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Pun MD, Gallazzi F, Ho KV, Watkinson L, Carmack TL, Iweha E, Li L, Anderson CJ. Albumin-Binding Lutetium-177-Labeled LLP2A Derivatives as Theranostics for Melanoma. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2960-2969. [PMID: 38680059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) is a transmembrane integrin protein that is highly expressed in aggressive forms of metastatic melanoma. A small-molecule peptidomimetic, LLP2A, was found to have a low pM affinity binding to VLA-4. Because LLP2A itself does not inhibit cancer cell proliferation and survival, it is an ideal candidate for the imaging and delivery of therapeutic payloads. An analog of [177Lu]Lu-labeled-LLP2A was previously investigated as a therapeutic agent in melanoma tumor-bearing mice, resulting in only a modest improvement in tumor growth inhibition, likely due to rapid clearance of the agent from the tumor. To improve the pharmacokinetic profile, DOTAGA-PEG4-LLP2A with a 4-(p-iodophenyl)butyric acid (pIBA) albumin binding moiety was synthesized. We demonstrate the feasibility of this albumin binding strategy by comparing in vitro cell binding assays and in vivo biodistribution performance of [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA-PEG4-LLP2A ([177Lu]Lu-1) to the albumin binding [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA-pIBA-PEG4-LLP2A ([177Lu]Lu-2). In vitro cell binding assay results for [177Lu]Lu-1 and [177Lu]Lu-2 showed Kd values of 0.40 ± 0.07 and 1.75 ± 0.40 nM, with similar Bmax values of 200 ± 6 and 315 ± 15 fmol/mg, respectively. In vivo biodistribution data for both tracers exhibited specific uptake in the tumor, spleen, thymus, and bone due to endogenous expression of VLA-4. Compound [177Lu]Lu-2 exhibited a much longer blood circulation time compared to [177Lu]Lu-1. The tumor uptake for [177Lu]Lu-1 was highest at 1 h (∼15%ID/g) and that for [177Lu]Lu-2 was highest at 4 h (∼23%ID/g). Significant clearance of [177Lu]Lu-1 from the tumor occurs at 24 h (<5%ID/g) while[177Lu]Lu-2 is retained for greater than 96 h (∼10%ID/g). An efficacy study showed that melanoma tumor-bearing mice receiving compound [177Lu]Lu-2 given in two fractions (2 × 14.8 MBq, 14 days apart) had a greater median survival time than mice administered a single 29.6 MBq dose of compound [177Lu]Lu-1, while a single 29.6 MBq dose of [177Lu]Lu-2 imparted hematopoietic toxicity. The in vitro and in vivo data show addition of pIBA to [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA-PEG4-LLP2A slows blood clearance for a higher tumor uptake, and there is potential of [177Lu]Lu-2 as a theranostic in fractionated administered doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Pun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Fabio Gallazzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Molecular Interactions Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Khanh-Van Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Lisa Watkinson
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Research Division, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Terry L Carmack
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Research Division, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Ejike Iweha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Longbo Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
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Pyo A, Yun M, Song B, Kwon SY, Min JJ, Kim DY. Synthesis and evaluation of 18F-labeled procainamide as a PET imaging agent for malignant melanoma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 96:129528. [PMID: 37852422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma has an aggressive nature and a high metastatic propensity resulting in the highest mortality rate of any skin cancer. In this study, we synthesized 18F-labeled procainamide (PCA) for detection of melanoma using positron emission tomography (PET), and evaluated its biological characteristics. The non-decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 18F-PCA was 10-15% and its in vitro stability was over 98% for 2 h. At 1 h, cellular uptake of 18F-PCA was 3.8-fold higher in a group with the presence of l-tyrosine than in a non-l-tyrosine-treated group. Furthermore, 18F-PCA permitted visualization of B16F10 (mouse melanoma) xenografts on microPET after intravenous injection, and was retained in the tumor for 60 min, with a high tumor-to-liver uptake ratio. 18F-PCA showed specific melanoma uptake in primary lesions with a high melanin targeting ability in small animal models. 18F-PCA may have potential as a PET imaging agent for direct melanoma detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoung Pyo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Yun
- Hygenic Safety-Material Research Group, Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Boreum Song
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Young Kwon
- Innovation Center for Molecular Probe Development, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Innovation Center for Molecular Probe Development, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea; CNCure Biotech, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea; CNCure Biotech, Hwasun, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Li H, Peng W, Zhen Z, Zhang W, Liao S, Wu X, Wang L, Xuan A, Gao Y, Xu J. Integrin α vβ 3 and EGFR dual-targeted [ 64Cu]Cu-NOTA-RGD-GE11 heterodimer for PET imaging in pancreatic cancer mouse model. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 124-125:108364. [PMID: 37591041 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiolabeled heterodimeric peptide has emerged as a highly promising targeting strategy for PET imaging due to their superior properties. RGD and GE11 are two peptides binding to receptor integrin αvβ3 and EGFR, respectively, which both overexpress in many different types of tumors. This study focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of a RGD and GE11-containing heterodimeric radiotracer [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-RGD-GE11 for PET imaging of tumors that simultaneously overexpress integrin αvβ3 and EGFR. PROCEDURES [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-RGD-GE11 was prepared by the conjugation of RGD-PEG4-NOTA-N3 and GE11-PEG4-BCN via metal-free click chemistry, followed by radiolabeling with 64Cu. Cell uptake and efflux studies, saturation binding assay, the animal PET/CT and biodistribution studies were conducted to characterize the biological properties of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-RGD-GE11. RESULTS [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-RGD-GE11 was synthesized with a radiochemical purity of >97 % and molar activity of 23 GBq/μmol at the end of synthesis. [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-RGD-GE11 showed moderate hydrophilicity, good stability in mouse serum and high specific uptake by the human pancreatic cancer cell line (BxPC3) in the in vitro studies. Compared to the two monomeric counterparts [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-RGD and [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-GE11, [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-RGD-GE11 demonstrated significantly improved tumor uptakes (e.g. 4.63 ± 0.25 %ID/g vs 1.24 ± 0.18 %ID/g and 0.77 ± 0.13 %ID/g, 2 h after injection, p < 0.05) in the subsequent in vivo evaluation in mice bearing BxPC3 xenograft. Tumor uptake could be blocked in the presence of both non-radioactive c(RGDyK) and GE11 peptides, indicating good tumor specificity of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-RGD-GE11 in vivo. CONCLUSION The results suggested that the as-developed [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-RGD-GE11 could serve as a potential PET tracer for the noninvasive imaging of integrin αvβ3 and EGFR expression in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Novel Molecular Probes and Clinical Translation in Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Wenhua Peng
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhifei Zhen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Novel Molecular Probes and Clinical Translation in Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Novel Molecular Probes and Clinical Translation in Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Shuguang Liao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Novel Molecular Probes and Clinical Translation in Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Novel Molecular Probes and Clinical Translation in Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Li Wang
- Henan Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Ang Xuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Novel Molecular Probes and Clinical Translation in Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
| | - Yongju Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Novel Molecular Probes and Clinical Translation in Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
| | - Junling Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Novel Molecular Probes and Clinical Translation in Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
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Zhu Q, Barnes CE, Mannes PZ, Latoche JD, Day KE, Nedrow JR, Novelli EM, Anderson CJ, Tavakoli S. Targeted imaging of very late antigen-4 for noninvasive assessment of lung inflammation-fibrosis axis. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:55. [PMID: 37273103 PMCID: PMC10240482 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of noninvasive methods for assessment of dysregulated inflammation as a major driver of fibrosis (i.e., inflammation-fibrosis axis) has been a major challenge to precision management of fibrotic lung diseases. Here, we determined the potential of very late antigen-4 (VLA-4)-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) to detect inflammation in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced fibrotic lung injury. METHOD Single time-point and longitudinal VLA-4-targeted PET was performed using a high-affinity peptidomimetic radiotracer, 64Cu-LLP2A, at weeks 1, 2, and 4 after bleomycin-induced (2.5 units/kg) lung injury in C57BL/6J mice. The severity of fibrosis was determined by measuring the hydroxyproline content of the lungs and expression of markers of extracellular matrix remodeling. Flow cytometry and histology was performed to determine VLA-4 expression across different leukocyte subsets and their spatial distribution. RESULTS Lung uptake of 64Cu-LLP2A was significantly elevated throughout different stages of the progression of bleomycin-induced injury. High lung uptake of 64Cu-LLP2A at week-1 post-bleomycin was a predictor of poor survival over the 4-week follow up, supporting the prognostic potential of 64Cu-LLP2A PET during the early stage of the disease. Additionally, the progressive increase in 64Cu-LLP2A uptake from week-1 to week-4 post-bleomycin correlated with the ultimate extent of lung fibrosis and ECM remodeling. Flow cytometry revealed that LLP2A binding was restricted to leukocytes. A combination of increased expression of VLA-4 by alveolar macrophages and accumulation of VLA-4-expressing interstitial and monocyte-derived macrophages as well as dendritic cells was noted in bleomycin-injured, compared to control, lungs. Histology confirmed the increased expression of VLA-4 in bleomycin-injured lungs, particularly in inflamed and fibrotic regions. CONCLUSIONS VLA-4-targeted PET allows for assessment of the inflammation-fibrosis axis and prediction of disease progression in a murine model. The potential of 64Cu-LLP2A PET for assessment of the inflammation-fibrosis axis in human fibrotic lung diseases needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite E200, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Clayton E Barnes
