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Scholefield M, Church SJ, Xu J, Patassini S, Cooper GJ. Localized Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) Reductions Present Throughout the Dementia with Lewy Bodies Brain. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:965-976. [PMID: 38820022 PMCID: PMC11307062 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-240075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Localized pantothenic acid deficiencies have been observed in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), and Huntington's disease (HD), indicating downstream energetic pathway perturbations. However, no studies have yet been performed to see whether such deficiencies occur across the dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) brain, or what the pattern of such dysregulation may be. Objective Firstly, this study aimed to quantify pantothenic acid levels across ten regions of the brain in order to determine the localization of any pantothenic acid dysregulation in DLB. Secondly, the localization of pantothenic acid alterations was compared to that previously in AD, PDD, and HD brains. Methods Pantothenic acid levels were determined in 20 individuals with DLB and 19 controls by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) across ten brain regions. Case-control differences were determined by nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test, with the calculation of S-values, risk ratios, E-values, and effect sizes. The results were compared with those previously obtained in DLB, AD, and HD. Results Pantothenic acid levels were significantly decreased in six of the ten investigated brain regions: the pons, substantia nigra, motor cortex, middle temporal gyrus, primary visual cortex, and hippocampus. This level of pantothenic acid dysregulation is most similar to that of the AD brain, in which pantothenic acid is also decreased in the motor cortex, middle temporal gyrus, primary visual cortex, and hippocampus. DLB appears to differ from other neurodegenerative diseases in being the only of the four to not show pantothenic acid dysregulation in the cerebellum. Conclusions Pantothenic acid deficiency appears to be a shared mechanism of several neurodegenerative diseases, although differences in the localization of this dysregulation may contribute to the differing clinical pathways observed in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Scholefield
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephanie J. Church
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jingshu Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stefano Patassini
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Garth J.S. Cooper
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand
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2
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Munteanu C, Schwartz B. B Vitamins, Glucoronolactone and the Immune System: Bioavailability, Doses and Efficiency. Nutrients 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 38201854 PMCID: PMC10780850 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present review deals with two main ingredients of energy/power drinks: B vitamins and glucuronolactone and their possible effect on the immune system. There is a strong relationship between the recommended daily dose of selected B vitamins and a functional immune system. Regarding specific B vitamins: (1) Riboflavin is necessary for the optimization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the fight against bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. (2) Niacin administered within normal doses to obese rats can change the phenotype of skeletal fibers, and thereby affect muscle metabolism. This metabolic phenotype induced by niacin treatment is also confirmed by stimulation of the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of free fatty acids (FFAs) and oxidative phosphorylation at this level. (3) Vitamin B5 effects depend primarily on the dose, thus large doses can cause diarrhea or functional disorders of the digestive tract whereas normal levels are effective in wound healing, liver detoxification, and joint health support. (4) High vitamin B6 concentrations (>2000 mg per day) have been shown to exert a significant negative impact on the dorsal root ganglia. Whereas, at doses of approximately 70 ng/mL, sensory symptoms were reported in 80% of cases. (5) Chronic increases in vitamin B12 have been associated with the increased incidence of solid cancers. Additionally, glucuronolactone, whose effects are not well known, represents a controversial compound. (6) Supplementing with D-glucarates, such as glucuronolactone, may help the body's natural defense system function better to inhibit different tumor promoters and carcinogens and their consequences. Cumulatively, the present review aims to evaluate the relationship between the selected B vitamins group, glucuronolactone, and the immune system and their associations to bioavailability, doses, and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Betty Schwartz
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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3
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Raghavan R, Wang G, Hong X, Pearson C, Xie H, Adams WG, Augustyn M, Wang X. Independent and joint association of cord plasma pantothenate and cysteine levels with autism spectrum disorders and other neurodevelopmental disabilities in children born term and preterm. PRECISION NUTRITION 2023; 2:e00036. [PMID: 37745027 PMCID: PMC10513014 DOI: 10.1097/pn9.0000000000000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Pantothenate (vitamin B5) is a precursor for coenzyme A (CoA) synthesis, which serves as a cofactor for hundreds of metabolic reactions. Cysteine is an amino acid in the CoA synthesis pathway. To date, research on the combined role of early life pantothenate and cysteine levels in childhood neurodevelopmental disabilities is scarce. Objective To study the association between cord pantothenate and cysteine levels and risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other developmental disabilities (DD) in children born term and preterm. Methods The study sample (n = 996, 177 born preterm) derived from the Boston Birth Cohort included 416 neurotypical