1
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Buckle T, Rietbergen DDD, de Wit-van der Veen L, Schottelius M. Lessons learned in application driven imaging agent design for image-guided surgery. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:3040-3054. [PMID: 38900308 PMCID: PMC11300579 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
To meet the growing demand for intraoperative molecular imaging, the development of compatible imaging agents plays a crucial role. Given the unique requirements of surgical applications compared to diagnostics and therapy, maximizing translational potential necessitates distinctive imaging agent designs. For effective surgical guidance, exogenous signatures are essential and are achievable through a diverse range of imaging labels such as (radio)isotopes, fluorescent dyes, or combinations thereof. To achieve optimal in vivo utility a balanced molecular design of the tracer as a whole is required, which ensures a harmonious effect of the imaging label with the affinity and specificity (e.g., pharmacokinetics) of a pharmacophore/targeting moiety. This review outlines common design strategies and the effects of refinements in the molecular imaging agent design on the agent's pharmacological profile. This includes the optimization of affinity, pharmacokinetics (including serum binding and target mediated background), biological clearance route, the achievable signal intensity, and the effect of dosing hereon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne D D Rietbergen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Section Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda de Wit-van der Veen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Translational Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25A, Agora, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland.
- Agora, pôle de recherche sur le cancer, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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2
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Gamage RS, Smith BD. Fluorescence Imaging Using Deep-Red Indocyanine Blue, a Complementary Partner for Near-Infrared Indocyanine Green. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2024; 2:384-397. [PMID: 38817322 PMCID: PMC11134606 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.4c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Indocyanine Blue (ICB) is the deep-red pentamethine analogue of the widely used clinical near-infrared heptamethine cyanine dye Indocyanine Green (ICG). The two fluorophores have the same number of functional groups and molecular charge and vary only by a single vinylene unit in the polymethine chain, which produces a predictable difference in spectral and physicochemical properties. We find that the two dyes can be employed as a complementary pair in diverse types of fundamental and applied fluorescence imaging experiments. A fundamental fluorescence spectroscopy study used ICB and ICG to test a recently proposed Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) mechanism for enhanced fluorescence brightness in heavy water (D2O). The results support two important corollaries of the proposal: (a) the strategy of using heavy water to increase the brightness of fluorescent dyes for microscopy or imaging is most effective when the dye emission band is above 650 nm, and (b) the magnitude of the heavy water florescence enhancement effect for near-infrared ICG is substantially diminished when the ICG surface is dehydrated due to binding by albumin protein. Two applied fluorescence imaging studies demonstrated how deep-red ICB can be combined with a near-infrared fluorophore for paired agent imaging in the same living subject. One study used dual-channel mouse imaging to visualize increased blood flow in a model of inflamed tissue, and a second mouse tumor imaging study simultaneously visualized the vasculature and cancerous tissue in separate fluorescence channels. The results suggest that ICB and ICG can be incorporated within multicolor fluorescence imaging methods for perfusion imaging and hemodynamic characterization of a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rananjaya S Gamage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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3
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Chapeau D, Beekman S, Handula M, Murce E, de Ridder C, Stuurman D, Seimbille Y. eTFC-01: a dual-labeled chelate-bridged tracer for SSTR2-positive tumors. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:44. [PMID: 38775990 PMCID: PMC11111636 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrating radioactive and optical imaging techniques can facilitate the prognosis and surgical guidance for cancer patients. Using a single dual-labeled tracer ensures consistency in both imaging modalities. However, developing such molecule is challenging due to the need to preserve the biochemical properties of the tracer while introducing bulky labeling moieties. In our study, we designed a trifunctional chelate that facilitates the coupling of the targeting vector and fluorescent dye at opposite sites to avoid undesired steric hindrance effects. The synthesis of the trifunctional chelate N3-Py-DOTAGA-(tBu)3 (7) involved a five-step synthetic route, followed by conjugation to the linear peptidyl-resin 8 through solid-phase synthesis. After deprotection and cyclization, the near-infrared fluorescent dye sulfo-Cy.5 was introduced using copper free click chemistry, resulting in eTFC-01. Subsequently, eTFC-01 was labeled with [111In]InCl3. In vitro assessments of eTFC-01 binding, uptake, and internalization were conducted in SSTR2-transfected U2OS cells. Ex-vivo biodistribution and fluorescence imaging were performed in H69-tumor bearing mice. RESULTS eTFC-01 demonstrated a two-fold higher IC50 value for SSTR2 compared to the gold standard DOTA-TATE. Labeling of eTFC-01 with [111In]InCl3 gave a high radiochemical yield and purity. The uptake of [111In]In-eTFC-01 in U2OS.SSTR2 cells was two-fold lower than the uptake of [111In]In-DOTA-TATE, consistent with the binding affinity. Tumor uptake in H69-xenografted mice was lower for [111In]In-eTFC-01 at all-time points compared to [111In]In-DOTA-TATE. Prolonged blood circulation led to increased accumulation of [111In]In-eTFC-01 in highly vascularized tissues, such as lungs, skin, and heart. Fluorescence measurements in different organs correlated with the radioactive signal distribution. CONCLUSION The successful synthesis and coupling of the trifunctional chelate to the peptide and fluorescent dye support the potential of this synthetic approach to generate dual labeled tracers. While promising in vitro, the in vivo results obtained with [111In]In-eTFC-01 suggest the need for adjustments to enhance tracer distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Chapeau
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Savanne Beekman
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryana Handula
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erika Murce
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corrina de Ridder
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debra Stuurman
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Erasmus MC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- TRIUMF, Life Sciences Division, Vancouver, Canada.
