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Gao J, Li M, Yin J, Liu M, Wang H, Du J, Li J. The Different Strategies for the Radiolabeling of [ 211At]-Astatinated Radiopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:738. [PMID: 38931860 PMCID: PMC11206656 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Astatine-211 (211At) has emerged as a promising radionuclide for targeted alpha therapy of cancer by virtue of its favorable nuclear properties. However, the limited in vivo stability of 211At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals remains a major challenge. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current strategies for 211At radiolabeling, including nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions, as well as the recent advances in the development of novel bifunctional coupling agents and labeling approaches to enhance the stability of 211At-labeled compounds. The preclinical and clinical applications of 211At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals, including small molecules, peptides, and antibodies, are also discussed. Looking forward, the identification of new molecular targets, the optimization of 211At production and quality control methods, and the continued evaluation of 211At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals in preclinical and clinical settings will be the key to realizing the full potential of 211At-based targeted alpha therapy. With the growing interest and investment in this field, 211At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals are poised to play an increasingly important role in future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, National Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Technology (Nonclinical Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals) Research and Development Center, CNNC Key Laboratory on Radiotoxicology and Radiopharmaceutical Preclinical Evaluation, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.G.); (M.L.); (J.Y.); (M.L.)
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China;
| | - Mei Li
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, National Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Technology (Nonclinical Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals) Research and Development Center, CNNC Key Laboratory on Radiotoxicology and Radiopharmaceutical Preclinical Evaluation, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.G.); (M.L.); (J.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Jingjing Yin
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, National Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Technology (Nonclinical Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals) Research and Development Center, CNNC Key Laboratory on Radiotoxicology and Radiopharmaceutical Preclinical Evaluation, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.G.); (M.L.); (J.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Mengya Liu
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, National Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Technology (Nonclinical Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals) Research and Development Center, CNNC Key Laboratory on Radiotoxicology and Radiopharmaceutical Preclinical Evaluation, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.G.); (M.L.); (J.Y.); (M.L.)
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China;
| | - Hongliang Wang
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China;
| | - Jin Du
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China;
- China Isotope & Radiation Corporation, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, National Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Technology (Nonclinical Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals) Research and Development Center, CNNC Key Laboratory on Radiotoxicology and Radiopharmaceutical Preclinical Evaluation, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.G.); (M.L.); (J.Y.); (M.L.)
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2
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Timperanza C, Jensen H, Hansson E, Bäck T, Lindegren S, Aneheim E. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a tetrazine-conjugated poly-L-lysine effector molecule labeled with astatine-211. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:43. [PMID: 38775973 PMCID: PMC11111624 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant challenge in cancer therapy lies in eradicating hidden disseminated tumor cells. Within Nuclear Medicine, Targeted Alpha Therapy is a promising approach for cancer treatment tackling disseminated cancer. As tumor size decreases, alpha-particles gain prominence due to their high Linear Energy Transfer (LET) and short path length. Among alpha-particle emitters, 211At stands out with its 7.2 hour half-life and 100% alpha emission decay. However, optimizing the pharmacokinetics of radiopharmaceuticals with short lived radionuclides such as 211At is pivotal, and in this regard, pretargeting is a valuable tool. This method involves priming the tumor with a modified monoclonal antibody capable of binding both the tumor antigen and the radiolabeled carrier, termed the "effector molecule. This smaller, faster-clearing molecule improves efficacy. Utilizing the Diels Alder click reaction between Tetrazine (Tz) and Trans-cyclooctene (TCO), the Tz-substituted effector molecule combines seamlessly with the TCO-modified antibody. This study aims to evaluate the in vivo biodistribution of two Poly-L-Lysine-based effector molecule sizes (10 and 21 kDa), labelled with 211At, and the in vitro binding of the most favorable polymer size, in order to optimize the pretargeted radioimmunotherapy with 211At. RESULTS In vivo results favor the smaller polymer's biodistribution pattern over the larger one, which accumulates in organs like the liver and spleen. This is especially evident when comparing the biodistribution of the smaller polymer to a directly labelled monoclonal antibody. The smaller variant also shows rapid and efficient binding to SKOV-3 cells preloaded with TCO-modified Trastuzumab in vitro, emphasizing its potential. Both polymer sizes showed equal or better in vivo stability of the astatine-carbon bond compared to a monoclonal antibody labelled with the same prosthetic group. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the small Poly-L-Lysine-based effector molecule (10 kDa) holds the most promise for future research, exhibiting significantly lower uptake in the kidneys and spleen compared to the larger effector (21 kDa) while maintaining an in vivo stability of the astatine-carbon bond comparable to or better than intact antibodies. A proof of concept in vitro cell study demonstrates rapid reaction between the small astatinated effector and a TCO-labelled antibody, indicating the potential of this novel Poly-L-Lysine-based pretargeting system for further investigation in an in vivo tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Timperanza
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden.
| | - Holger Jensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radiochemistry unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Ellinor Hansson
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
- Atley Solutions AB, Gothenburg, 413 27, Sweden
| | - Tom Bäck
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
| | - Emma Aneheim
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
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3
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Rabiei M, Asadi M, Yousefnia H. Astatine-211 Radiopharmaceuticals; Status, Trends, and the Future. Curr Radiopharm 2024; 17:7-13. [PMID: 37937552 DOI: 10.2174/0118744710262325231025075638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The low range of alpha particles provides an opportunity to better target cancer cells theoretically leading to the introduction of interesting alpha emitter radiopharmaceuticals including 225Ac, 212Pb, etc. The combination of high energy and short range of alpha emitters differentiates targeted radiotherapy from other methods and reduces unwanted cytotoxicity of the cells around the tumoral tissue. Among interesting alpha emitters candidates for targeted therapy, 211At, one of the radioisotopes with the best optimal decay properties, shows great promise for targeted radiotherapy in some animal prostate cancer xenograft studies and bone micro tumors with significant effects compared to other beta and alpha emitters and also demonstrates interesting properties for clinical applications. However, production and application of this alpha emitter in the development of actinium-based radiopharmaceuticals is hampered by many obstacles. This mini-review demonstrates 211At production methods, chemical separation, radiolabeling procedures, 211At-radiopharmaceuticals and their clinical trials, transport, logistics, and costs and future trends in the field for ultimate clinical applications. This review showed that there are limited clinical trials on 211Ac-based radiopharmaceuticals, which is due to the low accessibility of this radioisotope and other limitations. However, the development programs of major industries indicate the development of 211Ac-based radiopharmaceuticals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Rabiei
- Nuclear Engineering School, Islamic Azad University Shahrood Branch, Shahrud, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Asadi
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefnia
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Tehran, Iran
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4
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Timperanza C, Jensen H, Bäck T, Lindegren S, Aneheim E. Pretargeted Alpha Therapy of Disseminated Cancer Combining Click Chemistry and Astatine-211. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040595. [PMID: 37111352 PMCID: PMC10145095 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To enhance targeting efficacy in the radioimmunotherapy of disseminated cancer, several pretargeting strategies have been developed. In pretargeted radioimmunotherapy, the tumor is pretargeted with a modified monoclonal antibody that has an affinity for both tumor antigens and radiolabeled carriers. In this work, we aimed to synthesize and evaluate poly-L-lysine-based effector molecules for pretargeting applications based on the tetrazine and trans-cyclooctene reaction using 211At for targeted alpha therapy and 125I as a surrogate for the imaging radionuclides 123, 124I. Poly-L-lysine in two sizes was functionalized with a prosthetic group, for the attachment of both radiohalogens, and tetrazine, to allow binding to the trans-cyclooctene-modified pretargeting agent, maintaining the structural integrity of the polymer. Radiolabeling resulted in a radiochemical yield of over 80% for astatinated poly-L-lysines and a range of 66-91% for iodinated poly-L-lysines. High specific astatine activity was achieved without affecting the stability of the radiopharmaceutical or the binding between tetrazine and transcyclooctene. Two sizes of poly-L-lysine were evaluated, which displayed similar blood clearance profiles in a pilot in vivo study. This work is a first step toward creating a pretargeting system optimized for targeted alpha therapy with 211At.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Timperanza
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- PET and Cyclotron Unit, KF-3982, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Bäck
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Aneheim
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Sporer E, Poulie CBM, Bäck T, Lindegren S, Jensen H, Kempen PJ, Kjaer A, Herth MM, Jensen AI. Covalent core-radiolabeling of polymeric micelles with 125I/ 211At for theranostic radiotherapy. Nanotheranostics 2022; 6:388-399. [PMID: 35912139 PMCID: PMC9330252 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.71906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Astatine-211 (211At) is one of the most promising α-emitters for targeted alpha therapy, especially of cancer metastases. However, the lack of a stable isotope, frequent in vivo deastatination, and limited radiochemical knowledge makes it challenging to apply. Here, we report a new strategy for radiolabeling the lipophilic core of polymeric micelles (PMs) with covalently bound 211At. The PMs were radiolabeled via either an indirect synthon-based method or directly on the amphipathic block copolymer. The radiochemistry was optimized with iodine-125 (125I) and then adapted for 211At, enabling the use of both elements as a potential theranostic pair. PMs that were core-radiolabeled with both 125I or 211At were prepared and characterized, based on a PEG(5k)-PLGA(10k) co-polymer. The stability of the radiolabeled PMs was evaluated in mouse serum for 21 h, showing radiochemical stability above 85%. After in vivo evaluation of the 211At- labeled PMs, 4-5 % ID/g of the 211At could still be detected in the blood, showing a promising in vivo stability of the PMs. Further, 211At-labeled PMs accumulated in the spleen (20-30 %ID/g) and the liver (2.5- 5.5 %ID/g), along with some detection of 211At in the thyroid (3.5-9 %ID/g). This led to the hypothesis that deastatination takes place in the liver, whereas good stability of the 211At core-radiolabel was observed in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Sporer