children, 87 ASD, 269 ADHD, and 224 other DD children, who were mutually exclusive. Participants were enrolled at birth and were followed up prospectively (from October 1, 1998, to June 30, 2018) at the Boston Medical Center. Cord blood sample was collected at birth. Plasma pantothenate and cysteine levels were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results Higher cord pantothenate (≥50th percentile vs. <50th percentile) was associated with a greater risk of ASD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06, 3.55) and ADHD (aOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.40), after adjusting for potential confounders. However, cord cysteine alone was not associated with risk of ASD, ADHD, or other DD. When considering the joint association, greater ASD risk was noted when both cord pantothenate and cysteine levels were elevated (≥50th percentile) (aOR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.24, 7.79), when compared to children with low cord pantothenate (<50th percentile) and high cysteine. Even though preterm and higher pantothenate independently increased the ASD risk, the greatest risk was found in preterm children who also had elevated pantothenate (≥50th percentile), which was true for all three outcomes: ASD (aOR: 5.36, 95% CI: 2.09, 13.75), ADHD (aOR: 3.31, 95% CI: 1.78, 6.16), and other DD (aOR: 3.39, 95% CI: 1.85, 6.24). Conclusions In this prospective birth cohort, we showed that higher cord pantothenate individually and in combination with higher cysteine or preterm birth were associated with increased risk of ASD and ADHD. More study is needed to explore this biologically plausible pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkripa Raghavan
- Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hehuang Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Fralin Life Sciences Institute at Virginia Technology, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - William G Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marilyn Augustyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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4
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Liu FC, Cheng ML, Lo CJ, Hsu WC, Lin G, Lin HT. Exploring the aging process of cognitively healthy adults by analyzing cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:217. [PMID: 37020298 PMCID: PMC10077689 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During biological aging, significant metabolic dysregulation in the central nervous system may lead to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. However, the metabolomics of the aging process in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has not been thoroughly explored. METHODS In this cohort study of CSF metabolomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), fasting CSF samples collected from 92 cognitively unimpaired adults aged 20-87 years without obesity or diabetes were analyzed. RESULTS We identified 37 metabolites in these CSF samples with significant positive correlations with aging, including cysteine, pantothenic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), aspartic acid, and glutamate; and two metabolites with negative correlations, asparagine and glycerophosphocholine. The combined alterations of asparagine, cysteine, glycerophosphocholine, pantothenic acid, sucrose, and 5-HIAA showed a superior correlation with aging (AUC = 0.982). These age-correlated changes in CSF metabolites might reflect blood-brain barrier breakdown, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging brain. We also found sex differences in CSF metabolites with higher levels of taurine and 5-HIAA in women using propensity-matched comparison. CONCLUSIONS Our LC-MS metabolomics of the aging process in a Taiwanese population revealed several significantly altered CSF metabolites during aging and between the sexes. These metabolic alterations in CSF might provide clues for healthy brain aging and deserve further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuin Hsu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Gigin Lin
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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5
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Suhaimi FW, Aznal ANZ, Nor Hazalin NAM, Teh LK, Hassan Z, Salleh MZ. Kratom (M. speciosa) exposure during adolescence caused long-lasting cognitive behavioural deficits associated with perturbated brain metabolism pathways in adult rats. Behav Brain Res 2023; 446:114411. [PMID: 36997094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Kratom (M. speciosa Korth) is an herbal plant native to Southeast Asia. The leaves have been widely used to alleviate pain and opioid withdrawal symptoms. However, the increasing trend of recreational use of kratom among youth is concerning because substance abuse may render the adolescent brain more susceptible to neuropathological processes, causing dramatic consequences that persist into adulthood. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of mitragynine, the main alkaloid and lyophilized kratom decoction (LKD) exposure during adolescence on cognitive behaviours and brain metabolite profiles in adult rats. Adolescent male Sprague-Dawley rats were given mitragynine (3, 10 or 30mg/kg) or LKD orally for 15 consecutive days during postnatal days 31-45 (PND31-45). Behavioural testing was performed during adulthood (PND70-84) and the brains were subjected to metabolomic analysis. The results show that a high dose of mitragynine impaired long-term object recognition memory. Social behaviour and spatial learning were not affected, but both mitragynine and LKD impaired reference memory. Brain metabolomic study revealed several altered metabolic pathways that may be involved in the cognitive behavioural effects of LKD and mitragynine exposure. These pathways include arachidonic acid, taurine and hypotaurine, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and tryptophan metabolism, while the N-isovalerylglycine was identified as the potential biomarker. In summary, adolescent kratom exposure can cause long-lasting cognitive behavioural deficits and alter brain metabolite profiles that are still evident in adulthood. This finding also indicates that the adolescent brain is vulnerable to the impact of early kratom use.
