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Li EJ, López JE, Spencer BA, Abdelhafez Y, Badawi RD, Wang G, Cherry SR. Total-Body Perfusion Imaging with [ 11C]-Butanol. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1831-1838. [PMID: 37652544 PMCID: PMC10626376 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue perfusion can be affected by physiology or disease. With the advent of total-body PET, quantitative measurement of perfusion across the entire body is possible. [11C]-butanol is a perfusion tracer with a superior extraction fraction compared with [15O]-water and [13N]-ammonia. To develop the methodology for total-body perfusion imaging, a pilot study using [11C]-butanol on the uEXPLORER total-body PET/CT scanner was conducted. Methods: Eight participants (6 healthy volunteers and 2 patients with peripheral vascular disease [PVD]) were injected with a bolus of [11C]-butanol and underwent 30-min dynamic acquisitions. Three healthy volunteers underwent repeat studies at rest (baseline) to assess test-retest reproducibility; 1 volunteer underwent paired rest and cold pressor test (CPT) studies. Changes in perfusion were measured in the paired rest-CPT study. For PVD patients, local changes in perfusion were investigated and correlated with patient medical history. Regional and parametric kinetic analysis methods were developed using a 1-tissue compartment model and leading-edge delay correction. Results: Estimated baseline perfusion values ranged from 0.02 to 1.95 mL·min-1·cm-3 across organs. Test-retest analysis showed that repeat baseline perfusion measurements were highly correlated (slope, 0.99; Pearson r = 0.96, P < 0.001). For the CPT subject, the largest regional increases were in skeletal muscle (psoas, 142%) and the myocardium (64%). One of the PVD patients showed increased collateral vessel growth in the calf because of a peripheral stenosis. Comorbidities including myocardial infarction, hypothyroidism, and renal failure were correlated with variations in organ-specific perfusion. Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates the ability to obtain reproducible measurements of total-body perfusion using [11C]-butanol. The methods are sensitive to local perturbations in flow because of physiologic stressors and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, California
| | - Javier E López
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UC Davis Health, UC Davis, Sacramento, California; and
| | | | - Yasser Abdelhafez
- Department of Radiology, UC Davis Health, UC Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Ramsey D Badawi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, California
- Department of Radiology, UC Davis Health, UC Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Guobao Wang
- Department of Radiology, UC Davis Health, UC Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Simon R Cherry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, California;
- Department of Radiology, UC Davis Health, UC Davis, Sacramento, California
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Parrilha GL, dos Santos RG, Beraldo H. Applications of radiocomplexes with thiosemicarbazones and bis(thiosemicarbazones) in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Green MA, Mathias CJ, Smith NJ, Cheng M, Hutchins GD. In Vivo Quantitative Whole-Body Perfusion Imaging Using Radiolabeled Copper(II) Bis(Thiosemicarbazone) Complexes and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2393:751-771. [PMID: 34837210 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1803-5_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditional quantitative perfusion imaging methods require complex data acquisition and analysis strategies; typically require ancillary arterial blood sampling for measurement of input functions; are limited to single organ or tissue regions in an imaging session; and because of their complexity, are not well suited for routine clinical implementation in a standardized fashion that can be readily repeated across diverse clinical sites. The whole-body perfusion method described in this chapter has the advantages of on-demand radiotracer production; simple tissue pharmacokinetics enabling standardized estimation of perfusion; short-lived radionuclides, facilitating repeat or combination imaging procedures; and scalability to support widespread clinical implementation. This method leverages the unique physiological characteristics of radiolabeled copper(II) bis(thiosemicarbazone) complexes and the detection sensitivity of positron emission tomography (PET) to produce quantitatively accurate whole-body perfusion images. This chapter describes the synthesis of ethylglyoxal bis(thosemicarbazonato)copper(II) labeled with copper-62 ([62Cu]Cu-ETS), its unique physiological characteristics, a simple tracer kinetic model for estimation of perfusion using image-derived input functions, and validation of the method against a reference standard perfusion tracer. A detailed description of the methods is provided to facilitate implementation of the perfusion imaging method in PET imaging facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Green
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carla J Mathias
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Smith
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Monica Cheng
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gary D Hutchins
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Green MA, Mathias CJ. Synthesis and formulation of [64Cu]Cu-PTSM for PET perfusion imaging in small animal models. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 182:110119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aminolroayaei F, Shahbazi‐Gahrouei D, Shahbazi‐Gahrouei S, Rasouli N. Recent nanotheranostics applications for cancer therapy and diagnosis: A review. IET Nanobiotechnol 2021; 15:247-256. [PMID: 34694670 PMCID: PMC8675832 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotheranostics has attracted much attention due to its widespread application in molecular imaging and cancer therapy. Molecular imaging using nanoparticles has attracted special attention in the diagnosis of cancer at early stages. With the progress made in nanotheranostics, studying drug release, accumulation in the target tissue, biodistribution, and treatment effectiveness are other important factors. However, according to the studies conducted in this regard, each nanoparticle has some advantages and limitations that should be examined and then used in clinical applications. The main goal of this review is to explore the recent advancements in nanotheranostics for cancer therapy and diagnosis. Then, it is attempted to present recent studies on nanotheranostics used as a contrast agent in various imaging modalities and a platform for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Aminolroayaei