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4
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Declerck NB, Huygen C, Mateusiak L, Stroet MCM, Hernot S. The GEM-handle as convenient labeling strategy for bimodal single-domain antibody-based tracers carrying 99mTc and a near-infrared fluorescent dye for intra-operative decision-making. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1285923. [PMID: 38035094 PMCID: PMC10684908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-operative fluorescence imaging has demonstrated its ability to improve tumor lesion identification. However, the limited tissue penetration of the fluorescent signals hinders the detection of deep-lying or occult lesions. Integrating fluorescence imaging with SPECT and/or intra-operative gamma-probing synergistically combines the deep tissue penetration of gamma rays for tumor localization with the precision of fluorescence imaging for precise tumor resection. In this study, we detail the use of a genetically encoded multifunctional handle, henceforth referred to as a GEM-handle, for the development of fluorescent/radioactive bimodal single-domain antibody (sdAb)-based tracers. A sdAb that targets the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) was engineered to carry a GEM-handle containing a carboxy-terminal hexahistidine-tag and cysteine-tag. A two-step labeling strategy was optimized and applied to site-specifically label IRDye800CW and 99mTc to the sdAb. Bimodal labeling of the sdAbs proved straightforward and successful. 99mTc activity was however restricted to 18.5 MBq per nmol fluorescently-labeled sdAb to prevent radiobleaching of IRDye800CW without impeding SPECT/CT imaging. Subsequently, the in vivo biodistribution and tumor-targeting capacity of the bimodal tracer were evaluated in uPAR-positive tumor-bearing mice using SPECT/CT and fluorescence imaging. The bimodal sdAb showed expected renal background signals due to tracer clearance, along with slightly elevated non-specific liver signals. Four hours post-injection, both SPECT/CT and fluorescent images achieved satisfactory tumor uptake and contrast, with significantly higher values observed for the anti-uPAR bimodal sdAb compared to a control non-targeting sdAb. In conclusion, the GEM-handle is a convenient method for designing and producing bimodal sdAb-based tracers with adequate in vivo characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sophie Hernot
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Laboratory (MITH), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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5
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Li DH, Gamage RS, Oliver AG, Patel NL, Muhammad Usama S, Kalen JD, Schnermann MJ, Smith BD. Doubly Strapped Zwitterionic NIR-I and NIR-II Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes for Bioconjugation and Fluorescence Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305062. [PMID: 37163228 PMCID: PMC10330731 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Heptamethine cyanine dyes enable deep tissue fluorescence imaging in the near infrared (NIR) window. Small molecule conjugates of the benchmark dye ZW800-1 have been tested in humans. However, long-term imaging protocols using ZW800-1 conjugates are limited by their instability, primarily because the chemically labile C4'-O-aryl linker is susceptible to cleavage by biological nucleophiles. Here, we report a modular synthetic method that produces novel doubly strapped zwitterionic heptamethine cyanine dyes, including a structural analogue of ZW800-1, with greatly enhanced dye stability. NIR-I and NIR-II versions of these doubly strapped dyes can be conjugated to proteins, including monoclonal antibodies, without causing undesired fluorophore degradation or dye stacking on the protein surface. The fluorescent antibody conjugates show excellent tumor-targeting specificity in a xenograft mouse tumor model. The enhanced stability provided by doubly strapped molecular design will enable new classes of in vivo NIR fluorescence imaging experiments with possible translation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rananjaya S Gamage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Nimit L Patel
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Syed Muhammad Usama
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Joseph D Kalen
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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6
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Verhoeven M, Handula M, van den Brink L, de Ridder CMA, Stuurman DC, Seimbille Y, Dalm SU. Pre- and Intraoperative Visualization of GRPR-Expressing Solid Tumors: Preclinical Profiling of Novel Dual-Modality Probes for Nuclear and Fluorescence Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072161. [PMID: 37046825 PMCID: PMC10093582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Image-guided surgery using a gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-targeting dual-modality probe could improve the accuracy of the resection of various solid tumors. The aim of this study was to further characterize our four previously developed GRPR-targeting dual-modality probes that vary in linker structures and were labeled with indium-111 and sulfo-cyanine 5. Cell uptake studies with GRPR-positive PC-3 cells and GRPR-negative NCI-H69 cells confirmed receptor specificity. Imaging and biodistribution studies at 4 and 24 h with 20 MBq/1 nmol [111In]In-12-15 were performed in nude mice bearing a PC-3 and NCI-H69 xenograft, and showed that the probe with only a pADA linker in the backbone had the highest tumor-to-organ ratios (T/O) at 24 h after injection (T/O > 5 for, e.g., prostate, muscle and blood). For this probe, a dose optimization study with three doses (0.75, 1.25 and 1.75 nmol; 20 MBq) revealed that the maximum image contrast was achieved with the lowest dose. Subsequently, the probe was successfully used for tumor excision in a simulated image-guided surgery setting. Moreover, it demonstrated binding to tissue sections of human prostate, breast and gastro-intestinal stromal tumors. In summary, our findings demonstrate that the developed dual-modality probe has the potential to aid in the complete surgical removal of GRPR-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Verhoeven
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryana Handula
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian van den Brink
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corrina M. A. de Ridder
- Department of Experimental Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debra C. Stuurman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Simone U. Dalm
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Dionisi EM, Binder JF, LaFortune JHW, Macdonald CLB. A remarkably stable acyclic phosphamethine cyanine dye. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2448-2454. [PMID: 36723255 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
While cyanine dyes enjoy a multitude of uses in science and technology, their phosphorus analogues, phosphamethine cyanine dyes, have not yet found benchtop applications primarily because of their sensitivity to air and moisture. We are excited to report full characterization of an extraordinarily stable acyclic phosphamethine cyanine dye. Nitrile substituents on the N-heterocyclic framework afford air and water stability as well as resistance to methylation and sulfuration even under forcing conditions. Cyclic voltammetry confirms a high oxidation potential of the compound and computational investigations reveal stabilized orbitals. The unusual orbital stability appears to render the normally electron-rich PI site an extremely poor nucleophile and difficult to oxidize. From a practical perspective, this dye is prepared in a one-pot method under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Dionisi
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By. Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Justin F Binder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - James H W LaFortune
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By. Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Charles L B Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By. Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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8
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García de Jalón E, Kleinmanns K, Fosse V, Davidson B, Bjørge L, Haug BE, McCormack E. Comparison of Five Near-Infrared Fluorescent Folate Conjugates in an Ovarian Cancer Model. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:144-155. [PMID: 34888759 PMCID: PMC9971101 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fluorescence imaging (FLI) using targeted near-infrared (NIR) conjugates aids the detection of tumour lesions pre- and intraoperatively. The optimisation of tumour visualisation and contrast is essential and can be achieved through high tumour-specificity and low background signal. However, the choice of fluorophore is recognised to alter biodistribution and clearance of conjugates and is therefore a determining factor in the specificity of target binding. Although ZW800-1, IRDye® 800CW and ICG are the most commonly employed NIR fluorophores in clinical settings, the fluorophore with optimal in vivo characteristics has yet to be determined. Therefore, we aimed to characterise the impact the choice of fluorophore has on the biodistribution, specificity and contrast, by comparing five different NIR fluorophores conjugated to folate, in an ovarian cancer model. PROCEDURES ZW800-1, ZW800-1 Forte, IRDye® 800CW, ICG-OSu and an in-house synthesised Cy7 derivative were conjugated to folate through an ethylenediamine linker resulting in conjugates 1-5, respectively. The optical properties of all conjugates were determined by spectroscopy, the specificity was assessed in vitro by flow cytometry and FLI, and the biodistribution was studied in vivo and ex vivo in a subcutaneous Skov-3 ovarian cancer model. RESULTS We demonstrated time- and receptor-dependent binding of folate conjugates in vitro and in vivo. Healthy tissue clearance characteristics and tumour-specific signal varied between conjugates 1-5. ZW800-1 Forte (2) revealed the highest contrast in folate receptor alpha (FRα)-positive xenografts and showed statistically significant target specificity. While conjugates 1, 2 and 3 are renally cleared, hepatobiliary excretion and no or very low accumulation in tumours was observed for 4 and 5. CONCLUSIONS The choice of fluorophore has a significant impact on the biodistribution and tumour contrast. ZW800-1 Forte (2) exhibited the best properties of those tested, with significant specific fluorescence signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira García de Jalón