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Zul Aznal AN, Mohamad Nor Hazalin NA, Hassan Z, Mat NH, Chear NJY, Teh LK, Salleh MZ, Suhaimi FW. Adolescent kratom exposure affects cognitive behaviours and brain metabolite profiles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1057423. [PMID: 36518677 PMCID: PMC9744228 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1057423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical developmental period during which exposure to psychoactive substances like kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) can cause long-lasting deleterious effects. Here, we evaluated the effects of mitragynine, the main alkaloid of kratom, and lyophilised kratom decoction (LKD) on cognitive behaviours and brain metabolite profiles in adolescent rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (Postnatal day, PND31) were given vehicle, morphine (5 mg/kg), mitragynine (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg), or LKD (equivalent dose of 30 mg/kg mitragynine) for 15 consecutive days. Later, a battery of behavioural testing was conducted, brain was extracted and metabolomic analysis was performed using LCMS-QTOF. The results showed that mitragynine did not affect the recognition memory in the novel object recognition task. In the social interaction task, morphine, mitragynine, and LKD caused a marked deficit in social behaviour, while in Morris water maze task, mitragynine and LKD only affected reference memory. Metabolomic analysis revealed distinct metabolite profiles of animals with different treatments. Several pathways that may be involved in the effects of kratom exposure include arachidonic acid, pantothenate and CoA, and tryptophan pathways, with several potential biomarkers identified. These findings suggest that adolescent kratom exposure can cause cognitive behavioural deficits that may be associated with changes in the brain metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nurul Aqmar Mohamad Nor Hazalin
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Noorul Hamizah Mat
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | - Lay Kek Teh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam, Malaysia
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7
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Ali MA, Hafez HA, Kamel MA, Ghamry HI, Shukry M, Farag MA. Dietary Vitamin B Complex: Orchestration in Human Nutrition throughout Life with Sex Differences. Nutrients 2022; 14:3940. [PMID: 36235591 PMCID: PMC9573099 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of B complex vitamins starts early in the human life cycle and continues across its different stages. At the same time, numerous reports have emphasized the critical role of adequate B complex intake. Most studies examined such issues concerning a specific vitamin B or life stage, with the majority reporting the effect of either excess or deficiency. Deep insight into the orchestration of the eight different B vitamins requirements is reviewed across the human life cycle, beginning from fertility and pregnancy and reaching adulthood and senility, emphasizing interactions among them and underlying action mechanisms. The effect of sex is also reviewed for each vitamin at each life stage to highlight the different daily requirements and/or outcomes. Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and folic acid are crucial for maternal and fetal health. During infancy and childhood, B vitamins are integrated with physical and psychological development that have a pivotal impact on one's overall health in adolescence and adulthood. A higher intake of B vitamins in the elderly is also associated with preventing some aging problems, especially those related to inflammation. All supplementation should be carefully monitored to avoid toxicity and hypervitaminosis. More research should be invested in studying each vitamin individually concerning nutritional disparities in each life stage, with extensive attention paid to cultural differences and lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mennatallah A. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Hala A. Hafez
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Maher A. Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Heba I. Ghamry
- Department of Home Economics, College of Home Economics, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, Abha 1421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
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8
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Anapali M, Kaya-Dagistanli F, Akdemir AS, Aydemir D, Ulusu NN, Ulutin T, Uysal O, Tanriverdi G, Ozturk M. Combined resveratrol and vitamin D treatment ameliorate inflammation-related liver fibrosis, ER stress, and apoptosis in a high-fructose diet/streptozotocin-induced T2DM model. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:279-296. [PMID: 35849204 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A high fructose diet is a major cause of diabetes and various metabolic disorders, including fatty liver. In this study, we investigated the effects of resveratrol and vitamin D (VitD) treatments on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and liver regeneration in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, namely, T2DM Sprague-Dawley rats. This T2DM rat model was created through a combination treatment of a 10% fructose diet and 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Resveratrol (1 mg/kg/day) and VitD (170/IU/week) were administered alone and in combination to both the diabetic and control groups. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate PCNA, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, GRP78, and active caspase-3 in liver tissue. The TUNEL method and Sirius red staining were used to determine apoptosis and fibrosis, respectively. G6PD, 6-PGD, GR, and GST activities were measured to determine oxidative stress status. We found that the expressions of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) correlated with NF-κB activation and were significantly increased in the T2DM rats. Increased GRP78 expression, indicating ER stress, increased in apoptotic cells, enhanced caspase-3 activation, and collagen accumulation surrounding the central vein were observed in the T2DM group compared with the other groups. The combination VitD + resveratrol treatment improved antioxidant defense via increasing G6PD, 6-PGD, GR, and GST activities compared to the diabetic groups. We concluded that the combined administration of resveratrol with VitD ameliorates the adverse effects of T2DM by regulating blood glucose levels, increasing antioxidant defense mechanisms, controlling ER stress, enhancing tissue regeneration, improving inflammation, and reducing apoptosis in liver cells. In conclusion, this study indicates that the combination treatment of resveratrol + VitD can be a beneficial option for preventing liver damage in fructose-induced T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Anapali
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kaya-Dagistanli
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Seda Akdemir
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Aydemir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgut Ulutin
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Uysal
- Department of Biostatistics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tanriverdi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melek Ozturk
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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9
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Hong Y, Zhou Z, Zhang N, He Q, Guo Z, Liu L, Song Y, Chen P, Wei Y, Xu Q, Li Y, Wang B, Qin X, Xu X, Duan Y. Association between plasma Vitamin B5 levels and all-cause mortality: A nested case-control study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2022; 24:945-954. [PMID: 35699663 PMCID: PMC9278592 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the prospective association of vitamin B5 with all‐cause mortality and explore its potential modifiers in Chinese adults with hypertension. A nested, case‐control study was conducted in the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial, including 505 deaths of all causes and 505 matched controls. The median follow‐up duration was 4.5 years. The primary outcome measure in this investigation was all‐cause mortality, which encompassed deaths for any reason. The mean plasma vitamin B5 concentration for cases (43.7 ng/mL) was higher than that in controls (40.9 ng/mL) (p = .001). When vitamin B5 was further assessed as quintiles, compared with the reference group (Q1: < 33.0 ng/mL), the risk of all‐cause mortality increased by 29% (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.83‐2.01) in Q2, 22% (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.77‐1.94) in Q3, 62% (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.00‐2.62) in Q4, and 77% (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.06‐2.95) in Q5. The trend test was significant (p = .022). When Q4‐Q5 were combined, a significant 41% increment (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.95) in all‐cause death risk was found compared with Q1‐Q3. The adverse effects were more pronounced in those with normal folate levels (p‐interaction = .019) and older people (p‐interaction = .037). This study suggests that higher baseline levels of plasma vitamin B5 are a risk factor for all‐cause mortality among Chinese patients with hypertension, especially among older adults and those with adequate folate levels. The findings, if confirmed, may inform novel clinical and nutritional guidelines and interventions to optimize vitamin B5 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiangqiang He
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhangyou Guo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishun Liu
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Song
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Sciences and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Binyan Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health, Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health, Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Sciences and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health, Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China
