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Wu L, Ye S, Deng X, Fu Z, Li J, Yang C. Conjugated Linoleic Acid Ameliorates High Fat-Induced Insulin Resistance via Regulating Gut Microbiota-Host Metabolic and Immunomodulatory Interactions. Nutrients 2024; 16:1133. [PMID: 38674824 PMCID: PMC11053735 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Interaction between gut microbiota, host immunity and metabolism has been suggested to crucially affect the development of insulin resistance (IR). This study aims to investigate how gut microbiota, inflammatory responses and metabolism in individuals with IR are affected by the supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and how this subsequently affects the pathophysiology of IR by using a high-fat diet-induced IR mouse model. Serum biochemical indices showed that 400 mg/kg body weight of CLA effectively attenuated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, glucose intolerance and IR, while also promoting antioxidant capacities. Histomorphology, gene and protein expression analysis revealed that CLA reduced fat deposition and inflammation, and enhanced fatty acid oxidation, insulin signaling and glucose transport in adipose tissue or liver. Hepatic transcriptome analysis confirmed that CLA inhibited inflammatory signaling pathways and promoted insulin, PI3K-Akt and AMPK signaling pathways, as well as linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, arginine and proline metabolism. Gut microbiome analysis further revealed that these effects were highly associated with the enriched bacteria that showed positive correlation with the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as well as the improved SCFAs production simultaneously. This study highlights the therapeutic actions of CLA on ameliorating IR via regulating microbiota-host metabolic and immunomodulatory interactions, which have important implications for IR control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.W.); (S.Y.); (X.D.)
| | - Shijie Ye
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.W.); (S.Y.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiangfei Deng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.W.); (S.Y.); (X.D.)
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.W.); (S.Y.); (X.D.)
| | - Jinjun Li
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Vegetables (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (L.W.); (S.Y.); (X.D.)
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Yang M, Massad K, Kimchi ET, Staveley-O’Carroll KF, Li G. Gut microbiota and metabolite interface-mediated hepatic inflammation. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2024; 6:e00037. [PMID: 38283696 PMCID: PMC10810350 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Immunologic and metabolic signals regulated by gut microbiota and relevant metabolites mediate bidirectional interaction between the gut and liver. Gut microbiota dysbiosis, due to diet, lifestyle, bile acids, and genetic and environmental factors, can advance the progression of chronic liver disease. Commensal gut bacteria have both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects depending on their species and relative abundance in the intestine. Components and metabolites derived from gut microbiota-diet interaction can regulate hepatic innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as liver parenchymal cells, significantly impacting liver inflammation. In this mini review, recent findings of specific bacterial species and metabolites with functions in regulating liver inflammation are first reviewed. In addition, socioeconomic and environmental factors, hormones, and genetics that shape the profile of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites and components with the function of priming or dampening liver inflammation are discussed. Finally, current clinical trials evaluating the factors that manipulate gut microbiota to treat liver inflammation and chronic liver disease are reviewed. Overall, the discussion of microbial and metabolic mediators contributing to liver inflammation will help direct our future studies on liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Katina Massad
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Eric T. Kimchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kevin F. Staveley-O’Carroll
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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3
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Lin Q, Si Y, Zhou F, Hao W, Zhang P, Jiang P, Cha R. Advances in polysaccharides for probiotic delivery: Properties, methods, and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121414. [PMID: 37940247 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are essential to improve the health of the host, whereas maintaining the viability of probiotics in harsh environments remains a challenge. Polysaccharides have non-toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and outstanding biodegradability, which can protect probiotics by forming a physical barrier and show a promising prospect for probiotic delivery. In this review, we summarize polysaccharides commonly used for probiotic microencapsulation and introduce the microencapsulation technologies, including extrusion, emulsion, spray drying, freeze drying, and electrohydrodynamics. We discuss strategies for better protection of probiotics and introduce the applications of polysaccharides-encapsulated probiotics in functional food, oral formulation, and animal feed. Finally, we propose the challenges of polysaccharides-based delivery systems in industrial production and application. This review will help provide insight into the advances and challenges of polysaccharides in probiotic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China; Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Yanxue Si
