Taşbakan M. Importance of screening severe COVID-19 patients for IFN-λ1, IL-6 and anti-S1 IgG levels. Cytokine 2023; 171:156357. [PMID: 37690425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine storm is an important cause of death in COVID-19 patients. A recent clinical study showed that administration of recombinant interferon lambda 1 (IFN-λ1 or IL-29) may prevent severe COVID-19. On the other hand, IL-6 has been associated as a prognostic marker of worsening for COVID-19 patients. The objective of this study is to screen IFN-λ1, IL-6 and antibody levels in consecutive serum sample sets of COVID-19 patients. A total of 365 serum samples collected from 208 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were analyzed for IFN-λ1 and IL-6 levels as well as SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and anti-S1 IgG antibodies. Analyses of serum samples for cytokine levels showed that IFN-λ1 (>8 pg/mL) and IL-6 (>2 pg/mL) were detected in approximately 64% and 21% patients, respectively. A decrement in IFN-λ1 levels and IL-6 levels above 35 pg/mL can be sign of clinical severity and upcoming dead. An increment in IL-6 levels wasn't detected in every COVID-19 patient but a decrement in IL-6 levels was related to clinical improvement. Importantly, the detection of IFN-λ1 level together with an increase in anti-S1 IgG antibody response were observed in clinically improved patients. Screening severe COVID-19 patients for IFN-λ1, IL-6, and anti-S1 IgG antibody levels during their hospital stay especially in intensive care units may be beneficial to monitor the clinical status and management of treatment strategies. Importantly, detection of IFN-λ1 together with protective IgG antibody response can be an indication of clinical improvement in severe COVID-19 patients and these patients may be discharged from the hospital soon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olcay Buse Kenanoğlu
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Infectious Diseases, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Aytül Gül
- Ege University Faculty of Engineering Department of Bioengineering, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye; Ege University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Bioengineering, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye; Ege University Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Hüseyin Can
- Ege University Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye; Ege University Faculty of Science Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Muhammet Karakavuk
- Ege University Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye; Ege University Institute of Health Sciences Department of Vaccine Studies, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye; Ege University Ödemiş Vocational School, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Sedef Erkunt Alak
- Ege University Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye; Ege University Institute of Health Sciences Department of Vaccine Studies, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Gülay Korukluoğlu
- Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, National Virology Reference Central Laboratory, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ayşe Başak Altaş
- Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, National Virology Reference Central Laboratory, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Hüsnü Pullukçu
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Infectious Diseases, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Aysu Değirmenci Döşkaya
- Ege University Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye; Ege University Institute of Health Sciences Department of Vaccine Studies, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye; Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Parasitology, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Tuğba Karakavuk
- Ege University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science Department of Biotechnology, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Ceren Gül
- Ege University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science Department of Biotechnology, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Candan Çiçek
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Sezai Taşbakan
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Chest Diseases, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Akın Çinkooğlu
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Radiology, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Cemal Ün
- Ege University Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye; Ege University Faculty of Science Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Adnan Yüksel Gürüz
- Ege University Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye; Ege University Institute of Health Sciences Department of Vaccine Studies, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye; Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Parasitology, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Mahmut Avcı
- Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, National Virology Reference Central Laboratory, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ercüment Karasulu
- Ege University Research and Application Center of Drug Development and Pharmocokinetics, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Şaban Tekin
- University of Heatlh Sciences Faculty of Medicine Department of Basic Sciences, Üsküdar, İstanbul, Türkiye; TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Mert Döşkaya
- Ege University Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye; Ege University Institute of Health Sciences Department of Vaccine Studies, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye; Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Parasitology, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye.
| | - Meltem Işıkgöz Taşbakan
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Infectious Diseases, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Leung D, Chan EYH, Mu X, Rosa Duque JS, Cheng SM, Ho FTW, Tong PC, Lai WM, Lee MH, Chim S, Tam IY, Tsang LC, Kwan KK, Chung Y, Wong HH, Lee AM, Li WY, Sze ST, Lam JH, Lee DH, Chan SM, Tu W, Peiris M, Ma ALT, Lau YL. Humoral and Cellular Immunogenicity of 3 Doses of BNT162b2 in Children With Kidney Diseases. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:2356-2367. [PMID: 38025215 PMCID: PMC10658278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with severe kidney diseases are at risk of complications from COVID-19; however, little is known about the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents with kidney diseases. Methods We investigated the immunogenicity and safety of an accelerated 3-dose primary series of COVID-19 vaccination among 59 pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (mean age 12.9 years; 30 male) with or without immunosuppression, dialysis, or kidney transplant. Dosage was 0.1 ml BNT162b2 to those aged 5 to 11 years, and 0.3 ml BNT162b2 to those aged 11 to 18 years. Results Three doses of either vaccine type elicited significant antibody responses that included spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) IgG (90.5%-93.8% seropositive) and surrogate virus neutralization (geometric mean sVNT% level, 78.6%-79.3%). There were notable T cell responses. Weaker neutralization responses were observed among those on immunosuppression, especially those receiving higher number of immunosuppressants or on mycophenolate mofetil. Neutralization was reduced against Omicron BA.1 compared to wild type (WT, i.e., ancestral) (post-dose 3 sVNT% level; 82.7% vs. 27.4%; P < 0.0001). However, the T cell response against Omicron BA.1 was preserved, which likely confers protection against severe COVID-19. Infected patients exhibited hybrid immunity after vaccination, as evidenced by the higher Omicron BA.1 neutralization response among these infected patients who received 2 doses compared with those who were uninfected. Generally mild or moderate adverse reactions following vaccines were reported. Conclusion An accelerated 3-dose primary series with BNT162b2 is immunogenic and safe in young children and adolescents with kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leung
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eugene Yu-hin Chan
- Pediatric Nephrology Centre, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Mu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jaime S. Rosa Duque
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samuel M.S. Cheng
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fanny Tsz-wai Ho
- Pediatric Nephrology Centre, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pak-chiu Tong
- Pediatric Nephrology Centre, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-ming Lai
- Pediatric Nephrology Centre, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Matthew H.L. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stella Chim
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Issan Y.S. Tam
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leo C.H. Tsang
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin K.H. Kwan
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuet Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Howard H.W. Wong
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amos M.T. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Yan Li
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Summer T.K. Sze
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jennifer H.Y. Lam
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Derek H.L. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sau Man Chan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenwei Tu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Immunology & Infection C2i, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alison Lap-tak Ma
- Pediatric Nephrology Centre, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Lung Lau
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao S, Lok KYW, Sin ZY, Peng Y, Fan HSL, Nagesh N, Choi MSL, Kwok JYY, Choi EPH, Zhang X, Wai HKF, Tsang LCH, Cheng SSM, Wong MKL, Zhu J, Mok CKP, Ng SC, Chan FKL, Peiris M, Poon LLM, Tun HM. COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-mediated antibodies in human breast milk and their association with breast milk microbiota composition. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:151. [PMID: 37798293 PMCID: PMC10556030 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborns can acquire immunological protection to SARS-CoV-2 through vaccine-conferred antibodies in human breast milk. However, there are some concerns around lactating mothers with regards to potential short- and long-term adverse events and vaccine-induced changes to their breast milk microbiome composition, which helps shape the early-life microbiome. Thus, we sought to explore if SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine could change breast milk microbiota and how the changes impact the levels of antibodies in breast milk. We recruited 49 lactating mothers from Hong Kong who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine between June 2021 and August 2021. Breast milk samples were self-collected by participants pre-vaccination, one week post-first dose, one week post-second dose, and one month post-second dose. The levels of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG in breast milk peaked at one week post-second dose. Subsequently, the levels of both antibodies rapidly waned in breast milk, with IgA levels returning to baseline levels one month post-second dose. The richness and composition of human breast milk microbiota changed dynamically throughout the vaccination regimen, but the abundances of beneficial microbes such as Bifidobacterium species did not significantly change after vaccination. Additionally, we found that baseline breast milk bacterial composition can predict spike-specific IgA levels at one week post-second dose (Area Under Curve: 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.58-0.85). Taken together, our results identified specific breast milk microbiota markers associated with high levels of IgA in the breast milk following BNT162b2 vaccine. Furthermore, in lactating mothers, BNT162b2 vaccines did not significantly reduce probiotic species in breast milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Zhao
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kris Y W Lok
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhen Y Sin
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heidi S L Fan
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nitya Nagesh
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martha S L Choi
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jojo Y Y Kwok
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edmond P H Choi
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hogan Kok-Fung Wai
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leo C H Tsang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samuel S M Cheng
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Jie Zhu
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chris K P Mok
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leo L M Poon
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hein M Tun
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China.