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Han Y, Quan X, Chuang Y, Liang Q, Li Y, Yuan Z, Bian Y, Wei L, Wang J, Zhao Y. A multi-omics analysis for the prediction of neurocognitive disorders risk among the elderly in Macao. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e909. [PMID: 35696554 PMCID: PMC9191869 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing ageing population, neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) have been a global public health issue, and its prevention and early diagnosis are crucial. Our previous study demonstrated that there is a significant correlation between specific populations and NCDs, but the biological characteristics of the vulnerable group predispose to NCDs are unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the predictors for the vulnerable group by a multi-omics analysis. METHODS Multi-omics approaches, including metagenomics, metabolomic and proteomic, were used to detect gut microbiota, faecal metabolites and urine exosome of 8 normal controls and 13 vulnerable elders after a rigorous screening of 400 elders in Macao. The multi-omics data were analysed using R and Bioconductor. The two-sided Wilcoxon's rank-sum test, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and the linear discriminant analysis effective size were applied to investigate characterized features. Moreover, a 2-year follow-up was conducted to evaluate cognitive function change of the elderly. RESULTS Compared with the control elders, the metagenomics of gut microbiota showed that Ruminococcus gnavus, Lachnospira eligens, Escherichia coli and Desulfovibrio piger were increased significantly in the vulnerable group. Carboxylates, like alpha-ketoglutaric acid and d-saccharic acid, and levels of vitamins had obvious differences in the faecal metabolites. There was a distinct decrease in the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 (eIF2α) and amine oxidase A (MAO-A) according to the proteomic results of the urine exosomes. Moreover, the compound annual growth rate of neurocognitive scores was notably decreased in vulnerable elders. CONCLUSIONS The multi-omics characteristics of disturbed glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism (bacteria), vitamin digestion and absorption and tricarboxylic acid cycle in vulnerable elders can serve as predictors of NCDs risk among the elderly of Macao. Intervention with them may be effective therapeutic approaches for NCDs, and the underlying mechanisms merit further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacao SARChina
| | - Xingping Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacao SARChina
| | | | - Qiaoxing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgerySecond Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacao SARChina
| | - Ying Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacao SARChina
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ji Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacao SARChina
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11
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Scholefield M, Church SJ, Xu J, Patassini S, Hooper NM, Unwin RD, Cooper GJS. Substantively Lowered Levels of Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) in Several Regions of the Human Brain in Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Metabolites 2021; 11:569. [PMID: 34564384 PMCID: PMC8468190 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is an essential trace nutrient required for the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA). It has previously been shown that pantothenic acid is significantly decreased in multiple brain regions in both Alzheimer's disease (ADD) and Huntington's disease (HD). The current investigation aimed to determine whether similar changes are also present in cases of Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), another age-related neurodegenerative condition, and whether such perturbations might occur in similar regions in these apparently different diseases. Brain tissue was obtained from nine confirmed cases of PDD and nine controls with a post-mortem delay of 26 h or less. Tissues were acquired from nine regions that show high, moderate, or low levels of neurodegeneration in PDD: the cerebellum, motor cortex, primary visual cortex, hippocampus, substantia nigra, middle temporal gyrus, medulla oblongata, cingulate gyrus, and pons. A targeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) approach was used to quantify pantothenic acid in these tissues. Pantothenic acid was significantly decreased in the cerebellum (p = 0.008), substantia nigra (p = 0.02), and medulla (p = 0.008) of PDD cases. These findings mirror the significant decreases in the cerebellum of both ADD and HD cases, as well as the substantia nigra, putamen, middle frontal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex of HD cases, and motor cortex, primary visual cortex, hippocampus, middle temporal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and entorhinal cortex of ADD cases. Taken together, these observations indicate a common but regionally selective disruption of pantothenic acid levels across PDD, ADD, and HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Scholefield
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (S.J.C.); (J.X.); (R.D.U.)
| | - Stephanie J. Church
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (S.J.C.); (J.X.); (R.D.U.)
| | - Jingshu Xu
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (S.J.C.); (J.X.); (R.D.U.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Stefano Patassini
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Nigel M. Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK;
| | - Richard D. Unwin
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (S.J.C.); (J.X.); (R.D.U.)