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite E200, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Philip Z Mannes
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite E200, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph D Latoche
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Day
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessie R Nedrow
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite E200, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Enrico M Novelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sina Tavakoli
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite E200, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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5
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Gomari MM, Abkhiz S, Pour TG, Lotfi E, Rostami N, Monfared FN, Ghobari B, Mosavi M, Alipour B, Dokholyan NV. Peptidomimetics in cancer targeting. Mol Med 2022; 28:146. [PMID: 36476230 PMCID: PMC9730693 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The low efficiency of treatment strategies is one of the main obstacles to developing cancer inhibitors. Up to now, various classes of therapeutics have been developed to inhibit cancer progression. Peptides due to their small size and easy production compared to proteins are highly regarded in designing cancer vaccines and oncogenic pathway inhibitors. Although peptides seem to be a suitable therapeutic option, their short lifespan, instability, and low binding affinity for their target have not been widely applicable against malignant tumors. Given the peptides' disadvantages, a new class of agents called peptidomimetic has been introduced. With advances in physical chemistry and biochemistry, as well as increased knowledge about biomolecule structures, it is now possible to chemically modify peptides to develop efficient peptidomimetics. In recent years, numerous studies have been performed to the evaluation of the effectiveness of peptidomimetics in inhibiting metastasis, angiogenesis, and cancerous cell growth. Here, we offer a comprehensive review of designed peptidomimetics to diagnose and treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahmoudi Gomari
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Abkhiz
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taha Ghantab Pour
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Lotfi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Rostami
- grid.411425.70000 0004 0417 7516Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nafe Monfared
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Ghobari
- grid.412831.d0000 0001 1172 3536Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mona Mosavi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behruz Alipour
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Medical Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA ,grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
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Zhang X, Li M, Gai Y, Chen J, Tao J, Yang L, Hu F, Song W, Yen TC, Lan X. 18F-PFPN PET: A New and Attractive Imaging Modality for Patients with Malignant Melanoma. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1537-1543. [PMID: 35115367 PMCID: PMC9536710 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
18F-FDG PET has limited diagnostic applications in malignant melanoma (MM). 18F-N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-5-(2-(2-(2-fluoroethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)picolinamide (18F-PFPN) is a novel PET probe with high affinity and selectivity for melanin. We conducted a clinical study with 2 aims, first to investigate the biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 18F-PFPN in healthy volunteers, and second, to examine the diagnostic utility of 18F-PFPN PET imaging in patients with MM. Methods: 18F-PFPN was synthesized through a fluoro-for-tosyl exchange reaction. Five healthy volunteers were enrolled to investigate the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, radiation dosimetry, and safety of the tracer. Subsequently, a total of 21 patients with clinically suspected or confirmed MM underwent both 18F-PFPN PET/MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. The normalized SUVmax of selected lesions was determined for both tracers and compared in patient- and lesion-based analyses. Results: 18F-PFPN has an elevated radiochemical yield and was highly stable in vivo. In healthy volunteers, 18F-PFPN was safe and well tolerated, and its effective absorbed dose was comparable to that of 18F-FDG. In patient-based analysis, 18F-PFPN uptake was higher than 18F-FDG for both primary tumors and nodal metastases. In lesion-based analysis,18F-PFPN PET imaging could detect 365 metastases that were missed on 18F-FDG PET. Additionally, 18F-PFPN PET imaging had clinical value in distinguishing false-positive lesions on 18F-FDG PET. Conclusion: 18F-PFPN is a safe and well-tolerated melanin PET tracer. In a pilot clinical study, 18F-PFPN PET imaging outperformed traditional 18F-FDG PET in identifying both primary MM and its distant spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyu Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; and
- Aprinoia Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
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7
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Park JH, Zhang X, Ha H, Kim JY, Choi JY, Lee KH, Byun Y, Choe YS. A High-Affinity 64Cu-Labeled Ligand for PET Imaging of Hepsin: Design, Synthesis, and Characterization. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091109. [PMID: 36145330 PMCID: PMC9503212 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepsin, a cell surface serine protease, is a potential biomarker for the detection of prostate cancer due to its high expression in prostate cancer but not in normal prostate. This study aimed to develop a radioligand for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of hepsin. Six leucine–arginine (Leu–Arg) dipeptide derivatives (two diastereomers for each of three ligands) were synthesized and evaluated for their binding affinities and selectivity for hepsin. Based on the binding assay, a natCu-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-conjugated ligand (3B) was selected for the development of a PET radioligand. [64Cu]3B was synthesized by labeling the DOTA-conjugated compound 11B with [64Cu]CuCl2 at 80 °C for 20 min. The radioligand was evaluated for prostate cancer cell binding and PET imaging in a prostate tumor mouse model. The results demonstrated that [64Cu]3B exhibited high binding to LNCaP cells, intermediate binding to 22Rv1 cells, and low binding to PC3 cells. PET studies of [64Cu]3B in mice, implanted with 22Rv1 and PC3 cells on each flank, revealed that the radioligand uptake was high and persistent in the 22Rv1 tumors over time, whereas it was low in PC3 tumors. The results of this study suggest that [64Cu]3B is a promising PET radioligand for hepsin imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hun Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Xuran Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Joon Young Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Kyung-Han Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Yearn Seong Choe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
- Correspondence:
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8
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Qiao Z, Xu J, Gonzalez R, Miao Y. Novel 64Cu-Labeled NOTA-Conjugated Lactam-Cyclized Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Peptides with Enhanced Tumor to Kidney Uptake Ratios. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2535-2541. [PMID: 35486894 PMCID: PMC10188253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of linker on tumor targeting and biodistribution of 64Cu-NOTA-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex {64Cu-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triyl-triacetic acid-polyethylene glycol-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-CONH2} and 64Cu-NOTA-AocNle-CycMSHhex {64Cu-NOTA-8-aminooctanoic acid-Nle-CycMSHhex} on melanoma-bearing mice. NOTA-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex and NOTA-AocNle-CycMSHhex were synthesized and purified by HPLC. The melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities of the peptides were examined on B16/F10 melanoma cells. The biodistributions of 64Cu-NOTA-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex and 64Cu-NOTA-AocNle-CycMSHhex were determined on B16/F10 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. The melanoma imaging property of 64Cu-NOTA-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex was further examined on B16/F10 melanoma-bearing C57 mice because of its higher melanoma uptake than 64Cu-NOTA-AocNle-CycMSHhex. The IC50 values of NOTA-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex and NOTA-AocNle-CycMSHhex were 1.24 ± 0.07 and 2.75 ± 0.48 nM on B10/F10 melanoma cells. 64Cu-NOTA-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex and 64Cu-NOTA-AocNle-CycMSHhex were readily prepared with more than 90% radiolabeling yields and showed MC1R-specific binding on B16/F10 cells. 64Cu-NOTA-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex exhibited higher tumor uptake than 64Cu-NOTA-AocNle-CycMSHhex at 0.5, 2, 4, and 24 h post-injection. The tumor uptake of 64Cu-NOTA-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex was 16.23 ± 0.42, 19.59 ± 1.48, 12.83 ± 1.69, and 8.78 ± 2.29% ID/g at 0.5, 2, 4, and 24 h post-injection, respectively. Normal organ uptake of 64Cu-NOTA-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex was lower than 2% ID/g at 2 h post-injection except for kidney uptake. The renal uptake of 64Cu-NOTA-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex was 3.66 ± 0.52, 3.27 ± 0.52, and 1.47 ± 0.56 ID/g at 2, 4, and 24 h post-injection, respectively. 64Cu-NOTA-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex showed high tumor to normal organ uptake ratios after 2 h post-injection. The B16/F10 melanoma lesions could be clearly visualized by positron emission tomography (PET) using 64Cu-NOTA-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex as an imaging probe at 2 h post-injection. High tumor uptake and low kidney uptake of 64Cu-NOTA-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex underscored its potential as an MC1R-targeted theranostic peptide for melanoma imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qiao