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Chemistry and Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katrin Kleinmanns
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vibeke Fosse
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Bjørge
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bengt Erik Haug
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway. .,Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway. .,Vivarium, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
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9
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Hernandez Vargas S, AghaAmiri S, Ghosh SC, Luciano MP, Borbon LC, Ear PH, Howe JR, Bailey-Lundberg JM, Simonek GD, Halperin DM, Tran Cao HS, Ikoma N, Schnermann MJ, Azhdarinia A. High-Contrast Detection of Somatostatin Receptor Subtype-2 for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4241-4253. [PMID: 36174110 PMCID: PMC9830638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dye design can influence the ability of fluorescently labeled imaging agents to generate tumor contrast and has become an area of significant interest in the field of fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS). Here, we show that the charge-balanced near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dye FNIR-Tag enhances the imaging properties of a fluorescently labeled somatostatin analogue. In vitro studies showed that the optimized fluorescent conjugate MMC(FNIR-Tag)-TOC bound primarily via somatostatin receptor subtype-2 (SSTR2), whereas its negatively charged counterpart with IRDye 800CW had higher off-target binding. NIRF imaging in cell line- and patient-derived xenograft models revealed markedly higher tumor contrast with MMC(FNIR-Tag)-TOC, which was attributed to increased tumor specificity. Ex vivo staining of surgical biospecimens from primary and metastatic tumors, as well as involved lymph nodes, demonstrated binding to human tumors. Finally, in an orthotopic tumor model, a simulated clinical workflow highlighted our unique ability to use standard preoperative nuclear imaging for selecting patients likely to benefit from SSTR2-targeted FGS. Our findings demonstrate the translational potential of MMC(FNIR-Tag)-TOC for intraoperative imaging and suggest broad utility for using FNIR-Tag in fluorescent probe development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Servando Hernandez Vargas
- The
Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical
School, The University of Texas Health Science
Center at Houston, Houston, Texas77054, United States
| | - Solmaz AghaAmiri
- The
Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical
School, The University of Texas Health Science
Center at Houston, Houston, Texas77054, United States
| | - Sukhen C. Ghosh
- The
Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical
School, The University of Texas Health Science
Center at Houston, Houston, Texas77054, United States
| | - Michael P. Luciano
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland21702, United States
| | - Luis C. Borbon
- Department
of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College
of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa52242, United States
| | - Po Hien Ear
- Department
of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College
of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa52242, United States
| | - James R. Howe
- Department
of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College
of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa52242, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Bailey-Lundberg
- Department
of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Gregory D. Simonek
- Center
for Laboratory Animal Medicine and Care, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Daniel M. Halperin
- Department
of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Hop S. Tran Cao
- Department
of Surgical Oncology, The University of
Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas77030, United
States
| | - Naruhiko Ikoma
- Department
of Surgical Oncology, The University of
Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas77030, United
States
| | - Martin J. Schnermann
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland21702, United States
| | - Ali Azhdarinia
- The
Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical
School, The University of Texas Health Science
Center at Houston, Houston, Texas77054, United States,
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10
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Boekestijn I, van Oosterom MN, Dell'Oglio P, van Velden FHP, Pool M, Maurer T, Rietbergen DDD, Buckle T, van Leeuwen FWB. The current status and future prospects for molecular imaging-guided precision surgery. Cancer Imaging 2022; 22:48. [PMID: 36068619 PMCID: PMC9446692 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-022-00482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging technologies are increasingly used to diagnose, monitor, and guide treatment of i.e., cancer. In this review, the current status and future prospects of the use of molecular imaging as an instrument to help realize precision surgery is addressed with focus on the main components that form the conceptual basis of intraoperative molecular imaging. Paramount for successful interventions is the relevance and accessibility of surgical targets. In addition, selection of the correct combination of imaging agents and modalities is critical to visualize both microscopic and bulk disease sites with high affinity and specificity. In this context developments within engineering/imaging physics continue to drive the growth of image-guided surgery. Particularly important herein is enhancement of sensitivity through improved contrast and spatial resolution, features that are critical if sites of cancer involvement are not to be overlooked during surgery. By facilitating the connection between surgical planning and surgical execution, digital surgery technologies such as computer-aided visualization nicely complement these technologies. The complexity of image guidance, combined with the plurality of technologies that are becoming available, also drives the need for evaluation mechanisms that can objectively score the impact that technologies exert on the performance of healthcare professionals and outcome improvement for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Boekestijn
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias N van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Dell'Oglio
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Floris H P van Velden
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology , Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Pool
- Department of Clinical Farmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias Maurer
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daphne D D Rietbergen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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11
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Usama SM, Marker SC, Hernandez Vargas S, AghaAmiri S, Ghosh SC, Ikoma N, Tran Cao HS, Schnermann MJ, Azhdarinia A. Targeted Dual-Modal PET/SPECT-NIR Imaging: From Building Blocks and Construction Strategies to Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1619. [PMID: 35406390 PMCID: PMC8996983 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is an emerging non-invasive method to qualitatively and quantitively visualize and characterize biological processes. Among the imaging modalities, PET/SPECT and near-infrared (NIR) imaging provide synergistic properties that result in deep tissue penetration and up to cell-level resolution. Dual-modal PET/SPECT-NIR agents are commonly combined with a targeting ligand (e.g., antibody or small molecule) to engage biomolecules overexpressed in cancer, thereby enabling selective multimodal visualization of primary and metastatic tumors. The use of such agents for (i) preoperative patient selection and surgical planning and (ii) intraoperative FGS could improve surgical workflow and patient outcomes. However, the development of targeted dual-modal agents is a chemical challenge and a topic of ongoing research. In this review, we define key design considerations of targeted dual-modal imaging from a topological perspective, list targeted dual-modal probes disclosed in the last decade, review recent progress in the field of NIR fluorescent probe development, and highlight future directions in this rapidly developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Usama
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.M.U.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Sierra C. Marker
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.M.U.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Servando Hernandez Vargas
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (S.H.V.); (S.A.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Solmaz AghaAmiri
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (S.H.V.); (S.A.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Sukhen C. Ghosh
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (S.H.V.); (S.A.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Naruhiko Ikoma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.I.); (H.S.T.C.)
| | - Hop S. Tran Cao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.I.); (H.S.T.C.)
| | - Martin J. Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (S.M.U.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Ali Azhdarinia
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (S.H.V.); (S.A.); (S.C.G.)
