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Delisle ZJ, Reeling CJ, Caudell JN, McCallen EB, Swihart RK. Targeted recreational hunting can reduce animal-vehicle collisions and generate substantial revenue for wildlife management agencies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173460. [PMID: 38788939 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Reduction of conflicts arising from human-wildlife interactions is necessary for coexistence. Collisions between animals and automobiles cost the world's economy billions of dollars, and wildlife management agencies often are responsible for reducing wildlife-vehicle collisions. But wildlife agencies have few proven options for reducing wildlife-vehicle collisions that are effective and financially feasible at large spatiotemporal scales germane to management. Recreational hunting by humans is a primary population management tool available for use with abundant wild ungulates that often collide with automobiles. Therefore, we tested how well policies designed to increase human hunting of deer (longer hunting seasons and increased harvest limits) reduced collisions between white-tailed deer and automobiles along 618 km of high-risk roadways in Indiana, USA. We used a 20-y dataset that compiled >300,000 deer-vehicle collisions. Targeted recreational hunting decreased deer-vehicle collisions by 21.12 % and saved society up to $653,756 (95 % CIs = $286,063-$1,154,118) in economic damages from 2018 to 2022. Potential savings was up to $1,265,694 (95 % CIs = $579,108-$2,402,813) during the same 5-y span if relaxed hunting regulations occurred along all high-risk roadways. Moreover, license sales from targeted hunting generated $206,268 in revenue for wildlife management. Targeted hunting is likely effective in other systems where ungulate-vehicle collisions are prevalent, as behavioral changes in response to human hunting has been documented in many ungulate species across several continents. Our methods are attractive for management agencies with limited funds, as relaxed hunting regulations are relatively inexpensive to implement and may generate substantial additional revenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackary J Delisle
- Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Carson J Reeling
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Joe N Caudell
- Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Emily B McCallen
- Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Robert K Swihart
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Gunson KE, Clevenger AP, Ford AT. A comparison of elk‐vehicle collision patterns with demographic and abundance data in the
Central Canadian Rocky Mountains. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ahmed R, Saikia A. Pandora’s Box: A spatiotemporal assessment of elephant-train casualties in Assam, India. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271416. [PMID: 35830377 PMCID: PMC9278769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Railways are an indispensable component of sustainable transportation systems, but also exact a toll on wildlife. Wild Asian elephants are often killed by trains in Assam, India, where we assess temporal variations in the occurrences of elephant-train collisions (ETCs) and casualties during 1990–2018. This study also assesses spatially varying relationships between elephant-train collision (ETC) rates and elephant and train densities in the adjoining 10 km2 grid cells of 11 prioritized railroad segments using ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. The temporal analysis indicated that ETCs spiked at certain hours and months. The adult and calf elephant casualties on the railroads were found to be two to fivefold high during the post monsoon season compared to other seasons. During the operation period of meter gauge railroads (1990–1997), the proportions of ETCs and casualties were only 15.6% and 8.7% respectively. However, these increased substantially to 84.4% and 91.3% respectively during the operation of broad gauge railroads (1998–2018). The OLS model indicated that both elephant and train densities explained 37% of the variance of ETC rate, while GWR model showed 83% of the variance of ETC rate. The local coefficient values of GWR indicated that both the predictor variables interplayed significantly and positively to determine ETC rates in the Mariani-Nakachari and Khatkhati-Dimapur railroad segments. However, the relationship between ETC rate and elephant density is significantly negative in the Habaipur-Diphu railroad, implying that the elephant population along this railroad stretch is significantly affected by railways through large scale ETCs. Hence, there is an urgent need to address long-term mitigation strategies so that elephants can be conserved by providing safe passages and survival resources along railway lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekib Ahmed
- Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Anup Saikia
- Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The recent and ever-growing problem of boar (Sus scrofa forms including wild boar, hybrid and feral pig) expansion is a very complex issue in wildlife management. The damages caused to biodiversity and the economies are addressed in different ways by the various countries, but research is needed to shed light on the causal factors of this emergency before defining a useful collaborative management policy. In this review, we screened more than 280 references published between 1975–2022, identifying and dealing with five hot factors (climate change, human induced habitat modifications, predator regulation on the prey, hybridization with domestic forms, and transfaunation) that could account for the boar expansion and its niche invasion. We also discuss some issues arising from this boar emergency, such as epizootic and zoonotic diseases or the depression of biodiversity. Finally, we provide new insights for the research and the development of management policies.