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jingli Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rene Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yubin Miao
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Bellavia MC, Nyiranshuti L, Latoche JD, Ho KV, Fecek RJ, Taylor JL, Day KE, Nigam S, Pun M, Gallazzi F, Edinger RS, Storkus WJ, Patel RB, Anderson CJ. PET Imaging of VLA-4 in a New BRAF V600E Mouse Model of Melanoma. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:425-433. [PMID: 34694528 PMCID: PMC9183947 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite unprecedented responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy in melanoma, a major subset of patients progresses and have few effective salvage options. We have previously demonstrated robust, selective uptake of the peptidomimetic LLP2A labeled with Cu-64 ([64Cu]-LLP2A) for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in subcutaneous and metastatic models of B16F10 murine melanoma. LLP2A binds with high affinity to very late antigen-4 (VLA-4, integrin α4β1), a transmembrane protein overexpressed in melanoma and other cancers that facilitates tumor growth and metastasis. Yet B16F10 fails to faithfully reflect human melanoma biology, as it lacks certain oncogenic driver mutations, including BRAF mutations found in ≥ 50 % of clinical specimens. Here, we evaluated the PET tracer [64Cu]-CB-TE1A1P-PEG4-LLP2A ([64Cu]-LLP2A) in novel, translational BRAFV600E mutant melanoma models differing in VLA-4 expression-BPR (VLA-4-) and BPRα (VLA-4+). PROCEDURES BPR cells were transduced with α4 (CD49d) to overexpress intact cell surface VLA-4 (BPRα). The binding affinity of [64Cu]-LLP2A to BPR and BPRα cells was determined by saturation binding assays. [64Cu]-LLP2A internalization into B16F10, BPR, and BPRα cells was quantified via a plate-based assay. Tracer biodistribution and PET/CT imaging were evaluated in mice bearing subcutaneous BPR and BPRα tumors. RESULTS [64Cu]-LLP2A demonstrated high binding affinity to BPRα (Kd = 1.4 nM) but indeterminate binding to BPR cells. VLA-4+ BPRα and B16F10 displayed comparable time-dependent [64Cu]-LLP2A internalization, whereas BPR internalization was undetectable. PET/CT showed increased tracer uptake in BPRα tumors vs. BPR tumors in vivo, which was validated by significantly greater (p < 0.0001) BPRα tumor uptake in biodistribution analyses. CONCLUSIONS [64Cu]-LLP2A discriminates BPRα (VLA-4+) vs. BPR (VLA-4-) melanomas in vivo, supporting translation of these BRAF-mutated melanoma models via prospective imaging and theranostic studies. These results extend the utility of LLP2A to selectively target clinically relevant and therapy-resistant tumor variants toward its use for therapeutic patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Bellavia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Lea Nyiranshuti
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- RayzeBio Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Joseph D Latoche
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Khanh-Van Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ronald J Fecek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine at Seton Hill, Greensburg, PA, 15601, USA
| | - Jennifer L Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kathryn E Day
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Shubhanchi Nigam
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Eurofins Scientific, Philadelphia, PA, 19355, USA
| | - Michael Pun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Fabio Gallazzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Robert S Edinger
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ravi B Patel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Sartori A, Bugatti K, Portioli E, Baiula M, Casamassima I, Bruno A, Bianchini F, Curti C, Zanardi F, Battistini L. New 4-Aminoproline-Based Small Molecule Cyclopeptidomimetics as Potential Modulators of α 4β 1 Integrin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196066. [PMID: 34641610 PMCID: PMC8512764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin α4β1 belongs to the leukocyte integrin family and represents a therapeutic target of relevant interest given its primary role in mediating inflammation, autoimmune pathologies and cancer-related diseases. The focus of the present work is the design, synthesis and characterization of new peptidomimetic compounds that are potentially able to recognize α4β1 integrin and interfere with its function. To this aim, a collection of seven new cyclic peptidomimetics possessing both a 4-aminoproline (Amp) core scaffold grafted onto key α4β1-recognizing sequences and the (2-methylphenyl)ureido-phenylacetyl (MPUPA) appendage, was designed, with the support of molecular modeling studies. The new compounds were synthesized through SPPS procedures followed by in-solution cyclization maneuvers. The biological evaluation of the new cyclic ligands in cell adhesion assays on Jurkat cells revealed promising submicromolar agonist activity in one compound, namely, the c[Amp(MPUPA)Val-Asp-Leu] cyclopeptide. Further investigations will be necessary to complete the characterization of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sartori
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Kelly Bugatti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Elisabetta Portioli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Irene Casamassima
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Agostino Bruno
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Claudio Curti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Franca Zanardi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Lucia Battistini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.S.); (K.B.); (E.P.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-906040
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Ghai A, Fettig N, Fontana F, DiPersio J, Rettig M, Neal JO, Achilefu S, Shoghi KI, Shokeen M. In vivo quantitative assessment of therapeutic response to bortezomib therapy in disseminated animal models of multiple myeloma with [ 18F]FDG and [ 64Cu]Cu-LLP2A PET. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:97. [PMID: 34586539 PMCID: PMC8481408 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of cancerous plasma cells in the bone marrow. Imaging-based timely determination of therapeutic response is critical for improving outcomes in MM patients. Very late antigen-4 (VLA4, CD49d/CD29) is overexpressed in MM cells. Here, we evaluated [18F]FDG and VLA4 targeted [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A for quantitative PET imaging in disseminated MM models of variable VLA4 expression, following bortezomib therapy. Methods In vitro and ex vivo VLA4 expression was evaluated by flow cytometry. Human MM cells, MM.1S-CG and U266-CG (C: luciferase and G: green fluorescent protein), were injected intravenously in NOD-SCID gamma mice. Tumor progression was monitored by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Treatment group received bortezomib (1 mg/kg, twice/week) intraperitoneally. All cohorts (treated, untreated and no tumor) were longitudinally imaged with [18F]FDG (7.4–8.0 MBq) and [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A (2–3 MBq; Molar Activity: 44.14 ± 1.40 MBq/nmol) PET, respectively. Results Flow cytometry confirmed high expression of CD49d in U266 cells (> 99%) and moderate expression in MM.1S cells (~ 52%). BLI showed decrease in total body flux in treated mice. In MM.1S-CG untreated versus treated mice, [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A localized with a significantly higher SUVmean in spine (0.58 versus 0.31, p < 0.01) and femur (0.72 versus 0.39, p < 0.05) at week 4 post-tumor inoculation. There was a four-fold higher uptake of [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A (SUVmean) in untreated U266-CG mice compared to treated mice at 3 weeks post-treatment. Compared to [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A, [18F]FDG PET detected treatment-related changes at later time points. Conclusion [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A is a promising tracer for timely in vivo assessment of therapeutic response in disseminated models of MM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13550-021-00840-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Ghai
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, 2nd floor, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nikki Fettig
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, 2nd floor, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Francesca Fontana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John DiPersio
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mike Rettig
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julie O Neal
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, 2nd floor, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kooresh I Shoghi
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, 2nd floor, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, 2nd floor, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Integrin VLA-4 as a PET imaging biomarker of hyper-adhesion in transgenic sickle mice. Blood Adv 2021; 4:4102-4112. [PMID: 32882004 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In sickle cell disease (SCD), very late antigen-4 (VLA-4 or integrin α4β1) mediates the adhesion of reticulocytes to inflamed, proinflammatory endothelium, a key process in promoting vaso-occlusive episodes (VOEs). We hypothesized that a radionuclide tracer targeting VLA-4 could be harnessed as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging biomarker of VOEs. We tested the VLA-4 peptidomimetic PET tracer 64Cu-CB-TE1A1P-PEG4-LLP2A (64Cu-LLP2A) for imaging hyper-adhesion-associated VOEs in the SCD Townes mouse model. With lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced VOEs, 64Cu-LLP2A uptake was increased in the bone marrow of the humeri and femurs, common sites of VOEs in SCD mice compared with non-SCD mice. Treatment with a proven inhibitor of VOEs (the anti-mouse anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody [mAb] RB40.34) during LPS stimulation led to a reduction in the uptake of 64Cu-LLP2A in the humeri and femurs to baseline levels, implying blockade of VOE hyper-adhesion. Flow cytometry with Cy3-LLP2A demonstrated an increased percentage of VLA-4-positive reticulocytes in SCD vs non-SCD mice in the bone and peripheral blood after treatment with LPS, which was abrogated by anti-P-selectin mAb treatment. These data, for the first time, show in vivo imaging of VLA-4-mediated hyper-adhesion, primarily of SCD reticulocytes, during VOEs. PET imaging with 64Cu-LLP2A may serve as a valuable, noninvasive method for identifying sites of vaso-occlusion and may provide an objective biomarker of disease severity and anti-P-selectin treatment efficacy in patients with SCD.