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12
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Dell'Oglio P, van Willigen DM, van Oosterom MN, Bauwens K, Hensbergen F, Welling MM, van der Stadt H, Bekers E, Pool M, van Leeuwen P, Maurer T, van Leeuwen FWB, Buckle T. Feasibility of fluorescence imaging at microdosing using a hybrid PSMA tracer during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in a large animal model. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:14. [PMID: 35254544 PMCID: PMC8901828 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the rise of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioguided surgery, which is performed using a microdosing regime, demand for visual target confirmation via fluorescence guidance is growing. While proven very effective for radiotracers, microdosing approaches the detection limit for fluorescence imaging. Thus, utility will be highly dependent on the tracer performance, the sensitivity of the fluorescence camera used, and the degree of background signal. Using a porcine model the ability to perform robot-assisted radical prostatectomy under fluorescence guidance using the bimodal or rather hybrid PSMA tracer (99mTc-EuK-(SO3)Cy5-mas3) was studied, while employing the tracer in a microdosing regime. This was followed by ex vivo evaluation in surgical specimens obtained from prostate cancer patients. Results T50% blood and T50% urine were reached at 85 min and 390 min, in, respectively, blood and urine. Surgical fluorescence imaging allowed visualization of the prostate gland based on the basal PSMA-expression in porcine prostate. Together, in vivo visualization of the prostate and urinary excretion suggests at least an interval of > 7 h between tracer administration and surgery. Confocal microscopy of excised tissues confirmed tracer uptake in kidney and prostate, which was confirmed with PSMA IHC. No fluorescence was detected in other excised tissues. Tumor identification based on ex vivo fluorescence imaging of human prostate cancer specimens correlated with PSMA IHC. Conclusion Intraoperative PSMA-mediated fluorescence imaging with a microdosing approach was shown to be feasible. Furthermore, EuK‐(SO3)Cy5‐mas3 allowed tumor identification in human prostate samples, underlining the translational potential of this novel tracer. Trial registration Approval for use of biological material for research purposes was provided by the Translational Research Board of the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital (NKI-AvL) under reference IRBm19-273 (22/10/2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Dell'Oglio
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Danny M van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias N van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fabian Hensbergen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mick M Welling
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elise Bekers
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Pool
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van Leeuwen
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Maurer
- Martini-Klinik, Universit¨Atsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Zhang L, Jia H, Liu X, Zou Y, Sun J, Liu M, Jia S, Liu N, Li Y, Wang Q. Heptamethine Cyanine–Based Application for Cancer Theranostics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:764654. [PMID: 35222006 PMCID: PMC8874131 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.764654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the most common life-threatening malignant disease. The future of personalized cancer treatments relies on the development of functional agents that have tumor-targeted anticancer activities and can be detected in tumors through imaging. Cyanines, especially heptamethine cyanine (Cy7), have prospective application because of their excellent tumor-targeting capacity, high quantum yield, low tissue autofluorescence, long absorption wavelength, and low background interference. In this review, the application of Cy7 and its derivatives in tumors is comprehensively explored. Cy7 is enormously acknowledged in the field of non-invasive therapy that can “detect” and “kill” tumor cells via near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, photothermal therapy (PTT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Furthermore, Cy7 is more available and has excellent properties in cancer theranostics by the presence of multifunctional nanoparticles via fulfilling multimodal imaging and combination therapy simultaneously. This review provides a comprehensive scope of Cy7’s application for cancer NIRF imaging, phototherapy, nanoprobe-based combination therapy in recent years. A deeper understanding of the application of imaging and treatment underlying Cy7 in cancer may provide new strategies for drug development based on cyanine. Thus, the review will lead the way to new types with optical properties and practical transformation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hang Jia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xuqian Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yaxin Zou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuangshuang Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Obstetrics Department, Kaifeng Maternity Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanzhang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Qun Wang, ; Yanzhang Li,
| | - Qun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Qun Wang, ; Yanzhang Li,
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14
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Buckle T, van Willigen DM, Welling MM, van Leeuwen FW. Pre-clinical development of fluorescent tracers and translation towards clinical application. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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15
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Gamage R, Li DH, Schreiber CL, Smith BD. Comparison of cRGDfK Peptide Probes with Appended Shielded Heptamethine Cyanine Dye ( s775z) for Near Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30130-30139. [PMID: 34778684 PMCID: PMC8582267 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that the sterically shielded near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent heptamethine cyanine dye, s775z, with a reactive carboxyl group produces fluorescent bioconjugates with an unsurpassed combination of high photostability and fluorescence brightness. This present contribution reports two new reactive homologues of s775z with either a maleimide group for reaction with a thiol or a strained alkyne group for reaction with an azide. Three cancer-targeting NIR fluorescent probes were synthesized, each with an appended cRGDfK peptide to provide selective affinity for integrin receptors that are overexpressed on the surface of many cancer cells including the A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells used in this study. A set of cancer cell microscopy and mouse tumor imaging experiments showed that all three probes were very effective at targeting cancer cells and tumors; however, the change in the linker structure produced a statistically significant difference in some aspects of the mouse biodistribution. The mouse studies included a mock surgical procedure that excised the subcutaneous tumors. A paired-agent fluorescence imaging experiment co-injected a binary mixture of targeted probe with 850 nm emission, an untargeted probe with 710 nm emission and determined the targeted probe's binding potential in the tumor tissue. A comparison of pixelated maps of binding potential for each excised tumor indicated a tumor-to-tumor variation of integrin expression levels, and a heterogeneous spatial distribution of integrin receptors within each tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rananjaya
S. Gamage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Dong-Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Cynthia L. Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
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16
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Buckle T, Hensbergen AW, van Willigen DM, Bosse F, Bauwens K, Pelger RCM, van Leeuwen FWB. Intraoperative visualization of nerves using a myelin protein-zero specific fluorescent tracer. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:50. [PMID: 34052912 PMCID: PMC8164657 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgically induced nerve damage is a common but debilitating side effect in oncological surgery. With the aim to use fluorescence guidance to enable nerve-sparing interventions in future surgery, a fluorescent tracer was developed that specifically targets myelin protein zero (P0). RESULTS Truncated homotypic P0 protein-based peptide sequences were C-terminally functionalized with the far-red cyanine dye Cy5. The lead compound Cy5-P0101-125 was selected after initial solubility, (photo)physical and in vitro evaluation (including P0-blocking experiments). Cy5-P0101-125 (KD = 105 ± 17 nM) allowed in vitro and ex vivo P0-related staining. Furthermore, Cy5-P0101-125 enabled in vivo fluorescence imaging of the Sciatic nerve in mice after local intravenous (i.v.) administration and showed compatibility with a clinical fluorescence laparoscope during evaluation in a porcine model undergoing robot-assisted surgery. Biodistribution data revealed that i.v. administered [111In]In-DTPA-P0101-125 does not enter the central nervous system (CNS). CONCLUSION P0101-125 has proven to be a potent nerve-specific agent that is able to target P0/myelin under in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo conditions without posing a threat for CNS-related toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Albertus W Hensbergen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Bosse
- Neurologische Klinik, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Rob C M Pelger
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- ORSI Academy, Melle, Belgium.
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17
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In Vitro and In Vivo Cell Uptake of a Cell-Penetrating Peptide Conjugated with Fluorescent Dyes Having Different Chemical Properties. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092245. [PMID: 34067065 PMCID: PMC8124942 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In fluorescence imaging employing a targeting strategy, fluorescent dyes conjugated with ligands may alter the pharmacokinetics of the conjugates. The aim of this study was to investigate whether in vitro and in vivo cell uptake are affected when fluorescent dyes with different chemical properties are conjugated with a ligand. The results show that attention should be paid to the chemical properties of fluorescent dyes in designing fluorescent imaging agents. Abstract In molecular imaging, a targeting strategy with ligands is widely used because specificity can be significantly improved. In fluorescence imaging based on a targeting strategy, the fluorescent dyes conjugated with ligands may affect the targeting efficiency depending on the chemical properties. Herein, we used a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) as a ligand with a variety of fluorescent cyanine dye. We investigated in vitro and in vivo cell uptake of the dye-CPP conjugates when cyanine dyes with differing charge and hydrophilicity/lipophilicity were used. The results showed that the conjugates with positively charged and lipophilic cyanine dyes accumulated in cancer cells in vitro, but there was almost no accumulation in tumors in vivo. On the other hand, the conjugates with negatively charged and hydrophilic cyanine dyes did not accumulate in cancer cells in vitro, but fluorescence was observed in tumors in vivo. These results show that there are some cases in which the cell uptake of the dye-peptide conjugates may differ significantly between in vitro and in vivo experiments due to the chemical properties of the fluorescent dyes. This suggests that attention should be paid to the chemical properties of fluorescent dyes in fluorescence imaging based on a targeting strategy.