- Department of Medical PhysicsSchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | | | | | - Naser Rasouli
- Department of Medical PhysicsSchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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Neuber C, Belter B, Meister S, Hofheinz F, Bergmann R, Pietzsch HJ, Pietzsch J. Overexpression of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase EphB4 Triggers Tumor Growth and Hypoxia in A375 Melanoma Xenografts: Insights from Multitracer Small Animal Imaging Experiments. Molecules 2018; 23:E444. [PMID: 29462967 PMCID: PMC6017846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence has associated receptor tyrosine kinase EphB4 with tumor angiogenesis also in malignant melanoma. Considering the limited in vivo data available, we have conducted a systematic multitracer and multimodal imaging investigation in EphB4-overexpressing and mock-transfected A375 melanoma xenografts. Tumor growth, perfusion, and hypoxia were investigated by positron emission tomography. Vascularization was investigated by fluorescence imaging in vivo and ex vivo. The approach was completed by magnetic resonance imaging, radioluminography ex vivo, and immunohistochemical staining for blood and lymph vessel markers. Results revealed EphB4 to be a positive regulator of A375 melanoma growth, but a negative regulator of tumor vascularization. Resulting in increased hypoxia, this physiological characteristic is considered as highly unfavorable for melanoma prognosis and therapy outcome. Lymphangiogenesis, by contrast, was not influenced by EphB4 overexpression. In order to distinguish between EphB4 forward and EphrinB2, the natural EphB4 ligand, reverse signaling a specific EphB4 kinase inhibitor was applied. Blocking experiments show EphrinB2 reverse signaling rather than EphB4 forward signaling to be responsible for the observed effects. In conclusion, functional expression of EphB4 is considered a promising differentiating characteristic, preferentially determined by non-invasive in vivo imaging, which may improve personalized theranostics of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Neuber
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01314 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Birgit Belter
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01314 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Meister
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01314 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Frank Hofheinz
- Department Positron Emission Tomography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01314 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01314 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Department Radionuclide Theragnostics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01314 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01314 Dresden, Germany.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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Abstract
The fields of biomedical nanotechnology and theranostics have enjoyed exponential growth in recent years. The "Molecular Imaging in Nanotechnology and Theranostics" (MINT) Interest Group of the World Molecular Imaging Society (WMIS) was created in order to provide a more organized and focused forum on these topics within the WMIS and at the World Molecular Imaging Conference (WMIC). The interest group was founded in 2015 and was officially inaugurated during the 2016 WMIC. The overarching goal of MINT is to bring together the many scientists who work on molecular imaging approaches using nanotechnology and those that work on theranostic agents. MINT therefore represents scientists, labs, and institutes that are very diverse in their scientific backgrounds and areas of expertise, reflecting the wide array of materials and approaches that drive these fields. In this short review, we attempt to provide a condensed overview over some of the key areas covered by MINT. Given the breadth of the fields and the given space constraints, we have limited the coverage to the realm of nanoconstructs, although theranostics is certainly not limited to this domain. We will also focus only on the most recent developments of the last 3-5 years, in order to provide the reader with an intuition of what is "in the pipeline" and has potential for clinical translation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysafis Andreou
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Suchetan Pal
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lara Rotter
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jiang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Moritz F Kircher
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology (CMINT), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Walker CM, Chen Y, Lai SY, Bankson JA. A novel perfused Bloch-McConnell simulator for analyzing the accuracy of dynamic hyperpolarized MRS. Med Phys 2016; 43:854-64. [PMID: 26843246 DOI: 10.1118/1.4939877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hyperpolarized agents allows real-time detection of metabolism in vivo. However, the nonrenewable nature of these signals necessitates data acquisitions that differ significantly from conventional magnetic resonance imaging. Signal evolution is permanently altered by the data acquisition scheme, potentially leading to sequence parameter-dependent bias in quantification. The authors have developed a novel simulation environment to characterize the effects of sequence parameters on magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based chemical exchange measurements using hyperpolarized pyruvate. METHODS Conventional Bloch-McConnell equations were coupled with a pharmacokinetic model for perfusion to allow realistic simulation of in vivo dynamic hyperpolarized signal evolution. In this study, simulations were conducted to explore effects of excitation angle and repetition time on the observed signal and subsequent parametric analysis. Both high and low apparent exchange rates were modeled under assumption of both perfused and closed systems. Bias due to sampling strategy bias was subsequently tested in vivo. RESULTS Simulation of dynamic magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies using hyperpolarized pyruvate demonstrated that for closed systems, accurate measurement of the apparent