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre & Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Citylabs 1.0 (Third Floor), Nelson Street, Manchester M13 9NQ, UK
| | - Garth J. S. Cooper
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; (S.J.C.); (J.X.); (R.D.U.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
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12
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Olaso-Gonzalez G, Inzitari M, Bellelli G, Morandi A, Barcons N, Viña J. Impact of supplementation with vitamins B 6 , B 12 , and/or folic acid on the reduction of homocysteine levels in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:74-84. [PMID: 34058062 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent predictor of the risk for cognitive decline and may be a result of low levels of vitamins B12 , B6 , and folate. Previous findings suggest that adequate intake of these vitamins may reduce homocysteine levels. This review aimed to assess the effects of treatment with vitamins B6, B12 , and/or folic acid in the homocysteine levels in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A systematic literature review was conducted in EMBASE, MEDLINE®, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The research question was formulated using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) framework: in patients with MCI (P); what is the efficacy of vitamins B6 , B12 , and/or folic acid intake (I); compared with baseline values, and/or compared with controls (C); in reducing homocysteine levels from baseline (O). A total of eight primary studies with a total of 1,140 participants were included in the review. Four were randomized controlled trials, one was a quasi-controlled trial, and three were observational studies. All studies included folic acid in their intervention, seven vitamin B12 , and four vitamin B6 . Mean (SD) length of the intervention period was 18.8 (19.3) months, ranging from 1 to 60 months. All studies showed a statistically significant decrease in homocysteine levels in groups treated with vitamins B6, B12 , and/or folic acid compared to controls, with a mean decline of homocysteine concentration of 31.9% in the intervention arms whereas it increased by 0.7% in the control arm. This review identified evidence of a reduction of plasma homocysteine levels in MCI patients taking vitamins B6, B12 , and/or folic acid supplements, with statistically significant declines being observed after 1 month of supplementation. Findings support that supplementation with these vitamins might be an option to reduce homocysteine levels in people with MCI and elevated plasma homocysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marco Inzitari
- REFiT Barcelona Research Group, Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili and Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Research, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Bellelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca and Acute Geriatric Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morandi
- REFiT Barcelona Research Group, Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili and Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Research, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Rehabilitation and Aged Care, Fondazione Teresa Camplani, Hospital Ancelle, Cremona, Italy
| | - Núria Barcons
- Medical Affairs, Nestlé Health Science, Vevey, Switzerland
| | - José Viña
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M. MIND diet and cognitive performance in older adults: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8059-8077. [PMID: 33989093 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1925220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a rapidly increasing public health concern. A healthy diet has potential in preserving brain and maintaining cognitive health. This systematic review was designed to evaluate the relationship between Mediterranean-DASH diet intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet and cognitive functioning in older adults. PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched to extract original studies on humans published until July 2020, without date restrictions. Articles that evaluated the association between MIND diet and cognitive performance in older adults were included. Duplicated and irrelevant studies were screened out and data were obtained through critical analysis. Quality of the articles and risk of bias was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa and Cochrane Collaboration's quality assessment tools. Of the 135 studies retrieved, 13 articles (9 cohort, 3 cross-sectional, and 1 RCT studies) were included in the final review. All of the included studies indicated that adherence to the MIND diet was positively associated with specific domains, but not all, of cognition and global cognitive function (78% of the studies) in older adults. MIND diet was superior to other plant-rich diets including Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, Pro-Vegetarian and Baltic Sea diets, for improving cognition. Adherence to the MIND diet may possibly be associated with an improved cognitive function in older adults. MIND diet may be superior to other plant-rich diets for improving cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Zeng L, Guo L, Wang Z, Xu X, Song S, Xu L, Kuang H, Li A, Xu C. Immunoassays for the rapid detection of pantothenic acid in pharmaceutical and food products. Food Chem 2021; 348:129114. [PMID: 33516998 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and food products are fortified with pantothenic acid (PA) to address potential deficiency. Therefore, its fast, reliable, and accurate detection is of great importance to the quality control. Here, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and a gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) were established for the determination of PA based on an anti-PA monoclonal antibody (mAb). The ic-ELISA displayed a limit of detection (LOD) of 32.22 ng/mL, and the linear range was 64.44-628.84 ng/mL. Average recoveries of PA in fortified samples were 88.60-110.11% when using the ic-ELISA and a good correlation between the ic-ELISA and LC-MS/MS was obtained when analyzing samples. Furthermore, the developed LFIA strip showed a calculated LOD of 71.99, 115.80, and 240.12 ng/mL in B-complex Vitamin tablets, energy drink and infant milk powder samples, respectively. All the results demonstrated that both of these immunoassays are suitable for determining PA in pharmaceutical and food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Lingling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Zhongxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Shanshan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Liguang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China.