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18
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Bou S, Klymchenko AS, Collot M. Fluorescent labeling of biocompatible block copolymers: synthetic strategies and applications in bioimaging. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2021; 2:3213-3233. [PMID: 34124681 PMCID: PMC8142673 DOI: 10.1039/d1ma00110h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Among biocompatible materials, block copolymers (BCPs) possess several advantages due to the control of their chemistry and the possibility of combining various blocks with defined properties. Consequently, BCPs drew considerable attention as biocompatible materials in the fields of drug delivery, medicine and bioimaging. Fluorescent labeling of BCPs quickly appeared to be a method of choice to image and track these materials in order to better understand the nature of their interactions with biological media. However, incorporating fluorescent markers (FM) into BCPs can appear tricky; we thus intend to help chemists in this endeavor by reviewing recent advances made in the last 10 years. With the choice of the FM being of prior importance, we first reviewed their photophysical properties and functionalities for optimal labeling and imaging. In the second part the different chemical approaches that have been used in the literature to fluorescently label BCPs have been reviewed. We also report and discuss relevant applications of fluorescent BCPs in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bou
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden France
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19
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Zhang X, Zhao M, Wen L, Wu M, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Zhong J, Shi H, Zeng J, Wang G, Gao M. Sequential SPECT and NIR-II imaging of tumor and sentinel lymph node metastasis for diagnosis and image-guided surgery. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3069-3075. [PMID: 33666633 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00088h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficacious cancer treatment largely relies on accurate imaging diagnosis and imaging-guided surgery, which can be achieved by combining different mode imaging probes on one single nanoplatform. Herein, a novel radiolabeled NIR-II nanoprobe (125I-MT NP) was developed to enable versatile single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence dual-modal imaging against breast cancer. 125I-MT was precipitated with an amphiphilic triblock copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO) to form 125I-MT NPs. The 125I-MT NPs exhibited high labeling efficiency (98 ± 2%) with a hydrodynamic diameter of 91.3 ± 5.5 nm. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that 125I-MT NPs emitted intensive NIR-II fluorescence and SPECT signals, and possessed good biocompatibility. By using a breast tumor xenograft mouse model after intravenous injection of 125I-MT NPs, the SPECT imaging and NIR-II imaging showed clear images of tumor tissues at 8 h and 48 h postinjection, respectively, suggesting the feasibility of using 125I-MT NPs to detect tumors before surgery and visualize the dissection area during surgery. In addition, the SPECT scan of a lymph node mapping was performed at 1 h postinjection and NIR-II fluorescence imaging was carried out at 4 h postinjection. This further guarantees the accurate imaging of lymph nodes before and during surgery for lymphadenectomy. Overall 125I-MT NP is a promising, practical imaging probe for sequential imaging and precision cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- Integrated Scientific Research Base on Comprehensive Utilization Technology for By-Products of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China. and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Meng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Ling Wen
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Medical Imaging, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Manran Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Experimental Center of Soochow University, Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhong
- Integrated Scientific Research Base on Comprehensive Utilization Technology for By-Products of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Haibin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Jianfeng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Guanglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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20
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Debie P, Declerck NB, van Willigen D, Huygen CM, De Sloovere B, Mateusiak L, Bridoux J, Puttemans J, Devoogdt N, van Leeuwen FWB, Hernot S. The Design and Preclinical Evaluation of a Single-Label Bimodal Nanobody Tracer for Image-Guided Surgery. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030360. [PMID: 33652977 PMCID: PMC7996797 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative guidance using targeted fluorescent tracers can potentially provide surgeons with real-time feedback on the presence of tumor tissue in resection margins. To overcome the limited depth penetration of fluorescent light, combining fluorescence with SPECT/CT imaging and/or gamma-ray tracing has been proposed. Here, we describe the design and preclinical validation of a novel bimodal nanobody-tracer, labeled using a “multifunctional single attachment point” (MSAP) label, integrating a Cy5 fluorophore and a diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) chelator into a single structure. After conjugation of the bimodal MSAP to primary amines of the anti-HER2 nanobody 2Rs15d and 111In-labeling of DTPA, the tracer’s characteristics were evaluated in vitro. Subsequently, its biodistribution and tumor targeting were assessed by SPECT/CT and fluorescence imaging over 24 h. Finally, the tracer’s ability to identify small, disseminated tumor lesions was investigated in mice bearing HER2-overexpressing SKOV3.IP1 peritoneal lesions. [111In]In-MSAP.2Rs15d retained its affinity following conjugation and remained stable for 24 h. In vivo SPECT/CT and fluorescence images showed specific uptake in HER2-overexpressing tumors with low background. High tumor-to-muscle ratios were obtained at 1h p.i. and remained 19-fold on SPECT/CT and 3-fold on fluorescence images over 24 h. In the intraperitoneally disseminated model, the tracer allowed detection of larger lesions via nuclear imaging, while fluorescence enabled accurate removal of submillimeter lesions. Bimodal nuclear/fluorescent nanobody-tracers can thus be conveniently designed by conjugation of a single-molecule MSAP-reagent carrying a fluorophore and chelator for radioactive labeling. Such tracers hold promise for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieterjan Debie
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Noemi B. Declerck
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Danny van Willigen
- Leiden University Medical Center, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University, 2311 Leiden, The Netherlands; (D.v.W.); (F.W.B.v.L.)
| | - Celine M. Huygen
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Bieke De Sloovere
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Lukasz Mateusiak
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Jessica Bridoux
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Janik Puttemans
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Leiden University Medical Center, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University, 2311 Leiden, The Netherlands; (D.v.W.); (F.W.B.v.L.)