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics (The Hevesy Laboratory), DTU Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian B M Poulie
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Bäck
- Departments of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gula Stråket 2b, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Departments of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gula Stråket 2b, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul J Kempen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics (The Hevesy Laboratory), DTU Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.,National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Oersteds Plads-Building 347, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas I Jensen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics (The Hevesy Laboratory), DTU Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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6
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Recent progress of astatine-211 in endoradiotherapy: Great advances from fundamental properties to targeted radiopharmaceuticals. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Development of a phoswich detector composed of ZnS(Ag) and YAP(Ce) for astatine-211 imaging. RADIAT MEAS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2022.106734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Yang H, Wilson JJ, Orvig C, Li Y, Wilbur DS, Ramogida CF, Radchenko V, Schaffer P. Harnessing α-Emitting Radionuclides for Therapy: Radiolabeling Method Review. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:5-13. [PMID: 34503958 PMCID: PMC8717181 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted α-therapy (TAT) is an emerging powerful tool treating late-stage cancers for which therapeutic options are limited. At the core of TAT are targeted radiopharmaceuticals, where isotopes are paired with targeting vectors to enable tissue- or cell-specific delivery of α-emitters. DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) and DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) are commonly used to chelate metallic radionuclides but have limitations. Significant efforts are underway to develop effective stable chelators for α-emitters and are at various stages of development and community adoption. Isotopes such as 149Tb, 212/213Bi, 212Pb (for 212Bi), 225Ac, and 226/227Th have found suitable chelators, although further studies, especially in vivo studies, are required. For others, including 223Ra, 230U, and, arguably 211At, the ideal chemistry remains elusive. This review summarizes the methods reported to date for the incorporation of 149Tb, 211At, 212/213Bi, 212Pb (for 212Bi), 223Ra, 225Ac, 226/227Th, and 230U into radiopharmaceuticals, with a focus on new discoveries and remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yawen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - D Scott Wilbur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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9
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Fujiki K, Tanaka K. Toward Development of Practical Cancer Diagnostic and Therapeutic Molecule-Development of Efficient Click Reaction-Based Labeling Method and Radiotheranostics-. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Eychenne R, Chérel M, Haddad F, Guérard F, Gestin JF. Overview of the Most Promising Radionuclides for Targeted Alpha Therapy: The "Hopeful Eight". Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060906. [PMID: 34207408 PMCID: PMC8234975 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all existing radionuclides, only a few are of interest for therapeutic applications and more specifically for targeted alpha therapy (TAT). From this selection, actinium-225, astatine-211, bismuth-212, bismuth-213, lead-212, radium-223, terbium-149 and thorium-227 are considered as the most suitable. Despite common general features, they all have their own physical characteristics that make them singular and so promising for TAT. These radionuclides were largely studied over the last two decades, leading to a better knowledge of their production process and chemical behavior, allowing for an increasing number of biological evaluations. The aim of this review is to summarize the main properties of these eight chosen radionuclides. An overview from their availability to the resulting clinical studies, by way of chemical design and preclinical studies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Eychenne
- Groupement d’Intérêt Public ARRONAX, 1 Rue Aronnax, F-44817 Saint-Herblain, France;
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (J.-F.G.)
| | - Michel Chérel
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Férid Haddad
- Groupement d’Intérêt Public ARRONAX, 1 Rue Aronnax, F-44817 Saint-Herblain, France;
- Laboratoire Subatech, UMR 6457, Université de Nantes, IMT Atlantique, CNRS, Subatech, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - François Guérard
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Jean-François Gestin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (J.-F.G.)
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11
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Manabe S, Takashima H, Ohnuki K, Koga Y, Tsumura R, Iwata N, Wang Y, Yokokita T, Komori Y, Usuda S, Mori D, Haba H, Fujii H, Yasunaga M, Matsumura Y. Stabilization of an 211At-Labeled Antibody with Sodium Ascorbate. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14887-14895. [PMID: 34151070 PMCID: PMC8209801 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
211At, an α-particle emitter, has recently attracted attention for radioimmunotherapy of intractable cancers. However, our sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry analyses revealed that 211At-labeled immunoconjugates are easily disrupted. Luminol assay revealed that reactive oxygen species generated from radiolysis of water caused the disruption of 211At-labeled immunoconjugates. To retain their functions, we explored methods to protect 211At-immunoconjugates from oxidation and enhance their stability. Among several other reducing agents, sodium ascorbate most safely and successfully protected 211At-labeled trastuzumab from oxidative stress and retained the stability of the 211At-labeled antibody and its cytotoxicity against antigen-expressing cells for several days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Manabe
- Pharmaceutical
Department, Hoshi University 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
- Research
Center for Pharmaceutical Development Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3
Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Glycometabolic
Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takashima
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical
Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kahiwanoha, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Ohnuki
- Division
of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical
Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kahiwanoha, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Koga
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical
Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kahiwanoha, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
- Department
of Strategic Programs, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical
Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kahiwanoha, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
| | - Ryo Tsumura
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical
Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kahiwanoha, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
| | - Nozomi Iwata
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical
Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kahiwanoha, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yang Wang
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Takuya Yokokita
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yukiko Komori
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Sachiko Usuda
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Daiki Mori
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Haba
- Nishina
Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Fujii
- Division
of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical
Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kahiwanoha, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical
Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kahiwanoha, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Department
of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center
Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, 104-0045 Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Takashima H, Koga Y, Manabe S, Ohnuki K, Tsumura R, Anzai T, Iwata N, Wang Y, Yokokita T, Komori Y, Mori D, Usuda S, Haba H, Fujii H, Matsumura Y, Yasunaga M. Radioimmunotherapy with an 211 At-labeled anti-tissue factor antibody protected by sodium ascorbate. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1975-1986. [PMID: 33606344 PMCID: PMC8088967 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF), the trigger protein of the extrinsic blood coagulation cascade, is abundantly expressed in various cancers including gastric cancer. Anti-TF monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) capable of targeting cancers have been successfully applied to armed antibodies such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and molecular imaging probes. We prepared an anti-TF mAb, clone 1084, labeled with astatine-211 (211 At), as a promising alpha emitter for cancer treatment. Alpha particles are characterized by high linear energy transfer and a range of 50-100 µm in tissue. Therefore, selective and efficient tumor accumulation of alpha emitters results in potent antitumor activities against cancer cells with minor effects on normal cells adjacent to the tumor. Although the 211 At-conjugated clone 1084 (211 At-anti-TF mAb) was disrupted by an 211 At-induced radiochemical reaction, we demonstrated that astatinated anti-TF mAbs eluted in 0.6% or 1.2% sodium ascorbate (SA) solution were protected from antibody denaturation, which contributed to the maintenance of cellular binding activities and cytocidal effects of this immunoconjugate. Although body weight loss was observed in mice administered a 1.2% SA solution, the loss was transient and the radioprotectant seemed to be tolerable in vivo. In a high TF-expressing gastric cancer xenograft model, 211 At-anti-TF mAb in 1.2% SA exerted a significantly greater antitumor effect than nonprotected 211 At-anti-TF mAb. Moreover, the antitumor activities of the protected immunoconjugate in gastric cancer xenograft models were dependent on the level of TF in cancer cells. These findings suggest the clinical availability of the radioprotectant and applicability of clone 1084 to 211 At-radioimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takashima
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Koga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan.,Department of Strategic Programs, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shino Manabe
- Laboratory of Functional Molecule Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Department and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Ohnuki
- Division of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Ryo Tsumura
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Anzai
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Nozomi Iwata
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yang Wang
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Takuya Yokokita
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Yukiko Komori
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Daiki Mori
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Sachiko Usuda
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Haba
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Fujii
- Division of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
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13