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vilibic-Cavlek T, Stevanovic V, Kovac S, Borko E, Bogdanic M, Miletic G, Hruskar Z, Ferenc T, Coric I, Vujica Ferenc M, Milasincic L, Antolasic L, Barbic L. Neutralizing Activity of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Patients with COVID-19 and Vaccinated Individuals. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:61. [PMID: 37873858 PMCID: PMC10594469 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serological diagnosis of COVID-19 is complex due to the emergence of different SARS-CoV-2 variants. METHODS 164 serum samples from (I) patients who recovered from COVID-19 (n = 62) as well as (II) vaccinated individuals (n = 52) and (III) vaccinated individuals who were infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants after vaccination (n = 50) were included. All samples were tested using EIA (binding antibodies) and a virus neutralization test (VNT) using the Wuhan strain (NT antibodies). Group III was further tested with a VNT using the Alpha/Delta/Omicron strains. RESULTS The highest antibody index (AI) was observed in vaccinated individuals infected with COVID-19 (median AI = 50, IQR = 27-71) and the lowest in vaccinated individuals (median AI = 19, IQR = 8-48). Similarly, NT antibody titer was highest in vaccinated individuals infected with COVID-19 (median 128; IQR = 32-256) compared to vaccinated individuals (median 32, IQR = 4-128) and patients with COVID-19 (median 32, IQR = 8-64). The correlation between AI and NT titer was strongly positive in vaccinated individuals and moderately positive in patients with COVID-19. No significant correlation was observed in vaccinated individuals infected with COVID-19. In patients infected with Alpha and Delta, the lowest VNT positivity rate was for the Omicron variant (85.0%/83.3%). Patients infected with the Alpha variant showed the lowest NT titer for the Omicron variant (median titer 32) compared to the Wuhan/Delta variants (64/128). Patients infected with the Delta variant had the lowest NT titer to the Omicron variant (median 32), compared to the Wuhan/Alpha variants (64/128). Patients infected with the Omicron variant showed similar titers to the Delta/Wuhan variants (128) and higher to the Alpha variant (256). CONCLUSIONS The cross-immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is lowest for the Omicron variant compared to the Alpha/Delta variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.B.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (L.M.); (L.A.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Stevanovic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.K.); (G.M.); (I.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Snjezana Kovac
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.K.); (G.M.); (I.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Ema Borko
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.B.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (L.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Maja Bogdanic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.B.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (L.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Gorana Miletic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.K.); (G.M.); (I.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Zeljka Hruskar
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.B.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (L.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Thomas Ferenc
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivona Coric
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.K.); (G.M.); (I.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Mateja Vujica Ferenc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ljiljana Milasincic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.B.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (L.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Ljiljana Antolasic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.B.); (M.B.); (Z.H.); (L.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Ljubo Barbic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.K.); (G.M.); (I.C.); (L.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li Y, He J, Zhang Y, Liang D, Zhang J, Ji R, Wu Y, Su Z, Ke C, Xu N, Tang Y, Xu J. The instantly blocking-based fluorescent immunochromatographic assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1203625. [PMID: 37736103 PMCID: PMC10509472 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1203625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction At present, there is an urgent need for the rapid and accurate detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to evaluate the ability of the human body to resist coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after infection or vaccination. The current gold standard for neutralizing antibody detection is the conventional virus neutralization test (cVNT), which requires live pathogens and biosafety level-3 (BSL-3) laboratories, making it difficult for this method to meet the requirements of large-scale routine detection. Therefore, this study established a time-resolved fluorescence-blocking lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (TRF-BLFIA) that enables accurate, rapid quantification of NAbs in subjects. Methods This assay utilizes the characteristic that SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody can specifically block the binding of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to rapidly detect the content of neutralizing antibody in COVID-19-infected patients and vaccine recipients. Results When 356 samples of vaccine recipients were measured, the coincidence rate between this method and cVNT was 88.76%, which was higher than the coincidence rate of 76.97% between cVNT and a conventional chemiluminescence immunoassay detecting overall binding anti-Spike-IgG. More importantly, this assay does not need to be carried out in BSL-2 or 3 laboratories. Discussion Therefore, this product can detect NAbs in COVID-19 patients and provide a reference for the prognosis and outcome of patients. Simultaneously, it can also be applied to large-scale detection to better meet the needs of neutralizing antibody detection after vaccination, making it an effective tool to evaluate the immunoprotective effect of COVID-19 vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruili Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zejie Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Changwen Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Laboratory Science, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Maoming Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou Y, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Lin DJ, Lu C, Wang Y, Le S, Li R, Yan J. A Mechanical Assay for the Quantification of Anti-RBD IgG Levels in Finger-Prick Whole Blood. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2986-2995. [PMID: 37582229 PMCID: PMC10464602 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
A large portion of the global population has been vaccinated with various vaccines or infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The resulting IgG antibodies that target the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 play a vital role in reducing infection rates and severe disease outcomes. Different immune histories result in the production of anti-RBD IgG antibodies with different binding affinities to RBDs of different variants, and the levels of these antibodies decrease over time. Therefore, it is important to have a low-cost, rapid method for quantifying the levels of anti-RBD IgG in decentralized testing for large populations. In this study, we describe a 30 min assay that allows for the quantification of anti-RBD IgG levels in a single drop of finger-prick whole blood. This assay uses force-dependent dissociation of nonspecifically absorbed RBD-coated superparamagnetic microbeads to determine the density of specifically linked microbeads to a protein A-coated transparent surface through anti-RBD IgGs, which can be measured using a simple light microscope and a low-magnification lens. The titer of serially diluted anti-RBD IgGs can be determined without any additional sample processing steps. The limit of detection for this assay is 0.7 ± 0.1 ng/mL referenced to the CR3022 anti-RBD IgG. The limits of the technology and its potential to be further developed to meet the need for point-of-care monitoring of immune protection status are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
- Centre
for Bioimaging Sciences, National University
of Singapore, 117557, Singapore
| | - Yanqige Jiang
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | | | - Chen Lu
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Shimin Le
- Department
of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P. R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
- Centre
for Bioimaging Sciences, National University
of Singapore, 117557, Singapore
- Joint
School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hickerson BT, Khalenkov AM, Xie T, Frucht DM, Scott DE, Ilyushina NA. Interchangeability of the Assays Used to Assess the Activity of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies. Viruses 2023; 15:1698. [PMID: 37632039 PMCID: PMC10459467 DOI: 10.3390/v15081698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent global COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 lasted for over three years. A key measure in combatting this pandemic involved the measurement of the monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated inhibition of binding between the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and hACE2 receptor. Potency assessments of therapeutic anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs typically include binding or cell-based neutralization assays. We assessed the inhibitory activity of five anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs using ELISA, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and four cell-based neutralization assays using different pseudovirus particles and 293T or A549 cells expressing hACE2 with or without TMPRSS2. We assessed the interchangeability between cell-based and binding assays by applying the Bland-Altman method under certain assumptions. Our data demonstrated that the IC50 [nM] values determined by eight neutralization assays are independent of the cell line, presence of TMPRSS2 enzyme on the cell surface, and pseudovirus backbone used. Moreover, the Bland-Altman analysis showed that the IC50 [nM] and KD [nM] values determined by neutralization/ELISA or by SPR are equivalent and that the anti-spike mAb activity can be attributed to one variable directly related to its tertiary conformational structure conformation, rate dissociation constant Koff. This parameter is independent from the concentrations of the components of the mAb:RBD:hACE2 complexes and can be used for a comparison between the activities of the different mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brady T. Hickerson
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (B.T.H.); (T.X.); (D.M.F.)
| | - Alexey M. Khalenkov
- Division of Plasma Derivatives, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (A.M.K.); (D.E.S.)
| | - Tao Xie
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (B.T.H.); (T.X.); (D.M.F.)
| | - David M. Frucht
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (B.T.H.); (T.X.); (D.M.F.)
| | - Dorothy E. Scott
- Division of Plasma Derivatives, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (A.M.K.); (D.E.S.)
| | - Natalia A. Ilyushina
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (B.T.H.); (T.X.); (D.M.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Eriksson C, Gunasekera S, Muhammad T, Zhang M, Laurén I, Mangsbo SM, Lord M, Göransson U. Epitopes Displayed in a Cyclic Peptide Scaffold Bind SARS-COV-2 Antibodies. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300103. [PMID: 37021633 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 is a global health issue. The spread of the virus has resulted in seven million deaths to date. The emergence of new viral strains highlights the importance of continuous surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by using timely and accurate diagnostic tools. Here, we used a stable cyclic peptide scaffolds to present antigenic sequences derived from the spike protein that are reactive to SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Using peptide sequences from different domains of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, we grafted epitopes on the peptide scaffold sunflower trypsin inhibitor 1 (SFTI-1). These scaffold peptides were then used to develop an ELISA to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum. We show that displaying epitopes on the scaffold improves reactivity overall. One of the scaffold peptides (S2_1146-1161_c) has reactivity equal to that of commercial assays, and shows diagnostic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Eriksson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Box 591, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sunithi Gunasekera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Box 591, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taj Muhammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Box 591, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mingshu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Box 591, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ida Laurén
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara M Mangsbo
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Lord
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Göransson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Box 591, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pecoraro V, Pirotti T, Trenti T. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: analysis of 35,000 subjects and overview of systematic reviews. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1213-1224. [PMID: 36289100 PMCID: PMC9607758 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reinfection by SARS-CoV-2 is a rare but possible event. We evaluated the prevalence of reinfections in the Province of Modena and performed an overview of systematic reviews to summarize the current knowledge. METHODS We applied big data analysis and retrospectively analysed the results of oro- or naso-pharyngeal swab results tested for molecular research of viral RNA of SARS-CoV-2 between 1 January 2021 and 30 June 2021 at a single center. We selected individuals with samples sequence of positive, negative and then positive results. Between first and second positive result we considered a time interval of 90 days to be sure of a reinfection. We also performed a search for and evaluation of systematic reviews reporting SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rates. Main information was collected and the methodological quality of each review was assessed, according to A Measurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). RESULTS Initial positive results were revealed in more than 35,000 (20%) subjects; most (28%) were aged 30-49 years old. Reinfection was reported in 1,258 (3.5%); most (33%) were aged 30-49 years old. Reinfection rates according to vaccinated or non-vaccinated subjects were 0.6% vs 1.1% (p < 0.0001). Nine systematic reviews were identified and confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate is a rare event. AMSTAR revealed very low-moderate levels of quality among selected systematic reviews. CONCLUSIONS There is a real, albeit rare risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Big data analysis enabled accurate estimates of the reinfection rates. Nevertheless, a standardized approach to identify and report reinfection cases should be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pecoraro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pirotti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Boley PA, Dennis PM, Faraone JN, Xu J, Liu M, Niu X, Gibson S, Hale V, Wang Q, Liu SL, Saif LJ, Kenney SP. SARS-CoV-2 Serological Investigation of White-Tailed Deer in Northeastern Ohio. Viruses 2023; 15:1603. [PMID: 37515289 PMCID: PMC10385782 DOI: 10.3390/v15071603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are known to cross species barriers, and spill over among animals, from animals to humans, and vice versa. SARS-CoV-2 emerged in humans in late 2019. It is now known to infect numerous animal species, including companion animals and captive wildlife species. Experimental infections in other animals have established that many species are susceptible to infection, with new ones still being identified. We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins, that is both sensitive and specific. It can detect S antibodies in sera at dilutions greater than 1:10,000, and does not cross-react with antibodies to the other coronaviruses tested. We used the S antibody ELISA to test serum samples collected from 472 deer from ten sites in northeastern Ohio between November 2020 and March 2021, when the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was first peaking in humans in Ohio, USA. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were found in serum samples from every site, with an overall positivity rate of 17.2%; we further compared the viral neutralizing antibody titers to our ELISA results. These findings demonstrate the need to establish surveillance programs to monitor deer and other susceptible wildlife species globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A. Boley
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Patricia M. Dennis
- Veterinary Preventative Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (J.N.F.); (S.-L.L.)
- Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Julia N. Faraone
- Veterinary Preventative Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (J.N.F.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Jiayu Xu
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Mingde Liu
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Stormy Gibson
- Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Wildlife, Columbus, OH 43299, USA
| | - Vanessa Hale
- Veterinary Preventative Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (J.N.F.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Veterinary Preventative Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (J.N.F.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Scott P. Kenney
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Veterinary Preventative Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (J.N.F.); (S.-L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Buchta C, Springer D, Jovanovic J, Borsodi C, Weidner L, Sareban N, Radler U, Müller MM, Griesmacher A, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Wagner T, Jungbauer C, Stiasny K, Weseslindtner L. Three rounds of a national external quality assessment reveal a link between disharmonic anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody quantifications and the infection stage. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1349-1358. [PMID: 36756735 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The WHO's standardized measuring unit, "binding antibody units per milliliter (BAU/mL)," should allow the harmonization of quantitative results by different commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays. However, multiple studies demonstrate inter-assay discrepancies. The antigenic changes of the Omicron variant affect the performance of Spike-specific immunoassays. This study evaluated the variation of quantitative Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike antibody measurements among 46, 50, and 44 laboratories in three rounds of a national external quality assessment (EQA) prior to and after the emergence of the Omicron variant in a diagnostic near-to-real-life setting. METHODS We analyzed results reported by the EQA participant laboratories from single and sequential samples from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent, acutely infected, and vaccinated individuals, including samples obtained after primary and breakthrough infections with the Omicron variant. RESULTS The three immunoassays most commonly used by the participants displayed a low intra-assay and inter-laboratory variation with excellent reproducibility using identical samples sent to the participants in duplicates. In contrast, the inter-assay variation was very high with all samples. Notably, the ratios of BAU/mL levels quantified by different immunoassays were not equal among all samples but differed between vaccination, past, and acute infection, including primary infection with the Omicron variant. The antibody kinetics measured in vaccinated individuals strongly depended on the applied immunoassay. CONCLUSIONS Measured BAU/mL levels are only inter-changeable among different laboratories when the same assay was used for their assessment. Highly variable ratios of BAU/mL quantifications among different immunoassays and infection stages argue against the usage of universal inter-assay conversion factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Buchta
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | - David Springer
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jovana Jovanovic
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lisa Weidner
- Austrian Red Cross, Blood Service for Vienna, Lower Austria, and Burgenland, Austria
| | - Nazanin Sareban
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulla Radler
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias M Müller
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Wagner
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christof Jungbauer
- Austrian Red Cross, Blood Service for Vienna, Lower Austria, and Burgenland, Austria
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dehesa-Canseco F, Pastrana-Unzueta R, Carrillo-Guzmán N, Liljehult-Fuentes F, Pérez-De la Rosa JD, Ramírez-Mendoza H, Estrada-Franco JG, Navarro-López R, Hernández J, Solís-Hernández M. Neutralizing Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Ancestral Strain and Omicron BA.1 Subvariant in Dogs and Cats in Mexico. Pathogens 2023; 12:835. [PMID: 37375525 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects humans; however, it is important to monitor the infection of companion and wild animals as possible reservoirs of this virus. In this sense, seroprevalence studies in companion animals, such as dogs and cats, provide important information about the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against the ancestral strain and the Omicron BA.1 subvariant in dogs and cats in Mexico. Six hundred and two samples were obtained from dogs (n = 574) and cats (n = 28). These samples were collected from the end of 2020 to December 2021 from different regions of Mexico. The presence of nAbs was evaluated using a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and microneutralization (MN) assays. The results showed that 14.2% of cats and 1.5% of dogs presented nAbs against the ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2. The analysis of nAbs against Omicron BA.1 in cats showed the same percentage of positive animals but a reduced titer. In dogs, 1.2% showed nAbs against Omicron BA.1. These results indicate that nAbs were more frequent in cats than in dogs and that these nAbs have a lower capacity to neutralize the subvariant Omicron BA.1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Dehesa-Canseco
- Comisión México-Estados Unidos para la Prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa y otras Enfermedades Exóticas de los Animales (CPA), Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA), Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (SADER), Ciudad de Mexico 05110, Mexico
| | - Roxana Pastrana-Unzueta
- Comisión México-Estados Unidos para la Prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa y otras Enfermedades Exóticas de los Animales (CPA), Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA), Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (SADER), Ciudad de Mexico 05110, Mexico
| | - Nadia Carrillo-Guzmán
- Comisión México-Estados Unidos para la Prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa y otras Enfermedades Exóticas de los Animales (CPA), Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA), Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (SADER), Ciudad de Mexico 05110, Mexico
| | - Francisco Liljehult-Fuentes
- Comisión México-Estados Unidos para la Prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa y otras Enfermedades Exóticas de los Animales (CPA), Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA), Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (SADER), Ciudad de Mexico 05110, Mexico
| | - Juan Diego Pérez-De la Rosa
- Centro Nacional de Servicios de Constatación en Salud Animal (CENAPA), Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA), Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (SADER), Cuernavaca 62574, Mexico
| | - Humberto Ramírez-Mendoza
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Roberto Navarro-López
- Comisión México-Estados Unidos para la Prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa y otras Enfermedades Exóticas de los Animales (CPA), Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA), Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (SADER), Ciudad de Mexico 05110, Mexico
| | - Jesús Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. (CIAD), Hermosillo Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Mario Solís-Hernández
- Comisión México-Estados Unidos para la Prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa y otras Enfermedades Exóticas de los Animales (CPA), Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA), Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (SADER), Ciudad de Mexico 05110, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yung L, Leung LY, Lee KH, Morrell S, Fong MW, Yan Fung NH, Cheng KL, Kaewpreedee P, Li Y, Cowling BJ, Lau EH, Hui DS, Graham CA, Yen HL. A longitudinal environmental surveillance study for SARS-CoV-2 from the emergency department of a teaching hospital in Hong Kong. J Hosp Infect 2023:S0195-6701(23)00181-0. [PMID: 37315806 PMCID: PMC10259104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 exposure risk in the hospital setting may help improve infection control measures for prevention. AIM To monitor SARS-CoV-2 exposure risk among healthcare workers and to identify risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 detection. METHODS Surface and air samples were collected longitudinally over 14 months spanning 2020-2022 at the Emergency Department (ED) of a teaching hospital in Hong Kong. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was detected by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Ecological factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 detection were analysed by logistic regression. A sero-epidemiological study was conducted in January to April 2021 to monitor SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence. A questionnaire was used to collect information on job nature and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) of the participants. FINDINGS SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected at low frequencies from surfaces (0.7%, n=2562) and air samples (1.6%, n=128). Crowding was identified as the main risk factor, as weekly ED attendance (OR=1.002, p=0.04) and sampling after peak-hours of ED attendance (OR=5.216, p=0.03) were associated with the detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA from surfaces. The low exposure risk was corroborated by the zero seropositive rate among 281 participants by April 2021. CONCLUSION Crowding may introduce SARS-CoV-2 into ED through increased attendances. Multiple factors may have contributed to the low contamination of SARS-CoV-2 at the ED, including hospital infection control measures for screening ED attendees, high PPE compliance among healthcare workers, and various public health and social measures implemented to reduce community transmission in Hong Kong where a dynamic zero COVID-19 policy was adopted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Yung
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ling Yan Leung
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok Hung Lee
- Accident and Emergency Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Steven Morrell
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Min Whui Fong
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Nikki Ho Yan Fung
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kit Ling Cheng
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Prathanporn Kaewpreedee
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Eric Hy Lau
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - David Sc Hui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Colin A Graham
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Accident and Emergency Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Hui-Ling Yen
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen C, Liang J, Hu H, Li X, Wang L, Wang Z. Research progress in methods for detecting neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Anal Biochem 2023:115199. [PMID: 37257735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has seriously affected the lives of people worldwide. Clarifying the attenuation rule of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (NAb) in vivo is the key to prevent reinfection and recurrence of virus. Currently, the commonly used methods for detecting NAb include virus neutralization tests, pseudovirus neutralization assays, lateral flow immunochromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The detection of NAb not only can be used to evaluate the level of immunity after vaccination or infection but also can provide important theoretical support for virus reinfection, recurrence and vaccine iteration. In this research, the related technologies of SARS-CoV-2 NAb detection were reviewed, aiming to provide better research ideas for SARS-CoV-2 epidemic prevention and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Chen