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Laboratory for In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.D.); (N.B.D.); (C.M.H.); (B.D.S.); (L.M.); (J.B.); (J.P.); (N.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2477-4991
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21
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Rietbergen DD, VAN Oosterom MN, Kleinjan GH, Brouwer OR, Valdes-Olmos RA, VAN Leeuwen FW, Buckle T. Interventional nuclear medicine: a focus on radioguided intervention and surgery. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2021; 65:4-19. [PMID: 33494584 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.21.03286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Within interventional nuclear medicine (iNM) a prominent role is allocated for the sub-discipline of radioguided surgery. Unique for this discipline is the fact that an increasing number of clinical indications (e.g. lymphatic mapping, local tumor demarcation and/or tumor receptor targeted applications) have been adopted into routine care. The clinical integration is further strengthened by technical innovations in chemistry and engineering that enhance the translational potential of radioguided procedures in iNM. Together, these features not only ensure ongoing expansion of iNM but also warrant a lasting clinical impact for the sub-discipline of radioguided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne D Rietbergen
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias N VAN Oosterom
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Kleinjan
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar R Brouwer
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renato A Valdes-Olmos
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fijs W VAN Leeuwen
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands - .,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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22
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Hensbergen AW, de Kleer MA, Boutkan MS, van Willigen DM, van der Wijk FA, Welling MM, Wester HJ, Buckle T, van Leeuwen FW. Evaluation of asymmetric orthogonal cyanine fluorophores. DYES AND PIGMENTS 2020; 183:108712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
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23
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Yue X, Dai Z. Cyanine Conjugate-Based Biomedical Imaging Probes. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001327. [PMID: 33000915 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyanine is a class of fluorescent dye with meritorious fluorescence properties and has motivated numerous researchers to explore its imaging capabilities by miscellaneous structural modification and functionalization strategies. The covalent conjugation with other functional molecules represents a distinctive design strategy and has shown immense potential in both basic and clinical research. This review article summarizes recent achievements in cyanine conjugate-based probes for biomedical imaging. Particular attention is paid to the conjugation with targeting warheads and other contrast agents for targeted fluorescence imaging and multimodal imaging, respectively. Additionally, their clinical potential in cancer diagnostics is highlighted and some concurrent impediments for clinical translation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiuli Yue
- School of Environment Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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24
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Álamo P, Pallarès V, Céspedes MV, Falgàs A, Sanchez JM, Serna N, Sánchez-García L, Voltà-Duràn E, Morris GA, Sánchez-Chardi A, Casanova I, Mangues R, Vazquez E, Villaverde A, Unzueta U. Fluorescent Dye Labeling Changes the Biodistribution of Tumor-Targeted Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111004. [PMID: 33105866 PMCID: PMC7690626 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent dye labeling is a common strategy to analyze the fate of administered nanoparticles in living organisms. However, to which extent the labeling processes can alter the original nanoparticle biodistribution has been so far neglected. In this work, two widely used fluorescent dye molecules, namely, ATTO488 (ATTO) and Sulfo-Cy5 (S-Cy5), have been covalently attached to a well-characterized CXCR4-targeted self-assembling protein nanoparticle (known as T22-GFP-H6). The biodistribution of labeled T22-GFP-H6-ATTO and T22-GFP-H6-S-Cy5 nanoparticles has been then compared to that of the non-labeled nanoparticle in different CXCR4+ tumor mouse models. We observed that while parental T22-GFP-H6 nanoparticles accumulated mostly and specifically in CXCR4+ tumor cells, labeled T22-GFP-H6-ATTO and T22-GFP-H6-S-Cy5 nanoparticles showed a dramatic change in the biodistribution pattern, accumulating in non-target organs such as liver or kidney while reducing tumor targeting capacity. Therefore, the use of such labeling molecules should be avoided in target and non-target tissue uptake studies during the design and development of targeted nanoscale drug delivery systems, since their effect over the fate of the nanomaterial can lead to considerable miss-interpretations of the actual nanoparticle biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Álamo
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Pallarès
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Virtudes Céspedes
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
| | - Aïda Falgàs
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julieta M. Sanchez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ICTA & Cátedra de Química Biológica, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT) (CONICET—Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), FCEFyN, UNC. Av. Velez Sarsfield 1611, X 5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Naroa Serna
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-García
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eric Voltà-Duràn
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gordon A. Morris
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Science, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Chardi
- Servei de Microscòpia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isolda Casanova
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Mangues
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.); or (A.V.); (U.U.)
| | - Esther Vazquez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.); or (A.V.); (U.U.)
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.); or (A.V.); (U.U.)
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25
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Schreiber CL, Zhai C, Dempsey JM, McGarraugh HH, Matthews BP, Christmann CR, Smith B. Paired Agent Fluorescence Imaging of Cancer in a Living Mouse Using Preassembled Squaraine Molecular Probes with Emission Wavelengths of 690 and 830 nm. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:214-223. [PMID: 31756298 PMCID: PMC7768864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
New methods are described for the construction of targeted fluorescence probes for imaging cancer and the assessment of tumor targeting performance in a living mouse model. A novel noncovalent assembly process was used to fabricate a set of structurally related targeted fluorescent probes with modular differences in three critical assembly components: the emission wavelength of the squaraine fluorochrome, the number of cRGDfK peptide units that target the cancer cells, and the length of the polyethylene glycol chains as pharmacokinetic controllers. Selective targeting of cancer cells was proven by a series of cell microscopy experiments followed by in vivo imaging of subcutaneous tumors in living mice. The mouse imaging studies included a mock surgery that completely removed a fluorescently labeled tumor. Enhanced tumor accumulation due to probe targeting was first evaluated by conducting Single Agent Imaging (SAI) experiments that compared tumor imaging performance of a targeted probe and untargeted probe in separate mouse cohorts. Although there was imaging evidence for enhanced tumor accumulation of the targeted probe, there was moderate scatter in the data due to tumor-to-tumor variability of the vasculature structure and interstitial pressure. A subsequent Paired Agent Imaging (PAI) study coinjected a binary mixture of targeted probe (with emission at 690 nm) and untargeted probe (with emission at 830 nm) into the same tumor-burdened animal. The conclusion of the PAI experiment also indicated enhanced tumor accumulation of the targeted probe, but the statistical significance was much higher, even though the experiment required a much smaller cohort of mice. The imaging data from the PAI experiment was analyzed to determine the targeted probe's Binding Potential (BP) for available integrin receptors within the tumor tissue. In addition, pixelated maps of BP within each tumor indicated a heterogeneous spatial distribution of BP values. The results of this study show that the combination of fluorescent probe preassembly and PAI is a promising new way to rapidly develop targeted fluorescent probes for tumors with high BP and eventual use in clinical applications such as targeted therapy, image guided surgery, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L. Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Canjia Zhai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Janel M. Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Hannah H. McGarraugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Braden P. Matthews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Caroline R. Christmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Bradley Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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26
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Pfister J, Summer D, Petrik M, Khoylou M, Lichius A, Kaeopookum P, Kochinke L, Orasch T, Haas H, Decristoforo C. Hybrid Imaging of Aspergillus fumigatus Pulmonary Infection with Fluorescent, 68Ga-Labelled Siderophores. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E168. [PMID: 31979017 PMCID: PMC7072563 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is a human pathogen causing severe invasive fungal infections, lacking sensitive and selective diagnostic tools. A. fumigatus secretes the siderophore desferri-triacetylfusarinine C (TAFC) to acquire iron from the human host. TAFC can be labelled with gallium-68 to perform positron emission tomography (PET/CT) scans. Here, we aimed to chemically modify TAFC with fluorescent dyes to combine PET/CT with optical imaging for hybrid imaging applications. Starting from ferric diacetylfusarinine C ([Fe]DAFC), different fluorescent dyes were conjugated (Cy5, SulfoCy5, SulfoCy7, IRDye 800CW, ATTO700) and labelled with gallium-68 for in vitro and in vivo characterisation. Uptake assays, growth assays and live-cell imaging as well as biodistribution, PET/CT and ex vivo optical imaging in an infection model was performed. Novel fluorophore conjugates were recognized by the fungal TAFC transporter MirB and could be utilized as iron source. Fluorescence microscopy showed partial accumulation into hyphae. µPET/CT scans of an invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) rat model revealed diverse biodistribution patterns for each fluorophore. [68Ga]Ga-DAFC-Cy5/SufloCy7 and -IRDye 800CW lead to a visualization of the infected region of the lung. Optical imaging of ex vivo lungs corresponded to PET images with high contrast of infection versus non-infected areas. Although fluorophores had a decisive influence on targeting and pharmacokinetics, these siderophores have potential as a hybrid imaging compounds combining PET/CT with optical imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Pfister
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.P.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Dominik Summer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.P.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Milos Petrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 772-00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Marta Khoylou
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 772-00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Alexander Lichius
- Department of Microbiology, University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Piriya Kaeopookum
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.P.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Laurin Kochinke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.P.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Thomas Orasch
- Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.O.); (H.H.)