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Barton O, Gresham A, Healey JR, Cordes LS, Shannon G. The effects of population management on wild ungulates: A systematic map of evidence for UK species. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267385. [PMID: 35687554 PMCID: PMC9187068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over recent decades, the abundance and geographic ranges of wild ungulate species have expanded in many parts of Europe, including the UK. Populations are managed to mitigate their ecological impacts using interventions, such as shooting, fencing and administering contraception. Predicting how target species will respond to interventions is critical for developing sustainable, effective and efficient management strategies. However, the quantity and quality of evidence of the effects of interventions on ungulate species is unclear. To address this, we systematically mapped research on the effects of population management on wild ungulate species resident in the UK. Methods We searched four bibliographic databases, Google Scholar and nine organisational websites using search terms tested with a library of 30 relevant articles. Worldwide published peer-reviewed articles were considered, supplemented by ‘grey’ literature from UK-based sources. Three reviewers identified and screened articles for eligibility at title, abstract and full-text levels, based on predefined criteria. Data and metadata were extracted and summarised in a narrative synthesis supported by structured graphical matrices. Results A total of 123 articles were included in the systematic map. Lethal interventions were better represented (85%, n = 105) than non-lethal interventions (25%, n = 25). Outcomes related to demography and behaviour were reported in 95% of articles (n = 117), whereas effects on health, physiology and morphology were studied in only 11% of articles (n = 14). Well-studied species included wild pigs (n = 58), red deer (n = 28) and roe deer (n = 23). Conclusions Evidence for the effects of population management on wild ungulate species is growing but currently limited and unevenly distributed across intervention types, outcomes and species. Priorities for primary research include: species responses to non-lethal interventions, the side-effects of shooting and studies on sika deer and Chinese muntjac. Shooting is the only intervention for which sufficient evidence exists for systematic review or meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owain Barton
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Amy Gresham
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Healey
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
| | - Line S. Cordes
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Shannon
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
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Mayer M, Coleman Nielsen J, Elmeros M, Sunde P. Understanding spatio-temporal patterns of deer-vehicle collisions to improve roadkill mitigation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113148. [PMID: 34186315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vehicles collide with hundreds of thousands of deer on European roads each year. This leads to animal deaths and suffering, economic damage and risks for human safety, making the reduction of road mortality a major field in conservation biology. In order to successfully reduce roadkill, we need improved knowledge regarding spatio-temporal patterns of deer-vehicle collisions (DVCs) on a landscape scale. Here, we analyzed >85,000 DVCs collected over 17 years in Denmark to investigate changes in the number of DVCs over time and to find spatio-temporal patterns of DVC occurrence. We used a use-availability design - originally developed for habitat selection analyses - to compare DVCs involving roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) with random road locations on a landscape scale. This approach enabled us to combine temporal (seasonal and diel variation), spatial (land cover, road density and type) and other relevant variables (deer population density, traffic, and deer activity) within the same analysis. We found that factors related to infrastructure and land cover were most important in explaining patterns of DVCs, but seasonal and diel changes, deer activity, and population density were also important in predicting the occurrence of DVCs. Importantly, patterns of DVCs were largely similar between the three deer species, with more DVCs occurring at intermediate traffic density, increasing forest cover, during dusk and dawn, and with increasing deer activity and population density. The strong and consistent patterns found here will allow the development of flexible mitigation measures. We propose that our findings could be used to develop a spatio-temporally flexible warning system for smartphones and navigation systems that is based on existing map providers, making it a widely available and cheap mitigation measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mayer
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | - Morten Elmeros
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Sunde
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Jenkins DG, Ohyama L, López‐Borghesi F, Hart JD, Bogotá‐Gregory JD, Rautsaw RM, Roldán VC, Guilfoyle K, Jarvis A, Loch J, Mercier K, Myers O, Shaw R, Volk D, Bard AM. Biogeography and predictors of wildlife killed on roads at peninsular Florida State Parks. Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David G. Jenkins
- Department of Biology University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - Leo Ohyama
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | | | - Jacob D. Hart
- Department of Biology University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | | | - Rhett M. Rautsaw
- Department of Biological Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA
| | - Vanessa Correa Roldán
- Department of Biology University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
- Department of Ichthyology Museum of Natural History Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima Perú
| | - Kevin Guilfoyle
- Department of Biology University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - Anik Jarvis
- Department of Biology University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - Jennifer Loch
- Department of Biology University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - Kathryn Mercier
- Department of Biology City College of New York New York NY USA
- PhD Program in Biology The Graduate Center of the City University of New York New York NY USA
| | | | - Rachel Shaw
- Department of Biology University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | | | - Alice M. Bard
- Florida Department of Environmental Protection Florida Park Service Apopka FL USA
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9
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Wolves make roadways safer, generating large economic returns to predator conservation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023251118. [PMID: 34031245 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023251118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies uncover cascading ecological effects resulting from removing and reintroducing predators into a landscape, but little is known about effects on human lives and property. We quantify the effects of restoring wolf populations by evaluating their influence on deer-vehicle collisions (DVCs) in Wisconsin. We show that, for the average county, wolf entry reduced DVCs by 24%, yielding an economic benefit that is 63 times greater than the costs of verified wolf predation on livestock. Most of the reduction is due to a behavioral response of deer to wolves rather than through a deer population decline from wolf predation. This finding supports ecological research emphasizing the role of predators in creating a "landscape of fear." It suggests wolves control economic damages from overabundant deer in ways that human deer hunters cannot.