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No.11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Beijing 100037, PR China.
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
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15
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Yin P, Jia A, Heimann K, Zhang M, Liu X, Zhang W, Liu C. Hot water pretreatment-induced significant metabolite changes in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Food Chem 2020; 314:126211. [PMID: 31982856 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hot water pretreatment of sea cucumbers potentially changes nutritional benefits. This study aimed to quantify hot water pretreatment-induced changes in metabolite profiles of sea cucumber body walls. ICP-OES, GC-MS, and LC-MS analyses of untreated- (UT-BW), hot water-treated body walls (HW-BW) of Apostichopus japonicus, and the hot water extract (HW-E) determined significant losses of minerals (25-50% w/w), protein (~11% w/w), carbohydrate (33% w/w), saponins (~41% w/w), and spermidine (100%), a potential antipsychotic from hot water-treated samples. Multivariate comparisons of HW-BW with UT-BW and HW-BW with HW-E showed increases in amino acids and fatty acids, suggesting hot water-induced degradation or transformation or easier extraction of protein, lipid or other components. Presence of 80 to 88.5% of compounds in the HW-E and lower DHA, EPA and glycerophospholipids levels in HW-BW suggested extraction of these metabolites. These data indicate that novel processing technologies are required to preserve the full nutritional benefits of sea cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Yin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China
| | - Airong Jia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China.
| | - Kirsten Heimann
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China; Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Miansong Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China; Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Changheng Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250103, China
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16
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Moretti R, Peinkhofer C. B Vitamins and Fatty Acids: What Do They Share with Small Vessel Disease-Related Dementia? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5797. [PMID: 31752183 PMCID: PMC6888477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been written on vitamin supplementation, fatty acid, and dementia, but results are still under debate, and no definite conclusion has yet been drawn. Nevertheless, a significant amount of lab evidence confirms that vitamins of the B group are tightly related to gene control for endothelium protection, act as antioxidants, play a co-enzymatic role in the most critical biochemical reactions inside the brain, and cooperate with many other elements, such as choline, for the synthesis of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine, through S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) methyl donation. B-vitamins have anti-inflammatory properties and act in protective roles against neurodegenerative mechanisms, for example, through modulation of the glutamate currents and a reduction of the calcium currents. In addition, they also have extraordinary antioxidant properties. However, laboratory data are far from clinical practice. Many studies have tried to apply these results in everyday clinical activity, but results have been discouraging and far from a possible resolution of the associated mysteries, like those represented by Alzheimer's disease (AD) or small vessel disease dementia. Above all, two significant problems emerge from the research: No consensus exists on general diagnostic criteria-MCI or AD? Which diagnostic criteria should be applied for small vessel disease-related dementia? In addition, no general schema exists for determining a possible correct time of implementation to have effective results. Here we present an up-to-date review of the literature on such topics, shedding some light on the possible interaction of vitamins and phosphatidylcholine, and their role in brain metabolism and catabolism. Further studies should take into account all of these questions, with well-designed and world-homogeneous trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Moretti
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
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