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Driver CHS, Ebenhan T, Szucs Z, Parker MI, Zeevaart JR, Hunter R. Towards the development of a targeted albumin-binding radioligand: Synthesis, radiolabelling and preliminary in vivo studies. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 94-95:53-66. [PMID: 33550011 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The compound named 4-[10-(4-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)butanamido)decyl]-11-[10-(β,d-glucopyranos-1-yl)-1-oxodecyl]-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,8-diacetic acid is a newly synthesised molecule capable of binding in vivo to albumin to form a bioconjugate. This compound was given the name, GluCAB(glucose-chelator-albumin-binder)-maleimide-1. Radiolabelled GluCAB-maleimide-1 and subsequent bioconjugate is proposed for prospective oncological applications and works on the theoretical dual-targeting principle of tumour localization through the "enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect" and glucose metabolism. METHODS The precursor, GluCAB-amine-2, and subsequent GluCAB-maleimide-1 was synthesised via sequential regioselective, distal N-functionalisation of a cyclam template with a tether containing a synthetically-derived β-glucoside followed by a second linker to incorporate a maleimide moiety for albumin-binding. GluCAB-amine-2 was radiolabelled with [64Cu]CuCl2 in 0.1 M NH4OAc (pH 3.5, 90 °C, 30 min), purified and converted post-labeling in 0.01 M PBS to [64Cu]Cu-GluCAB-maleimide-1. Serum stability and protein binding studies were completed according to described methods. Healthy BALB/c ice (three groups of n = 5) were injected intravenously with [64Cu]Cu-TETA, [64Cu]Cu-GluCAB-amine-2 or [64Cu]Cu-GluCAB-maleimide-1 and imaged using microPET/CT at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h post-injection. Biodistribution of the compounds were determined ex vivo after 24 h using gamma counting. RESULTS GluCAB-maleimide-1 was synthesised in five consecutive steps with an overall yield of 11%. [64Cu]Cu-GluCAB-amine-2 (97% labelling efficiency) was converted to [64Cu]Cu-GluCAB-maleimide-1 (93% conversion; 90% radiochemical purity). Biodistribution analysis indicated that the control compounds were rapidly and almost completely excreted as compared to [64Cu]Cu-GluCAB-maleimide-1 that exhibited a prolonged biological half-life (6-8 h). Both, [64Cu]Cu-GluCAB-maleimide-1 and -amine-2 were excreted through the hepatobiliary system but a higher hepatic presence of the albumin-bound compound was noted. CONCLUSIONS, ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE: This initial evaluation paves the way for further investigation into the tumour targeting potential of [64Cu]Cu-GluCAB-maleimide-1. An efficient targeted radioligand will allow for further development of a prospective theranostic agent for more personalized patient treatment which potentially improves overall patient prognosis, outcome and health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Helena Stanford Driver
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Radiochemistry and NuMeRI PreClinical Imaging Facility, Elias Motsoaledi Street, R104 Pelindaba, North West 0240, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Radiochemistry and NuMeRI PreClinical Imaging Facility, Elias Motsoaledi Street, R104 Pelindaba, North West 0240, South Africa
| | | | - Mohammed Iqbal Parker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Medical School, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Radiochemistry and NuMeRI PreClinical Imaging Facility, Elias Motsoaledi Street, R104 Pelindaba, North West 0240, South Africa; Preclinical Drug Development Platform, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Roger Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Le Bihan T, Driver CHS, Ebenhan T, Le Bris N, Zeevaart JR, Tripier R. In Vivo Albumin-Binding of a C-Functionalized Cyclam Platform for 64 Cu-PET/CT Imaging in Breast Cancer Model. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:809-821. [PMID: 33191627 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An improved glucose-chelator-albumin bioconjugate (GluCAB) derivative, GluCAB-2Mal , has been synthesized and studied for in vivo 64 Cu-PET/CT imaging in breast cancer mice models together with its first-generation analogue GluCAB-1Mal . The radioligand works on the principle of tumor targeting through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect with a supportive role played by glucose metabolism. [64 Cu]Cu-GluCAB-2Mal (99 % RCP) exhibited high serum stability with immediate binding to serum proteins. In vivo experiments for comparison between tumor targeting of [64 Cu]Cu-GluCAB-2Mal and previous-generation [64 Cu]Cu-GluCAB-1Mal encompassed microPET/CT imaging and biodistribution analysis in an allograft E0771 breast cancer mouse model. Tumor uptake of [64 Cu]Cu-GluCAB-2Mal was clearly evident with twice as much accumulation as compared to its predecessor and a tumor/muscle ratio of up to 5 after 24 h. Further comparison indicated a decrease in liver accumulation for [64 Cu]Cu-Glu-CAB-2Mal .
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Le Bihan
- UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, University of Brest, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29200, Brest, France
| | - Cathryn H S Driver
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation Radiochemistry and NuMeRI PreClinical Imaging Facility, Elias Motsoaledi Street, R104 Pelindaba, North West, 0240, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation Radiochemistry and NuMeRI PreClinical Imaging Facility, Elias Motsoaledi Street, R104 Pelindaba, North West, 0240, South Africa
| | - Nathalie Le Bris
- UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, University of Brest, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29200, Brest, France
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation Radiochemistry and NuMeRI PreClinical Imaging Facility, Elias Motsoaledi Street, R104 Pelindaba, North West, 0240, South Africa
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, University of Brest, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29200, Brest, France
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Miao Y, Quinn TP. Advances in Receptor-Targeted Radiolabeled Peptides for Melanoma Imaging and Therapy. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:313-318. [PMID: 33277401 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.243840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4, integrin α4β1) are 2 attractive molecular targets for developing peptide radiopharmaceuticals for melanoma imaging and therapy. MC1R- and VLA-4-targeting peptides and peptide-conjugated Cornell prime dots (C' dots) can serve as delivery vehicles to target both diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides to melanoma cells for imaging and therapy. This review highlights the advances of MC1R- and VLA-4-targeted radiolabeled peptides and peptide-conjugated C' dots for melanoma imaging and therapy. The promising preclinical and clinical results of these new peptide radiopharmaceuticals present an optimistic outlook for clinical translation into receptor-targeting melanoma imaging and radionuclide therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Miao
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Thomas P Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, and Harry S. Truman Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
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Chen WC, Hu G, Hazlehurst LA. Contribution of the bone marrow stromal cells in mediating drug resistance in hematopoietic tumors. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 54:36-43. [PMID: 32898723 PMCID: PMC7770000 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) provides input via production of cytokines, chemokines, extracellular matrixes in the context of lower oxygen levels that influences self-renewal, survival, differentiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance of multiple myeloma and leukemic cells. Within the context of the BMM, tumor cells are supported by osteoblasts, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), fibroblasts, myeloid cells, endothelial cells and blood vessels, as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) that contribute to tumor progression. Environmental mediated-drug resistance (EM-DR) contains cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) and soluble factor-mediated drug resistance (SM-DR) that contributes to de novo drug resistance. In this review, we focus on the crosstalk between the BMM and tumor cells as well as mechanisms underlying the BMM contributing to drug resistance in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA; Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Gangqing Hu
- Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Lori A Hazlehurst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA; Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
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17
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Haddad J, Latoche JD, Nigam S, Bellavia MC, Day KE, Zhu Q, Edwards WB, Anderson CJ, Tavakoli S. Molecular Imaging of Very Late Antigen-4 in Acute Lung Injury. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:280-286. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.242347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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18
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Lau J, Rousseau E, Kwon D, Lin KS, Bénard F, Chen X. Insight into the Development of PET Radiopharmaceuticals for Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1312. [PMID: 32455729 PMCID: PMC7281377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While the development of positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals closely follows that of traditional drug development, there are several key considerations in the chemical and radiochemical synthesis, preclinical assessment, and clinical translation of PET radiotracers. As such, we outline the fundamentals of radiotracer design, with respect to the selection of an appropriate pharmacophore. These concepts will be reinforced by exemplary cases of PET radiotracer development, both with respect to their preclinical and clinical evaluation. We also provide a guideline for the proper selection of a radionuclide and the appropriate labeling strategy to access a tracer with optimal imaging qualities. Finally, we summarize the methodology of their evaluation in in vitro and animal models and the road to clinical translation. This review is intended to be a primer for newcomers to the field and give insight into the workflow of developing radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lau
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Etienne Rousseau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Daniel Kwon
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (D.K.); (K.-S.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (D.K.); (K.-S.L.); (F.B.)