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Berdal M, Gouard S, Eychenne R, Marionneau-Lambot S, Croyal M, Faivre-Chauvet A, Chérel M, Gaschet J, Gestin JF, Guérard F. Investigation on the reactivity of nucleophilic radiohalogens with arylboronic acids in water: access to an efficient single-step method for the radioiodination and astatination of antibodies. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1458-1468. [PMID: 34163909 PMCID: PMC8179031 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05191h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Easy access to radioiodinated and 211At-labelled bio(macro)molecules is essential to develop new strategies in nuclear imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy of cancers. Yet, the labelling of complex molecules with heavy radiohalogens is often poorly effective due to the multiple steps and intermediate purifications needed. Herein, we investigate the potential of arylboron chemistry as an alternative approach for the late stage labelling of antibodies. The reactivity of a model precursor, 4-chlorobenzeneboronic acid (1) with nucleophilic iodine-125 and astatine-211 was at first investigated in aqueous conditions. In the presence of a copper(ii) catalyst and 1,10-phenanthroline, quantitative radiochemical yields (RCYs) were achieved within 30 minutes at room temperature. The optimum conditions were then applied to a CD138 targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb) that has previously been validated for imaging and therapy in a preclinical model of multiple myeloma. RCYs remained high (>80% for 125I-labelling and >95% for 211At-labelling), and the whole procedure led to increased specific activities within less time in comparison with previously reported methods. Biodistribution study in mice indicated that targeting properties of the radiolabelled mAb were well preserved, leading to a high tumour uptake in a CD138 expressing tumour model. The possibility of divergent synthesis from a common modified carrier protein demonstrated herein opens facilitated perspectives in radiotheranostic applications with the radioiodine/211At pairs. Overall, the possibility to develop radiolabelling kits offered by this procedure should facilitate its translation to clinical applications. The high reactivity of astatine and iodine in water with arylboronic acids provides access to an efficient single-step antibody radiolabelling.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Berdal
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Sébastien Gouard
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Romain Eychenne
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France .,Arronax GIP Saint-Herblain France
| | - Séverine Marionneau-Lambot
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Nantes Nantes France
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- CRNH-O, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility F-44000 Nantes France.,NUN, INRA, CHU Nantes, UMR 1280, PhAN, IMAD, CRNH-O F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Alain Faivre-Chauvet
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Nantes Nantes France
| | - Michel Chérel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France .,ICO-René Gauducheau Saint-Herblain France
| | - Joëlle Gaschet
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France
| | | | - François Guérard
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA F-44000 Nantes France
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14
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Palm S, Bäck T, Aneheim E, Hallqvist A, Hultborn R, Jacobsson L, Jensen H, Lindegren S, Albertsson P. Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of 211At-labeled farletuzumab in an intraperitoneal mouse model of disseminated ovarian cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100873. [PMID: 32987283 PMCID: PMC7522120 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibodies labeled with alpha-emitter astatine-211 have previously shown effective in intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatments of ovarian cancer. In the present work we explore the use of investigational farletuzumab, aimed at the folate receptor alpha. The aim was to evaluate the biodistribution and therapeutic effect of 211At-farletuzumab in in-vitro and in-vivo experiments and, using models for radiation dosimetry, to translate the findings to expected clinical result. The activity concentration used for therapy in mice (170 kBq/mL) was chosen to be in agreement with an activity concentration that is anticipated to be clinically relevant in patients (200 MBq/L). Methods For biodistribution, using intravenous injections and mice carrying subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors, the animals were administered either 211At-farletuzumab (n = 16); or with a combination of 125I-farletuzumab and 211At-MX35 (n = 12). At 1, 3, 10 and 22 h, mice were euthanized and s.c.-tumors and organs weighted and measured for radioactivity. To evaluate therapeutic efficacy, mice were inoculated i.p. with 2 × 106 NIH:OVCAR-3 cells. Twelve days later, the treatments were initiated by i.p.-administration. Specific treatment was given by 211At-labeled farletuzumab (group A; n = 22, 170 kBq/mL) which is specific for OVCAR-3 cells. Control treatments were given by either 211At-labeled rituximab which is unspecific for OVCAR-3 (group B; n = 22, 170 kBq/mL), non-radiolabeled farletuzumab (group C; n = 11) or PBS only (group D; n = 8). Results The biodistribution of 211At-farletuzumab was similar to that with 125I as radiolabel, and also to that of 211At-labeled MX35 antibody. The tumor-free fraction (TFF) of the three control groups were all low (PBS 12%, unlabeled specific farletuzumab 9% and unspecific 211At-rituximab 14%). TFF following treatment with 211At-farletuzumab was 91%. Conclusion The current investigation of intraperitoneal therapy with 211At-farletuzumab, delivered at clinically relevant 211At-mAb radioactivity concentrations and specific activities, showed a 6 to 10-fold increase (treated versus controls) in antitumor efficacy. This observation warrants further clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stig Palm
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tom Bäck
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Emma Aneheim
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hallqvist
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ragnar Hultborn
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Jacobsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- Cyclotron and PET Unit, KF-3982, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Albertsson
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Wang X, Ma W, Liu W, Ma H, Yang Y, Wang Y, Liu N, Yang G. Construction and Preclinical Evaluation of 211At Labeled Anti-mesothelin Antibodies as Potential Targeted Alpha Therapy Drugs. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:684-690. [PMID: 32648573 PMCID: PMC7482154 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is a promising tumor therapy that can specifically transport α particle to the vicinity of tumor cells while the normal cells are only slightly irradiated. Mesothelin is a highly promising molecular signature for many types of solid tumors including malignant mesothelioma, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer and lung adenocarcinoma etc., while the expression in normal human tissues are limited, thus making mesothelin a promising antigen for TAT. Previously we developed a theoretical model that could predict and optimize in vitro screening of potential TAT drugs. The aim of the study is construction and preclinical evaluation of 211At labeled anti-mesothelin antibodies as potential TAT drugs. Mesothelin expression of two tumor cell lines were confirmed by flow cytometry, and their radiosensitivities were also evaluated. We used two kinds of anti-mesothelin antibodies, ET210-6 and ET210-28, to construct TAT drugs. Then, radiochemical purity, stability in vitro, affinity of the conjugates and mesothelin expression level were assessed. The specific killing of mesothelin-positive cancer cells treated by 211At-ET210-28 and 211At-ET210-6 were studied via Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and colony formation assay. 211At-ET210-28 and 211At-ET210-6 revealed excellent affinity and stability in both phosphate buffer saline and fetal bovine serum environment. Radiolabeled antibody conjugates bound specifically to mesothelin-positive cells in vitro. Both 211At-ET210-28 and 211At-ET210-6 could specifically kill mesothelin-positive cells with negligible damages to mesothelin-negative cells. Our findings provide initial proof-of-concept for the potential use of 211At labeled ET210-28/ET210-6 anti-mesothelin antibody in specific killings of mesothelin-positive tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wenzong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Weihao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Huan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Gen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. Dr. Gen Yang, State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Chengfu Road 201, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China. , Phone: +86-10-6275-1879, Fax: +86-10-6275-1875
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16
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Lindegren S, Albertsson P, Bäck T, Jensen H, Palm S, Aneheim E. Realizing Clinical Trials with Astatine-211: The Chemistry Infrastructure. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:425-436. [PMID: 32077749 PMCID: PMC7465635 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the consensus around the clinical potential of the α-emitting radionuclide astatine-211 (211At), there are only a limited number of research facilities that work with this nuclide. There are three main reasons for this: (1) Scarce availability of the nuclide. Despite a relatively large number of globally existing cyclotrons capable of producing 211At, few cyclotron facilities produce the nuclide on a regular basis. (2) Lack of a chemical infrastructure, that is, isolation of 211At from irradiated targets and the subsequent synthesis of an astatinated product. At present, the research groups that work with 211At depend on custom systems for recovering 211At from the irradiated targets. Setting up and implementing such custom units require long lead times to provide a proper working system. (3) The chemistry of 211At. Compared with radiometals there are no well-established and generally accepted synthesis methods for forming sufficiently stable bonds between 211At and the tumor-specific vector to allow for systemic applications. Herein we present an overview of the infrastructure of producing 211At radiopharmaceuticals, from target to radiolabeled product including chemical strategies to overcome hurdles for advancement into clinical trials with 211At.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics and Targeted Alpha Therapy Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Albertsson
- Department of Oncology, Targeted Alpha Therapy Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tom Bäck
- Department of Radiation Physics and Targeted Alpha Therapy Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- Cyclotron and PET unit KF-3982, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Palm
- Department of Radiation Physics and Targeted Alpha Therapy Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Aneheim
- Department of Radiation Physics and Targeted Alpha Therapy Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Vaidyanathan G, Pozzi OR, Choi J, Zhao XG, Murphy S, Zalutsky MR. Labeling Monoclonal Antibody with α-emitting 211At at High Activity Levels via a Tin Precursor. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:511-519. [PMID: 32109139 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In a previous clinical study, the authors evaluated the potential of antitenascin C monoclonal antibody (mAb) 81C6 labeled with 211At via the prosthetic agent N-succinimidyl 3-[211At]astatobenzoate (SAB) for the treatment of primary brain tumors. Although encouraging results were obtained, labeling chemistry failed while attempting to escalate the dose to 370 MBq. The goal of the current study was to develop a revised procedure less susceptible to radiolysis-mediated effects on 211At labeling that would be suitable for use at higher activity levels of this α-emitter. Materials and Methods: Addition of N-chlorosuccinimide to the methanol used to remove the 211At from the cryotrap after bismuth target distillation was done to thwart radiolytic decomposition of reactive 211At and the tin precursor. A series of 11 reactions were performed to produce SAB at initial 211At activity levels of 0.31-2.74 GBq from 50 μg of N-succinimidyl 3-trimethylstannylbenzoate (Me-STB), which was then reacted with murine 81C6 mAb without purification of the SAB intermediate. Radiochemical purity, immunoreactive fraction, sterility, and apyrogenicity of the 211At-labeled 81C6 preparations were evaluated. Results: Murine 81C6 mAb was successfully labeled with 211At using these revised procedures with improved radiochemical yields and decreased overall synthesis time compared with the original clinical labeling procedure. Conclusions: With 2.74 GBq of 211At, it was possible to produce 1.0 GBq of 211At-labeled 81C6 with an immunoreactive fraction of 92%. These revised procedures permit production of 211At-labeled mAbs suitable for use at clinically relevant activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Oscar R Pozzi
