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Zuo Y, Solingapuram Sai KK, Jazic A, Bansode AH, Rose JE, Mukhin AG. Comparison of brain nicotine accumulation from traditional combustible cigarettes and electronic cigarettes with different formulations. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:740-746. [PMID: 38225397 PMCID: PMC10876700 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Rapid brain accumulation is critical for the acute reinforcing effects of nicotine. Although nicotine formulation (free-base vs. protonated or salt) in electronic cigarette (E-cig) liquid affects user satisfaction, its impact on brain nicotine accumulation (BNA) from E-cig use has not been evaluated in comparison with traditional combustible cigarettes (C-cigs) using a within-subjects design. BNA was directly assessed with 29 adult dual users (13 females) of E-cigs and C-cigs, using [11C]nicotine and positron emission tomography (PET). Participants underwent two 15-min upper body (from chest to head) scanning sessions during which they inhaled a single puff of [11C]nicotine-labeled vapor from E-cigs with free-base nicotine or C-cig smoke in a randomized order. Seventeen of them also went through another session during which they inhaled from E-cigs with nicotine salt. A full-body scan was also conducted at each session to measure total absorbed dose of [11C]nicotine. Mean maximum nicotine concentration (Cmax) in brain following inhalation of free-base nicotine E-cig vapor was 19% and 15% lower relative to C-cig smoke and nicotine salt E-cig vapor (ps = 0.014 and 0.043, respectively). The Cmax values did not differ significantly between the C-cig and nicotine salt E-cig. Mean values of time to the maximum concentration (Tmax) were not significantly different between the two types of E-cig, but they were 64% and 40% longer than that for C-cig smoking (ps = 0.0005 and 0.004, respectively). Mean Cmax with C-cigs and free-base nicotine E-cigs were greater in females relative to males and correlated with T1/2 of lung nicotine clearance and participants' pack-years. These results suggest that while E-cigs with free-base nicotine formulation can deliver nicotine rapidly to the brain, those with nicotine salt formulation are capable of even more efficient brain nicotine delivery closely resembling combustible cigarettes. Therefore, nicotine formulation or pH in E-liquid should be considered in evaluation of E-cigs in terms of abuse liability and potential in substituting for combustible cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Zuo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Scholl of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Kiran Kumar Solingapuram Sai
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Aeva Jazic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Scholl of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Avinash H Bansode
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Jed E Rose
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Scholl of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Alexey G Mukhin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Scholl of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
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2
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Gerson J, Erdal MK, McDonough MH, Ploense KL, Dauphin-Ducharme P, Honeywell KM, Leung KK, Arroyo-Curras N, Gibson JM, Emmons NA, Meiring W, Hespanha JP, Plaxco KW, Kippin TE. High-precision monitoring of and feedback control over drug concentrations in the brains of freely moving rats. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3254. [PMID: 37196087 PMCID: PMC10191434 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of drug concentrations in the brains of behaving subjects remains constrained on a number of dimensions, including poor temporal resolution and lack of real-time data. Here, however, we demonstrate the ability of electrochemical aptamer-based sensors to support seconds-resolved, real-time measurements of drug concentrations in the brains of freely moving rats. Specifically, using such sensors, we achieve <4 μM limits of detection and 10-s resolution in the measurement of procaine in the brains of freely moving rats, permitting the determination of the pharmacokinetics and concentration-behavior relations of the drug with high precision for individual subjects. In parallel, we have used closed-loop feedback-controlled drug delivery to hold intracranial procaine levels constant (±10%) for >1.5 hours. These results demonstrate the utility of such sensors in (i) the determination of the site-specific, seconds-resolved neuropharmacokinetics, (ii) enabling the study of individual subject neuropharmacokinetics and concentration-response relations, and (iii) performing high-precision control over intracranial drug levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gerson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Murat Kaan Erdal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Matthew H. McDonough
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Kyle L. Ploense
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | | | - Kevin M. Honeywell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Kaylyn K. Leung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Netzahualcoyotl Arroyo-Curras
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jenny M. Gibson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Nicole A. Emmons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Wendy Meiring
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Joao P. Hespanha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Kevin W. Plaxco
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Tod E. Kippin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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3