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Hangzhan Hu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Xiaoquan Li
- Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Zhizeng Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mukherjee S, Manna S, Som N, Dhara S. Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanocomposites for Nanotheranostics: Special Focus on Preventing Emerging Variants of SARS-COV-2. BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS & DEVICES (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37363138 PMCID: PMC10187951 DOI: 10.1007/s44174-023-00077-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide emerging cases of various respiratory viral diseases and the current escalation of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) make people considerably attentive to controlling these viruses through innovative methods. Most re-emerging respiratory diseases envelop RNA viruses that employ attachment between the virus and host cell to get an entry form using the host cell machinery. Emerging variants of COVD-19 also bring about a constant threat to public health as it has wide infectivity and can quickly spread to infect humans. This review focuses on insights into the current investigations to prevent the progression of incipient variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) along with similar enveloped RNA viruses that cause respiratory illness in humans and animals. Nanotheranostics is a trailblazing arena of nanomedicine that simultaneously helps prevent or treat diseases and diagnoses. Nanoparticle coating and nanofibers were extensively explored, preventing viral contaminations. Several studies have proven the virucidal activities of metal nanoparticles like copper, silver, and titanium against respiratory viral pathogens. Worldwide many researchers have shown surfaces coated with ionic nanoparticles like zinc or titanium act as potent antiviral agents against RNA viruses. Carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, silica nanoparticles (NPs), polymeric and metallic nanoparticles have also been explored in the field of nanotheranostics in viral detection. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed different types of metallic, ionic, organic nanoparticles and their hybrids showing substantial antiviral properties to stop the progression of the novel coronavirus disease focused on three key classes: prevention, diagnostics, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Mukherjee
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Souvik Manna
- Clinical Microbiology & Antibiotic Research Laboratory, CSIR - Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nivedita Som
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vilibic-Cavlek T, Bogdanic M, Borko E, Hruskar Z, Zilic D, Ferenc T, Tabain I, Barbic L, Vujica Ferenc M, Ferencak I, Stevanovic V. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: Comparison of Enzyme Immunoassay, Surrogate Neutralization and Virus Neutralization Test. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:antib12020035. [PMID: 37218901 DOI: 10.3390/antib12020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since sensitivity and specificity vary widely between tests, SARS-CoV-2 serology results should be interpreted with caution. METHODS The study included serum samples from patients who had recovered from COVID-19 (n = 71), individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (n = 84), and asymptomatic individuals (n = 33). All samples were tested for the presence of binding antibodies (enzyme immunoassay; EIA), neutralizing (NT) antibodies (virus neutralization test; VNT), and surrogate NT (sNT) antibodies (surrogate virus neutralization test; sVNT) of SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2-binding antibodies were detected in 71 (100%) COVID-19 patients, 77 (91.6%) vaccinated individuals, and 4 (12.1%) control subjects. Among EIA-positive samples, VNT was positive (titer ≥ 8) in 100% of COVID-19 patients and 63 (75.0%) of the vaccinated individuals, while sVNT was positive (>30% inhibition) in 62 (87.3%) patients and 59 (70.2%) vaccinated individuals. The analysis of antibody levels showed a significant moderate positive correlation between EIA and VNT, a moderate positive correlation between EIA and sVNT, and a strong positive correlation between VNT and sVNT. The proportion of positive sVNT detection rate was associated with VNT titer. The lowest positivity (72.4%/70.8%) was detected in samples with low NT titers (8/16) and increased progressively from 88.2% in samples with titer 32 to 100% in samples with titer 256. CONCLUSIONS sVNT appeared to be a reliable method for the assessment COVID-19 serology in patients with high antibody levels, while false-negative results were frequently observed in patients with low NT titers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Bogdanic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ema Borko
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zeljka Hruskar
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Thomas Ferenc
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Tabain
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljubo Barbic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mateja Vujica Ferenc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Ferencak
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Stevanovic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yu MKL, Chan SHS, Cheng S, Leung D, Chan SM, Yan ASK, Wong WHS, Peiris M, Lau YL, Rosa Duque JS. Hesitancy, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the mRNA and whole-virus inactivated Covid-19 vaccines in pediatric neuromuscular diseases. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023:2206278. [PMID: 37157992 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2206278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mRNA-based BNT162b2 and inactivated whole-virus CoronaVac are two widely used COVID-19 vaccines that confer immune protection to healthy individuals. However, hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccination appeared to be common for patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) due to the paucity of data on the safety and efficacy in this high-risk patient population. Therefore, we examined the underlying factors associated with vaccine hesitancy across time for NMDs and assessed the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of these two vaccines. Patients aged 8-18 years with no cognitive delay were invited to complete surveys in January and April 2022. Patients aged 2-21 years were enrolled for COVID-19 vaccination between June 2021 and April 2022, and they recorded adverse reactions (ARs) for 7 days after vaccination. Peripheral blood was obtained before and within 49 days after vaccination to measure serological antibody responses compared to healthy children and adolescents. Forty-one patients completed vaccine hesitancy surveys for both timepoints, while 22 joined the reactogenicity and immunogenicity arm of the study. Two or more family members vaccinated against COVID-19 was positively associated with intention of vaccination (odds ratio 11.7, 95% CI 1.81-75.1, p = .010). Pain at the injection site, fatigue, and myalgia were the commonest ARs. Most ARs were mild (75.5%, n = 71/94). All 19 patients seroconverted against the wildtype SARS-CoV-2 after two doses of either vaccine, similar to 280 healthy counterparts. There was lower neutralization against the Omicron BA.1 variant. BNT162b2 and CoronaVac were safe and immunogenic for patients with NMDs, even in those on low-dose corticosteroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kwan Leung Yu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sophelia Hoi Shan Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Samuel Cheng
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Daniel Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sau Man Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Amy Suen Ka Yan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wilfred Hing Sang Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yu Lung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jaime S Rosa Duque
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Benabdessalem C, Hamouda WB, Marzouki S, Faye R, Mbow AA, Diouf B, Ndiaye O, Dia N, Faye O, Sall AA, Diagne CT, Amellal H, Ezzikouri S, Mioramalala DJN, Randrianarisaona F, Trabelsi K, Boumaiza M, Hamouda SB, Ouni R, Bchiri S, Chaaban A, Gdoura M, Gorgi Y, Sfar I, Yalaoui S, Khelil JB, Hamzaoui A, Abdallah M, Cherif Y, Petres S, Mok CKP, Escriou N, Quesney S, Dellagi K, Schoenhals M, Sarih M, Vigan-Womas I, Bettaieb J, Rourou S, Barbouche MR, Ahmed MB. Development and comparative evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD and N based ELISA tests in various African endemic settings. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 105:115903. [PMID: 36805620 PMCID: PMC9867841 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.115903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Management of the COVID-19 pandemic relies on molecular diagnostic methods supported by serological tools. Herein, we developed S-RBD- and N- based ELISA assays useful for infection rate surveillance as well as the follow-up of acquired protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. ELISA assays were optimized using COVID-19 Tunisian patients' sera and prepandemic controls. Assays were further validated in 3 African countries with variable endemic settings. The receiver operating curve was used to evaluate the assay performances. The N- and S-RBD-based ELISA assays performances, in Tunisia, were very high (AUC: 0.966 and 0.98, respectively, p < 0.0001). Cross-validation analysis showed similar performances in different settings. Cross-reactivity, with malaria infection, against viral antigens, was noticed. In head-to-head comparisons with different commercial assays, the developed assays showed high agreement. This study demonstrates, the added value of the developed serological assays in low-income countries, particularly in ethnically diverse populations with variable exposure to local endemic infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaouki Benabdessalem
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia; University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Wafa Ben Hamouda
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia; University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Marzouki
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia; University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | - Ndongo Dia
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | | | - Houda Amellal
- Department of Parasitology and Vectorial Diseases. Institut Pasteur du Maroc. Casablanca. Morocco
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Department of Parasitology and Vectorial Diseases. Institut Pasteur du Maroc. Casablanca. Morocco
| | | | | | - Khaled Trabelsi
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology, and Biotechnological Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Boumaiza
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology, and Biotechnological Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Ben Hamouda
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia; University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Ouni
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia; University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Bchiri
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia; University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amani Chaaban
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology, and Biotechnological Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Gdoura
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yousr Gorgi
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Immunology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Sfar
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Immunology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sadok Yalaoui
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Immunology, Abderrahmen Mami University Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Jalila Ben Khelil
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Intensive care unit, Abderrahmen Mami University Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Agnes Hamzaoui