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Temporal patterns of roe deer traffic accidents: Effects of season, daytime and lunar phase. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249082. [PMID: 33784325 PMCID: PMC8009364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife-related accidents, especially deer-vehicle accidents, pose a serious problem for road safety and animal protection in many countries. Knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns of deer-vehicle accidents is inevitable for accident analysis and mitigation efforts with temporal deer-vehicle accident data being much more difficult to obtain in sufficient data quality. We described the temporal patterns of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) roadkills occurring in the period 2002–2006 in southeastern Austria. Using a comprehensive dataset, consisting of 11.771 data points, we examined the influence of different time units (i.e. season, month, day of week, day of year), illumination categories (coarse and fine temporal resolution) and lunar phases on deer-vehicle accidents by performing linear and generalized additive models. Thereby, we identified peak accident periods within the analyzed time units. Highest frequencies of deer-vehicle accidents occurred in November, May and October, on Fridays, and during nights. Relationships between lunar phases and roe deer-vehicle accidents were analysed, providing evidence for high frequencies of deer-vehicle accidents during full moon phases. We suggest that deer-vehicle accidents are dependent both on human activity in traffic and wildlife activity, which is in turn affected by phenology, intra- and interspecific competition, climatic and astronomical events. Our results highlight, that short-term mitigation measures (e.g. traffic controls and speed limits) can be highly effective to reduce deer-vehicle accidents, but should be flexibly adapted to specific temporal periods.
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Abstract
The number of road traffic accidents decreased in Lithuania from 2002 to 2017, while the ungulate–vehicle collision (UVC) number increased and accounted for approximately 69% of all wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVC) in the country. Understanding the relationship between UVCs, traffic intensity, and implemented mitigation measures is important for the assessment of UVC mitigation measure efficiency. We assessed the effect of annual average daily traffic (AADT) and wildlife fencing on UVCs using regression analysis of changes in annual UVCs and UVC hotspots on different categories of roads. At the highest rates, annual UVC numbers and UVC hotspots increased on lower category (national and regional) roads, forming a denser network. Lower rates of UVC increase occurred on higher category (main) roads, forming sparser road networks and characterized by the highest AADT. Before 2011, both UVC occurrence and fenced road sections were most common on higher-category roads. However, as of 2011, the majority of UVCs occurred on lower-category roads where AADT and fencing had no impact on UVCs. We conclude that wildlife fencing on roads characterized by higher speed and traffic intensity may decrease UVC numbers and at the same time shifting UVC occurrence towards roads characterized by lower speed and traffic intensity. Wildlife fencing re-allocates wildlife movement pathways toward roads with insufficient or no mitigation measures.
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Lee TS, Creech TG, Martinson A, Nielsen SE, Jakes AF, Jones PF, Sanderson K, Ford AT. Prioritizing human safety and multispecies connectivity across a regional road network. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy S. Lee
- Miistakis Institute, Mount Royal University Calgary Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ken Sanderson
- Miistakis Institute, Mount Royal University Calgary Canada
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Bíl M, Kušta T, Andrášik R, Cícha V, Brodská H, Ježek M, Keken Z. No clear effect of odour repellents on roe deer behaviour in the vicinity of roads. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bíl
- M. Bíl ✉ , R. Andrášik and V. Cícha, CDV – Transport Research Centre, Líšeňská 33a, Cz-636 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kušta
- T. Kušta, H. Brodská and M. Ježek, Czech Univ. of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Andrášik
- M. Bíl ✉ , R. Andrášik and V. Cícha, CDV – Transport Research Centre, Líšeňská 33a, Cz-636 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Cícha
- M. Bíl ✉ , R. Andrášik and V. Cícha, CDV – Transport Research Centre, Líšeňská 33a, Cz-636 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Brodská
- T. Kušta, H. Brodská and M. Ježek, Czech Univ. of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Ježek
- T. Kušta, H. Brodská and M. Ježek, Czech Univ. of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Keken
- Z. Keken, Czech Univ. of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kučas A, Balčiauskas L. Temporal patterns of ungulate-vehicle collisions in Lithuania. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 273:111172. [PMID: 32768765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife mortality caused by vehicles is a serious conservation and economic problem as collisions with large mammals are global, pervasive and increasing. We analysed 14,989 reports of ungulate-vehicle collisions (UVC) that occurred in Lithuania from 2002 to 2017. We analysed UVC data for four major ungulate species (roe deer, red deer, moose and wild boar) and checked for potential seasonal or daily trends. The temporal distribution of collisions was species-dependent. UVC analysis showed strong monthly and hourly pattern. Most occurrences took place before or during sunrise (dawn) and after or during sunset (dusk) during the year. In spring, the highest UVC peaks occurred early in the morning and late in the evening, while in winter these peaks occurred in late mornings and early evenings. With most UVC occurring on Fridays, daily variations were weak. We conclude that temporal variations of UVC distributions are result of a complex interaction of phenological factors and animal behaviour. The information provided in this study reinforces the knowledge on the dynamics and patterns of UVC and represents an important element for the identification of mitigation measures. Our findings suggest that efforts to reduce UVC should also focus on driver attitudes considering the seasonal and daily variations in UVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrius Kučas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Linas Balčiauskas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Strength of correlation between wildlife collision data and hunting bags varies among ungulate species and with management scale. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-020-01421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMost European ungulate species are increasing in numbers and expanding their range. For the management and monitoring of these species, 64% of European countries rely on indirect proxies of abundance (e.g., hunting bag statistics). With increasing ungulate numbers, data on ungulate-vehicle collisions (UVC) may provide an important and inexpensive, complementary data source. Currently, it is unclear how bag statistics compare with UVC. A direct comparison of these two indices is important because both are used in ungulate management. We evaluated the relationship between UVC and ungulate hunting bags across bioclimatic, regional, and local scales, using five time lags (t−3 to t+1) for the five most common wild ungulate species in Sweden. For all species, hunting bags and UVC correlated positively, but correlation strength and time lags varied across scales and among species. The two indices correlated most strongly at the local management scale. Correlation between both indices was strong for the smaller deer species and wild boar, in particular, but much weaker for moose where we found the best fit using a 2-year time lag. For the other species, indices from the same year correlated best. We argue that the reason for moose data behaving differently is that, in Sweden, moose are formally managed using a 3-year time plan, while the other species are not. Accordingly, moose hunting bags are influenced more strongly by density-independent processes than bags of the other species. Consequently, the mismatch between the two indices may generate conflicting conclusions for management depending on the method applied.