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (D.K.); (K.-S.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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19
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Kostelnik TI, Wang X, Southcott L, Wagner HK, Kubeil M, Stephan H, Jaraquemada-Peláez MDG, Orvig C. Rapid Thermodynamically Stable Complex Formation of [ nat/111In]In 3+, [ nat/90Y]Y 3+, and [ nat/177Lu]Lu 3+ with H 6dappa. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7238-7251. [PMID: 32337985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A phosphinate-bearing picolinic acid-based chelating ligand (H6dappa) was synthesized and characterized to assess its potential as a bifunctional chelator (BFC) for inorganic radiopharmaceuticals. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to investigate the chelator coordination chemistry with a variety of nonradioactive trivalent metal ions (In3+, Lu3+, Y3+, Sc3+, La3+, Bi3+). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations explored the coordination environments of aforementioned metal complexes. The thermodynamic stability of H6dappa with four metal ions (In3+, Lu3+, Y3+, Sc3+) was deeply investigated via potentiometric and spectrophotometric (UV-vis) titrations, employing a combination of acidic in-batch, joint potentiometric/spectrophotometric, and ligand-ligand competition titrations; high stability constants and pM values were calculated for all four metal complexes. Radiolabeling conditions for three clinically relevant radiometal ions were optimized ([111In]In3+, [177Lu]Lu3+, [90Y]Y3+), and the serum stability of [111In][In(dappa)]3- was studied. Through concentration-, time-, temperature-, and pH-dependent labeling experiments, it was determined that H6dappa radiolabels most effectively at near-physiological pH for all radiometal ions. Furthermore, very rapid radiolabeling at ambient temperature was observed, as maximal radiolabeling was achieved in less than 1 min. Molar activities of 29.8 GBq/μmol and 28.2 GBq/μmol were achieved for [111In]In3+ and [177Lu]Lu3+, respectively. For H6dappa, high thermodynamic stability did not correlate with kinetic inertness-lability was observed in serum stability studies, suggesting that its metal complexes might not be suitable as a BFC in radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I Kostelnik
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Xiaozhu Wang
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Lily Southcott
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Hannah K Wagner
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Anorganish-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manja Kubeil
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz - Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz - Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - María de Guadalupe Jaraquemada-Peláez
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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20
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Gai Y, Yuan L, Sun L, Li H, Li M, Fang H, Altine B, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zeng D, Lan X. Comparison of Al 18F- and 68Ga-labeled NOTA-PEG 4-LLP2A for PET imaging of very late antigen-4 in melanoma. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:99-108. [PMID: 31745667 PMCID: PMC7067668 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) is overexpressed in melanoma and many other tumors, making it an attractive target for developing molecular diagnostic and therapeutic agents. We compared Al18F- and 68Ga-labeled LLP2A peptides for PET imaging of VLA-4 expression in melanoma. The peptidomimetic ligand LLP2A was modified with chelator 2-S-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (p-SCN-Bn-NOTA), and the resulting NOTA-PEG4-LLP2A peptide was then radiolabeled with Al18F or 68Ga. The two labeled peptides were assayed for in vitro and in vivo VLA-4 targeting efficiency. Good Al18F and 68Ga radiolabeling yields were achieved, and the resulting PET tracers showed good serum stability. In the in vivo evaluation of the B16F10 xenograft mouse model, both tracers exhibited high accumulation with good contrast in static PET images. Compared with 68Ga-NOTA-PEG4-LLP2A, Al18F-NOTA-PEG4-LLP2A resulted in relatively higher background, including higher liver uptake (1 h: 20.1 ± 2.6 vs. 15.3 ± 1.7%ID/g, P < 0.05; 2 h: 11.0 ± 1.2 vs. 8.0 ± 0.8%ID/g, P < 0.05) and lower tumor-to-blood ratios (2.5 ± 0.4 vs. 3.3 ± 0.5 at 1 h, P < 0.05; 5.1 ± 0.9 vs. 7.3 ± 0.6 at 2 h, P < 0.01) at some time points. The results obtained from the mice blocked with unlabeled peptides and VLA-4-negative A375 xenografts groups confirmed the high specificity of the developed tracers. Despite the relatively high liver uptake, both Al18F-NOTA-PEG4-LLP2A and 68Ga-NOTA-PEG4-LLP2A exhibited high VLA-4 targeting efficacy with comparable in vivo performance, rendering them promising candidates for imaging tumors that overexpress VLA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Gai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lujie Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lingyi Sun
- Center for Radiochemistry Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hanyi Fang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bouhari Altine
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qingyao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yongxue Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dexing Zeng
- Center for Radiochemistry Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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21
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Comparison of DOTA and NODAGA as chelates for 68Ga-labelled CDP1 as novel infection PET imaging agents. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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García-Martín AB, Zwicky P, Gruber T, Matti C, Moalli F, Stein JV, Francisco D, Enzmann G, Levesque MP, Hewer E, Lyck R. VLA-4 mediated adhesion of melanoma cells on the blood-brain barrier is the critical cue for melanoma cell intercalation and barrier disruption. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1995-2010. [PMID: 29762071 PMCID: PMC6775593 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18775887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer in humans. One severe complication is the formation of brain metastasis, which requires extravasation of melanoma cells across the tight blood-brain barrier (BBB). Previously, VLA-4 has been assigned a role for the adhesive interaction of melanoma cells with non-BBB endothelial cells. However, the role of melanoma VLA-4 for breaching the BBB remained unknown. In this study, we used a mouse in vitro BBB model and imaged the shear resistant arrest of melanoma cells on the BBB. Similar to effector T cells, inflammatory conditions of the BBB increased the arrest of melanoma cells followed by a unique post-arrest behavior lacking immediate crawling. However, over time, melanoma cells intercalated into the BBB and compromised its barrier properties. Most importantly, antibody ablation of VLA-4 abrogated melanoma shear resistant arrest on and intercalation into the BBB and protected the BBB from barrier breakdown. A tissue microarray established from human brain metastasis revealed that indeed a majority of 92% of all human melanoma brain metastases stained VLA-4 positive. We propose VLA-4 as a target for the inhibition of brain metastasis formation in the context of personalized medicine identifying metastasizing VLA-4 positive melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pascale Zwicky
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gruber
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Matti
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Federica Moalli
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Francisco
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Enzmann
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ekkehard Hewer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Lyck
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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23
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18F-Labeled Cyclized α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Derivatives for Imaging Human Melanoma Xenograft with Positron Emission Tomography. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13575. [PMID: 31537869 PMCID: PMC6753210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since metastatic melanoma is deadly, early diagnosis thereof is crucial for managing the disease. We recently developed α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH) derivatives, [68Ga]Ga-CCZ01048 and [18F]CCZ01064, that target the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) for mouse melanoma imaging. In this study, we aim to evaluate [18F]CCZ01064 as well as a novel dual-ammoniomethyl-trifluoroborate (AmBF3) derivative, [18F]CCZ01096, for targeting human melanoma xenograft using μPET imaging. The peptides were synthesized on solid phase using Fmoc chemistry. Radiolabeling was achieved in a one-step 18F-19F isotope-exchange reaction. μPET imaging and biodistribution studies were performed in NSG mice bearing SK-MEL-1 melanoma xenografts. The MC1R density on the SK-MEL-1 cell line was determined to be 972 ± 154 receptors/cell (n = 4) via saturation assays. Using [18F]CCZ01064, moderate tumor uptake (3.05 ± 0.47%ID/g) and image contrast were observed at 2 h post-injection. Molar activity was determined to play a key role. CCZ01096 with two AmBF3 motifs showed comparable sub-nanomolar binding affinity to MC1R and much higher molar activity. This resulted in improved tumor uptake (6.46 ± 1.42%ID/g) and image contrast (tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios were 30.6 ± 5.7 and 85.7 ± 11.3, respectively) at 2 h post-injection. [18F]CCZ01096 represents a promising αMSH-based μPET imaging agent for human melanoma and warrants further investigation for potential clinical translation.
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24
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Roxin Á, Zhang C, Huh S, Lepage M, Zhang Z, Lin KS, Bénard F, Perrin DM. A Metal-Free DOTA-Conjugated 18F-Labeled Radiotracer: [18F]DOTA-AMBF3-LLP2A for Imaging VLA-4 Over-Expression in Murine Melanoma with Improved Tumor Uptake and Greatly Enhanced Renal Clearance. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1210-1219. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Áron Roxin
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Sungjoon Huh
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lepage
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - David M. Perrin
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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25
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Lee HJ, Ehlerding EB, Cai W. Antibody-Based Tracers for PET/SPECT Imaging of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Chembiochem 2019; 20:422-436. [PMID: 30240550 PMCID: PMC6377337 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are often progressive, resulting not only in physical damage to patients but also social and economic burdens, making early diagnosis of them critical. Nuclear medicine techniques can enhance the detection of inflammation by providing functional as well as anatomical information when combined with other modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography or ultrasonography. Although small molecules and peptides were mainly used for the treatment and imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in the past, antibodies and their fragments have also been emerging for chronic inflammatory diseases as they show high specificity to their targets and can have various biological half-lives depending on how they are engineered. In addition, imaging with antibodies or their fragments can visualize the in vivo biodistribution of the probes or help monitor therapeutic responses, thereby providing physicians with a greater understanding of drug behavior in vivo and another means of monitoring their patients. In this review, we introduce various targets and radiolabeled antibody-based probes for the molecular imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in preclinical and clinical studies. Targets can be classified into three different categories: 1) cell-adhesion molecules, 2) surface markers on immune cells, and 3) cytokines or enzymes. The limitations and future directions of using radiolabeled antibodies for imaging inflammatory diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Lee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
| | - Emily B. Ehlerding
- Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
- Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