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Fengshan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Wenshuai Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Pai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Peng Jiang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Ruitao Cha
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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Zhang K, Yang J, Chen L, He J, Qu D, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Li X, Liu J, Li J, Xie X, Wang Q. Gut Microbiota Participates in Polystyrene Microplastics-Induced Hepatic Injuries by Modulating the Gut-Liver Axis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15125-15145. [PMID: 37486121 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Dietary pollution by polystyrene microplastics (MPs) can cause hepatic injuries and microbial dysbiosis. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea, exerts beneficial effects on the liver by modulating the gut microbiota. However, the role of microbiota in MPs-induced hepatic injuries and the protective effect of EGCG have not been clarified. Here, 5 μm MPs were orally administered to mice to induce hepatic injuries. Subsequently, antibiotic cocktail (ABX) and fecal microbial transplant (FMT) experiments were performed to investigate the underlying microbial mechanisms. Additionally, EGCG was orally administered to mice to explore its protection against MPs-induced hepatic injuries. Our results showed that MPs activated systemic and hepatic inflammation, promoted fibrosis, and altered the liver metabolome; meanwhile, MPs damaged the gut homeostasis by disturbing the gut microbiome, promoting colonic inflammation, and impairing the intestinal barrier. Notably, MPs reduced the abundance of the probiotics Akkermansia, Mucispirillum, and Faecalibaculum while increasing the pathogenic Tuzzerella. Interestingly, the elimination of gut microbiota mitigated MPs-induced colonic inflammation and intestinal barrier impairment. Moreover, ABX ameliorated MPs-induced systemic and hepatic inflammation but not fibrosis. Correspondingly, microbiota from MPs-administered mice induced colonic, systemic, and hepatic inflammation, while their profibrosis effect on the liver was not observed. Finally, EGCG elevated the abundance of probiotics and effectively repressed MPs-induced colonic inflammation. MPs-induced systemic and hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and remodeling of the liver metabolome were also attenuated by EGCG. These findings illustrated that gut microbiota contributed to MPs-induced colonic and hepatic injuries, while EGCG could serve as a potential prevention strategy for these adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jianzheng Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Lijian Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jietao He
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China
| | - Dong Qu
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xiuwen Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiahao Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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Yang Y, Zhou B, Zhang S, Si L, Liu X, Li F. Prebiotics for depression: how does the gut microbiota play a role? Front Nutr 2023; 10:1206468. [PMID: 37485386 PMCID: PMC10358272 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1206468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression, a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and aversion to activity that can interfere with daily life, is a condition of great concern. Prebiotics, which are non-digestible substances selectively utilized by host microorganisms for health benefits, have gained attention for their potential to improve overall wellness and alleviate various disorders including depression. This study aims to review clinical trials utilizing carbohydrate-type prebiotics such as inulin-type fructans, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), human milk oligosaccharides, resistant starch, prebiotic phytochemicals including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), chlorogenic acids, resveratrol, and prebiotic lipids (n-3 polysaturated fatty acids) to determine their effects on depression. Our findings suggest that GOS at a daily dosage of 5 g and eicosapentaenoic acid at or less than 1 g can effectively mitigate depressive symptoms. While EGCG exhibits potential antidepressant properties, a higher dosage of 3 g/d may be necessary to elicit significant effects. The plausible mechanisms underlying the impact of prebiotics on depression include the synthesis of neurotransmitters, production of short-chain fatty acids, and regulation of inflammation.