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.O.); (H.H.)
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.P.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (L.K.)
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27
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van Leeuwen FWB, Schottelius M, Brouwer OR, Vidal-Sicart S, Achilefu S, Klode J, Wester HJ, Buckle T. Trending: Radioactive and Fluorescent Bimodal/Hybrid Tracers as Multiplexing Solutions for Surgical Guidance. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:13-19. [PMID: 31712326 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.228684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
By contributing to noninvasive molecular imaging and radioguided surgery, nuclear medicine has been instrumental in the realization of precision medicine. During the last decade, it has also become apparent that nuclear medicine (e.g., in the form of bimodal/hybrid tracers) can help to empower fluorescence-guided surgery. More specifically, when using hybrid tracers, lesions can be noninvasively identified and localized with a high sensitivity and precision (guided by the radioisotope) and ultimately resected under real-time optical guidance (fluorescent dye). This topical review discusses early clinical successes, preclinical directions, and key aspects that could have an impact on the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands .,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Radiopharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oscar R Brouwer
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sergi Vidal-Sicart
- Diagnostic Imaging Institute, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Optical Radiology Lab, Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Joachim Klode
- Clinic for Dermatology, University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jurgen Wester
- Diagnostic Imaging Institute, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Singh N, Kumar P, Riaz U. Applications of near infrared and surface enhanced Raman scattering techniques in tumor imaging: A short review. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 222:117279. [PMID: 31234091 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Imaging technologies play a vital role in clinical oncology and have undergone massive growth over the past few decades. Research in the field of tumor imaging and biomedical diagnostics requires early detection of physiological alterations so as to provide curative treatment in real time. The objective of this review is to provide an insight about near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging techniques that can be used to expand their capabilities for the early detection and diagnosis of cancer cells. Basic setup, principle and working of the instruments has been provided and common NIRF imaging agents as well as SERS tags are also discussed besides the analytical advantages/disadvantages of these techniques. This review can help researchers working in the field of molecular imaging to design cost effective fluorophores and SERS tags to overcome the limitations of both NIRF as well as SERS imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetika Singh
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ufana Riaz
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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29
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Hensbergen AW, Buckle T, van Willigen DM, Schottelius M, Welling MM, van der Wijk FA, Maurer T, van der Poel HG, van der Pluijm G, van Weerden WM, Wester HJ, van Leeuwen FWB. Hybrid Tracers Based on Cyanine Backbones Targeting Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen: Tuning Pharmacokinetic Properties and Exploring Dye-Protein Interaction. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:234-241. [PMID: 31481575 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.233064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer surgery is currently being revolutionized by the use of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiotracers, for example, 99mTc-labeled PSMA tracer analogs for radioguided surgery. The purpose of this study was to develop a second-generation 99mTc-labeled PSMA-targeted tracer incorporating a fluorescent dye. Methods: Several PSMA-targeted hybrid tracers were synthesized: glutamic acid-urea-lysine (EuK)-Cy5-mas3, EuK-(SO3)Cy5-mas3, EuK-Cy5(SO3)-mas3, EuK-(Ar)Cy5-mas3, and EuK-Cy5(Ar)-mas3; the Cy5 dye acts as a functional backbone between the EuK targeting vector and the 2-mercaptoacetyl-seryl-seryl-seryl (mas3) chelate to study the dye's interaction with PSMA's amphipathic entrance funnel. The compounds were evaluated for their photophysical and chemical properties and PSMA affinity. After radiolabeling with 99mTc, we performed in vivo SPECT imaging, biodistribution, and fluorescence imaging on BALB/c nude mice with orthotopically transplanted PC346C tumors. Results: The dye composition influenced the photophysical properties (brightness range 0.3-1.5 × 104 M-1 × cm-1), plasma protein interactions (range 85.0% ± 2.3%-90.7% ± 1.3% bound to serum, range 76% ± 0%-89% ± 6% stability in serum), PSMA affinity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] range 19.2 ± 5.8-175.3 ± 61.1 nM) and in vivo characteristics (tumor-to-prostate and tumor-to-muscle ratios range 0.02 ± 0.00-154.73 ± 28.48 and 0.46 ± 0.28-5,157.50 ± 949.17, respectively; renal, splenic, and salivary retention). Even though all tracer analogs allowed tumor identification with SPECT and fluorescence imaging, 99mTc-EuK-(SO3)Cy5-mas3 had the most promising properties (e.g., half-maximal inhibitory concentration, 19.2 ± 5.8, tumor-to-muscle ratio, 5,157.50 ± 949.17). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the intrinsic integration of a fluorophore in the pharmacophore in PSMA-targeted small-molecule tracers. In this design, having 1 sulfonate on the indole moiety adjacent to EuK (99mTc-EuK-(SO3)Cy5-mas3) yielded the most promising tracer candidate for imaging of PSMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus W Hensbergen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Mick M Welling
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Felicia A van der Wijk
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Maurer
- Martini-Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henk G van der Poel
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gabri van der Pluijm
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Wytske M van Weerden
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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30
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Hensbergen A, van Willigen DM, Welling MM, van der Wijk FA, de Korne CM, van Oosterom MN, Schottelius M, Wester HJ, Buckle T, van Leeuwen FWB. Click Chemistry in the Design and Production of Hybrid Tracers. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12438-12448. [PMID: 31460363 PMCID: PMC6682143 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid tracers containing both fluorescent and radioactive imaging labels have demonstrated clinical potential during sentinel lymph node procedures. To combine these two labels on a single targeting vector that allows tumor-targeted imaging, end-labeling strategies are often applied. For αvβ3-integrin-targeting hybrid tracers, providing an excellent model for evaluating tracer development strategies, end-labeling-based synthesis provides a rather cumbersome synthesis strategy. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the use of heterobifunctional cyanine dyes in a click-chemistry-based synthesis strategy for RGD-based hybrid tracers. The triazole-based hybrid tracers DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] were obtained in fewer steps than DTPA-Lys(Cy5(SO 3 )methyl)-Cys-c[RGDyK] and had partition coefficients of log P (o/w) = -2.55 ± 0.10, -1.45 ± 0.03, and -2.67 ± 0.12, respectively. Both tracers were chemically stable, and the brightnesses of DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] were, respectively, 23 × 103 and 40 × 103 M-1 cm-1; lower than that of the reference tracer DTPA-Lys(Cy5(SO 3 )methyl)-Cys-c[RGDyK] (50 × 103 M-1 cm-1). Assessment of serum protein binding revealed no statistically significant difference (44 ± 2 and 40 ± 2% bound for DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK], respectively; 36 ± 5% bound for DTPA-Lys(Cy5(SO 3 )methyl)-Cys-c[RGDyK]; p > 0.05). DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] (K D = 17.5 ± 6.0) had a statistically significantly higher affinity than the reference compound DTPA-Lys(Cy5(SO 3 )methyl)-Cys-c[RGDyK] (K D = 30.3 ± 5.7; p < 0.0001), but DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] had a statistically significantly lower affinity (K D = 76.5 ± 18.3 nM; p < 0.0001). Both [ 111 In]DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and [ 111 In]DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] enabled in vivo visualization of the 4T1 tumor via fluorescence and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Biodistribution data (% ID/g) revealed a significant increase in nonspecific uptake in the kidney, liver, and muscle for both [ 111 In]DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and [ 111 In]DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK]. As a result of the higher background activity, the tumor-to-background ratio of the click-labeled RGD analogues was twofold lower compared to the end-labeled reference compound. The use of click chemistry labeling did not yield a pronounced negative effect on serum protein binding, in vitro stability, and receptor affinity; and tumors could still be visualized using SPECT and fluorescence imaging. However, quantitative in vivo biodistribution data suggest that the triazole and strained cyclooctyne moieties associated with this type of click chemistry negatively influence the pharmacokinetics of RGD peptides. Nevertheless, the design might still hold promise for other targets/targeting moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus