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jaeyeon Choi
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiao-Guang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shawn Murphy
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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18
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Bäck TA, Jennbacken K, Hagberg Thulin M, Lindegren S, Jensen H, Olafsen T, Yazaki PJ, Palm S, Albertsson P, Damber JE, Wu AM, Welén K. Targeted alpha therapy with astatine-211-labeled anti-PSCA A11 minibody shows antitumor efficacy in prostate cancer xenografts and bone microtumors. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:10. [PMID: 32048062 PMCID: PMC7013029 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-0600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is a promising treatment for micrometastatic and minimal residual cancer. We evaluated systemic α-radioimmunotherapy (α-RIT) of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) using the α-particle emitter 211At-labeled to the anti-PSCA A11 minibody. A11 is specific for prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), a cell surface glycoprotein which is overexpressed in more than 90% of both localized prostate cancer and bone metastases. METHODS PC3-PSCA cells were implanted subcutaneously (s.c.) and intratibially (i.t) in nude mice. Efficacy of α-RIT (two fractions-14-day interval) was studied on s.c. macrotumors (0, 1.5 and 1.9 MBq) and on i.t. microtumors (~100-200 μm; 0, 0.8 or 1.5 MBq) by tumor-volume measurements. The injected activities for therapies were estimated from separate biodistribution and myelotoxicity studies. RESULTS Tumor targeting of 211At-A11 was efficient and the effect on s.c. macrotumors was strong and dose-dependent. At 6 weeks, the mean tumor volumes for the treated groups, compared with controls, were reduced by approximately 85%. The separate myelotoxicity study following one single fraction showed reduced white blood cells (WBC) for all treated groups on day 6 after treatment. For the 0.8 and 1.5 MBq, the WBC reductions were transient and followed by recovery at day 13. For 2.4 MBq, a clear toxicity was observed and the mice were sacrificed on day 7. In the long-term follow-up of the 0.8 and 1.5 MBq-groups, blood counts on day 252 were normal and no signs of radiotoxicity observed. Efficacy on i.t. microtumors was evaluated in two experiments. In experiment 1, the tumor-free fraction (TFF) was 95% for both treated groups and significantly different (p < 0.05) from the controls at a TFF of 66%). In experiment 2, the difference in TFF was smaller, 32% for the treated group versus 20% for the controls. However, the difference in microtumor volume in experiment 2 was highly significant, 0.010 ± 0.003 mm3 versus 3.79 ± 1.24 mm3 (treated versus controls, respectively), i.e., a 99.7% reduction (p < 0.001). The different outcome in experiment 1 and 2 is most likely due to differences in microtumor sizes at therapy, or higher tumor-take in experiment 2 (where more cells were implanted). CONCLUSION Evaluating fractionated α-RIT with 211At-labeled anti-PSCA A11 minibody, we found clear growth inhibition on both macrotumors and intratibial microtumors. For mice treated with multiple fractions, we also observed radiotoxicity manifested by progressive loss in body weight at 30 to 90 days after treatment. Our findings are conceptually promising for a systemic TAT of mCRPC and warrant further investigations of 211At-labeled PSCA-directed vectors. Such studies should include methods to improve the therapeutic window, e.g., by implementing a pretargeted regimen of α-RIT or by altering the size of the targeting vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A Bäck
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gula stråket 2B SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Karin Jennbacken
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Bioscience Cardiovascular, Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Hagberg Thulin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gula stråket 2B SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- PET and Cyclotron Unit, KF-3982, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tove Olafsen
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Yazaki
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Stig Palm
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gula stråket 2B SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Albertsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Damber
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Karin Welén
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Rangger C, Haubner R. Radiolabelled Peptides for Positron Emission Tomography and Endoradiotherapy in Oncology. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E22. [PMID: 32019275 PMCID: PMC7169460 DOI: 10.3390/ph13020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review deals with the development of peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for the use with positron emission tomography and peptide receptor radiotherapy. It discusses the pros and cons of this class of radiopharmaceuticals as well as the different labelling strategies, and summarises approaches to optimise metabolic stability. Additionally, it presents different target structures and addresses corresponding tracers, which are already used in clinical routine or are being investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland Haubner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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20
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Aneheim E, Palm S, Jensen H, Ekberg C, Albertsson P, Lindegren S. Towards elucidating the radiochemistry of astatine - Behavior in chloroform. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15900. [PMID: 31685874 PMCID: PMC6828679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted alpha therapy of disseminated cancer is an emerging technique where astatine-211 is one of the most promising candidate nuclides. Although astatine has been known for over 70 years, its chemistry is still largely unexplored, mainly due to the lack of stable or long-lived isotopes. However, substantial amounts of astatine-211 can be produced in cyclotrons by the bombardment of natural bismuth. The astatine can be recovered from the resulting irradiated target material through either wet extraction or dry-distillation. Chloroform has become an important intermediate solvent for the recovery of astatine after production, especially following dry distillation. In this work, the radiochemistry of astatine in chloroform was investigated using evaporation, solvent extraction, chromatographic methods and molecular modeling. The extraction of astatine in chloroform led to the formation of multiple astatine species, allowing for evaporation of the solvent to dryness without any loss of activity. Radiolysis products of chloroform were shown to play an important role in the speciation of astatine forming both reactive and kinetically stable compounds. It was hypothesized that reactions with chlorine, as well as trichloromethyl hydroperoxide, forming polar astatine compounds are important reactions under the current experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Aneheim
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy,University of Gothenburg, SE41345, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Oncology, SE41345, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Energy and Materials - Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Stig Palm
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy,University of Gothenburg, SE41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- PET and Cyclotron Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, KF3982, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Ekberg
- Department of Energy and Materials - Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Albertsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Oncology, SE41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy,University of Gothenburg, SE41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Kodaira S, Morokoshi Y, Li HK, Konishi T, Kurano M, Hasegawa S. Evidence of Local Concentration of α-Particles from 211At-Labeled Antibodies in Liver Metastasis Tissue. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:497-501. [PMID: 30291193 PMCID: PMC6448461 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.216853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the local concentration of α-particles from 211At-labeled trastuzumab antibodies against human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 antigens in liver metastasis tissue of mice. Methods: Mice carrying metastatic cancer in their liver were injected with 211At-agent. After 12 h, the liver was removed and sliced, and 2 tissue samples of liver tissues without lesions and one containing metastatic lesions were mounted on the CR-39 plastic nuclear track detector. Microscope images of the tissues on the CR-39 were acquired. After irradiation for 31 h, the tissues were removed from the CR-39. A microscope image of α-particle tracks on the CR-39 was acquired after chemical etching. The positions of each tissue sample and the emitted α-particle tracks were adjusted to the same coordinates. Results: The positional distribution of α-particle tracks emitted from 211At was consistent within the tissue. The α-particle tracks were mainly allocated in the tumor region of the tissue. The absorbed dose in individual cells segmented by 10-μm intervals was obtained by the spectroscopic analysis of the linear-energy-transfer spectrum. The concentration efficiency-the track density ratio of α-particle tracks in the necrotized tissue, which was the tumor region, to the normal tissue-was found to be 6.0 ± 0.2. In the tumor region, the high-linear-energy-transfer α-particles deposited a large enough dose to cause lethal damage to the cancer cells. Conclusion: The total absorbed dose ranged from 1 to 7 Gy with a peak at around 2 Gy, which would correspond to a 2-3 times higher biologically equivalent dose because of the high relative biological effectiveness of the α-particles emitted from 211At.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kodaira
- Radiation Measurement Research Team, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukie Morokoshi
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Team, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan; and
| | - Huizi Keiko Li
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Team, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan; and
| | - Teruaki Konishi
- Regenerative Therapy Research Team, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mieko Kurano
- Radiation Measurement Research Team, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Hasegawa
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Team, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan; and
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22
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Ma W, Wang X, Liu W, Ma H, Su Y, Yang Y, Liu N, Wang Y, Yang G. A Theoretical Model for Predicting and Optimizing In Vitro Screening of Potential Targeted Alpha-Particle Therapy Drugs. Radiat Res 2019; 191:475-482. [PMID: 30830838 DOI: 10.1667/rr15297.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