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Liu Y, Jin ZY, Wang JX, Wang D, Liu H, Li D, Zhu J, Luo ZB, Han SZ, Chang SY, Yang LH, Kang JD, Quan LH. Ginsenoside Rg1 activates brown adipose tissue to counteract obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice by regulating gut microbes and bile acid composition. Food Funct 2023; 14:4696-4705. [PMID: 37186251 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03142f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem strongly linked to gut microbes and their metabolites. In this study, ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) reduced lipid droplet size and hepatic lipid accumulation by activating uncoupling protein 1 expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT), which in turn inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain in mice. Furthermore, the intestinal flora of mice was altered, the abundance of Lachnoclostridium, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus and Erysipelatoclostridium was upregulated, and the concentrations of fecal bile acids were altered, with cholic acid and taurocholic acid concentrations being significantly increased. In addition, the beneficial effects of Rg1 were eliminated in mice treated with a combination of antibiotics. In conclusion, these results suggest that Rg1 activates BAT to counteract obesity by regulating gut microbes and bile acid composition in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yize Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Zheng-Yun Jin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Jun-Xia Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Danqi Wang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Hongye Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Dongxu Li
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Zhao-Bo Luo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Sheng-Zhong Han
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Shuang-Yan Chang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Liu-Hui Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Lin-Hu Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
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A Novel Synbiotic Alleviates Autoimmune Hepatitis by Modulating the Gut Microbiota-Liver Axis and Inhibiting the Hepatic TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. mSystems 2023; 8:e0112722. [PMID: 36794950 PMCID: PMC10134874 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01127-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a liver disease characterized by chronic liver inflammation. The intestinal barrier and microbiome play critical roles in AIH progression. AIH treatment remains challenging because first-line drugs have limited efficacy and many side effects. Thus, there is growing interest in developing synbiotic therapies. This study investigated the effects of a novel synbiotic in an AIH mouse model. We found that this synbiotic (Syn) ameliorated liver injury and improved liver function by reducing hepatic inflammation and pyroptosis. The Syn reversed gut dysbiosis, as indicated by an increase in beneficial bacteria (e.g., Rikenella and Alistipes) and a decrease in potentially harmful bacteria (e.g., Escherichia-Shigella) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-bearing Gram-negative bacterial levels. The Syn maintained intestinal barrier integrity, reduced LPS, and inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB and NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway. In addition, microbiome phenotype prediction by BugBase and bacterial functional potential prediction using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) showed that Syn improved gut microbiota function involving inflammatory injury, metabolism, immune response, and pathopoiesia. Furthermore, the new Syn was as effective as prednisone against AIH. Therefore, this novel Syn could be a candidate drug for alleviating AIH through its anti-inflammatory and antipyroptosis properties that relieve endothelial dysfunction and gut dysbiosis. IMPORTANCE Synbiotics can ameliorate liver injury and improve liver function by reducing hepatic inflammation and pyroptosis. Our data indicate that our new Syn not only reverses gut dysbiosis by increasing beneficial bacteria and decreasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-bearing Gram-negative bacteria but also maintains intestinal barrier integrity. Thus, its mechanism might be associated with modulating gut microbiota composition and intestinal barrier function by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3/pyroptosis signaling pathway in the liver. This Syn is as effective as prednisone in treating AIH without side effects. Based on these findings, this novel Syn represents a potential therapeutic agent for AIH in clinical practice.
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Yu W, Liang Z, Li Q, Liu Y, Liu X, Jiang L, Liu C, Zhang Y, Kang C, Yan J. The pharmacological validation of the Xiao-Jian-Zhong formula against ulcerative colitis by network pharmacology integrated with metabolomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115647. [PMID: 35987415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is pathologically characterized by an immune response accommodative insufficiency and dysbiosis accompanied by persistent epithelial barrier dysfunction, and is divided into ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Its progression increases the susceptibility to colitis-associated cancer (CAC), as well as other complications. The Xiao-Jian-Zhong (XJZ) formula has a historical application in the clinic to combat gastrointestinal disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The investigation aimed to explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms of XJZ. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was diluted in drinking water and given to mice for a week to establish murine models of experimental colitis, and the XJZ solution was administered for two weeks. Network pharmacology analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were utilized to predict the therapeutic role of XJZ against UC and CAC. 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were conducted utilizing murine feces to examine the changes in the microbiome profile. Biochemical experiments were conducted to confirm the predicted functions. RESULTS XJZ treatment markedly attenuated DSS-induced experimental colitis progression, and the targets were enriched in inflammation, infection, and tumorigenesis, predicted by network pharmacology analysis. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the XJZ-targets were related to the survival probability in patients with colorectal cancer, underlying a potential therapeutic value in cancer intervention. Moreover, the XJZ therapy successfully rescued the decreased richness and diversity of microbiota, suppressed the potentially pathogenic phenotype of the gut microorganisms, and reversed the declined linoleic acid metabolism and increased cytochrome P450 activity in murine colitis models. Our in-vitro experiments confirmed that the XJZ treatment suppressed Caspase1-dependent pyroptosis and increased peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ) expression in the colon, facilitated the alternative activation of macrophages (Mφs), inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in intestinal organoids (IOs), thereby favoring the mucosal healing. CONCLUSION The XJZ formula is efficacious for colitis by a prompt resolution of inflammation and dysbiosis, and by re-establishing a microbiome profile that favors re-epithelization, and prevents carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong province, China.
| | - Zhenghao Liang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong province, China.