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Shegani A, Kealey S, Luzi F, Basagni F, Machado JDM, Ekici SD, Ferocino A, Gee AD, Bongarzone S. Radiosynthesis, Preclinical, and Clinical Positron Emission Tomography Studies of Carbon-11 Labeled Endogenous and Natural Exogenous Compounds. Chem Rev 2023; 123:105-229. [PMID: 36399832 PMCID: PMC9837829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of positron emission tomography (PET) centers at most major hospitals worldwide, along with the improvement of PET scanner sensitivity and the introduction of total body PET systems, has increased the interest in the PET tracer development using the short-lived radionuclides carbon-11. In the last few decades, methodological improvements and fully automated modules have allowed the development of carbon-11 tracers for clinical use. Radiolabeling natural compounds with carbon-11 by substituting one of the backbone carbons with the radionuclide has provided important information on the biochemistry of the authentic compounds and increased the understanding of their in vivo behavior in healthy and diseased states. The number of endogenous and natural compounds essential for human life is staggering, ranging from simple alcohols to vitamins and peptides. This review collates all the carbon-11 radiolabeled endogenous and natural exogenous compounds synthesised to date, including essential information on their radiochemistry methodologies and preclinical and clinical studies in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Shegani
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Kealey
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Luzi
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Basagni
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum−University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Joana do Mar Machado
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Sevban Doğan Ekici
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Ferocino
- Institute
of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Italian National Research Council, via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antony D. Gee
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Bongarzone
- School
of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, King’s Health Partners, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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4
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Zheng F, Lian E, Ramirez G, McAlister C, Zhou S, Zhang W, Liu C, Perera R, Zhan CG. Nicotine has no significant cytoprotective activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272941. [PMID: 35980910 PMCID: PMC9387791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a pandemic, one of most important questions was whether people who smoke are at more risk of COVID-19 infection. A number of clinical data have been reported in the literature so far, but controversy exists in the collection and interpretation of the data. Particularly, there is a controversial hypothesis that nicotine might be able to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the present study, motivated by the reported controversial clinical data and the controversial hypothesis, we carried out cytotoxicity assays in Vero E6 cells to examine the potential cytoprotective activity of nicotine against SARS-CoV-2 infection and demonstrated for the first time that nicotine had no significant cytoprotective activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zheng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Elena Lian
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Gaby Ramirez
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Carley McAlister
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Wen Zhang
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Chunming Liu
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Rushika Perera
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Tapia MA, Jin XT, Tucker BR, Thomas LN, Walker NB, Kim VJ, Albertson SE, Damuka N, Krizan I, Edassery S, Savas JN, Sai KKS, Jones SR, Drenan RM. Relapse-like behavior and nAChR sensitization following intermittent access nicotine self-administration. Neuropharmacology 2022; 212:109066. [PMID: 35461879 PMCID: PMC9527938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many tobacco smokers consume nicotine intermittently, but the underlying mechanisms and neurobiological changes associated with intermittent nicotine intake are unclear. Understanding intermittent nicotine intake is a high priority, as it could promote therapeutic strategies to attenuate tobacco consumption. We examined nicotine intake behavior and neurobiological changes in male rats that were trained to self-administer nicotine during brief (5 min) trials interspersed with longer (15 min) drug-free periods. Rats readily adapted to intermittent access (IntA) SA following acquisition on a continuous access (ContA) schedule. Probabilistic analysis of IntA nicotine SA suggested reduced nicotine loading behavior compared to ContA, and nicotine pharmacokinetic modeling revealed that rats taking nicotine intermittently may have increased intake to maintain blood levels of nicotine that are comparable to ContA SA. After IntA nicotine SA, rats exhibited an increase in unreinforced responses for nicotine-associated cues (incubation of craving) and specific alterations in the striatal proteome after 7 days without nicotine. IntA nicotine SA also induced nAChR functional upregulation in the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), and it enhanced nicotine binding in the brain as determined via [11C]nicotine positron emission tomography. Reducing the saliency of the cue conditions during the 5 min access periods attenuated nicotine intake, but incubation of craving was preserved. Together, these results indicate that IntA conditions promote nicotine SA and nicotine seeking after a nicotine-free period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Tapia
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xiao-Tao Jin
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Brenton R. Tucker
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Leanne N. Thomas
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Noah B. Walker
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Veronica J. Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven E. Albertson
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Naresh Damuka