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Carpio AJ, Apollonio M, Acevedo P. Wild ungulate overabundance in Europe: contexts, causes, monitoring and management recommendations. Mamm Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Carpio
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM‐CSIC‐JCCM) Ronda Toledo 12 Ciudad Real13071 Spain
- Department of Zoology University of Cordoba Campus of Rabanales Córdoba14071 Spain
| | - Marco Apollonio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassari Via Vienna 2 Sassari07100 Italy
| | - Pelayo Acevedo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM‐CSIC‐JCCM) Ronda Toledo 12 Ciudad Real13071 Spain
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Valente AM, Acevedo P, Figueiredo AM, Fonseca C, Torres RT. Overabundant wild ungulate populations in Europe: management with consideration of socio‐ecological consequences. Mamm Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Valente
- Departamento de Biologia e CESAM Universidade de Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (UCLM‐CSIC‐JCCM) Ronda de Toledo 12 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Pelayo Acevedo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (UCLM‐CSIC‐JCCM) Ronda de Toledo 12 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Ana M. Figueiredo
- Departamento de Biologia e CESAM Universidade de Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Carlos Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia e CESAM Universidade de Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Rita T. Torres
- Departamento de Biologia e CESAM Universidade de Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
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von Hirschheydt G, Kindvall O, de Jong J. Testing bat abundance and diversity predictions by PREBAT, a connectivity-based habitat suitability model for insectivorous bats. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-020-1368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhere large landscape modifications are planned, e.g. for infrastructure or exploitation, ecological impact assessments are required because of their potential effects on environment and species. Methods that make such assessments more standardized, efficient, and reliable are highly desirable. This paper proposes a new connectivity-based habitat model for bats (PREBAT), which could be used as a tool for impact assessments. Using data that was specifically collected for this purpose, the performance of PREBAT is critically analyzed and discussed. For this study, 50 sites within an area of 850 km2 in eastern Sweden were inventoried for four nights each using automatic ultrasound recorders to get an empiric measure of bat occurrence that could be compared with PREBAT predictions. The correlation between the predicted values from PREBAT and the observed bat activity (number of recordings) or species richness was tested using generalized linear mixed models. Predicted values of PREBAT are significantly correlated to the number of species that regularly (more than one night) occur at a given site, but not to the total number of species. PREBAT performed also much better at predicting the activity of forest-living species than overall bat activity, which makes PREBAT particularly suitable for predicting conflicts for those species. This study proposes a new habitat model for bats that takes spatial connectivity between habitat patches into account. PREBAT is shown to perform satisfyingly and has the potential to become a useful tool in assessing the ecological impact of large-scale landscape modifications.