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Pneumology Department Abderrahmen Mami University Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Meya Abdallah
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of internal Medicine, Yasminette Hospital, Ben Arous, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Cherif
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of internal Medicine, Yasminette Hospital, Ben Arous, Tunisia
| | | | - Chris Ka Pun Mok
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Koussay Dellagi
- Institut Pasteur de Paris, Paris, France; Pasteur Network, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Schoenhals
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur of Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - M'hammed Sarih
- Department of Parasitology and Vectorial Diseases. Institut Pasteur du Maroc. Casablanca. Morocco
| | | | - Jihene Bettaieb
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia; University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samia Rourou
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology, and Biotechnological Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ridha Barbouche
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia; University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and infectious diseases. College of Medicine and Medical sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Melika Ben Ahmed
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia; University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Polatoğlu I, Oncu‐Oner T, Dalman I, Ozdogan S. COVID-19 in early 2023: Structure, replication mechanism, variants of SARS-CoV-2, diagnostic tests, and vaccine & drug development studies. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e228. [PMID: 37041762 PMCID: PMC10082934 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronaviruses-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly pathogenic and transmissible coronavirus. Most cases of COVID-19 have mild to moderate symptoms, including cough, fever, myalgias, and headache. On the other hand, this coronavirus can lead to severe complications and death in some cases. Therefore, vaccination is the most effective tool to prevent and eradicate COVID-19 disease. Also, rapid and effective diagnostic tests are critical in identifying cases of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has a dynamic structure on the agenda and contains up-to-date developments. This article has comprehensively discussed the most up-to-date pandemic situation since it first appeared. For the first time, not only the structure, replication mechanism, and variants of SARS-CoV-2 (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Omicron, Delta, Epsilon, Kappa, Mu, Eta, Zeta, Theta, lota, Lambda) but also all the details of the pandemic, such as how it came out, how it spread, current cases, what precautions should be taken, prevention strategies, the vaccines produced, the tests developed, and the drugs used are reviewed in every aspect. Herein, the comparison of diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 in terms of procedure, accuracy, cost, and time has been presented. The mechanism, safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants have been evaluated. Drug studies, therapeutic targets, various immunomodulators, and antiviral molecules applied to patients with COVID-19 have been reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Polatoğlu
- Department of BioengineeringManisa Celal Bayar UniversityYunusemreManisaTurkey
| | - Tulay Oncu‐Oner
- Department of BioengineeringManisa Celal Bayar UniversityYunusemreManisaTurkey
| | - Irem Dalman
- Department of BioengineeringEge UniversityBornovaIzmirTurkey
| | - Senanur Ozdogan
- Department of BioengineeringManisa Celal Bayar UniversityYunusemreManisaTurkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim J, Kim C, Lee JA, Lee SJ, Lee KH, Kim JH, Ahn JY, Jeong SJ, Ku NS, Yeom JS, Song YG, Choi JY. Immunogenicity Differences of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine According to Pre-Existing Adenovirus Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040784. [PMID: 37112696 PMCID: PMC10145356 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the immunogenicity of, and reactogenicity to, the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine according to pre-existing adenovirus immunity. Individuals scheduled for COVID-19 vaccination were prospectively enrolled in a tertiary hospital with 2400 beds from March 2020 onwards. Pre-existing adenovirus immunity data was obtained before ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. A total of 68 adult patients administered two doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine were enrolled. Pre-existing adenovirus immunity was identified in 49 patients (72.1%), but not in the remaining 19 patients (27.9%). The geometric mean titer of S-specific IgG antibodies was statistically higher in individuals without pre-existing adenovirus immunity at several time points: before the second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose (56.4 (36.6–125.0) vs. 51.0 (17.9–122.3), p = 0.024), 2–3 weeks after the second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose (629.5 (451.5–926.5) vs. 555.0 (287.3–926.0), p = 0.049), and 3 months after the second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose (274.5 (160.5–655.3) vs. 176.0 (94.3–255.3), p = 0.033). In the absence of pre-existing adenovirus immunity, systemic events were observed with higher frequency, especially chills (73.7% vs. 31.9%, p = 0.002). In conclusion, individuals without pre-existing adenovirus immunity showed a higher immune response to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination and a higher frequency of reactogenicity to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinnam Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyup Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ah Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Ju Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Ahn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Jeong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Su Ku
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Sup Yeom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Goo Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kumar D, Roy SS, Rastogi R, Arora K, Undale A, Gupta R, Arora NM, Kundu PK. VLP-ELISA for the Detection of IgG Antibodies against Spike, Envelope, and Membrane Antigens of SARS-CoV-2 in Indian Population. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040743. [PMID: 37112655 PMCID: PMC10145915 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Serological methods to conduct epidemiological survey are often directed only against the spike protein. To overcome this limitation, we have designed PRAK-03202, a virus-like particle (VLP), by inserting three antigens (Spike, envelope and membrane) of SARS-CoV-2 into a highly characterized S. cerevisiae-based D-Crypt™ platform. Methods: Dot blot analysis was performed to confirm the presence of S, E, and M proteins in PRAK-03202. The number of particles in PRAK-03202 was measured using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The sensitivity of VLP-ELISA was evaluated in 100 COVID positive. PRAK-03202 was produced at a 5 L scale using fed-batch fermentation. Results: Dot blot confirmed the presence of S, E, and M proteins in PRAK-03202. The number of particles in PRAK-03202 was 1.21 × 109 mL−1. In samples collected >14 days after symptom onset, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of VLP-ELISA were 96%. We did not observe any significant differences in sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy when post-COVID-19 samples were used as negative controls compared to pre-COVID-samples. At a scale of 5 L, the total yield of PRAK-03202 was 100–120 mg/L. Conclusion: In conclusion, we have successfully developed an in-house VLP-ELISA to detect IgG antibodies against three antigens of SARS-CoV-2 as a simple and affordable alternative test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar
- Research and Developmental Laboratory, Premas Biotech Private Limited, Sector 4, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 122050, India (R.G.)
| | - Sourav Singha Roy
- Research and Developmental Laboratory, Premas Biotech Private Limited, Sector 4, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 122050, India (R.G.)
| | - Ruchir Rastogi
- Research and Developmental Laboratory, Premas Biotech Private Limited, Sector 4, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 122050, India (R.G.)
| | - Kajal Arora
- Research and Developmental Laboratory, Premas Biotech Private Limited, Sector 4, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 122050, India (R.G.)
| | - Avinash Undale
- Research and Developmental Laboratory, Premas Biotech Private Limited, Sector 4, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 122050, India (R.G.)
| | - Reeshu Gupta
- Research and Developmental Laboratory, Premas Biotech Private Limited, Sector 4, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 122050, India (R.G.)
- Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Nupur Mehrotra Arora
- Research and Developmental Laboratory, Premas Biotech Private Limited, Sector 4, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 122050, India (R.G.)
| | - Prabuddha K. Kundu
- Research and Developmental Laboratory, Premas Biotech Private Limited, Sector 4, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 122050, India (R.G.)
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee SK, Yim B, Park J, Kim NG, Kim BS, Park Y, Yoon YK, Kim J. Method for the Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2-Neutralizing Antibodies Using a Nanogel-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:2195-2202. [PMID: 37552750 PMCID: PMC9969888 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c02187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is closely related to the serum levels of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies (NAb) that bind to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Therefore, the rapid and quantitative measurement of SARS-CoV-2 NAb in the sera of vaccinated individuals is essential to develop an effective vaccine and further achieve population immunity, that is, herd immunity. The plaque reduction neutralization test, the gold standard for NAb effectiveness in serological tests, is accurate but requires biosafety level 3 facilities because of the use of the virus, which hampers its application in common laboratories and clinical practice. Here, we developed a bioresponsive nanogel-based surface plasmon resonance (nSPR) platform that detects SARS-CoV-2 NAb in clinical samples without complicated pretreatment. We found that multivalent protein binding (MPB) between the nanogel-conjugated RBD protein and SARS-CoV-2 NAb yields significantly enhanced SPR signals compared to the nonspecific interference from serum proteins in the nSPR assay. The excellence of our nanogel-based SARS-CoV-2 NAb test is due to its selectivity for NAb, with resistance to all other proteins, allowing the rapid detection and quantification of NAbs in each individual. Importantly, this nSPR assay provides a NAb detection platform for easier and safer COVID-19 vaccination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kyoung Lee
- R&D Center, Scholar Foxtrot Co.
Ltd., Seoul 02796, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of
Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of
Korea
| | - Bora Yim
- R&D Center, Scholar Foxtrot Co.
Ltd., Seoul 02796, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of
Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of
Korea
| | - Jinseul Park
- R&D Center, Scholar Foxtrot Co.
Ltd., Seoul 02796, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Gun Kim
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Research
Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul 13818, Republic
of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal
Medicine, Anam Hospital Korea University Medical Center, Seoul
02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongdoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of
Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of
Korea
| | - Young Kyung Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of
Internal Medicine, Anam Hospital Korea University Medical
Center, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseong Kim
- R&D Center, Scholar Foxtrot Co.