- Department of Radiology and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
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26
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Gai Y, Sun L, Lan X, Zeng D, Xiang G, Ma X. Synthesis and Evaluation of New Bifunctional Chelators with Phosphonic Acid Arms for Gallium-68 Based PET Imaging in Melanoma. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3483-3494. [PMID: 30205001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing use of generator-produced radiometal Gallium-68 (68Ga) in positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), reliable bifunctional chelators that can efficiently incorporate 68Ga3+ into biomolecules are highly desirable. In this study, we synthesized two new bifunctional chelators bearing one or two phosphonic acid functional groups, named p-SCN-PhPr-NE2A1P and p-SCN-PhPr-NE2P1A, with the aim of enabling facile production of 68Ga-based radiopharmaceuticals. Both chelators were successfully conjugated to LLP2A-PEG4, a very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) targeting peptidomimetic ligand, to evaluate their application in 68Ga-based PET imaging. NE2P1A-PEG4-LLP2A exhibited the highest 68Ga3+ binding ability with molar activity of 37 MBq/nmol under mild temperature and neutral pH. Excellent serum stability of 68Ga-NE2P1A-PEG4-LLP2A was observed, which was consistent with the result obtained from density functional theory calculation. The in vitro cell study showed that 68Ga-NE2P1A-PEG4-LLP2A had significantly longer retention in B16F10 cells comparing to the reported retention of 64Cu-NE3TA-PEG4-LLP2A, although the uptake was relatively lower. In the biodistribution and micro-PET/CT imaging studies, high tumor uptake and low background were observed after 68Ga-NE2P1A-PEG4-LLP2A was injected into mice bearing B16F10 tumor xenografts, making it a highly promising radiotracer for noninvasive imaging of VLA-4 receptors overexpressed in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Gai
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Lingyi Sun
- Center for Radiochemistry Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , Oregon 97239 , United States
| | | | - Dexing Zeng
- Center for Radiochemistry Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , Oregon 97239 , United States
| | - Guangya Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Xiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan 430030 , China
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27
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Wei W, Jiang D, Ehlerding EB, Luo Q, Cai W. Noninvasive PET Imaging of T cells. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:359-373. [PMID: 29709260 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly evolving field of cancer immunotherapy recently saw the approval of several new therapeutic antibodies. Several cell therapies, for example, chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T cells (CAR-T), are currently in clinical trials for a variety of cancers and other diseases. However, approaches to monitor changes in the immune status of tumors or to predict therapeutic responses are limited. Monitoring lymphocytes from whole blood or biopsies does not provide dynamic and spatial information about T cells in heterogeneous tumors. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using probes specific for T cells can noninvasively monitor systemic and intratumoral immune alterations during experimental therapies and may have an important and expanding value in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Radiology, Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Emily B Ehlerding
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Quanyong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology, Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
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28
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Roxin Á, Zhang C, Huh S, Lepage ML, Zhang Z, Lin KS, Bénard F, Perrin DM. Preliminary evaluation of 18F-labeled LLP2A-trifluoroborate conjugates as VLA-4 (α 4β 1 integrin) specific radiotracers for PET imaging of melanoma. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 61:11-20. [PMID: 29597141 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The transmembrane α4β1 integrin receptor, or very-late antigen 4 (VLA-4), is associated with tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, the development of chemotherapeutic drug resistance, and is overexpressed in multiple myelomas, osteosarcomas, lymphomas, leukemias, and melanomas. The peptidomimetic, LLP2A, is a high-affinity ligand with specificity for the extracellular portion of VLA-4 and several conjugates have been evaluated in vivo by NIR-fluorescence, 111In-SPECT and 68Ga- and 64Cu-PET imaging, but to date, not with 18F-PET. METHODS Using two highly stable organotrifluoroborate prosthetic groups: ammoniumdimethyl-trifluoroborate (AMBF3) and a new N-pyridinyl-para-trifluoroborate (N-Pyr-p-BF3), both capable of facile aqueous 18F-labeling by isotope exchange (IEX), we present the first PET imaging evaluations of two [18F]R-BF3--PEG2-LLP2A tracers using VLA-4 overexpressing B16-F10 murine melanoma tumor mouse models. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate successful one-step 18F-labeling of both conjugates with wet NCA [18F]F- in radiochemical yields of up to 11.6% within 75 min at molar activities of 40-100 GBq/μmol. Average tumor uptake values based on ex vivo biodistribution values were 4.4%ID/g (11) and 2.8%ID/g (12) using 18F-labeled LLP2A-conjugates with the two prosthetic groups: N-Pyr-p-BF3 (5) and alkyl-N,N-dimethylammonio-BF3 (AMBF3) (7), respectively, and was found to be target-specific as evidenced by in vivo blocking controls. Dynamic PET scanning and biodistribution studies revealed slow clearance of the [18F]R-BF3--PEG2-LLP2A tracers from the tumors, and also substantial uptake in the intestines, gall bladder, liver and bladder. Observed bone uptake was blockable, consistent with known VLA-4 expression in hematopoietic stem cells found in bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS These studies show that these [18F]R-BF3--PEG2-LLP2A conjugates (11 and 12) are promising VLA-4 targeting radiotracers, yet, further optimization will be required to reduce uptake in the gastro-intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áron Roxin
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Center, 765 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Sungjoon Huh
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Mathieu L Lepage
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Center, 765 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Center, 765 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Center, 765 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - David M Perrin
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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29
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Wei W, Ehlerding EB, Lan X, Luo Q, Cai W. PET and SPECT imaging of melanoma: the state of the art. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45:132-150. [PMID: 29085965 PMCID: PMC5700861 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma represents the most aggressive form of skin cancer, and its incidence continues to rise worldwide. 18F-FDG PET imaging has transformed diagnostic nuclear medicine and has become an essential component in the management of melanoma, but still has its drawbacks. With the rapid growth in the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, a variety of promising probes that enable early diagnosis and detection of melanoma have been developed. The substantial preclinical success of melanin- and peptide-based probes has recently resulted in the translation of several radiotracers to clinical settings for noninvasive imaging and treatment of melanoma in humans. In this review, we focus on the latest developments in radiolabeled molecular imaging probes for melanoma in preclinical and clinical settings, and discuss the challenges and opportunities for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600# Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA
| | - Emily B Ehlerding
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Quanyong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600# Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA.
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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30
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Xu X, Yuan L, Yin L, Jiang Y, Gai Y, Liu Q, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Lan X. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of 18F-PEG 3-FPN for the Detection of Metastatic Pigmented Melanoma. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3896-3905. [PMID: 29037039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although 18F-5-fluoro-N-(2-[diethylamino]ethyl)picolinamide (18F-5-FPN) is considered a promising radiopharmaceutical for PET imaging of melanoma, it accumulates at high concentrations in the liver. The aim in this research was to optimize the structure of 18F-5-FPN with triethylene glycol to reduce liver uptake as well as improve pharmacokinetics, and to evaluate its performance in detection of melanoma liver and lung metastases. 18F-PEG3-FPN was successfully prepared with a high radiolabeling yield (44.68% ± 5.99%) and radiochemical purity (>99%). The uptake of 18F-PEG3-FPN by pigmented B16F10 melanoma cells was significantly higher than that by amelanotic melanoma A375 cells. The binding to B16F10 cells could be blocked by excess 19F-PEG3-FPN. On small animal PET images, B16F10 tumors, but not A375 tumors, were clearly delineated after 18F-PEG3-FPN injection. More importantly, 18F-PEG3-FPN uptake by liver (2.27 ± 0.45 and 1.74 ± 0.35% ID/g, at 1 and 2 h) was significantly lower than that of 18F-5-FPN, and the lesions in lung and liver could be clearly detected by 18F-PEG3-FPN PET imaging in mouse models of pulmonary or hepatic metastases. Overall, we successfully synthesized 18F-PEG3-FPN, which has higher labeling efficacy and better in vivo pharmacokinetics along with lower liver uptake compared to 18F-5-FPN. This suggests 18F-PEG3-FPN as a candidate for pigmented melanoma liver and lung metastasis detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lujie Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lianglan Yin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yaqun Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qingyao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yichun Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yongxue Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
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31
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Wang Y, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Liu C, Song Y, Zhang Y, Lan X. Detection of melanoma metastases with PET—Comparison of 18 F-5-FPN with 18 F–FDG. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 50:33-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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32
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Mattila JT, Beaino W, Maiello P, Coleman MT, White AG, Scanga CA, Flynn JL, Anderson CJ. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Macaques with Tuberculosis Identifies Temporal Changes in Granuloma Glucose Metabolism and Integrin α4β1-Expressing Immune Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:806-815. [PMID: 28592427 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography and computed tomography imaging (PET/CT) is an increasingly valuable tool for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB). The glucose analog [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-2-d-glucose ([18F]-FDG) is commonly used in PET/CT that is retained by metabolically active inflammatory cells in granulomas, but lacks specificity for particular cell types. A PET probe that could identify recruitment and differentiation of different cell populations in granulomas would be a useful research tool and could improve TB diagnosis and treatment. We used the Mycobacterium-antigen murine inflammation model and macaques with TB to identify [64Cu]-labeled CB-TE1A1P-PEG4-LLP2A ([64Cu]-LLP2A), a high affinity peptidomimetic ligand for very late Ag-4 (VLA-4; also called integrin α4β1) binding cells in granulomas, and compared [64Cu]-LLP2A with [18F]-FDG over the course of infection. We found that [64Cu]-LLP2A retention was driven by macrophages and T cells, with less contribution from neutrophils and B cells. In macaques, granulomas had higher [64Cu]-LLP2A uptake than uninfected tissues, and immunohistochemical analysis of granulomas with known [64Cu]-LLP2A uptake identified significant correlations between LLP2A signal and macrophage and T cell numbers. The same cells coexpressed integrin α4 and β1, further supporting that macrophages and T cells drive [64Cu]-LLP2A avidity in granulomas. Over the course of infection, granulomas and thoracic lymph nodes experienced dynamic changes in affinity for both probes, suggesting metabolic changes and cell differentiation or recruitment occurs throughout granuloma development. These results indicate [64Cu]-LLP2A is a PET probe for VLA-4, which when used in conjunction with [18F]-FDG, may be a useful tool for understanding granuloma biology in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Mattila