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Comparison of environmental, biological and anthropogenic causes of wildlife–vehicle collisions among three large herbivore species. POPUL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abd Rabou AFN. How Is the COVID-19 Outbreak Affecting Wildlife around the World? OPEN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2020; 10:497-517. [DOI: 10.4236/oje.2020.108032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Jasińska KD, Żmihorski M, Krauze‐Gryz D, Kotowska D, Werka J, Piotrowska D, Pärt T. Linking habitat composition, local population densities and traffic characteristics to spatial patterns of ungulate‐train collisions. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina D. Jasińska
- Department of Forest Zoology and Wildlife Management Faculty of Forestry Warsaw University of Life Sciences Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał Żmihorski
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Bialowieza Poland
| | - Dagny Krauze‐Gryz
- Department of Forest Zoology and Wildlife Management Faculty of Forestry Warsaw University of Life Sciences Warsaw Poland
| | - Dorota Kotowska
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
| | - Joanna Werka
- Department of Forest Zoology and Wildlife Management Faculty of Forestry Warsaw University of Life Sciences Warsaw Poland
| | - Diana Piotrowska
- Polish Hunting Association Warsaw Poland
- Forest Research Institute Raszyn Poland
| | - Tomas Pärt
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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Benten A, Balkenhol N, Vor T, Ammer C. Wildlife warning reflectors do not alter the behavior of ungulates to reduce the risk of wildlife-vehicle collisions. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-019-1312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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How Roads Affect the Spatial Use of the Guanaco in a South American Protected Area: Human Connectivity vs Animal Welfare. DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11070110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Roads can affect animals as well as their habits at different levels. Avoidance behavior is a common response of animals to this type of perturbation, preventing access to areas rich in resources. The effects of roads on ungulates have not been studied in South America extensively, especially in arid environments. We have studied the space use by ungulates in relation to roads, using a dung heap count and camera traps. The aim was to evaluate whether paved road and unpaved road may have an effect on the spatial use of a low density population of guanacos (Lama guanicoe) in Ischigualasto Provincial Park, Argentina. We observed an increase in dung heap abundance in unpaved road as respect to paved road, this difference was larger for both. Besides, we recorded less individuals in paved road zones than in unpaved road zones. This showed that roads, especially paved roads, negatively affect the space used by guanacos. Our results are relevant to the management and conservation of animal populations in protected areas since spatial segregation due to the presence of roads may lead to the isolation of individuals. It is important to pay attention and further assess the effects that roads can have in the native fauna.
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Abra FD, Granziera BM, Huijser MP, Ferraz KMPMDB, Haddad CM, Paolino RM. Pay or prevent? Human safety, costs to society and legal perspectives on animal-vehicle collisions in São Paulo state, Brazil. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215152. [PMID: 30973920 PMCID: PMC6459512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct road mortality and the barrier effect of roads are typically identified as one of the greatest threats to wildlife. In addition, collisions with large mammals are also a threat to human safety and represent an economic cost to society. We documented and explored the effects of animal-vehicle crashes on human safety in São Paulo State, Brazil. We estimated the costs of these crashes to society, and we summarized the legal perspectives. On average, the Military Highway Police of São Paulo reported 2,611 animal-vehicle crashes per year (3.3% of total crashes), and 18.5% of these resulted in human injuries or fatalities. The total annual cost to society was estimated at R$ 56,550,642 (US $ 25,144,794). The average cost for an animal-vehicle crash, regardless of whether human injuries and fatalities occurred, was R$ 21,656 (US $ 9,629). The Brazilian legal system overwhelmingly (91.7% of the cases) holds the road administrator liable for animal-vehicle collisions, both with wild and domestic species. On average, road administrators spent R$ 2,463,380 (US $ 1,005,051) per year compensating victims. The logical conclusion is that the Brazilian legal system expects road administrators to keep animals, both wild and domestic species, off the road. We suggest an improved coordination between the laws that relate to animal-vehicle collisions and human safety, and the process for environmental licenses that focusses on reducing collisions with wildlife and providing habitat connectivity. In addition, we suggest better management practices, raising awareness and social change with regard to abandoned domesticated animals including horses, cattle, and dogs. This should ultimately result in a road system with improved human safety, reduced unnatural mortality for both domestic and wild animal species, safe crossing opportunities for wildlife, and reduced monetary costs to society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Delborgo Abra
- Forest Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Machado Granziera
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Marcel Pieter Huijser
- Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
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26
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Njovu HK, Kisingo AW, Hesselberg T, Eustace A. The spatial and temporal distribution of mammal roadkills in the Kwakuchinja Wildlife Corridor in Tanzania. Afr J Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abraham Eustace
- Zonal Anti‐Poaching Unit of Serengeti Tanzania Wildlife Management Authority (TAWA) Bunda, Mara Tanzania
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27
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Clark DE, Fulton G, Ontengco JB, Lachance T, Sutton JE. Moose-Motor Vehicle Collision: A Continuing Hazard in Northern New England. J Am Coll Surg 2019; 228:941-947. [PMID: 30879956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moose-motor vehicle collisions (MMVC) are especially dangerous to vehicle occupants because of the height and mass of the animal, which often collapses the roof and has a direct impact into the passenger compartment. STUDY DESIGN Public data on MMVC were obtained from the states of New England (NE), and trauma registry data from centers in NH and ME. RESULTS For all of NE, the annual incidence of reported MMVC has declined from a peak of >1,200 in 1998, but has still averaged >500 over the last 5 years, predominantly in ME, NH, and VT. Public education may have contributed to the decline, but the moose population has also apparently decreased due to environmental changes. In NE, MMVCs are most frequent in the summer months and evening hours. Maine data on crashes involving wild ungulates from 2003 to 2017 document 50,281 collisions with deer and 7,061 collisions with moose; 26 of the latter (0.37%) resulted in a human fatality. Logistic regression models demonstrate that vehicle occupant mortality, after controlling for multiple factors related to vehicle speed, is greatly increased when striking a moose rather than a deer (odds ratio [OR] 13.4, 95% CI 6.3, 28.7). In these data, there were no fatalities among occupants of Swedish cars, which are specifically engineered to tolerate MMVC. Three NH/ME trauma centers registered 124 cases of MMVC: median Injury Severity Score was 9; 5 patients died (4%); and 76 patients (61%) had injuries of the head, face, and/or cervical spine. CONCLUSIONS Moose-motor vehicle collisions remain a frequent and serious hazard to motor vehicle occupants in northern NE. Trauma services should recognize characteristic injury patterns. Continuing public education, cautious driving, and moose herd management are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Clark
- Department of Surgery, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME.