One highly promising approach to cancer treatment, especially for tumors that have undergone micrometastasis, is targeted alpha-particle therapy (TAT). However, the development of a TAT drug has been impeded due to numerous unsuccessful attempts to establish effective in vitro screening methods. The goal of this study was to construct a model to predict and optimize in vitro screening of potential TAT drugs. Based on mean field hypothesis, microdosimetry and the classic linear-quadratic equation, a novel model was built, which can predict our own in vitro experiments and replicate published data from others. Interestingly, this model can also be used to quickly optimize several key parameters in in vitro screening of potential TAT drugs, instructing the optimal combinations of the expression level of antigen, the binding affinity of antibody and drug antibody ratio, as well as others. In addition, to conveniently evaluate the therapeutic benefit of different drugs, a simple but universal parameter, the death ratio, is proposed. To our knowledge, this is the first model that can predict and guide the optimization of in vitro potential targeted alpha-particle therapy drug screening, which may then accelerate the development of potential targeted alpha-particle therapy drugs dramatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzong Ma
- a State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Weihao Liu
- b Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Huan Ma
- b Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yue Su
- a State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyou Yang
- b Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- b Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yugang Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Gen Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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23
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Hallqvist A, Bergmark K, Bäck T, Andersson H, Dahm-Kähler P, Johansson M, Lindegren S, Jensen H, Jacobsson L, Hultborn R, Palm S, Albertsson P. Intraperitoneal α-Emitting Radioimmunotherapy with 211At in Relapsed Ovarian Cancer: Long-Term Follow-up with Individual Absorbed Dose Estimations. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1073-1079. [PMID: 30683761 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.220384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eliminating microscopic residual disease with α-particle radiation is theoretically appealing. After extensive preclinical work with α-particle-emitting 211At, we performed a phase I trial with intraperitoneal α-particle therapy in epithelial ovarian cancer using 211At conjugated to MX35, the antigen-binding fragments-F(ab')2-of a mouse monoclonal antibody. We now present clinical outcome data and toxicity in a long-term follow-up with individual absorbed dose estimations. Methods: Twelve patients with relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer, achieving a second complete or nearly complete response with chemotherapy, received intraperitoneal treatment with escalating (20-215 MBq/L) activity concentrations of 211At-MX35 F(ab')2. Results: The activity concentration was escalated to 215 MBq/L without any dose-limiting toxicities. Most toxicities were low-grade and likely related to the treatment procedure, not clearly linked to the α-particle irradiation, with no observed hematologic toxicity. One grade 3 fatigue and 1 grade 4 intestinal perforation during catheter implantation were observed. Four patients had a survival of more than 6 y, one of whom did not relapse. At progression, chemotherapy was given without signs of reduced tolerability. Overall median survival was 35 mo, with a 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-y survival of 100%, 83%, 50%, and 25%, respectively. Calculations of the absorbed doses showed that a lower specific activity is associated with a lower single-cell dose, whereas a high specific activity may result in a lower central dose in microtumors. Individual differences in absorbed dose to possible microtumors were due to variations in administered activity and the specific activity. Conclusion: No apparent signs of radiation-induced toxicity or decreased tolerance to relapse therapy were observed. The dosimetric calculations show that further optimization is advisable to increase the efficacy and reduce possible long-term toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hallqvist
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Bergmark
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tom Bäck
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Andersson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Dahm-Kähler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Mia Johansson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- PET and Cyclotron Unit, KF-3982, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Jacobsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ragnar Hultborn
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stig Palm
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Albertsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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24
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Ogawa K. Development of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Probes with Controlled Pharmacokinetics for Use in Radiotheranostics. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:897-903. [PMID: 31474726 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The word "theranostics," a portmanteau word made by combining "therapeutics" and "diagnostics," refers to a personalized medicine concept. Recently, the word, "radiotheranostics," has also been used in nuclear medicine as a term that refer to the use of radioisotopes for combined imaging and therapy. For radiotheranostics, a diagnostic probe and a corresponding therapeutic probe can be prepared by introducing diagnostic and therapeutic radioisotopes into the same precursor. These diagnostic and therapeutic probes can be designed to show equivalent pharmacokinetics, which is important for radiotheranostics. As imaging can predict the absorbed radiation dose and thus the therapeutic and side effects, radiotheranostics can help achieve the goal of personalized medicine. In this review, I discuss the use of radiolabeled probes targeting bone metastases, sigma-1 receptor, and αVβ3 integrin for radiotheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Ogawa
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
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25
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Franco Machado J, Silva RD, Melo R, G Correia JD. Less Exploited GPCRs in Precision Medicine: Targets for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics. Molecules 2018; 24:E49. [PMID: 30583594 PMCID: PMC6337414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine relies on individually tailored therapeutic intervention taking into account individual variability. It is strongly dependent on the availability of target-specific drugs and/or imaging agents that recognize molecular targets and patient-specific disease mechanisms. The most sensitive molecular imaging modalities, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), rely on the interaction between an imaging radioprobe and a target. Moreover, the use of target-specific molecular tools for both diagnostics and therapy, theranostic agents, represent an established methodology in nuclear medicine that is assuming an increasingly important role in precision medicine. The design of innovative imaging and/or theranostic agents is key for further accomplishments in the field. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), apart from being highly relevant drug targets, have also been largely exploited as molecular targets for non-invasive imaging and/or systemic radiotherapy of various diseases. Herein, we will discuss recent efforts towards the development of innovative imaging and/or theranostic agents targeting selected emergent GPCRs, namely the Frizzled receptor (FZD), Ghrelin receptor (GHSR-1a), G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), and Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR). The pharmacological and clinical relevance will be highlighted, giving particular attention to the studies on the synthesis and characterization of targeted molecular imaging agents, biological evaluation, and potential clinical applications in oncology and non-oncology diseases. Whenever relevant, supporting computational studies will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Franco Machado
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rúben D Silva
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
| | - Rita Melo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; Rua Larga, Faculdade de Medicina, Polo I, 1ºandar, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
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26
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Fujiki K, Kanayama Y, Yano S, Sato N, Yokokita T, Ahmadi P, Watanabe Y, Haba H, Tanaka K. 211At-labeled immunoconjugate via a one-pot three-component double click strategy: practical access to α-emission cancer radiotherapeutics. Chem Sci 2018; 10:1936-1944. [PMID: 30881623 PMCID: PMC6385556 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04747b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Emission radiotherapeutics has potential to be one of most effective cancer therapeutics. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of an 211At-labeled immunoconjugate for use as an α-emission molecular targeting therapy. We synthesized a tetrazine probe modified with closo-decaborate(2-), a prosthetic group that forms a bioavailable stable complex with 211At. Our one-pot three-component double-click labeling method was used to attach decaborate to trastuzumab (anti-HER2 antibody) using decaborate-tetrazine and TCO-aldehyde probes without reducing the antibody binding affinity. Labeling the decaborate-attached trastuzumab with 211At produced in the cyclotron at the RIKEN Nishina Center, at which highly radioactive 211At can be produced, readily furnished the 211At-labeled trastuzumab with a maximum specific activity of 15 MBq μg-1 and retention of the native binding affinity. Intratumor injection of the 211At-labeled trastuzumab in BALB/c nude mice implanted with HER2-expressing epidermoid cancer cells yielded efficient accumulation at the targeted tumor site as well as effective suppression of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumasa Fujiki
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan . .,GlycoTargeting Research Laboratory , RIKEN Baton Zone Program , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Yousuke Kanayama
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science , RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research , 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku , Kobe , Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
| | - Shinya Yano
- Nuclear Chemistry Research Team , RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Nozomi Sato
- Nuclear Chemistry Research Team , RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Takuya Yokokita
- Nuclear Chemistry Research Team , RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Peni Ahmadi
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan .
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science , RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research , 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku , Kobe , Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Haba
- Nuclear Chemistry Research Team , RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan . .,GlycoTargeting Research Laboratory , RIKEN Baton Zone Program , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan.,Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory , A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry , Kazan Federal University , 18 Kremlyovskaya Street , Kazan 420008 , Russia
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27
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Ikeda H, Hayashi Y, Takahashi N, Watabe T, Kanai Y, Shinohara A, Kato H, Watabe H, Shimosegawa E, Hatazawa J. Application of astatine-210: Evaluation of astatine distribution and effect of pre-injected iodide in whole body of normal rats. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 139:251-255. [PMID: 29870920 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We proposed use of astatine-210 in preclinical study. Astatine-210 has higher yield of production and is easier to quantify than astatine-211. We produced astatine-210 with Bi target and 40 MeV alpha beam accelerated by cyclotron, free astatine-210 was separated and injected to normal rats. Three male rats (blocking group) were injected non-radioactive iodide before injection of astatine-210. Compared with the control group, the astatine-210 accumulations in the blocking group decreased to 24% in the thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Ikeda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Naruto Takahashi
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Kanai
- Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shinohara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watabe
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan.