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong province, China.
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong province, China.
| | - Xincheng Liu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong province, China.
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong province, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong province, China.
| | - Yijia Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong province, China.
| | - Cai Kang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong province, China.
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining City, Shandong province, China.
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Mei H, Yang S, Peng A, Li R, Xiang F, Zheng H, Tan Y, Zhang Y, Zhou A, Zhang J, Xiao H. Development of the gut microbiota in healthy twins during the first 2 years of life and associations with body mass index z-score: Results from the Wuhan twin birth cohort study. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:891679. [PMID: 36060734 PMCID: PMC9433903 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.891679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota undergoes rapid and vital changes to microbial community structure and the microbial-immune crosstalk during the first 3 years of life, which is thought to be involved in the pathobiology of later-life disease. Compared to single-born children, little is known about the gut microbiota of twins in early childhood. Based on the Wuhan Twin Birth Cohort study, 344 stool samples from 204 twin families were analyzed to investigate the difference in gut microbiota composition at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. Furthermore, this study evaluated the association between gut microbiota development curves and body mass index z-score (BMI_Z) curves at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. The predominant microbiota phyla identified in twins were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Verrucomicrobiota. The richness and diversity of gut microbiota increased from 6 to 24 months old (alpha diversity with p < 0.05). Beta diversity revealed 61 gut microbiota genera that were significantly different in relative abundance among the three age groups. Among the 61 gut microbiota genera, 30 distinct trajectory curves (DTCs) were generated by group-based trajectory models after log2 transformation of their relative abundance. Subsequently, Spearman correlation analysis revealed that only five gut microbiota DTC were correlated with the BMI_Z DTC. Therefore, we further examined the association between the five gut microbiota genera DTC and BMI_Z DTC using generalized estimation equation models. The results revealed a significant association between the DTC groups of Parabacteroides and that of BMI_Z (coefficient = 0.75, p = 0.04). The results of this study validated the hypothesis that the richness and diversity of gut microbiota developed with age in twins. Moreover, participants with a higher DTC of log2-transformed Parabacteroides had a higher BMI_Z DTC during the first 2 years of life. Further studies are needed to confirm the association between Parabacteroides and BMI_Z in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Mei
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoping Yang
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - An’na Peng
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruizhen Li
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feiyan Xiang
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Tan
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ai’fen Zhou
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianduan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Liao J, Guo J, Niu Y, Fang T, Wang F, Fan Y. Flavonoids from Lycium barbarum leaves attenuate obesity through modulating glycolipid levels, oxidative stress, and gut bacterial composition in high-fat diet-fed mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:972794. [PMID: 35967795 PMCID: PMC9366397 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.972794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional herbal therapy made from Lycium barbarum leaves has been said to be effective in treating metabolic diseases, while its exact processes are yet unknown. Natural flavonoids are considered as a secure and reliable method for treating obesity. We thus made an effort to investigate the processes by which flavonoids from L. barbarum leaves (LBLF) reduce obesity. To assess the effectiveness of the intervention following intragastric injection of various dosages of LBLF (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg⋅bw), obese model mice developed via a high-fat diet were utilized. Treatment for LBLF may decrease body weight gain, Lee’s index, serum lipids levels, oxidative stress levels, and hepatic lipids levels. It may also enhance fecal lipids excretion and improve glucose tolerance. Additionally, LBLF therapy significantly restored gut dysfunction brought on by a high-fat diet by boosting gut bacterial diversities and altering the composition of the gut bacterial community by elevating probiotics and reducing harmful bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaLe Liao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food & Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food & Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - YinHong Niu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food & Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tian Fang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food & Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - FangZhou Wang
- Ningxia Red Power Goji Co., Ltd., Zhongwei, China.,Ningxia Engineering Research Center for Goji Biological Fermentation & Milling, Zhongwei, China
| | - YanLi Fan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food & Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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11