| | - Gwendolyn Fulton
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | | | - Tammy Lachance
- Department of Surgery, Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston, ME
| | - John E Sutton
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
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Gilhooly PS, Nielsen SE, Whittington J, St. Clair CC. Wildlife mortality on roads and railways following highway mitigation. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott E. Nielsen
- Renewable Resources; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2H1 Canada
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Akrim F, Mahmood T, Andleeb S, Hussain R, Collinson WJ. Spatiotemporal patterns of wildlife road mortality in the Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan. MAMMALIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2017-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The current study investigated the impact of roads on native wildlife fauna in Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan. By conducting driven transects over a period of 24 months (March 2012–February 2014), we identified 131 carcasses resulting from wildlife-vehicle collisions or “road kill”, comprising 18 vertebrate species from seven different orders. The Asiatic jackal (Canis aureus; Linnaeus, 1758) was the most common road kill (37.4%), followed by the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctatus; Hodgson, 1836; 9.9%) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes; Linnaeus, 1758; 8.4%). Road kill incidences included both nocturnal (55.6%) and diurnal species (44.5%). The maximum number of road kills were encountered in the Rawalpindi district area (46.6%), followed by Chakwal (36.6%), Jhelum (8.4%) and Attock (8.4%). The majority of road kills occurred on paved roads (93.9%; 0.009 road kill/km) with significantly fewer occurrences on unpaved roads (6.1%; 0.004 road kill/km). Similarly, 77% (0.009/km) of the road kills were found adjacent to protected areas. The majority of road kills (33%) occurred during the spring (February–April) but less in summer (May–July) and winter (November–January) (19.8% for both). The study provides important data on road mortality of wildlife species in the region bordering protected areas in the Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan, to initiate management and conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Akrim
- Department of Wildlife Management , PMAS Arid Agriculture University , Rawalpindi 46300 , Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Wildlife Management , PMAS Arid Agriculture University , Rawalpindi 46300 , Pakistan
| | - Shaista Andleeb
- Department of Wildlife Management , PMAS Arid Agriculture University , Rawalpindi 46300 , Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Wildlife Management , PMAS Arid Agriculture University , Rawalpindi 46300 , Pakistan
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30
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Estimating red deer (Cervus elaphus) population size in the Southern Black Forest: the role of hunting in population control. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-018-1204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Nelli L, Langbein J, Watson P, Putman R. Mapping risk: Quantifying and predicting the risk of deer-vehicle collisions on major roads in England. Mamm Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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Snow NP, Zhang Z, Finley AO, Rudolph BA, Porter WF, Williams DM, Winterstein SR. Regional-based mitigation to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions. J Wildl Manage 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P. Snow
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48823 USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Statistics and Probability; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48823 USA
| | - Andrew O. Finley
- Departments of Forestry and Geography; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48823 USA
| | | | - William F. Porter
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48823 USA
| | - David M. Williams
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48823 USA
| | - Scott R. Winterstein
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48823 USA
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33
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The influence of time factors on the dynamics of roe deer collisions with vehicles. LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-017-0343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Human recreation affects spatio-temporal habitat use patterns in red deer (Cervus elaphus). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175134. [PMID: 28467429 PMCID: PMC5414982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread and diversification of outdoor recreation can impact on wildlife in various ways, often leading to the avoidance of disturbed habitats. To mitigate human-wildlife conflicts, spatial zonation schemes can be implemented to separate human activities from key wildlife habitats, e.g., by designating undisturbed wildlife refuges or areas with some level of restriction to human recreation and land use. However, mitigation practice rarely considers temporal differences in human-wildlife interactions. We used GPS telemetry data from 15 red deer to study the seasonal (winter vs. summer) and diurnal (day vs. night) variation in recreation effects on habitat use in a study region in south-western Germany where a spatial zonation scheme has been established. Our study aimed to determine if recreation infrastructure and spatial zonation affected red deer habitat use and whether these effects varied daily or seasonally. Recreation infrastructure did not affect home range selection in the study area, but strongly determined habitat use within the home range. The spatial zonation scheme was reflected in both of these two levels of habitat selection, with refuges and core areas being more frequently used than the border zones. Habitat use differed significantly between day and night in both seasons. Both summer and winter recreation trails, and nearby foraging habitats, were avoided during day, whereas a positive association was found during night. We conclude that human recreation has an effect on red deer habitat use, and when designing mitigation measures daily and seasonal variation in human-wildlife interactions should be taken into account. We advocate using spatial zonation in conjunction with temporal restrictions (i.e., banning nocturnal recreation activities) and the creation of suitable foraging habitats away from recreation trails.