W. Hensbergen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M. van Willigen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Mick M. Welling
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Felicia A. van der Wijk
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Clarize M. de Korne
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias N. van Oosterom
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Pharmaceutical
Radiochemistry, Technische Universität
München, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Pharmaceutical
Radiochemistry, Technische Universität
München, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
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31
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Hernandez Vargas S, Ghosh SC, Azhdarinia A. New Developments in Dual-Labeled Molecular Imaging Agents. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:459-465. [PMID: 30733318 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.213488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative detection of tumors has had a profound impact on how cancer surgery is performed and addresses critical unmet needs in surgical oncology. Tumor deposits, margins, and residual cancer can be imaged through the use of fluorescent contrast agents during surgical procedures to complement visual and tactile guidance. The combination of fluorescent and nuclear contrast into a multimodality agent builds on these capabilities by adding quantitative, noninvasive nuclear imaging capabilities to intraoperative imaging. This review focuses on new strategies for the development and evaluation of targeted dual-labeled molecular imaging agents while highlighting the successful first-in-human application of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Servando Hernandez Vargas
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sukhen C Ghosh
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ali Azhdarinia
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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32
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Schottelius M, Wurzer A, Wissmiller K, Beck R, Koch M, Gorpas D, Notni J, Buckle T, van Oosterom MN, Steiger K, Ntziachristos V, Schwaiger M, van Leeuwen FWB, Wester HJ. Synthesis and Preclinical Characterization of the PSMA-Targeted Hybrid Tracer PSMA-I&F for Nuclear and Fluorescence Imaging of Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:71-78. [PMID: 30237214 PMCID: PMC6354225 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.212720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–targeted radiotracers 68Ga/177Lu-PSMA-I&T and 99mTc-PSMA-I&S (for imaging and surgery) are currently successfully used for clinical PET imaging, radionuclide therapy, and radioguided surgery of metastatic prostate cancer. To additionally exploit the high sensitivity and spatial resolution of fluorescence imaging for improved surgical guidance, a PSMA-I&T–based hybrid tracer, PSMA-I&F (DOTAGA-k(Sulfo-Cy5)-y-nal-k-Sub-KuE), has been developed and evaluated. Methods: The in vitro PSMA-targeting efficiency of PSMA-I&F, the reference PSMA-I&T, and their corresponding natGa-/68Ga- and natLu/177Lu counterparts was determined in LNCaP cells via competitive binding assays (IC50) and dual-tracer radioligand and fluorescence internalization studies. Biodistribution and small-animal PET imaging studies were performed in CB17 SCID and LNCaP xenograft–bearing SHO mice, respectively, and complemented by intraoperative far-red fluorescence imaging using a clinical laparoscope. Additionally, fully automated serial cryosectioning and fluorescence imaging of 1 tumor-bearing animal as well as PSMA immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy of organ cryosections (tumor, kidney, spleen) were also performed. Results: Compared with the parent PSMA-I&T analogs, the PSMA affinities of PSMA-I&F and its natGa-/natLu-complexes remained high and unaffected by dye conjugation (7.9 < IC50 < 10.5 nM for all ligands). The same was observed for the internalization of 68Ga- and 177Lu-PSMA-I&F. In vivo, blood clearance of 68Ga- and 177Lu-PSMA-I&F was only slightly delayed by high plasma protein binding (94%–95%), and very low accumulation in nontarget organs was observed already at 1 h after injection. Dynamic PET imaging confirmed PSMA-specific (as demonstrated by coinjection of 2-PMPA) uptake into the LNCaP xenograft (4.5% ± 1.8 percentage injected dose per gram) and the kidneys (106% ± 23 percentage injected dose per gram). Tumor-to-background ratios of 2.1, 5.2, 9.6, and 9.6 for blood, liver, intestines, and muscle, respectively, at 1 h after injection led to excellent imaging contrast in 68Ga-PSMA-I&F PET and in intraoperative fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging of tissue cryosections allowed high-resolution visualization of intraorgan PSMA-I&F distribution in vivo and its correlation with PSMA expression as determined by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: Thus, with its high PSMA-targeting efficiency and favorable pharmacokinetic profile, 68Ga/177Lu-PSMA-I&F serves as an excellent proof-of-concept compound for the general feasibility of PSMA-I&T–based hybrid imaging. The PSMA-I&T scaffold represents a versatile PSMA-targeted lead structure, allowing relatively straightforward adaptation to the different structural requirements of dedicated nuclear or hybrid imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margret Schottelius
- Chair for Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Wurzer
- Chair for Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Katharina Wissmiller
- Chair for Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Roswitha Beck
- Chair for Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Maximilian Koch
- Chair for Biological Imaging (CBI), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany, and Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Centre Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Gorpas
- Chair for Biological Imaging (CBI), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany, and Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Centre Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Notni
- Chair for Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias N van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute for Pathology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair for Biological Imaging (CBI), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany, and Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Centre Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Chair for Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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33
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Meershoek P, KleinJan GH, van Oosterom MN, Wit EMK, van Willigen DM, Bauwens KP, van Gennep EJ, Mottrie AM, van der Poel HG, van Leeuwen FWB. Multispectral-Fluorescence Imaging as a Tool to Separate Healthy from Disease-Related Lymphatic Anatomy During Robot-Assisted Laparoscopy. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1757-1760. [PMID: 29777008 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.211888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce the invasive nature of extended pelvic lymph node (LN) dissections in prostate cancer, we have developed a multispectral-fluorescence guidance approach that enables discrimination between prostate-draining LNs and lower-limb-draining LNs. Methods: In 5 pigs, multispectral-fluorescence guidance was used on da Vinci Si and da Vinci Xi robots. The animals received fluorescein into the lower limb and indocyanine green-nanocolloid into the prostate. Results: Fluorescein was detected in 29 LNs (average of 3.6 LNs/template), and indocyanine green-nanocolloid was detected in 12 LNs (average of 1.2 LNs/template). Signal intensities appeared equal for both dyes, and no visual overlap in lymphatic drainage patterns was observed. Furthermore, fluorescein supported both the identification of leakage from damaged lymphatic structures and the identification of ureters. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the differences in lymphatic flow pattern between the prostate and lower limbs could be intraoperatively distinguished using multispectral-fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Meershoek
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H KleinJan
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias N van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther M K Wit
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik J van Gennep
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Alexandre M Mottrie
- Orsi Academy, Melle, Belgium.,Department of Urology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Hospital, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Henk G van der Poel
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands .,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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