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - M Teresa Coleman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Alexander G White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213;
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; .,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; and.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
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33
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Dutta J, Baijnath S, Somboro AM, Nagiah S, Albericio F, de la Torre BG, Marjanovic-Painter B, Zeevaart JR, Sathekge M, Kruger HG, Chuturgoon A, Naicker T, Ebenhan T, Govender T. Synthesis, in vitro evaluation, and 68 Ga-radiolabeling of CDP1 toward PET/CT imaging of bacterial infection. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:572-579. [PMID: 28328161 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a major concern in the human health sector due to poor diagnosis and development of multidrug-resistant strains. PET/CT provides a means for the non-invasive detection and localization of the infectious foci; however, the radiotracers available are either cumbersome to prepare or their exact contribution toward the imaging is not yet established. Human antimicrobial peptides are of interest for development as PET radiotracers as they are an integral component of the immune system, non-immunogenic toward the recipient, and show selectivity toward pathogens such as bacteria. Herein we report on the potential of LL37, a human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, as a radiotracer for bacterial imaging. Bifunctional chelator 1,4,7-triazacyclononane,1-glutaric acid-4,7-acetic acid was utilized to functionalize the antimicrobial peptide, which in turn was capable of chelating gallium. The synthesized nat Ga-CDP1 showed bacterial selectivity and low affinity toward hepatic cells, which are favorable characteristics for further preclinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotibon Dutta
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sooraj Baijnath
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anou M Somboro
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Biljana Marjanovic-Painter
- The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Radiochemistry, Pelindaba, Brits, South Africa.,Department of Science and Technology, Preclinical Drug Development Platform, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Radiochemistry, Pelindaba, Brits, South Africa.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mike Sathekge
- University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anil Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Tricia Naicker
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences and School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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34
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Liu R, Li X, Xiao W, Lam KS. Tumor-targeting peptides from combinatorial libraries. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 110-111:13-37. [PMID: 27210583 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major and leading causes of death worldwide. Two of the greatest challenges in fighting cancer are early detection and effective treatments with no or minimum side effects. Widespread use of targeted therapies and molecular imaging in clinics requires high affinity, tumor-specific agents as effective targeting vehicles to deliver therapeutics and imaging probes to the primary or metastatic tumor sites. Combinatorial libraries such as phage-display and one-bead one-compound (OBOC) peptide libraries are powerful approaches in discovering tumor-targeting peptides. This review gives an overview of different combinatorial library technologies that have been used for the discovery of tumor-targeting peptides. Examples of tumor-targeting peptides identified from each combinatorial library method will be discussed. Published tumor-targeting peptide ligands and their applications will also be summarized by the combinatorial library methods and their corresponding binding receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Xiaocen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Wenwu Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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35
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Roux A, Gillet R, Huclier-Markai S, Ehret-Sabatier L, Charbonnière LJ, Nonat AM. Bifunctional bispidine derivatives for copper-64 labelling and positron emission tomography. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:1475-1483. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02712a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A bispidine cage coordinates 64Cu2+ rapidly and quantitatively at room temperature, and biotin and maleimide functions allow for targeted PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Roux
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée à l'Analyse
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- F-67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Raphaël Gillet
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée à l'Analyse
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- F-67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | | | - Laurence Ehret-Sabatier
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- IPHC UMR 7178
- F-67000 Strasbourg
| | - Loïc J. Charbonnière
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée à l'Analyse
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- F-67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Aline M. Nonat
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée à l'Analyse
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- F-67000 Strasbourg
- France
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36
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Walker D, Li Y, Roxin Á, Schaffer P, Adam MJ, Perrin DM. Facile synthesis and 18F-radiolabeling of α 4β 1-specific LLP2A-aryltrifluoroborate peptidomimetic conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5126-5131. [PMID: 27623550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The peptidomimetic, LLP2A, is a specific, high-affinity ligand for α4β1 integrin receptors. Previously, several PEGylated LLP2A conjugates were evaluated in vivo as imaging agents for the detection of lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma and melanoma tumours via NIR-fluorescence, 111In-SPECT, and 64Cu- and 68Ga-PET imaging. Despite these successes, to date there is no report of an 18F-labeled LLP2A conjugate. Notably, fluorine-18 is a preferred radionuclide for PET imaging, yet its short half-life and general inactivity under aqueous conditions present challenges for peptide labeling. A simple method for labeling complex biomolecules can be achieved with arylboronic acids that readily capture aqueous [18F]-fluoride ion resulting in an 18F-labeled aryltrifluoroborate ([18F]-ArBF3-) radioprosthetic group. Herein, we present the first radiosynthesis of an 18F-labeled LLP2A conjugate by both one-step 18F-labeling and one-pot two-step 18F-labeling post-'click' conjugation of the 18F-alkynyl-ArBF3- prosthetic. Competition with a fluorescent conjugate of LLP2A demonstrated specific binding of the non-radioactive isotopolog ArBF3--PEG2-LLP2A to α4β1 integrin-expressing MOLT-4 leukemia cells, as evidenced and confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. This work provides a key first step in the development of an expanding library of [18F]-R-BF3--LLP2A radiotracers for PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Walker
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ying Li
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Áron Roxin
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Triumf, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Michael J Adam
- Triumf, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - David M Perrin
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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37
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Gai Y, Sun L, Hui W, Ouyang Q, Anderson CJ, Xiang G, Ma X, Zeng D. New Bifunctional Chelator p-SCN-PhPr-NE3TA for Copper-64: Synthesis, Peptidomimetic Conjugation, Radiolabeling, and Evaluation for PET Imaging. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:6892-901. [PMID: 27347690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional chelators play an important role in developing metallic radionuclide-based radiopharmaceuticals. In this study, a new bifunctional ligand, p-SCN-PhPr-NE3TA, was synthesized and conjugated to a very late antigen-4 targeting peptidomimetic, LLP2A, for evaluating its application in (64)Cu-based positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The new ligand exhibited strong selective coordination of Cu(II), leading to a robust Cu complex, even in the presence of 10-fold Fe(III). The LLP2A conjugate of p-SCN-PhPr-NE3TA was prepared and successfully labeled with (64)Cu under mild conditions. The conjugate (64)Cu-NE3TA-PEG4-LLP2A showed significantly higher specific activity, compared with (64)Cu-NOTA-PEG4-LLP2A, while maintaining comparable serum stability. Subsequent biodistribution studies and PET imaging in mice bearing B16F10 xenografts confirmed its favorable in vivo performance and high tumor uptake with low background, rendering p-SCN-PhPr-NE3TA a promising bifunctional chelator for (64)Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Gai
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Lingyi Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Wenqi Hui
- College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States.,Departments of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Guangya Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dexing Zeng
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
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38
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Kim SH, Hahm ER, Arlotti JA, Samanta SK, Moura MB, Thorne SH, Shuai Y, Anderson CJ, White AG, Lokshin A, Lee J, Singh SV. Withaferin A inhibits in vivo growth of breast cancer cells accelerated by Notch2 knockdown. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 157:41-54. [PMID: 27097807 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study offers novel insights into the molecular circuitry of accelerated in vivo tumor growth by Notch2 knockdown in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Therapeutic vulnerability of Notch2-altered growth to a small molecule (withaferin A, WA) is also demonstrated. MDA-MB-231 and SUM159 cells were used for the xenograft studies. A variety of technologies were deployed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying tumor growth augmentation by Notch2 knockdown and its reversal by WA, including Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for measurement of tumor angiogenesis in live mice, Seahorse Flux analyzer for ex vivo measurement of tumor metabolism, proteomics, and Luminex-based cytokine profiling. Stable knockdown of Notch2 resulted in accelerated in vivo tumor growth in both cells reflected by tumor volume and/or latency. For example, the wet tumor weight from mice bearing Notch2 knockdown MDA-MB-231 cells was about 7.1-fold higher compared with control (P < 0.0001). Accelerated tumor growth by Notch2 knockdown was highly sensitive to inhibition by a promising steroidal lactone (WA) derived from a medicinal plant. Molecular underpinnings for tumor growth intensification by Notch2 knockdown included compensatory increase in Notch1 activation, increased cellular proliferation and/or angiogenesis, and increased plasma or tumor levels of growth stimulatory cytokines. WA administration reversed many of these effects providing explanation for its remarkable anti-cancer efficacy. Notch2 functions as a tumor growth suppressor in TNBC and WA offers a novel therapeutic strategy for restoring this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie A Arlotti
- 2.32A Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Suman K Samanta
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michelle B Moura
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen H Thorne