exchange rate was possible over a wide range of sequence parameters. This was true for both high and low apparent exchange rates, although a low exchange rate was associated with larger errors when excitation angles were high. When effects of perfusion were included to account for pyruvate delivery, a more restricted range of settings led to accurate quantification of exchange rates. Perfusion alleviated some of the errors seen at high excitation angles for low exchange rates. Residuals from parametric analysis did not generally correlate with fit accuracy, implying that the quality of the analysis model was not a major driver of error. Animal studies acquired with sequence parameters that are predicted to impart bias showed a significant under estimation of exchange rates (P < 0.035) compared to parameter combinations that are not expected to bias measurements. CONCLUSIONS The authors' results suggest that great care must be taken when measuring dynamic processes by magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hyperpolarized substrates. When comparing apparent exchange rates, choice of sequence parameters will affect the results. Bias introduced by parameters of more advanced acquisition and reconstruction schemes will likely increase compared to the relatively simple dynamic spectroscopy methods tested herein. The modified Bloch-McConnell equations the authors describe will be crucial tools for characterizing and optimizing the performance of these more advanced techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Walker
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yunyun Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Stephen Y Lai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - James A Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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Gofrit ON, Orevi M. Diagnostic Challenges of Kidney Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Role of Positron Emission Tomography-Computerized Tomography. J Urol 2016; 196:648-57. [PMID: 27140072 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Positron emission tomography-computerized tomography is a leading imaging modality for many types of solid tumors. The ability to characterize molecular processes noninvasively during a relatively fast whole-body scan is the major advantage of this technology. We reviewed the literature in an attempt to clarify the usefulness of positron emission tomography-computerized tomography in patients with a renal mass. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed® for articles published from 2004 through September 2015 using the keywords "renal," "kidney," "mass," "tumor," "cancer," and "PET/CT." RESULTS A total of 158 relevant articles were included in the review. Most diagnostic studies used (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose, a marker of glucose metabolism, as the radiotracer. The results were substandard, with sensitivity rates in the range of 31.5% to 77% for diagnosis of renal cell carcinomas. There were higher success rates for diagnosis of clear cell carcinomas. Carbonic anhydrase IX is an enzyme expressed in 95% of clear cell carcinomas but not in normal renal tissue or in benign or nonclear cell malignancies. A chimeric mouse-human antibody to carbonic anhydrase IX labeled with (124)I-girentuximab was demonstrated to diagnose clear cell tumors with sensitivity of 86.2% and specificity of 85.9%. For diagnosis of metastases positron emission tomography-computerized tomography with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose was observed to be more accurate than computerized tomography alone (94% vs 89%). Studies with other tracers also reveal encouraging results. Positron emission tomography-computerized tomography holds great promise in predicting prognosis and response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Current tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatments usually induce only mild lesion shrinkage. Thus, assessment of response based on changes in size of metastases is insufficient. Low (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake before treatment and decreased uptake after 2 cycles of treatment are associated with better survival. Using labeled medications as radiotracers before actual treatment may assist in selection of the most effective medication for a specific patient. CONCLUSIONS Positron emission tomography-computerized tomography with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose currently has lower sensitivity compared to enhanced computerized tomography for diagnosis of primary renal masses but better sensitivity for diagnosis of metastases. Predicting and monitoring response to targeted therapy could direct the clinician toward drug selection or modification during therapy. The possibility of treating patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma with (124)I-girentuximab attached to (177)Lu, a strong β-emitter, is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer N Gofrit
- Department of Urology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Marina Orevi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Ng Y, Lacy JL, Fletcher JW, Green MA. Performance of a ⁶²Zn/⁶²Cu microgenerator in kit-based synthesis and delivery of [⁶²Cu]Cu-ETS for PET perfusion imaging. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 91:38-43. [PMID: 24886964 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The performance of a commercially produced (62)Zn/(62)Cu microgenerator system, and an associated kit-based radiopharmaceutical synthesis method, was evaluated for clinical site production of [(62)Cu]Cu-ETS (ethylglyoxal bis(thiosemicarbazonato)copper(II)), an investigational agent for PET perfusion imaging. Using 37 generators, containing 1.84±0.23 GBq (62)Zn at 9:00 AM on the day of clinical use, a total of 45 patient doses of [(62)Cu]Cu-ETS (672±172 MBq) were delivered without difficulty. (62)Cu elution yields were high (approximately 90%), accompanied by extremely low (62)Zn breakthrough (<0.001%). Radiopharmaceutical preparation, from the start-of-elution to time-of-injection, consumed less than five minutes. The (62)Zn/(62)Cu microgenerator was a dependable source of short-lived positron-emitting (62)Cu, and the kit-based synthesis proved to be rapid, robust, and highly reliable for "on-demand" delivery of [(62)Cu]Cu-ETS for PET perfusion imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Ng
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Mark A Green
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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