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ivan Krizan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Seby Edassery
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Savas
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sara R. Jones
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ryan M. Drenan
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Corresponding author. (R.M. Drenan)
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Nautiyal A, Mondal T, Mitra D, Goel A, Dey SK, Kaushik A. A SIMPLE AND NOVEL APPROACH TO STUDY KINETICS AND ESTIMATE RADIATION DOSES FROM INTERNALLY ADMINISTERED RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS USING AN EXTERNAL DOSE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2021; 196:141-152. [PMID: 34585244 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Various methods have been reported to study radiotracer kinetics and make internal dosimetry feasible in the routine clinical nuclear medicine practice. The aim of the present study was to quantify cumulative activity and organ doses using an indigenously designed and fabricated external dose measurement system. The measurement was demonstrated on patients undergoing whole-body (WB) 18F-FDG (Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose) direct positron emission tomography/computed tomography investigations. An external dose measurement system comprising of an ionisation chamber-survey meter and the movable focussing collimator was used to quantify the uptake of 18F-FDG in liver and brain. Cumulative activity and normalised cumulative activity in these organs were calculated. The results were validated by performing measurements on a phantom uniformly filled with known activity of 18F-FDG.The difference in the absorbed dose estimated with and without collimator was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The external dose measurement technique is relatively novel, convenient and reliable for the assessment of internal absorbed dose of organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Nautiyal
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, AMRI Hospitals, Dhakuria, Kolkata, India
- Amity Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Tanmoy Mondal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake, Kolkata, India
| | - Deepanjan Mitra
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, AMRI Hospitals, Dhakuria, Kolkata, India
| | - Alpana Goel
- Amity Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake, Kolkata, India
| | - Aruna Kaushik
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
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7
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Biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of the positron emission tomography probe for AMPA receptor, [ 11C]K-2, in healthy human subjects. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1598. [PMID: 33452361 PMCID: PMC7810729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
[11C]K-2, a radiotracer exhibiting high affinity and selectivity for α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs), is suitable for the quantification of AMPARs in living human brains and potentially useful in the identification of epileptogenic foci in patients. This study aimed to estimate the radiation doses of [11C]K-2 in various organs and calculate the effective dose after injection of [11C]K-2 in healthy human subjects. Twelve healthy male subjects were registered and divided into two groups (370 or 555 MBq of [11C]K-2), followed by 2 h whole-body scans. We estimated the radiation dose of each organ and then calculated the effective dose for each subject. The highest uptake of [11C]K-2 was observed in the liver, while the brain also showed relatively high uptake. The urinary bladder exhibited the highest radiation dose. The kidneys and liver also showed high radiation doses after [11C]K-2 injections. The effective dose of [11C]K-2 ranged from 5.0 to 5.2 μSv/MBq. Our findings suggest that [11C]K-2 is safe in terms of the radiation dose and adverse effects. The injection of 370–555 MBq (10 to 15 mCi) for PET studies using this radiotracer is applicable in healthy human subjects and enables serial PET scans in a single subject.
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8
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Error evaluation of the D-shuttle dosimeter technique in positron emission tomography study. Radiol Phys Technol 2019; 12:363-373. [PMID: 31420776 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-019-00530-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The D-shuttle dosimeter technique is a convenient approach for estimating the radiation dosimetry in a positron emission tomography (PET) study that employs multiple D-shuttle dosimeters attached to the body surface of a patient. To bring this technique into clinical usage, it is very important to evaluate its performance by investigating the bias associated with D-shuttle dosimeter positioning and by comparing the estimates with those of the whole-body dynamic PET imaging technique. The torso cavity and six spheres of the NEMA body phantom were filled with 18F-FDG solution, and then, the phantom was imaged for 1 h. We assumed the mislocated positioning of the D-shuttle dosimeters by shifting them in the z-direction (upper) in a range of 1-5 cm from the original positions. The cumulative radioactivities, absorbed doses, and effective dose were estimated using accurate and mislocated positions of the D-shuttle dosimeters. For comparison, the cumulative radioactivities were also estimated from the PET images, and then, the absorbed doses and effective dose were computed. The maximum bias of the average estimated cumulated radioactivities and the effective doses was - 15.0% and - 19.7% for the 1 cm shifted positions, respectively. The ratios of absorbed doses obtained from D-shuttle and PET measurement against the actual values were between 0.9 and 1.3, and 0.7 and 1.0, respectively. The bias associated with the D-shuttle dosimeter positions was significant and probably consistent, and both dosimetric techniques exhibited good performance in this phantom study.