- 2.32A Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yongli Shuai
- 2.32A Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- 2.32A Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander G White
- 2.32A Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna Lokshin
- 2.32A Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joomin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,2.32A Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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39
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Westerlund K, Honarvar H, Norrström E, Strand J, Mitran B, Orlova A, Eriksson Karlström A, Tolmachev V. Increasing the Net Negative Charge by Replacement of DOTA Chelator with DOTAGA Improves the Biodistribution of Radiolabeled Second-Generation Synthetic Affibody Molecules. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1668-78. [PMID: 27010700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A promising strategy to enable patient stratification for targeted therapies is to monitor the target expression in a tumor by radionuclide molecular imaging. Affibody molecules (7 kDa) are nonimmunoglobulin scaffold proteins with a 25-fold smaller size than intact antibodies. They have shown an apparent potential as molecular imaging probes both in preclinical and clinical studies. Earlier, we found that hepatic uptake can be reduced by the incorporation of negatively charged purification tags at the N-terminus of Affibody molecules. We hypothesized that liver uptake might similarly be reduced by positioning the chelator at the N-terminus, where the chelator-radionuclide complex will provide negative charges. To test this hypothesis, a second generation synthetic anti-HER2 ZHER2:2891 Affibody molecule was synthesized and labeled with (111)In and (68)Ga using DOTAGA and DOTA chelators. The chelators were manually coupled to the N-terminus of ZHER2:2891 forming an amide bond. Labeling DOTAGA-ZHER2:2891 and DOTA-ZHER2:2891 with (68)Ga and (111)In resulted in stable radioconjugates. The tumor-targeting and biodistribution properties of the (111)In- and (68)Ga-labeled conjugates were compared in SKOV-3 tumor-bearing nude mice at 2 h postinjection. The HER2-specific binding of the radioconjugates was verified both in vitro and in vivo. Using the DOTAGA chelator gave significantly lower radioactivity in liver and blood for both radionuclides. The (111)In-labeled conjugates showed more rapid blood clearance than the (68)Ga-labeled conjugates. The most pronounced influence of the chelators was found when they were labeled with (68)Ga. The DOTAGA chelator gave significantly higher tumor-to-blood (61 ± 6 vs 23 ± 5, p < 0.05) and tumor-to-liver (10.4 ± 0.6 vs 4.5 ± 0.5, p < 0.05) ratios than the DOTA chelator. This study demonstrated that chelators may be used to alter the uptake of Affibody molecules, and most likely other scaffold-based imaging probes, for improvement of imaging contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Westerlund
- Division of Protein Technology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center , 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hadis Honarvar
- Institute for Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University , 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emily Norrström
- Division of Protein Technology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center , 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna Strand
- Institute for Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University , 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bogdan Mitran
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University , 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University , 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amelie Eriksson Karlström
- Division of Protein Technology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center , 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Institute for Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University , 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
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40
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Soodgupta D, Zhou H, Beaino W, Lu L, Rettig M, Snee M, Skeath J, DiPersio JF, Akers WJ, Laforest R, Anderson CJ, Tomasson MH, Shokeen M. Ex Vivo and In Vivo Evaluation of Overexpressed VLA-4 in Multiple Myeloma Using LLP2A Imaging Agents. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:640-5. [PMID: 26742713 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.164624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Very-late-antigen-4 (VLA-4, α4β1 integrin, CD49d/CD29) is a transmembrane adhesion receptor that plays an important role in cancer and immune responses. Enhanced VLA-4 expression has been observed in multiple myeloma (MM) cells and surrounding stroma. VLA-4 conformational activation has been associated with MM pathogenesis. VLA-4 is a promising MM imaging and therapeutic biomarker. METHODS Specificity of (64)Cu-LLP2A ((64)Cu-CB-TE1A1P-PEG4-LLP2A), a high-affinity VLA-4 peptidomimetic-based radiopharmaceutical, was evaluated in α4 knock-out mice and by competitive blocking in wild-type tumor-bearing mice. (64)Cu-LLP2A PET/CT (static and dynamic) imaging was conducted in C57BL6/KaLwRij mice bearing murine 5TGM1-GFP syngeneic tumors generated after intravenous injection via the tail. Blood samples were collected for serum protein electrophoresis. Bone marrow and splenic cells extracted from tumor-bearing and control mice (n= 3/group) were coincubated with the optical analog LLP2A-Cy5 and mouse B220, CD4, Gr1, and Mac1 antibodies and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Human radiation dose estimates for (64)Cu-LLP2A were extrapolated from mouse biodistribution data (6 time points, 0.78 MBq/animal, n= 4/group). Ten formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded bone marrow samples from deceased MM patients were stained with LLP2A-Cy5. RESULTS (64)Cu-LLP2A and LLP2A-Cy5 demonstrated high specificity for VLA-4-positive mouse 5TGM1-GFP myeloma and nonmalignant inflammatory host cells such as T cells and myeloid/monocytic cells. Ex vivo flow cytometric analysis supported a direct effect of myeloma on increased VLA-4 expression in host hematopoietic microenvironmental elements. SUVs and the number of medullar lesions detected by (64)Cu-LLP2A PET corresponded with increased monoclonal (M) protein (g/dL) in tumor-bearing mice over time (3.29 ± 0.58 at week 0 and 9.97 ± 1.52 at week 3). Dynamic PET with (64)Cu-LLP2A and (18)F-FDG demonstrated comparable SUV in the prominent lesions in the femur. Human radiation dose estimates indicated urinary bladder wall as the dose-limiting organ (0.200 mGy/MBq), whereas the dose to the red marrow was 0.006 mGy/MBq. The effective dose was estimated to be 0.017 mSv/MBq. Seven of the ten human samples displayed a high proportion of cells intensely labeled with LLP2A-Cy5 probe. CONCLUSION (64)Cu-LLP2A and LLP2A-Cy5 demonstrated binding specificity for VLA-4 in an immune-competent murine MM model. (64)Cu-LLP2A displayed favorable dosimetry for human studies and is a potential imaging candidate for overexpressed VLA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Soodgupta
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Haiying Zhou
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Lan Lu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael Rettig
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark Snee
- Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - James Skeath
- Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John F DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Walter J Akers
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richard Laforest
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Michael H Tomasson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
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41
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Beaino W, Nedrow JR, Anderson CJ. Evaluation of (68)Ga- and (177)Lu-DOTA-PEG4-LLP2A for VLA-4-Targeted PET Imaging and Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1929-38. [PMID: 25919487 PMCID: PMC5167571 DOI: 10.1021/mp5006917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer, and the incidence of this disease is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. Despite advances in the treatment of melanoma, patients with metastatic disease still have a poor prognosis and low survival rate. New strategies, including targeted radiotherapy, would provide options for patients who become resistant to therapies such as BRAF inhibitors. Very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) is expressed on melanoma tumor cells in higher levels in more aggressive and metastatic disease and may provide an ideal target for drug delivery and targeted radiotherapy. In this study, we evaluated (177)Lu- and (68)Ga-labeled DOTA-PEG4-LLP2A as a VLA-4-targeted radiotherapeutic with a companion PET agent for diagnosis and monitoring metastatic melanoma treatment. DOTA-PEG4-LLP2A was synthesized by solid-phase synthesis. The affinity of (177)Lu- and (68)Ga-labeled DOTA-PEG4-LLP2A to VLA-4 was determined in B16F10 melanoma cells by saturation binding and competitive binding assays, respectively. Biodistribution of the LLP2A conjugates was determined in C57BL/6 mice bearing B16F10 subcutaneous tumors, while PET/CT imaging was performed in subcutaneous and metastatic models. (177)Lu-DOTA-PEG4-LLP2A showed high affinity to VLA-4 with a Kd of 4.1 ± 1.5 nM and demonstrated significant accumulation in the B16F10 melanoma tumor after 4 h (31.5 ± 7.8%ID/g). The tumor/blood ratio of (177)Lu-DOTA-PEG4-LLP2A was highest at 24 h (185 ± 26). PET imaging of metastatic melanoma with (68)Ga-DOTA-PEG4-LLP2A showed high uptake in sites of metastases and correlated with bioluminescence imaging of the tumors. These data demonstrate that (177)Lu-DOTA-PEG4-LLP2A has potential as a targeted therapeutic for treating melanoma as well as other VLA-4-expressing tumors. In addition, (68)Ga-DOTA-PEG4-LLP2A is a readily translatable companion PET tracer for imaging of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Beaino
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Jessie R. Nedrow
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Carolyn J. Anderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
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42
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Litau S, Seibold U, Vall-Sagarra A, Fricker G, Wängler B, Wängler C. Comparative Assessment of Complex Stabilities of Radiocopper Chelating Agents by a Combination of Complex Challenge and in vivo Experiments. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1200-8. [PMID: 26011290 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For (64) Cu radiolabeling of biomolecules to be used as in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents, various chelators are commonly applied. It has not yet been determined which of the most potent chelators--NODA-GA ((1,4,7-triazacyclononane-4,7-diyl)diacetic acid-1-glutaric acid), CB-TE2A (2,2'-(1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane-4,11-diyl)diacetic acid), or CB-TE1A-GA (1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane-4,11-diyl-8-acetic acid-1-glutaric acid)--forms the most stable complexes resulting in PET images of highest quality. We determined the (64) Cu complex stabilities for these three chelators by a combination of complex challenge and an in vivo approach. For this purpose, bioconjugates of the chelating agents with the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-affine peptide PESIN and an integrin αv β3 -affine c(RGDfC) tetramer were synthesized and radiolabeled with (64) Cu in excellent yields and specific activities. The (64) Cu-labeled biomolecules were evaluated for their complex stabilities in vitro by conducting a challenge experiment with the respective other chelators as challengers. The in vivo stabilities of the complexes were also determined, showing the highest stability for the (64) Cu-CB-TE1A-GA complex in both experimental setups. Therefore, CB-TE1A-GA is the most appropriate chelating agent for *Cu-labeled radiotracers and in vivo imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Litau
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim (Germany).,Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim (Germany)
| | - Uwe Seibold
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim (Germany).,Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim (Germany)
| | - Alicia Vall-Sagarra
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim (Germany)
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim (Germany)
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim (Germany).
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