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Niemi M, Rolandsen CM, Neumann W, Kukko T, Tiilikainen R, Pusenius J, Solberg EJ, Ericsson G. Temporal patterns of moose-vehicle collisions with and without personal injuries. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2017; 98:167-173. [PMID: 27723518 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Collisions with wild ungulates are an increasing traffic safety issue in boreal regions. Crashes involving smaller-bodied deer species usually lead to vehicle damage only, whereas collisions with a large animal, such as the moose, increase the risk of personal injuries. It is therefore important to understand both the factors affecting the number of moose-vehicle collisions (MVCs) and the underlying causes that turn an MVC into an accident involving personal injuries or fatalities. As a basis for temporal mitigation measures, we examined the annual and monthly variation of MVCs with and without personal injuries. Using a 22-year-long (1990-2011) time series from Finland, we tested the effect of moose population density and traffic volume on the yearly number of all MVCs and those leading to personal injuries. We also examined the monthly distribution of MVCs with and without personal injuries, and contrasted the Finnish findings with collision data from Sweden (years 2008-2010) and Norway (years 2008-2011). Both moose population abundance indices and traffic volume were positively related to the yearly variation in the number of MVCs in Finland. The proportion of MVCs involving personal injuries decreased during our 22-year study period. The monthly distribution of all MVCs peaked during the autumn or winter depending on country, while MVCs involving personal injury peaked in summer. Our study indicates that efforts to reduce MVCs involving personal injuries need to address driver awareness and attitudes during summer, despite most MVCs occurring in autumn or winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milla Niemi
- University of Helsinki, Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Christer M Rolandsen
- The Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Sluppen, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Wiebke Neumann
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Tuomas Kukko
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Natural Resources and Bioproduction, Survontie 9A, FI-40500 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Raisa Tiilikainen
- Metsähallitus Parks & Wildlife Finland, Akselinkatu 8, FI-57130 Savonlinna, Finland.
| | - Jyrki Pusenius
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Yliopistokatu 6, FI80100 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Erling J Solberg
- The Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Sluppen, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Göran Ericsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden.
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Primi R, Pelorosso R, Nicolina Ripa M, Amici A. A statistical GIS-based analysis of Wild boar (Sus scrofa) traffic collisions in a Mediterranean area. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Primi
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pelorosso
- Dipartimento di Tecnologie, Ingegneria e Scienze dell’Ambiente e delle Foreste, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Nicolina Ripa
- Dipartimento di Tecnologie, Ingegneria e Scienze dell’Ambiente e delle Foreste, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Andrea Amici
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Jägerbrand AK, Antonson H. Driving behaviour responses to a moose encounter, automatic speed camera, wildlife warning sign and radio message determined in a factorial simulator study. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2016; 86:229-238. [PMID: 26600095 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In a driving simulator study, driving behaviour responses (speed and deceleration) to encountering a moose, automatic speed camera, wildlife warning sign and radio message, with or without a wildlife fence and in dense forest or open landscape, were analysed. The study consisted of a factorial experiment that examined responses to factors singly and in combination over 9-km road stretches driven eight times by 25 participants (10 men, 15 women). The aims were to: determine the most effective animal-vehicle collision (AVC) countermeasures in reducing vehicle speed and test whether these are more effective in combination for reducing vehicle speed; identify the most effective countermeasures on encountering moose; and determine whether the driving responses to AVC countermeasures are affected by the presence of wildlife fences and landscape characteristics. The AVC countermeasures that proved most effective in reducing vehicle speed were a wildlife warning sign and radio message, while automatic speed cameras had a speed-increasing effect. There were no statistically significant interactions between different countermeasures and moose encounters. However, there was a tendency for a stronger speed-reducing effect from the radio message warning and from a combination of a radio message and wildlife warning sign in velocity profiles covering longer driving distances than the statistical tests. Encountering a moose during the drive had the overall strongest speed-reducing effect and gave the strongest deceleration, indicating that moose decoys or moose artwork might be useful as speed-reducing countermeasures. Furthermore, drivers reduced speed earlier on encountering a moose in open landscape and had lower velocity when driving past it. The presence of a wildlife fence on encountering the moose resulted in smaller deceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika K Jägerbrand
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Box 55685, SE-102 15 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hans Antonson
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Human Geography, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
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Niemi M, Matala J, Melin M, Eronen V, Järvenpää H. Traffic mortality of four ungulate species in southern Finland. NATURE CONSERVATION 2015. [DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.11.4416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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39
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Valero E, Picos J, Lagos L, Álvarez X. Road and traffic factors correlated to wildlife–vehicle collisions in Galicia (Spain). WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/wr14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context Wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVC) are one of the major risk factors for the safety of drivers, as well as a great danger to wildlife that moves through the territory. In recent decades, given the growth of these accidents, some researches emerged to understand what are the main causes of this phenomenon and find the best solutions for implementation and try to solve this problem. Aims The aim of the present study was to analyse the road and traffic characteristics of road segments with a high occurrence of WVC in north-western Spain, specifically, the collisions with wild ungulates (roe deer and wild boar). Methods A nearest-neighbour analysis was used to analyse the spatial distribution of the WVC spots, and so as to identify these hotspots of accidents, we performed a hotspot analysis using the routine nearest-neighbour hierarchical cluster. Then, we calculated the WVC density of each road segment (KP). The existence of differences in the values of variables between high and low accident densities was analysed using a Mann–Whitney U-test for the continuous variables, and a χ2-test for the categorical ones. Then, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify which variables could predict the existence of KPs with a high density of WVC. Key results Our results showed that the daily traffic volume, the width of the road, the number of lanes and speed limit affect whether a particular road marker has a high or low density of WVC. Conclusions We conclude that high WVC is frequently characterised by wider lanes and shoulders, as well as gentler slopes, whereas in the sections with narrower roads and a shorter curvature radius, there are some conditions (low visibility and speed reduction) that reduce the probability of having an accident with ungulates. However, the speed at which it is possible to drive on a given road section is closely related to the occurrence of WVC. Implications These findings emphasise the importance of including mitigation measures in the decision-making when planning and designing infrastructure.
