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Dercle L, Sun S, Seban RD, Mekki A, Sun R, Tselikas L, Hans S, Bernard-Tessier A, Mihoubi Bouvier F, Aide N, Vercellino L, Rivas A, Girard A, Mokrane FZ, Manson G, Houot R, Lopci E, Yeh R, Ammari S, Schwartz LH. Emerging and Evolving Concepts in Cancer Immunotherapy Imaging. Radiology 2023; 306:32-46. [PMID: 36472538 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.210518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Criteria based on measurements of lesion diameter at CT have guided treatment with historical therapies due to the strong association between tumor size and survival. Clinical experience with immune checkpoint modulators shows that editing immune system function can be effective in various solid tumors. Equally, novel immune-related phenomena accompany this novel therapeutic paradigm. These effects of immunotherapy challenge the association of tumor size with response or progression and include risks and adverse events that present new demands for imaging to guide treatment decisions. Emerging and evolving approaches to immunotherapy highlight further key issues for imaging evaluation, such as dissociated response following local administration of immune checkpoint modulators, pseudoprogression due to immune infiltration in the tumor environment, and premature death due to hyperprogression. Research that may offer tools for radiologists to meet these challenges is reviewed. Different modalities are discussed, including immuno-PET, as well as new applications of CT, MRI, and fluorodeoxyglucose PET, such as radiomics and imaging of hematopoietic tissues or anthropometric characteristics. Multilevel integration of imaging and other biomarkers may improve clinical guidance for immunotherapies and provide theranostic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dercle
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Shawn Sun
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Romain-David Seban
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Ahmed Mekki
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Roger Sun
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Lambros Tselikas
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Sophie Hans
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Alice Bernard-Tessier
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Fadila Mihoubi Bouvier
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Nicolas Aide
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Laetitia Vercellino
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Alexia Rivas
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Antoine Girard
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Fatima-Zohra Mokrane
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Guillaume Manson
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Roch Houot
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Egesta Lopci
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Randy Yeh
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Samy Ammari
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
| | - Lawrence H Schwartz
- From the Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (L.D., S.S., L.H.S.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, Paris, France (R.D.S.); DMU Smart Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Université Paris-Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France (A.M.); Gustave Roussy-Centrale Supélec-Therapanacea Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Radiomics Team, Molecular Radiation Therapy INSERM U1030, Paris-Sud University, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, and University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (R.S.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (R.S.) and Interventional Radiology (L.T.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France (S.H.); Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (A.B.T.); Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, France (F.M.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, INSERM 1199 ANTICIPE, Normandy University, Caen, France (N.A.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France (L.V., A.R.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France (F.Z.M.); Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Rennes, U1236, INSERM, Rennes, France (G.M., R.H.); EANM Oncology Committee, Vienna, Austria (E.L.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy (E.L.); Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (R.Y.); and Department of Medical Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging Service, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France (S.A.)
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