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28
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Liu W, Ma H, Tang Y, Chen Q, Peng S, Yang J, Liao J, Yang Y, Li Q, Liu N. One-step labelling of a novel small-molecule peptide with astatine-211: preliminary evaluation in vitro and in vivo. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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29
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Palm S, Bäck T, Lindegren S, Hultborn R, Jacobsson L, Albertsson P. Model of Intraperitoneal Targeted α-Particle Therapy Shows That Posttherapy Cold-Antibody Boost Enhances Microtumor Radiation Dose and Treatable Tumor Sizes. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:646-651. [PMID: 29175984 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.201285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraperitoneally administered radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been tested in several clinical trials, often with promising results, but have never proven curative. Methods: We have previously presented simulations of clinically relevant amounts of intraperitoneal 90Y-mAbs for treatment of minimal disease and shown that such treatments are unlikely to eradicate microtumors. Our previous model simulated the kinetics of intraperitoneally infused radiolabeled mAbs in humans and showed the benefit of instead using α-emitters such as 211At. In the current work, we introduce penetration of mAbs into microtumors with radii of up to 400 μm. Calculations were performed using dynamic simulation software. To determine the radiation dose distribution in nonvascularized microtumors of various sizes after intraperitoneal 211At-radioimmunotherapy, we used an in-house-developed Monte Carlo program for microdosimetry. Our aim was to find methods that optimize the therapy for as wide a tumor size range as possible. Results: Our results show that high-specific-activity radiolabeled mAbs that are bound to a tumor surface will penetrate slowly compared with the half-lives of 211At and shorter-lived radionuclides. The inner-core cells of tumors with radii exceeding 100 μm may therefore not be sufficiently irradiated. For lower specific activities, the penetration rate and dose distribution will be more favorable for such tumors, but the dose to smaller microtumors and single cells will be low. Conclusion: Our calculations show that the addition of a boost with unlabeled mAb 1-5 h after therapy results in sufficient absorbed doses both to single cells and throughout microtumors up to approximately 300 μm in radius. This finding should also hold for other high-affinity mAbs and short-lived α-emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stig Palm
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Tom Bäck
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Ragnar Hultborn
- Department of Oncology, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Jacobsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Per Albertsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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30
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Kodaira S, Li HK, Konishi T, Kitamura H, Kurano M, Hasegawa S. Validating α-particle emission from 211At-labeled antibodies in single cells for cancer radioimmunotherapy using CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178472. [PMID: 28658304 PMCID: PMC5489156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, 211At has received increasing attention as a potential radionuclide for cancer radioimmunotherapy. It is a α-particle emitter, which is extremely effective against malignant cells. We demonstrate a method to verify the efficiency of 211At-labeled trastuzumab antibodies (211At-trastuzumab) against HER2 antigens, which has not been determined for radioimmunotherapy. A CR-39 plastic nuclear detector is used for measuring the position and the linear energy transfer (LET) of individual 211At α- particle tracks. The tracks and 211At-trastuzumab-binding cells were co-visualized by using the geometric information recorded on the CR-39. HER2-positive human gastric cancer cells (NCI-N87), labelled with 211At-trastuzumab, were dropped on the centre of the CR-39 plate. Microscope images of the cells and the corresponding α-tracks acquired by position matching were obtained. In addition, 3.5 cm × 3.5 cm macroscopic images of the whole plate were acquired. The distribution of number of α-particles emitted from single cells suggests that 80% of the 211At-trastuzumab-binding cells emitted α-particles. It also indicates that the α-particles may strike the cells several times along their path. The track-averaged LET of the α-particles is evaluated to be 131 keV/μm. These results will enable quantitative evaluation of delivered doses to target cells, and will be useful for the in vitro assessment of 211At-based radioimmunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kodaira
- Radiation Measurement Research Team, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Huizi Keiko Li
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Team, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- JSPS Research Fellow, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Teruaki Konishi
- Regenerative Therapy Research Team, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kitamura
- Radiation Measurement Research Team, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mieko Kurano
- Radiation Measurement Research Team, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Hasegawa
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Team, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Li HK, Morokoshi Y, Nagatsu K, Kamada T, Hasegawa S. Locoregional therapy with α-emitting trastuzumab against peritoneal metastasis of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive gastric cancer in mice. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1648-1656. [PMID: 28514062 PMCID: PMC5543454 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer (PMGC) is incurable and thus has an extremely poor prognosis. We have found, however, that locoregionally administered trastuzumab armed with astatine‐211 (211At‐trastuzumab) is effective against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive PMGC in a xenograft mouse model. We first observed that 211At‐trastuzumab can specifically bind and effectively kill NCI‐N87 (N87) cells, which are HER2‐positive human metastatic GC cells, both in vitro and in s.c. tumors. We established a PMGC mouse model using N87 xenografts stably expressing luciferase to test α‐particle radioimmunotherapy with 211At‐trastuzumab against PMGC. Biodistribution analysis in this PMGC mouse model revealed that the i.p. administration of 211At‐trastuzumab (1 MBq) was a more efficient means of delivery of 211At into metastatic tumors than i.v. injection; the maximum tumor uptake with i.p. administration was over 60% injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) compared to approximately 18%ID/g with i.v. injection. Surprisingly, a single i.p. injection of 211At‐trastuzumab (1 MBq) was sufficient to completely eradicate intraperitoneally disseminated HER2‐positive GC xenografts in two of six treated mice by inducing DNA double‐strand breaks, and to drastically reduce the tumor burden in another three mice. No bodyweight loss, leukocytopenia, or significant biochemical changes in liver or kidney function were observed in the treatment group. Accordingly, locoregionally administered 211At‐trastuzumab significantly prolonged the survival time of HER2‐positive PMGC mice compared with control treatments. Our results provide a proof‐of‐concept demonstration that locoregional therapy with 211At‐trastuzumab may offer a new treatment option for HER2‐positive PMGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizi Keiko Li
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Team, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Morokoshi
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Team, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- Targetry and Target Chemistry Team, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kamada
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Clinical Research Cluster, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Hasegawa
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Team, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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32
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Bäck T, Chouin N, Lindegren S, Kahu H, Jensen H, Albertsson P, Palm S. Cure of Human Ovarian Carcinoma Solid Xenografts by Fractionated α-Radioimmunotherapy with 211At-MX35-F(ab') 2: Influence of Absorbed Tumor Dose and Effect on Long-Term Survival. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:598-604. [PMID: 27688477 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.178327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate whether targeted α-therapy can be used to successfully treat macrotumors, in addition to its established role for treating micrometastatic and minimal disease. We used an intravenous fractionated regimen of α-radioimmunotherapy in a subcutaneous tumor model in mice. We aimed to evaluate the absorbed dose levels required for tumor eradication and growth monitoring, as well as to evaluate long-term survival after treatment. Methods: Mice bearing subcutaneous tumors (50 mm3, NIH:OVCAR-3) were injected repeatedly (1-3 intravenous injections 7-10 d apart, allowing bone marrow recovery) with 211At-MX35-F(ab')2 at different activities (close to acute myelotoxicity). Mean absorbed doses to tumors and organs were estimated from biodistribution data and summed for the fractions. Tumor growth was monitored for 100 d and survival for 1 y after treatment. Toxicity analysis included body weight, white blood cell count, and hematocrit. Results: Effects on tumor growth after fractionated α-radioimmunotherapy with 211At-MX35-F(ab')2 was strong and dose-dependent. Complete remission (tumor-free fraction, 100%) was found for tumor doses of 12.4 and 16.4 Gy. The administered activities were high, and long-term toxicity effects (≤60 wk) were clear. Above 1 MBq, the median survival decreased linearly with injected activity, from 44 to 11 wk. Toxicity was also seen by reduced body weight. White blood cell count analysis after α-radioimmunotherapy indicated bone marrow recovery for the low-activity groups, whereas for high-activity groups the reduction was close to acute myelotoxicity. A decrease in hematocrit was seen at a late interval (34-59 wk after therapy). The main external indication of poor health was dehydration. Conclusion: Having observed complete eradication of solid tumor xenografts, we conclude that targeted α-therapy regimens may stretch beyond the realm of micrometastatic disease and be eradicative also for macrotumors. Our observations indicate that at least 10 Gy are required. This agrees well with the calculated tumor control probability. Considering a relative biological effectiveness of 5, this dose level seems reasonable. However, complete remission was achieved first at activity levels close to lethal and was accompanied by biologic effects that reduced long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Bäck
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Kahu
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Holger Jensen
- PET and Cyclotron Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Albertsson
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Stig Palm
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Göstring L, Lindegren S, Gedda L. 17AAG-induced internalisation of HER2-specific Affibody molecules. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2574-2580. [PMID: 27698830 PMCID: PMC5038849 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The geldanamycin derivative 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) is known to induce internalisation and degradation of the otherwise internalisation-resistant human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptor. In the present study, 17-AAG was used to increase internalisation of the HER2-specific Affibody molecule ABY-025. The cellular redistribution of halogen-labelled 211At-ABY-025 and radiometal-labelled 111In-ABY-025 following treatment with 17-AAG was studied. 17-AAG treatment of SKOV-3 human ovarian carcinoma and SKBR-3 human breast carcinoma cells to some extent shifted the localisation of 111In-ABY-025 from the cell surface to intracellular compartments in the two cell lines. ABY-025 labelled with the high-linear energy transfer α emitter 211At was also internalised to a higher degree; however, due to its physiological properties, this nuclide was excreted faster. The results indicate that 17-AAG may be used to facilitate cell-specific intracellular localisation of a suitable cytotoxic or radioactive agent coupled to ABY-025 in HER2-overexpressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovisa Göstring
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Gedda
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, SE-17116, Stockholm, Sweden
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Aneheim E, Gustafsson A, Albertsson P, Bäck T, Jensen H, Palm S, Svedhem S, Lindegren S. Synthesis and Evaluation of Astatinated N-[2-(Maleimido)ethyl]-3-(trimethylstannyl)benzamide Immunoconjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:688-97. [PMID: 26791409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatment of metastasis is a great challenge in the treatment of different types of cancers. Targeted alpha therapy utilizes the short tissue range (50-100 μm) of α particles, making the method suitable for treatment of disseminated occult cancers in the form of microtumors or even single cancer cells. A promising radioactive nuclide for this type of therapy is astatine-211. Astatine-211 attached to tumor-specific antibodies as carrier molecules is a system currently under investigation for use in targeted alpha therapy. In the common radiolabeling procedure, astatine is coupled to the antibody arbitrarily on lysine residues. By instead coupling astatine to disulfide bridges in the antibody structure, the immunoreactivity of the antibody conjugates could possibly be increased. Here, the disulfide-based conjugation was performed using a new coupling reagent, maleimidoethyl 3-(trimethylstannyl)benzamide (MSB), and evaluated for chemical stability in vitro. The immunoconjugates were subsequently astatinated, resulting in both high radiochemical yield and high specific activity. The MSB-conjugate was shown to be stable with a long shelf life prior to the astatination. In a comparison of the in vivo distribution of the new immunoconjugate with other tin-based immunoconjugates in tumor-bearing mice, the MSB conjugation method was found to be a viable option for successful astatine labeling of different monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Aneheim