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Fruit Bioactive Compounds: Effect on Lactic Acid Bacteria and on Intestinal Microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Li X, Shi X, Mesalam NM, Liu L, Chen Z, Yang B. Mechanism of Lysoforte in Improving Jejuna Morphology and Health in Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:946148. [PMID: 35928108 PMCID: PMC9343761 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.946148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysoforte (LFT) plays a vital role in maintaining broilers' health and intestinal morphology. However, the mechanism behind the effects of LFT improving intestinal morphology and health is still unclear. Therefore, this study was implemented to explore the central genes linked to the regulatory effect of LFT. Seventy-five newly hatched Cobb 500 male broilers were randomly divided into three groups: control, LFT500, and LFT1000 groups, with 25 chicks per group. The control chicks were provided with the basal diet, and the birds in LFT500 and LFT1000 groups were offered the same basal diet with 500 g/ton and 1,000 g/ton LFT, respectively. GSE94622 dataset consisted of the control and two LFT-treated groups (LFT500 and LFT1000). Jejuna samples were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Totally 106–344 DEGs were obtained by comparing LFT500 and LFT1000 vs. control and LFT1000 vs. LFT500. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment suggested that the DEGs are mainly related to the phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process and neuron projection extension. KEGG analysis suggested the DEGs were enriched in AGE-RAGE, fatty acid elongation, ECM-receptor interaction (ECMRI), glycerophospholipid metabolism, focal adhesion, unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis, and ABC transporters. Moreover, 29 genes, such as REG4, GJB1, KAT2A, APOA5, SERPINE2, ELOVL1, ABCC2, ANKRD9, CYP4V2, and PISD, might be closely related to promoting jejuna morphology in broilers. Taken together, our observation enhances the understanding of LFT in maintaining intestinal architecture and the general health of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Noura M. Mesalam
- Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Abu-Zaabal, Egypt
| | - Lei Liu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Yang
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Park S, Lee JJ, Lee J, Lee JK, Byun J, Kim I, Ha JH. Lowering n-6/ n-3 Ratio as an Important Dietary Intervention to Prevent LPS-Inducible Dyslipidemia and Hepatic Abnormalities in ob/ob Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126384. [PMID: 35742829 PMCID: PMC9224551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with low-grade chronic and systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia, and the consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may modulate obesity-related disorders, such as inflammation and dyslipidemia. An emerging research question is to understand the dietary intervention strategy that is more important regarding n-3 PUFA consumption: (1) a lower ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs or (2) a higher amount of n-3 PUFAs consumption. To understand the desirable dietary intervention method of n-3 PUFAs consumption, we replaced lard from the experimental diets with either perilla oil (PO) or corn oil (CO) to have identical n-3 amounts in the experimental diets. PO had a lower n-6/n-3 ratio, whereas CO contained higher amounts of PUFAs; it inherently contained relatively lower n-3 but higher n-6 PUFAs than PO. After the 12-week dietary intervention in ob/ob mice, dyslipidemia was observed in the normal chow and CO-fed ob/ob mice; however, PO feeding increased the high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level; further, not only did the HDL-C level increase, the low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels also decreased significantly after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Consequently, extra TG accumulated in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) of normal chow- or CO-fed ob/ob mice after LPS injection; however, PO consumption decreased serum TG accumulation in the liver and WAT. PUFAs replacement attenuated systemic inflammation induced by LPS injection by increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines but inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the serum and WAT. PO further decreased hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in comparison with the ND and CO. Hepatic functional biomarkers (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels) were also remarkably decreased in the PO group. In LPS-challenged ob/ob mice, PO and CO decreased adipocyte size and adipokine secretion, with a reduction in phosphorylation of MAPKs compared to the ND group. In addition, LPS-inducible endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress decreased with consumption of PUFAs. Taken together, PUFAs from PO and CO play a role in regulating obesity-related disorders. Moreover, PO, which possesses a lower ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs, remarkably alleviated metabolic dysfunction in LPS-induced ob/ob mice. Therefore, an interventional trial considering the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs may be desirable for modulating metabolic complications, such as inflammatory responses and ER stress in the circulation, liver, and/or WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seohyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Jisu Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Jennifer K. Lee
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Jaemin Byun
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA;
| | - Inyong Kim
- Food and Nutrition Department, Sunchon University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (J.-H.H.)
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (J.-H.H.)
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