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9
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Whole Body PET Imaging with a Norepinephrine Transporter Probe 4-[18F]Fluorobenzylguanidine: Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 21:686-695. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Islam MS, Watanuki S, Tashiro M, Watabe H. Internal radiation dose estimation using multiple D-shuttle dosimeters for positron emission tomography (PET): A validation study using NEMA body phantom. Med Phys 2018; 45:4693-4703. [PMID: 30098031 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Internal radiation dosimetry plays an important role in ensuring the safe use of positron emission tomography (PET) technology and is a legal requirement in most countries. We propose a new technique to estimate the internal radiation dose in PET studies by means of multiple D-shuttle dosimeters attached on the body surface of the patient. METHODS Radioactivity in a source organ was estimated iteratively using measurements from multiple D-shuttle dosimeters with a maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (MLEM) algorithm with dose response from a source to a D-shuttle dosimeter computed by Monte Carlo simulation. To validate our technique, we performed a phantom study using a National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) body phantom. The fillable compartments (torso cavity and six spheres) of the phantom were filled with 18 F-FDG mixed with pure water using an 800:1 sphere-to-background radioactivity concentration ratio. The radioactivity concentrations present in the torso cavity and six spheres were 0.00165 MBq/mL and 1.32 MBq/mL, respectively. The initial radioactivities of the torso cavity and six spheres (treated as source organs) were 15.9 MBq (torso cavity), 34.7 MBq (37 mm sphere), 15.1 MBq (28 mm sphere), 7.27 MBq (22 mm sphere), 3.26 MBq (17 mm sphere), 1.54 MBq (13 mm sphere), and 0.697 MBq (10 mm sphere). Eleven D-shuttle dosimeters were attached to the NEMA body phantom surface to obtain information on body surface dose and a mathematical NEMA body phantom has been modeled in the Heavy Ion Transport Code System (PHITS) Monte Carlo simulation code. RESULTS Radioactivity was estimated in 2 min intervals over a 110-min total dose time using our proposed technique. A significant correlation (R2 = 0.992) was found between actual radioactivity and estimated radioactivity at every 2 min interval for each source organ. The estimated initial radioactivity (mean with standard deviation) was 16.5 ± 0.311 MBq (torso cavity), 33.0 ± 0.624 MBq (37 mm sphere), 15.7 ± 0.189 MBq (28 mm sphere), 7.11 ± 0.738 MBq (22 mm sphere), 4.17 ± 0.083 MBq (17 mm sphere), 1.48 ± 0.469 MBq (13 mm sphere), and 0.865 ± 0.313 MBq (10 mm sphere), which were very close to the actual initial radioactivity measurements for each source organ. CONCLUSIONS The phantom study showed that our technique worked successfully. This technique could be used to estimate internal radiation dosimetry in a clinical PET study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahidul Islam
- Division of Radiation Protection and Safety Control, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Centre, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,Radiation Control Division, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.,Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, E-12/A, Agargaon, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Shoichi Watanuki
- Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Centre, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Manabu Tashiro
- Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Centre, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watabe
- Division of Radiation Protection and Safety Control, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Centre, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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11
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Cui Q, Liu Y, Zhou M, Han Y, Yin C, Bai G. An Optimized MicroPET Imaging Method for the Distribution and Synergies of Natural Products. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:948. [PMID: 30186178 PMCID: PMC6110851 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Understanding the distribution and interaction of the Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) is an integral source of herbal drug discovery. An optimized radio-labeled method was explored that could conduct in situ biodistribution studies in animals. We evaluated the feasibility of the method and applied glycyrrhetinic acid and platycodon (PG) polysaccharides as models. Procedures: [18F]-GA is a novel radiotracer which was performed positron emission tomography (PET) studies to assay the biodistribution of GA in mice. In addition, PG polysaccharide was used to intervene the biodistribution and dosimetry of GA. Scanning data were analyzed with professional software. Results: Record the time-activity curves for all organs then use the normalization method to calculate the area under the curve as a dosimetry for each organ. Moreover, the addition of PG polysaccharides can significantly improve the dosimetry of GA in the lungs, and its effect was related to the administration time. Conclusion: MicroPET imaging opens up a new avenue for the application of drug interactions between the TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Cui