- Department of Radiation Physics, Gothenburg University , Gula Stråket 2B, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Gustafsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Gothenburg University , Gula Stråket 2B, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Albertsson
- Department of Oncology, Gothenburg University , 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tom Bäck
- Department of Radiation Physics, Gothenburg University , Gula Stråket 2B, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- PET and Cyclotron Unit, KF3982, Copenhagen University Hospital , DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Palm
- Department of Radiation Physics, Gothenburg University , Gula Stråket 2B, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Svedhem
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics, Gothenburg University , Gula Stråket 2B, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Aneheim E, Albertsson P, Bäck T, Jensen H, Palm S, Lindegren S. Automated astatination of biomolecules--a stepping stone towards multicenter clinical trials. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12025. [PMID: 26169786 PMCID: PMC4500947 DOI: 10.1038/srep12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To facilitate multicentre clinical studies on targeted alpha therapy, it is necessary to develop an automated, on-site procedure for conjugating rare, short-lived, alpha-emitting radionuclides to biomolecules. Astatine-211 is one of the few alpha-emitting nuclides with appropriate chemical and physical properties for use in targeted therapies for cancer. Due to the very short range of the emitted α-particles, this therapy is particularly suited to treating occult, disseminated cancers. Astatine is not intrinsically tumour-specific; therefore, it requires an appropriate tumour-specific targeting vector, which can guide the radiation to the cancer cells. Consequently, an appropriate method is required for coupling the nuclide to the vector. To increase the availability of astatine-211 radiopharmaceuticals for targeted alpha therapy, their production should be automated. Here, we present a method that combines dry distillation of astatine-211 and a synthesis module for producing radiopharmaceuticals into a process platform. This platform will standardize production of astatinated radiopharmaceuticals, and hence, it will facilitate large clinical studies focused on this promising, but chemically challenging, alpha-emitting radionuclide. In this work, we describe the process platform, and we demonstrate the production of both astaine-211, for preclinical use, and astatine-211 labelled antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Aneheim
- Targeted Alpha Therapy, Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg 41345, Sweden
| | - Per Albertsson
- Targeted Alpha Therapy, Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg 41345, Sweden
| | - Tom Bäck
- Targeted Alpha Therapy, Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg 41345, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- PET and Cyclotron unit, KF3982, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Palm
- Targeted Alpha Therapy, Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg 41345, Sweden
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Targeted Alpha Therapy, Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg 41345, Sweden
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Cederkrantz E, Andersson H, Bernhardt P, Bäck T, Hultborn R, Jacobsson L, Jensen H, Lindegren S, Ljungberg M, Magnander T, Palm S, Albertsson P. Absorbed Doses and Risk Estimates of (211)At-MX35 F(ab')2 in Intraperitoneal Therapy of Ovarian Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 93:569-76. [PMID: 26460999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ovarian cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage with dissemination in the peritoneal cavity. Most patients achieve clinical remission after surgery and chemotherapy, but approximately 70% eventually experience recurrence, usually in the peritoneal cavity. To prevent recurrence, intraperitoneal (i.p.) targeted α therapy has been proposed as an adjuvant treatment for minimal residual disease after successful primary treatment. In the present study, we calculated absorbed and relative biological effect (RBE)-weighted (equivalent) doses in relevant normal tissues and estimated the effective dose associated with i.p. administration of (211)At-MX35 F(ab')2. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients in clinical remission after salvage chemotherapy for peritoneal recurrence of ovarian cancer underwent i.p. infusion of (211)At-MX35 F(ab')2. Potassium perchlorate was given to block unwanted accumulation of (211)At in thyroid and other NIS-containing tissues. Mean absorbed doses to normal tissues were calculated from clinical data, including blood and i.p. fluid samples, urine, γ-camera images, and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography images. Extrapolation of preclinical biodistribution data combined with clinical blood activity data allowed us to estimate absorbed doses in additional tissues. The equivalent dose was calculated using an RBE of 5 and the effective dose using the recommended weight factor of 20. All doses were normalized to the initial activity concentration of the infused therapy solution. RESULTS The urinary bladder, thyroid, and kidneys (1.9, 1.8, and 1.7 mGy per MBq/L) received the 3 highest estimated absorbed doses. When the tissue-weighting factors were applied, the largest contributors to the effective dose were the lungs, stomach, and urinary bladder. Using 100 MBq/L, organ equivalent doses were less than 10% of the estimated tolerance dose. CONCLUSION Intraperitoneal (211)At-MX35 F(ab')2 treatment is potentially a well-tolerated therapy for locally confined microscopic ovarian cancer. Absorbed doses to normal organs are low, but because the effective dose potentially corresponds to a risk of treatment-induced carcinogenesis, optimization may still be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Cederkrantz
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Andersson
- Department of Oncology, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Bernhardt
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tom Bäck
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ragnar Hultborn
- Department of Oncology, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Jacobsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- PET and Cyclotron Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Ljungberg
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tobias Magnander
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stig Palm
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Albertsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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37
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Lindegren S, Andrade LNS, Bäck T, Machado CML, Horta BB, Buchpiguel C, Moro AM, Okamoto OK, Jacobsson L, Cederkrantz E, Washiyama K, Aneheim E, Palm S, Jensen H, Tuma MCB, Chammas R, Hultborn R, Albertsson P. Binding Affinity, Specificity and Comparative Biodistribution of the Parental Murine Monoclonal Antibody MX35 (Anti-NaPi2b) and Its Humanized Version Rebmab200. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126298. [PMID: 25970341 PMCID: PMC4430291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this preclinical study was to evaluate the characteristics of the monoclonal antibody Rebmab200, which is a humanized version of the ovarian-specific murine antibody MX35. This investigation contributes to the foundation for future clinical α-radioimmunotherapy of minimal residual ovarian cancer with 211At-Rebmab200. Here, the biodistribution of 211At-Rebmab200 was evaluated, as was the utility of 99mTc-Rebmab200 for bioimaging. Rebmab200 was directly compared with its murine counterpart MX35 in terms of its in-vitro capacity for binding the immobilized NaPi2B epitope and live cells; we also assessed its biodistribution in nude mice carrying subcutaneous OVCAR-3 tumors. Tumor antigen and cell binding were similar between Rebmab200 and murine MX35, as was biodistribution, including normal tissue uptake and in-vivo tumor binding. We also demonstrated that 99mTc-Rebmab200 can be used for single-photon emission computed tomography of subcutaneous ovarian carcinomas in tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, our data support the further development of Rebmab200 for radioimmunotherapy and diagnostics.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibody Affinity
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Astatine/chemistry
- Carcinoma/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/immunology
- Carcinoma/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- Radioimmunotherapy
- Radiopharmaceuticals/chemistry
- Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIb/genetics
- Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIb/metabolism
- Technetium/chemistry
- Tissue Distribution
- Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg,Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luciana N. S. Andrade
- Recepta Biopharma, São Paulo, Brasil
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Tom Bäck
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg,Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Camila Maria L. Machado
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica Radioisótopos-LIM43, Departamento de Radiologiae Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Carlos Buchpiguel
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica Radioisótopos-LIM43, Departamento de Radiologiae Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Maria Moro
- Laboratório de Biofármacos em Células Animais, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Oswaldo Keith Okamoto
- Recepta Biopharma, São Paulo, Brasil
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lars Jacobsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg,Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elin Cederkrantz
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg,Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kohshin Washiyama
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg,Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Aneheim
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg,Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stig Palm
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg,Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- Cyclotron and PET Unit, KF-3982, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ragnar Hultborn
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Per Albertsson
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg Sweden
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N-[2-(maleimido)ethyl]-3-(trimethylstannyl)benzamide, a molecule for radiohalogenation of proteins and peptides. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 96:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Aneheim E, Halleröd J, Albertsson P, Jensen H, Holgersson S, Lindegren S. Shelf-life of ɛ-lysyl-3-(trimethylstannyl)benzamide immunoconjugates, precursors for 211At labeling of antibodies. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2015; 30:41-5. [PMID: 25588020 PMCID: PMC4322786 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2014.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astatine-211 is possibly the most promising radionuclide for targeted α-particle therapy when it comes to the treatment of occult disseminated cancer. Preclinical research has proven effective, and patient studies have been initiated based on these results. However, a lack of production capacity and the complex radiochemistry of (211)At are major obstacles for research and prospective clinical applications. In the present study, astatination of immunoconjugates, already prepared well in advance before radiolabeling, was performed to investigate the possibility of formulating a kit-like reagent for the production of (211)At radiopharmaceuticals. The shelf-life of ɛ-lysyl-3-(trimethylstannyl)benzamide immunoconjugates was evaluated, that is, the effect of different storage times on the quality of the immunoconjugates. The quality being referred to is the capacity to maintain a good radiochemical yield and good cell-binding property after labeling with (211)At. The stability of the conjugates was found to be pH dependent with high stability at pH≥7 and less stability at pH≤5.5. The immunoconjugates (based on trastuzumab) could be kept for more than 3 months in a phosphate buffered saline solution (pH 7.4) at 4°C before labeling, without compromising the quality of the labeled product. The conjugates are also unaffected by storage at -20°C. Conjugates with a good shelf-life compatible with distant shipping as well as improved radiochemistry are important steps to facilitate further clinical progress with (211)At.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Aneheim
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Halleröd
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Per Albertsson
- Department of Oncology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- PET and Cyclotron Unit, KF3982, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stellan Holgersson