Ltd., Seoul 02796, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of
Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gattinger P, Ohradanova-Repic A, Valenta R. Importance, Applications and Features of Assays Measuring SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065352. [PMID: 36982424 PMCID: PMC10048970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
More than three years ago, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the unforeseen COVID-19 pandemic with millions of deaths. In the meantime, SARS-CoV-2 has become endemic and is now part of the repertoire of viruses causing seasonal severe respiratory infections. Due to several factors, among them the development of SARS-CoV-2 immunity through natural infection, vaccination and the current dominance of seemingly less pathogenic strains belonging to the omicron lineage, the COVID-19 situation has stabilized. However, several challenges remain and the possible new occurrence of highly pathogenic variants remains a threat. Here we review the development, features and importance of assays measuring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). In particular we focus on in vitro infection assays and molecular interaction assays studying the binding of the receptor binding domain (RBD) with its cognate cellular receptor ACE2. These assays, but not the measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies per se, can inform us of whether antibodies produced by convalescent or vaccinated subjects may protect against the infection and thus have the potential to predict the risk of becoming newly infected. This information is extremely important given the fact that a considerable number of subjects, in particular vulnerable persons, respond poorly to the vaccination with the production of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, these assays allow to determine and evaluate the virus-neutralizing capacity of antibodies induced by vaccines and administration of plasma-, immunoglobulin preparations, monoclonal antibodies, ACE2 variants or synthetic compounds to be used for therapy of COVID-19 and assist in the preclinical evaluation of vaccines. Both types of assays can be relatively quickly adapted to newly emerging virus variants to inform us about the magnitude of cross-neutralization, which may even allow us to estimate the risk of becoming infected by newly appearing virus variants. Given the paramount importance of the infection and interaction assays we discuss their specific features, possible advantages and disadvantages, technical aspects and not yet fully resolved issues, such as cut-off levels predicting the degree of in vivo protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Gattinger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Ohradanova-Repic
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Leung D, Cohen CA, Mu X, Rosa Duque J, Cheng SMS, Wang X, Wang M, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Tam I, Lam JHY, Chan SM, Chaothai S, Kwan KKH, Chan KCK, Li J, Luk LLH, Tsang LCH, Chu N, Wong WHS, Mori M, Leung W, Valkenburg S, Peiris M, Tu W, Lau YL. Immunogenicity against wild-type and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 after a third dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adolescents. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1106837. [PMID: 36949953 PMCID: PMC10026957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine CoronaVac cannot elicit high efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19, especially against the Omicron variant, but that can be improved by a third dose in adults. The use of a third dose of CoronaVac in adolescents may be supported by immunobridging studies in the absence of efficacy data. Methods With an immunobridging design, our study (NCT04800133) tested the non-inferiority of the binding and neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses induced by a third dose of CoronaVac in healthy adolescents (N=94, median age 14.2 years, 56% male) compared to adults (N=153, median age 48.1 years, 44% male). Responses against wild-type (WT) and BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 were compared in adolescents. Safety and reactogenicity were also monitored. Results A homologous third dose of CoronaVac further enhanced antibody response in adolescents compared to just 2 doses. Adolescents mounted non-inferior antibody and T cell responses compared to adults. Although S IgG and neutralizing antibody responses to BA.1 were lower than to WT, they remained detectable in 96% and 86% of adolescents. T cell responses to peptide pools spanning only the mutations of BA.1 S, N and M in adolescents were preserved, increased, and halved compared to WT respectively. No safety concerns were identified. Discussion The primary vaccination series of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for adolescents should include 3 doses for improved humoral immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Carolyn A. Cohen
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaofeng Mu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jaime S. Rosa Duque
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samuel M. S. Cheng
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiwei Wang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Manni Wang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenyue Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Issan Y. S. Tam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jennifer H. Y. Lam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sau Man Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sara Chaothai
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kelvin K. H. Kwan
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Karl C. K. Chan
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John K. C. Li
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Leo L. H. Luk
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Leo C. H. Tsang
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nym Coco Chu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wilfred H. S. Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Masashi Mori
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Wing Hang Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sophie Valkenburg
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Immunology & Infection C2i, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenwei Tu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Lung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhao T, Liang P, Ren J, Zhu J, Yang X, Bian H, Li J, Cui X, Fu C, Xing J, Wen C, Zeng J. Gold-silver alloy hollow nanoshells-based lateral flow immunoassay for colorimetric, photothermal, and SERS tri-mode detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1255:341102. [PMID: 37032051 PMCID: PMC10026621 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Although many approaches have been developed for the quick assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, few of them are devoted to the detection of the neutralizing antibody, which is essential for assessing the effectiveness of vaccines. Herein, we developed a tri-mode lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) platform based on gold-silver alloy hollow nanoshells (Au-Ag HNSs) for the sensitive and accurate quantification of neutralizing antibodies. By tuning the shell-to-core ratio, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band of the Au-Ag HNSs is located within the near infrared (NIR) region, endowing them with an excellent photothermal effect under the irradiation of optical maser at 808 nm. Further, the Raman reporter molecule 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) was immobilized on the gold-silver alloy nanoshell to obtain an enhanced SERS signal. Thus, these Au-Ag HNSs could provide colorimetric, photothermal and SERS signals, with which, tri-mode strips for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody detection were constructed by competitive immunoassay. Since these three kinds of signals could complement one another, a more accurate detection was achieved. The tri-mode LFIA achieved a quantitative detection with detection limit of 20 ng/mL. Moreover, it also successfully detected the serum samples from 98 vaccinated volunteers with 79 positive results, exhibiting great application value in neutralizing antibody detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Penghui Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Jinyue Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Xianning Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Hongyu Bian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Jingwen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Cui
- Qingdao Henderson Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Chunhui Fu
- Qingdao Henderson Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Jinyan Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Congying Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China.
| | - Jingbin Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Low Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Canine and Feline Serum Samples Collected during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Hong Kong and Korea. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020582. [PMID: 36851796 PMCID: PMC9967295 DOI: 10.3390/v15020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide since its emergence in 2019. Knowing the potential capacity of the virus to adapt to other species, the serological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in susceptible animals is important. Hong Kong and Seoul are two of Asia's most densely populated urban cities, where companion animals often live in close contact with humans. Sera collected from 1040 cats and 855 dogs during the early phase of the pandemic in Hong Kong and Seoul were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using an ELISA that detects antibodies against the receptor binding domain of the viral spike protein. Positive sera were also tested for virus neutralizing antibodies using a surrogate virus neutralization (sVNT) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Among feline sera, 4.51% and 2.54% of the samples from Korea and Hong Kong, respectively, tested ELISA positive. However, only 1.64% of the samples from Korea and 0.18% from Hong Kong tested positive by sVNT, while only 0.41% of samples from Korea tested positive by PRNT. Among canine samples, 4.94% and 6.46% from Korea and Hong Kong, respectively, tested positive by ELISA, while only 0.29% of sera from Korea were positive on sVNT and no canine sera tested positive by PRNT. These results confirm a low seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in companion animals in Korea and Hong Kong. The discordance between the RBD-ELISA and neutralization tests may indicate possible ELISA cross-reactivity with other coronaviruses, especially in canine sera.
Collapse
|
40
|
Performance Evaluation of RapiSure (EDGC) COVID-19 S1 RBD IgG/Neutralizing Ab Test for the Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040643. [PMID: 36832131 PMCID: PMC9955181 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate detection of anti-neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can aid in the understanding of the development of protective immunity against COVID-19. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of the RapiSure (EDGC) COVID-19 S1 RBD IgG/Neutralizing Ab Test. Using the 90% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90) as a reference, 200 serum samples collected from 78 COVID-19-positive and 122 COVID-19-negative patients were divided into 76 PRNT90-positive and 124 PRNT90-negative groups. The ability of the RapiSure test to detect antibodies was compared to that of the STANDARD Q COVID-19 IgM/IgG Plus test and that of PRNT90. The positive, negative, and overall percent agreement between the RapiSure and STANDARD Q test was 95.7%, 89.3%, and 91.5%, respectively, with a Cohen's kappa of 0.82. The RapiSure neutralizing antibody test results revealed a sensitivity of 93.4% and a specificity of 100% compared to the PRNT results, with an overall percent agreement of 97.5% and Cohen's kappa of 0.95. The diagnostic performance of the RapiSure test was in good agreement with the STANDARD Q COVID-19 IgM/IgG Plus test and comparable to that of the PRNT. The RapiSure S1 RBD IgG/Neutralizing Ab Test was found to be convenient and reliable and, thus, can provide valuable information for rapid clinical decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
|
41
|
Hassebroek AM, Sooryanarain H, Heffron CL, Hawks SA, LeRoith T, Cecere TE, Stone WB, Walter D, Mahsoub HM, Wang B, Tian D, Ivester HM, Allen IC, Auguste AJ, Duggal NK, Zhang C, Meng XJ. A hepatitis B virus core antigen-based virus-like particle vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2 B and T cell epitopes induces epitope-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses but confers limited protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28503. [PMID: 36655751 PMCID: PMC9974889 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) tolerates insertion of foreign epitopes and maintains its ability to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs). We constructed a ∆HBcAg-based VLP vaccine expressing three predicted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B and T cell epitopes and determined its immunogenicity and protective efficacy. The recombinant ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and shown to form VLPs. K18-hACE2 transgenic C57BL/6 mice were immunized intramuscularly with ∆HBcAg VLP control (n = 15) or ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 VLP vaccine (n = 15). One week after the 2nd booster and before virus challenge, five ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated mice were euthanized to evaluate epitope-specific immune responses. There is a statistically significant increase in epitope-specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) response, and statistically higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression levels in ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 VLP-vaccinated mice compared to ∆HBcAg VLP controls. While not statistically significant, the ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 VLP mice had numerically more memory CD8+ T-cells, and 3/5 mice also had numerically higher levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). After challenge with SARS-CoV-2, ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 immunized mice had numerically lower viral RNA loads in the lung, and slightly higher survival, but the differences are not statistically significant. These results indicate that the ∆HBcAg-SARS-CoV-2 VLP vaccine elicits epitope-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses but they were insufficient against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Hassebroek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Harini Sooryanarain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - C. Lynn Heffron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Seth A. Hawks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Thomas E. Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - William B. Stone
- Department of Entomology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Debra Walter
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Hassan M. Mahsoub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Debin Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Hannah M. Ivester
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Albert J. Auguste
- Department of Entomology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Nisha K. Duggal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Chenming Zhang
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Xiang-Jin Meng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ransome E, Hobbs F, Jones S, Coleman CM, Harris ND, Woodward G, Bell T, Trew J, Kolarević S, Kračun-Kolarević M, Savolainen V. Evaluating the transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 from sewage pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159161. [PMID: 36191696 PMCID: PMC9525188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated sewage has been confirmed in many countries but its incidence and infection risk in contaminated waters is poorly understood. The River Thames in the UK receives untreated sewage from 57 Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs), with many discharging dozens of times per year. This study investigated if such discharges provide a pathway for environmental transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Samples of wastewater, surface water, and sediment collected close to six CSOs on the River Thames were assayed over eight months for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and infectious virus. Bivalves were also sampled as an indicator species of viral bioaccumulation. Sediment and water samples from the Danube and Sava rivers in Serbia, where raw sewage is also discharged in high volumes, were assayed as a positive control. No evidence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA or infectious virus was found in UK samples, in contrast to RNA positive samples from Serbia. Furthermore, this study shows that infectious SARS-CoV-2 inoculum is stable in Thames water and sediment for <3 days, while SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detectable for at least seven days. This indicates that dilution of wastewater likely limits environmental transmission, and that detection of viral RNA alone is not an indication of pathogen spillover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Ransome
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK.