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengge Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanqi Han
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengcheng Yin
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Bai
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Development and optimization of a novel automated loop method for production of [ 11C]nicotine. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 140:76-82. [PMID: 29957537 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel, rapid, and automated loop method for the synthesis of [11C]nicotine was developed and optimized. The method involves, a reaction of the precursor, (+) nornicotine or (-) nornicotine, with a gas-phase produced [11C]CH3I in an 800 µL loop at 75 °C for 5 min followed by a semi-preparatory Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) purification. The optimized synthesis and purification process was complete in < 30 min and produced [11C]nicotine with > 99.9% Radiochemical Purity (RCP), no [11C]CH3I, no (+) nornicotine, 105 mCi/µmole specific activity, 7.0 - 7.2 pH, and 16.6% ethanol. The current method can be optimized, to reduce the ethanol content (<10%), and can be translated to a cGMP production of [11C]nicotine for human clinical trials.
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Mukherjee J, Lao PJ, Betthauser TJ, Samra GK, Pan ML, Patel IH, Liang C, Metherate R, Christian BT. Human brain imaging of nicotinic acetylcholine α4β2* receptors using [ 18 F]Nifene: Selectivity, functional activity, toxicity, aging effects, gender effects, and extrathalamic pathways. J Comp Neurol 2017; 526:80-95. [PMID: 28875553 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors (nAChR's) have been implicated in several brain disorders, including addiction, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Here we report in vitro selectivity and functional properties, toxicity in rats, in vivo evaluation in humans, and comparison across species of [18 F]Nifene, a fast acting PET imaging agent for α4β2* nAChRs. Nifene had subnanomolar affinities for hα2β2 (0.34 nM), hα3β2 (0.80 nM) and hα4β2 (0.83 nM) nAChR but weaker (27-219 nM) for hβ4 nAChR subtypes and 169 nM for hα7 nAChR. In functional assays, Nifene (100 μM) exhibited 14% agonist and >50% antagonist characteristics. In 14-day acute toxicity in rats, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) were estimated to exceed 40 μg/kg/day (278 μg/m2 /day). In human PET studies, [18 F]Nifene (185 MBq; <0.10 μg) was well tolerated with no adverse effects. Distribution volume ratios (DVR) of [18 F]Nifene in white matter thalamic radiations were ∼1.6 (anterior) and ∼1.5 (superior longitudinal fasciculus). Habenula known to contain α3β2 nAChR exhibited low levels of [18 F]Nifene binding while the red nucleus with α2β2 nAChR had DVR ∼1.6-1.7. Females had higher [18 F]Nifene binding in all brain regions, with thalamus showing >15% than males. No significant aging effect was observed in [18 F]Nifene binding over 5 decades. In all species (mice, rats, monkeys, and humans) thalamus showed highest [18 F]Nifene binding with reference region ratios >2 compared to extrathalamic regions. Our findings suggest that [18 F]Nifene PET may be used to study α4β2* nAChRs in various CNS disorders and for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogeshwar Mukherjee
- Preclinical Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Patrick J Lao
- Department of Medical Physics and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tobey J Betthauser
- Department of Medical Physics and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gurleen K Samra
- Preclinical Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Min-Liang Pan
- Preclinical Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Ishani H Patel
- Preclinical Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California
| | | | - Raju Metherate
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Department of Medical Physics and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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