- Division of Energy and Materials, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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Pasternack JB, Domogauer JD, Khullar A, Akudugu JM, Howell RW. The advantage of antibody cocktails for targeted alpha therapy depends on specific activity. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:2012-9. [PMID: 25349219 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.141580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonuniform dose distributions among disseminated tumor cells can be a significant limiting factor in targeted α therapy. This study examines how cocktails of radiolabeled antibodies can be formulated to overcome this limitation. METHODS Cultured MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of a cocktail of 4 fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies. The amount of each antibody bound to each cell was quantified using flow cytometry. A spreadsheet was developed to "arm" the antibodies with any desired radionuclide and specific activity, calculate the absorbed dose to each cell, and perform a Monte Carlo simulation of the surviving fraction of cells after exposure to cocktails of different antibody combinations. Simulations were performed for the α-particle emitters (211)At, (213)Bi, and (225)Ac. RESULTS Activity delivered to the least labeled cell can be increased by 200%-400% with antibody cocktails, relative to the best-performing single antibody. Specific activity determined whether a cocktail or a single antibody achieved greater cell killing. With certain specific activities, cocktails outperformed single antibodies by a factor of up to 244. There was a profound difference (≤16 logs) in the surviving fraction when a uniform antibody distribution was assumed and compared with the experimentally observed nonuniform distribution. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that targeted α therapy can be improved with customized radiolabeled antibody cocktails. Depending on the antibody combination and specific activity of the radiolabeled antibodies, cocktails can provide a substantial advantage in tumor cell killing. The methodology used in this analysis provides a foundation for pretreatment prediction of tumor cell survival in the context of personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B Pasternack
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey; and
| | - Jason D Domogauer
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey; and
| | - Alisha Khullar
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey; and
| | - John M Akudugu
- Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Roger W Howell
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey; and
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Aneheim E, Jensen H, Albertsson P, Lindegren S. Astatine-211 labeling: a study towards automatic production of astatinated antibodies. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Eriksson SE, Elgström E, Bäck T, Ohlsson T, Jensen H, Nilsson R, Lindegren S, Tennvall J. Sequential Radioimmunotherapy with 177Lu- and 211At-Labeled Monoclonal Antibody BR96 in a Syngeneic Rat Colon Carcinoma Model. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2014; 29:238-46. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2014.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Elgström
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tom Bäck
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Ohlsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- Cyclotron and PET Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune Nilsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Tennvall
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Chouin N, Lindegren S, Frost SHL, Jensen H, Albertsson P, Hultborn R, Palm S, Jacobsson L, Bäck T. Ex vivo activity quantification in micrometastases at the cellular scale using the α-camera technique. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1347-53. [PMID: 23761919 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Targeted α-therapy (TAT) appears to be an ideal therapeutic technique for eliminating malignant circulating, minimal residual, or micrometastatic cells. These types of malignancies are typically infraclinical, complicating the evaluation of potential treatments. This study presents a method of ex vivo activity quantification with an α-camera device, allowing measurement of the activity taken up by tumor cells in biologic structures a few tens of microns. METHODS We examined micrometastases from a murine model of ovarian carcinoma after injection of a radioimmunoconjugate labeled with (211)At for TAT. At different time points, biologic samples were excised and cryosectioned. The activity level and the number of tumor cells were determined by combined information from 2 adjacent sections: one exposed to the α-camera and the other stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The time-activity curves for tumor cell clusters, comprising fewer than 10 cells, were derived for 2 different injected activities (6 and 1 MBq). RESULTS High uptake and good retention of the radioimmunoconjugate were observed at the surface of tumor cells. Dosimetric calculations based on the measured time-integrated activity indicated that for an injected activity of 1 MBq, isolated tumor cells received at least 12 Gy. In larger micrometastases (≤ 100 μm in diameter), the activity uptake per cell was lower, possibly because of hindered penetration of radiolabeled antibodies; however, the mean absorbed dose delivered to tumor cells was above 30 Gy, due to cross-fire irradiation. CONCLUSION Using the α-camera, we developed a method of ex vivo activity quantification at the cellular scale, which was further applied to characterize the behavior of a radiolabeled antibody administered in vivo against ovarian carcinoma. This study demonstrated a reliable measurement of activity. This method of activity quantification, based on experimentally measured data, is expected to improve the relevance of small-scale dosimetry studies and thus to accelerate the optimization of TAT.
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Eriksson SE, Bäck T, Elgström E, Jensen H, Nilsson R, Lindegren S, Tennvall J. Successful radioimmunotherapy of established syngeneic rat colon carcinoma with 211At-mAb. EJNMMI Res 2013; 3:23. [PMID: 23557183 PMCID: PMC3621254 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-3-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most carcinomas are prone to metastasize despite successful treatment of the primary tumor. One way to address this clinical challenge may be targeted therapy with α-emitting radionuclides such as astatine-211 (211At). Radioimmunotherapy utilizing α-particle emitting radionuclides is considered especially suitable for the treatment of small cell clusters and single cells, although lesions of different sizes may also be present in the patient. The aim of this study was primarily to evaluate the toxicity and secondarily in vivo efficacy of a 211At-labeled monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against colon carcinoma with tumor diameters of approximately 10 mm. Methods Eighteen rats with subperitoneal syngeneic colon carcinoma were allocated to three groups of six animals together with three healthy rats in each group. The groups were injected intravenously with either 150 μg of unlabeled mAbs (controls) or 2.5 or 5 MBq 211At-mAbs directed towards the Lewis Y antigen expressed on the cell membrane of several carcinomas. Tumor volume, body weight, and blood cell counts were monitored for 100 days after treatment. Results Local tumors were non-palpable in five out of six rats after treatment with both activities of 211At-mAbs, compared to one out of six in the control group. At the study end, half of the animals in each group given 211At-BR96 and one animal in the control group were free from disease. Radioimmunotherapy resulted in dose-dependent, transient weight loss and myelotoxicity. Survival was significantly better in the groups receiving targeted alpha therapy than in those receiving unlabeled mAbs. Conclusions This study demonstrates the possibility of treating small, solid colon carcinoma tumors with α-emitting radionuclides such as 211At bound to mAbs, with tolerable toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Eriksson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, Lund 221 85, Sweden.
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Danielsson A, Claesson K, Parris TZ, Helou K, Nemes S, Elmroth K, Elgqvist J, Jensen H, Hultborn R. Differential gene expression in human fibroblasts after alpha-particle emitter211At compared with60Co irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 89:250-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.746751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Frost SHL, Bäck T, Chouin N, Hultborn R, Jacobsson L, Elgqvist J, Jensen H, Albertsson P, Lindegren S. Comparison of 211At-PRIT and 211At-RIT of ovarian microtumors in a nude mouse model. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 28:108-14. [PMID: 23230896 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract Purpose: Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) against intraperitoneal (i.p.) ovarian microtumors using avidin-conjugated monoclonal antibody MX35 (avidin-MX35) and (211)At-labeled, biotinylated, succinylated poly-l-lysine ((211)At-B-PLsuc) was compared with conventional radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using (211)At-labeled MX35 in a nude mouse model. METHODS Mice were inoculated i.p. with 1×10(7) NIH:OVCAR-3 cells. After 3 weeks, they received PRIT (1.0 or 1.5 MBq), RIT (0.9 MBq), or no treatment. Concurrently, 10 additional animals were sacrificed and examined to determine disease progression at the start of therapy. Treated animals were analyzed with regard to presence of tumors and ascites (tumor-free fraction; TFF), 8 weeks after therapy. RESULTS Tumor status at baseline was advanced: 70% of sacrificed animals exhibited ascites. The TFFs were 0.35 (PRIT 1.0 MBq), 0.45 (PRIT 1.5 MBq), and 0.45 (RIT). The 1.5-MBq PRIT group exhibited lower incidence of ascites and fewer tumors >1 mm than RIT-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS PRIT was as effective as RIT with regard to TFF; however, the size distribution of tumors and presence of ascites indicated that 1.5-MBq PRIT was more efficient. Despite advanced disease in many animals at the time of treatment, PRIT demonstrated good potential to treat disseminated ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia H L Frost
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Cederkrantz E, Angenete E, Bäck T, Falk P, Haraldsson B, Ivarsson ML, Jensen H, Lindegren S, Hultborn R, Jacobsson L. Evaluation of effects on the peritoneum after intraperitoneal α-radioimmunotherapy with (211)At. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:353-64. [PMID: 22690847 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of the short-lived α-emitter (211)At to intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy has raised the issue of the tolerance dose of the peritoneum. The short range of the α-particles (70 μm) and the short half-life (7.21 h) of the nuclide yield a dose distribution in which the peritoneum is highly irradiated compared with other normal tissues. To address this issue, mice were injected with (211)At-trastuzumab to irradiate the peritoneum to absorbed doses ranging between 0 and 50 Gy and followed for up to 34 weeks. The peritoneum-to-plasma clearance of a small tracer, (51)Cr-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, was measured for evaluation of the small solute transport capacity of the peritoneal membrane. The macroscopic status of the peritoneum and the mesenteric windows was documented when the mice were sacrificed. Biopsies of the peritoneum were taken for morphology and immunohistochemical staining against plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and calprotectin. Peritoneum-to-plasma clearance measurements indicated a dose-dependent decrease in peritoneal transport capacity in irradiated mice. However, macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of the peritoneal membrane showed no difference between irradiated mice versus controls. The results imply that the peritoneal membrane tolerates absorbed doses as high as 30-50 Gy from α-particle irradiation with limited response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Cederkrantz
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Vaidyanathan G, Zalutsky MR. Applications of 211At and 223Ra in targeted alpha-particle radiotherapy. Curr Radiopharm 2012; 4:283-94. [PMID: 22202151 DOI: 10.2174/1874471011104040283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeted radiotherapy using agents tagged with α-emitting radionuclides is gaining traction with several clinical trials already undertaken or ongoing, and others in the advanced planning stage. The most commonly used α-emitting radionuclides are 213Bi, 211At, 223Ra and 225Ac. While each one of these has pros and cons, it can be argued that 211At probably is the most versatile based on its half life, decay scheme and chemistry. On the other hand, for targeting bone metastases, 223Ra is the ideal radionuclide because simple cationic radium can be used for this purpose. In this review, we will discuss the recent developments taken place in the application of 211At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals and give an overview of the current status of 223Ra for targeted α-particle radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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Sabatié-Gogova A, Champion J, Huclier S, Michel N, Pottier F, Galland N, Asfari Z, Chérel M, Montavon G. Characterization of At− species in simple and biological media by high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled to gamma detector. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 721:182-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Comparison of therapeutic efficacy and biodistribution of 213Bi- and 211At-labeled monoclonal antibody MX35 in an ovarian cancer model. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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