| | - F Hobbs
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - S Jones
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - C M Coleman
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - N D Harris
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - G Woodward
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - T Bell
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - J Trew
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - S Kolarević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Kračun-Kolarević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V Savolainen
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Diezma-Díaz C, Álvarez-García G, Regidor-Cerrillo J, Miró G, Villanueva-Saz S, Dolores Pérez M, Verde MT, Galán-Malo P, Brun A, Moreno S, Checa R, Montoya A, Van Voorhis WC, Ortega-Mora LM. A comparative study of eight serological methods shows that spike protein-based ELISAs are the most accurate tests for serodiagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infections in cats and dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1121935. [PMID: 36777670 PMCID: PMC9909348 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Monitoring the infection in pets is recommended for human disease surveillance, prevention, and control since the virus can spread from people to animals during close contact. Several diagnostic tests have been adapted from humans to animals, but limited data on the validation process are available. Methods Herein, the first comparative study of six "in house" and two commercial serological tests developed to monitor SARS-CoV-2 infection in pets was performed with a well-coded panel of sera (61 cat sera and 74 dog sera) with a conservative criterion (viral seroneutralisation and/or RT-qPCR results) as a reference. Four "in house" tests based on either the RBD fragment of the spike protein (RBD-S) or the N-terminal fragment of the nucleoprotein (N) were developed for the first time. The analytical specificity (ASp) of those tests that showed the best diagnostic performance was assessed. The validation included the analysis of a panel of sera obtained pre-pandemic from cats and dogs infected with other coronaviruses to determine the analytical Sp (17 cat sera and 41 dog sera). Results and discussion ELISAS based on the S protein are recommended in serosurveillance studies for cats (RBD-S SALUVET ELISA, ELISA COVID UNIZAR and INgezim® COVID 19 S VET) and dogs (INgezim® COVID 19 S VET and RBD-S SALUVET ELISA). These tests showed higher diagnostic sensitivity (Se) and DSp in cats (>90%) than in dogs. When sera obtained prior to the pandemic and from animals infected with other coronaviruses were analyzed by RBD-S and N SALUVET ELISAs and INgezim® COVID 19 S VET, a few cross reactors or no cross reactions were detected when dog and cat sera were analyzed by tests based on the S protein, respectively. In contrast, the number of cross reactions increased when the test was based on the N protein. Thus, the use of tests based on the N protein was discarded for serodiagnosis purposes. The results obtained revealed the most accurate serological tests for each species. Further studies should attempt to improve the diagnostic performance of serological tests developed for dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Diezma-Díaz
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
- SALUVET-Innova S.L., Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Álvarez-García
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Regidor-Cerrillo
- SALUVET-Innova S.L., Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Miró
- PetParasiteLab, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza University and Agro-food Research and Technology Centre of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Dolores Pérez
- Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2) Zaragoza University and Agro-food Research and Technology Centre of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Teresa Verde
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza University and Agro-food Research and Technology Centre of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Brun
- Animal Health Research Centre, Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology/Spanish National Research Council (INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Animal Health Research Centre, Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology/Spanish National Research Council (INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Checa
- PetParasiteLab, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Montoya
- PetParasiteLab, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wesley C. Van Voorhis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zeng Y, Lin C, Liu C, Huang C, Chen F, Cao Y, Wu S, Wei D, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Teng J, Li Z, Hong G, Yang T, Ye H, Tu H, Xiao Y, Huang L, Zhang J, Chen T, Li J, Ji F, Ou Q. Evaluating the value of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection and neutralizing responses with euvirus: A population of 10776 close contacts in the epidemic of Fujian. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 539:237-243. [PMID: 36572136 PMCID: PMC9783188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleic acid detection represents limitations due to its false-negative rate and technical complexity in the COVID-19 pandemic. Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody tests are widely spread all over the world presently. However, there is no report on the effectiveness of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing methods in China. METHODS We gathered 10776 serum samples from close contacts of the SARS-CoV-2 infections in Fujian of China and used 2 chemiluminescence immunoassays (Wantai Bio., Yahuilong Bio.) and 2 lateral flow immunoassays (Lizhu Bio. and Dongfang Bio.) to perform the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests in China. RESULTS The 4 antibody tests have great diagnostic value for infected or uninfected, especially in the neutralizing antibodies tests, the AUC can reach 0.939 (Wantai Bio.) and 0.916 (Yahuilong Bio.). Furthermore, we used pseudoviruses and euvirus neutralization assay to validate the effectiveness of these antibody test, the results of pseudoviruses neutralization assay or euvirus neutralization assay shows a considerable correlation with the 4 antibody detection respectively, particularly in euvirus neutralization assay, neutralizing antibodies detected by Wantai Bio. or Yahuilong Bio., the correlation can get the level of 0.93 or 0.82. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study demonstrate that the detections of antibodies have profound value in the diagnosis of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Caorui Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Chun Huang
- Fujian Medical Association, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Falin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Yingping Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Siying Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Donghong Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Zhong Lin
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Yali Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, School of Public Health and School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Land Force No.73 Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Jing Teng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Xiamen Hospital, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Zishun Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Guolin Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic Testing, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Tianci Yang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Huiming Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Haijian Tu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, PR China
| | - Yupeng Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Putian Municipal First Hospital, Putian, PR China
| | - Lishan Huang
- Fujian Provincial Healthcare Center, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Tianbin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Fusui Ji
- Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PR China.
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shoute LCT, Abdelrasoul GN, Ma Y, Duarte PA, Edwards C, Zhuo R, Zeng J, Feng Y, Charlton CL, Kanji JN, Babiuk S, Chen J. Label-free impedimetric immunosensor for point-of-care detection of COVID-19 antibodies. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:3. [PMID: 36597510 PMCID: PMC9805445 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed enormous challenges for existing diagnostic tools to detect and monitor pathogens. Therefore, there is a need to develop point-of-care (POC) devices to perform fast, accurate, and accessible diagnostic methods to detect infections and monitor immune responses. Devices most amenable to miniaturization and suitable for POC applications are biosensors based on electrochemical detection. We have developed an impedimetric immunosensor based on an interdigitated microelectrode array (IMA) to detect and monitor SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human serum. Conjugation chemistry was applied to functionalize and covalently immobilize the spike protein (S-protein) of SARS-CoV-2 on the surface of the IMA to serve as the recognition layer and specifically bind anti-spike antibodies. Antibodies bound to the S-proteins in the recognition layer result in an increase in capacitance and a consequent change in the impedance of the system. The impedimetric immunosensor is label-free and uses non-Faradaic impedance with low nonperturbing AC voltage for detection. The sensitivity of a capacitive immunosensor can be enhanced by simply tuning the ionic strength of the sample solution. The device exhibits an LOD of 0.4 BAU/ml, as determined from the standard curve using WHO IS for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins; this LOD is similar to the corresponding LODs reported for all validated and established commercial assays, which range from 0.41 to 4.81 BAU/ml. The proof-of-concept biosensor has been demonstrated to detect anti-spike antibodies in sera from patients infected with COVID-19 within 1 h. Photolithographically microfabricated interdigitated microelectrode array sensor chips & label-free impedimetric detection of COVID-19 antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian C. T. Shoute
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Gaser N. Abdelrasoul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Yuhao Ma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Pedro A. Duarte
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Cole Edwards
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Ran Zhuo
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Yiwei Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Carmen L. Charlton
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7 Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute for Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Jamil N. Kanji
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7 Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kharroubi G, Cherif I, Ghawar W, Dhaouadi N, Yazidi R, Chaabane S, Snoussi MA, Salem S, Ben Hammouda W, Ben Hammouda S, Gharbi A, Bel Haj Hmida N, Rourou S, Dellagi K, Barbouche MR, Benabdessalem C, Ben Ahmed M, Bettaieb J. Incidence and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection among workers in a public health laboratory in Tunisia. Arch Virol 2023; 168:69. [PMID: 36658402 PMCID: PMC9851900 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure the extent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among workers at the Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), a public health laboratory involved in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia, and to identify risk factors for infection in this occupational setting. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on IPT workers not vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Participants completed a questionnaire that included a history of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immunoglobulin G antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the spike antigen (anti-S-RBD IgG) and the nucleocapsid protein (anti-N IgG) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). A multivariate analysis was used to identify factors significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 428 workers were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of anti-S-RBD and/or anti-N IgG antibodies was 32.9% [28.7-37.4]. The cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (positive serology and/or previous positive RT-PCR test) was 40.0% [35.5-44.9], while the proportion with asymptomatic infection was 32.9%. One-third of the participants with RT-PCR-confirmed infection tested seronegative more than 90 days postinfection. Participants aged over 40 and laborers were more susceptible to infection (adjusted OR [AOR] = 1.65 [1.08-2.51] and AOR = 2.67 [1.45-4.89], respectively), while tobacco smokers had a lower risk of infection (AOR = 0.54 [0.29-0.97]). The SARS-CoV-2 infection rate among IPT workers was not significantly different from that detected concurrently in the general population. Hence, the professional activities conducted in this public health laboratory did not generate additional risk to that incurred outside the institute in day-to-day activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghassen Kharroubi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur BP-74, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia ,Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ines Cherif
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur BP-74, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia ,Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wissem Ghawar
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur BP-74, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia ,Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nawel Dhaouadi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur BP-74, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Yazidi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur BP-74, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia ,Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sana Chaabane
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur BP-74, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia ,Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Snoussi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur BP-74, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia ,Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sadok Salem
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur BP-74, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia ,Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Ben Hammouda
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Ben Hammouda
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Adel Gharbi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur BP-74, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia ,Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Bel Haj Hmida
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur BP-74, 1002 Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia ,Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samia Rourou
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Koussay Dellagi
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia ,grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur Network, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chaouki Benabdessalem
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Melika Ben Ahmed
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jihène Bettaieb
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur BP-74, 1002, Tunis Belvedere, Tunisia. .,Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen Y, Li C, Liu F, Ye Z, Song W, Lee ACY, Shuai H, Lu L, To KKW, Chan JFW, Zhang AJ, Chu H, Yuen KY. Age-associated SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection and changes in immune response in a mouse model. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:368-383. [PMID: 34989330 PMCID: PMC8794076 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2026741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Older individuals are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In addition, how age modulates SARS-CoV-2 re-infection and vaccine breakthrough infections remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated age-associated SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, immune responses, and the occurrence of re-infection and vaccine breakthrough infection utilizing a wild-type C57BL/6N mouse model. We demonstrated that interferon and adaptive antibody response upon SARS-CoV-2 challenge are significantly impaired in aged mice compared to young mice, which results in more effective virus replications and severe disease manifestations in the respiratory tract. Aged mice also showed increased susceptibility to re-infection due to insufficient immune protection acquired during the primary infection. Importantly, two-dose COVID-19 mRNA vaccination conferred limited adaptive immune response among the aged mice, making them susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Collectively, our findings call for tailored and optimized treatments and prevention strategies against SARS-CoV-2 among older individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feifei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Andrew C. Y. Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiping Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Academician Workstation of Hainan Province and Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anna Jinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Academician Workstation of Hainan Province and Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Omma A, Batirel A, Aydin M, Yilmaz Karadag F, Erden A, Kucuksahin O, Armagan B, Güven SC, Karakas O, Gokdemir S, Altunal LN, Buber AA, Gemcioglu E, Zengin O, Inan O, Sahiner ES, Korukluoglu G, Sezer Z, Ozdarendeli A, Kara A, Ates I. Safety and immunogenicity of inactive vaccines as booster doses for COVID-19 in Türkiye: A randomized trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2122503. [PMID: 36315843 PMCID: PMC9746394 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2122503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective neutralizing antibody titers reduce in time after COVID-19 vaccinations, as in individuals who have had COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of CoronaVac and TURKOVAC vaccines used as a booster dose after CoronaVac primary vaccination. This double-blind, randomized, controlled, phase II, multicenter study included healthy male and female adults (18-60 years) who were vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac vaccine and did not exceed the duration of at least 90 days and a maximum of 270 days from the second dose of vaccination. Among 236 eligible volunteers, 222 were recruited for randomization between July 12, 2021 and September 10, 2021; 108 and 114 were randomized to the TURKOVAC and CoronaVac arms, respectively. The primary endpoint was adverse events (AEs) (ClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier: NCT04979949). On day 28, at the neutralizing antibody threshold of 1/6, the positivity rate reached 100% from 46.2% to 98.2% from 52.6% in the TURKOVAC and CoronaVac arms, respectively, against the Wuhan variant and the positivity rate reached 80.6% from 8.7% in the TURKOVAC arm vs. 71.9% from 14.0% in the CoronaVac arm against the Delta variant. IgG spike antibody positivity rate increased from 57.3% to 98.1% and from 57.9% to 97.4% in the TURKOVAC and CoronaVac arms, respectively. The TURKOVAC and CoronaVac arms were comparable regarding the frequency of overall AEs. Both vaccines administered as booster yielded higher antibody titers with acceptable safety profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Omma
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye,CONTACT Ahmet Omma Clinic of Rheumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara06800, Turkey
| | - Ayse Batirel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, International Medical School, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mehtap Aydin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Yilmaz Karadag
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Orhan Kucuksahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University School of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Berkan Armagan
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | | | - Ozlem Karakas
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Selim Gokdemir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Lutfiye Nilsun Altunal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Aslihan Ayse Buber
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Emin Gemcioglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Oguzhan Zengin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Osman Inan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Enes Seyda Sahiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Gulay Korukluoglu
- National Virology Reference Laboratory, General Directorate of Public Health, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Zafer Sezer
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Aykut Ozdarendeli
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye,Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Ates Kara
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye,Head of Türkiye Vaccine Institute, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ihsan Ates
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Effect of Previous COVID-19 Vaccination on Humoral Immunity 3 Months after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection and Booster Effect of a Fourth COVID-19 Vaccination 2 Months after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112458. [PMID: 36366556 PMCID: PMC9695529 DOI: 10.3390/v14112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on 3-month immune response and durability after natural infection by the Omicron variant and to assess the immune response to a fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with prior natural infection with the Omicron variant. Overall, 86 patients aged ≥60 years with different vaccination histories and 39 health care workers (HCWs) vaccinated thrice before Omicron infection were enrolled. The sVNT50 titer was significantly lower in patients with incomplete vaccination before SARS-CoV-2 infection with the S clade (p < 0.001), Delta variant (p < 0.001), or Omicron variant (p = 0.003) than in those vaccinated thrice. The sVNT results against the Omicron variant did not differ significantly in patients aged ≥60 years (p = 0.49) and HCWs (p = 0.17), regardless of the recipient receiving the fourth dose 2 months after COVID-19. Incomplete COVID-19 vaccination before Omicron infection for individuals aged ≥60 years conferred limited protection against homologous and heterologous virus strains, whereas two or three doses of the vaccine provided cross-variant humoral immunity against Omicron infection for at least 3 months. However, a fourth dose 2 months after Omicron infection did not enhance immunity against the homologous strain. A future strategy using the bivalent Omicron-containing booster vaccine with appropriate timing will be crucial.
Collapse
|
50
|
Evidence of Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Dogs and Cats from Households and Animal Shelters in Korea. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202786. [PMID: 36290173 PMCID: PMC9597771 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was caused by the zoonotic SARS-CoV-2. A variety of animals involved in human life worldwide have been investigated for infection. As the degree of infection increased, extensive monitoring in animals became necessary to determine the degree of infection in animals. The study was conducted on a sample of dogs and cats, which were randomly sampled according to the number of confirmed cases in the region. Animals from both COVID-19-confirmed households and generally disease-negative families and animal shelters were included. Tests included real-time qPCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 antigens, ELISA for antibodies, and plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) for neutralizing antibodies. As a result, SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was detected in 2 cats out of 1018 pets (672 dogs and 346 cats). A total of 16 dogs (2.38%) and 18 cats (5.20%) tested positive using ELISA, and 14 dogs (2.08%) and 17 cats (4.91%) tested positive using PRNT. Antigens of- and/or antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in the animals regardless of whether the companion family was infected; this was the case even in animal shelters, which have been regarded as relatively safe from transmission. In conclusion, continuous viral circulation between humans and animals is inevitable; therefore, continuous monitoring in animals is required.
Collapse
|