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Monitoring wildlife-vehicle collisions in the information age: how smartphones can improve data collection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98613. [PMID: 24897502 PMCID: PMC4045807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently there is a critical need for accurate and standardized wildlife-vehicle collision data, because it is the underpinning of mitigation projects that protect both drivers and wildlife. Gathering data can be challenging because wildlife-vehicle collisions occur over broad areas, during all seasons of the year, and in large numbers. Collecting data of this magnitude requires an efficient data collection system. Presently there is no widely adopted system that is both efficient and accurate. Methodology/Principal Findings Our objective was to develop and test an integrated smartphone-based system for reporting wildlife-vehicle collision data. The WVC Reporter system we developed consisted of a mobile web application for data collection, a database for centralized storage of data, and a desktop web application for viewing data. The smartphones that we tested for use with the application produced accurate locations (median error = 4.6–5.2 m), and reduced location error 99% versus reporting only the highway/marker. Additionally, mean times for data entry using the mobile web application (22.0–26.5 s) were substantially shorter than using the pen/paper method (52 s). We also found the pen/paper method had a data entry error rate of 10% and those errors were virtually eliminated using the mobile web application. During the first year of use, 6,822 animal carcasses were reported using WVC Reporter. The desktop web application improved access to WVC data and allowed users to easily visualize wildlife-vehicle collision patterns at multiple scales. Conclusions/Significance The WVC Reporter integrated several modern technologies into a seamless method for collecting, managing, and using WVC data. As a result, the system increased efficiency in reporting, improved accuracy, and enhanced visualization of data. The development costs for the system were minor relative to the potential benefits of having spatially accurate and temporally current wildlife-vehicle collision data.
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Steiner W, Leisch F, Hackländer K. A review on the temporal pattern of deer-vehicle accidents: impact of seasonal, diurnal and lunar effects in cervids. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2014; 66:168-181. [PMID: 24549035 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of deer-vehicle-accidents (DVAs) and the resulting economic costs have promoted numerous studies on behavioural and environmental factors which may contribute to the quantity, spatiotemporal distribution and characteristics of DVAs. Contrary to the spatial pattern of DVAs, data of their temporal pattern is scarce and difficult to obtain because of insufficient accuracy in available datasets, missing standardization in data aquisition, legal terms and low reporting rates to authorities. Literature of deer-traffic collisions on roads and railways is reviewed to examine current understanding of DVA temporal trends. Seasonal, diurnal and lunar peak accident periods are identified for deer, although seasonal pattern are not consistent among and within species or regions and data on effects of lunar cycles on DVAs is almost non-existent. Cluster analysis of seasonal DVA data shows nine distinct clusters of different seasonal DVA pattern for cervid species within the reviewed literature. Studies analyzing the relationship between time-related traffic predictors and DVAs yield mixed results. Despite the seasonal dissimilarity, diurnal DVA pattern are comparatively constant in deer, resulting in pronounced DVA peaks during the hours of dusk and dawn frequently described as bimodal crepuscular pattern. Behavioural aspects in activity seem to have the highest impact in DVAs temporal trends. Differences and variations are related to habitat-, climatic- and traffic characteristics as well as effects of predation, hunting and disturbance. Knowledge of detailed temporal DVA pattern is essential for prevention management as well as for the application and evaluation of mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Steiner
- Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Friedrich Leisch
- Institute of Applied Statistics and Computing, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Klaus Hackländer
- Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
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Meisingset EL, Loe LE, Brekkum Ø, Mysterud A. Targeting mitigation efforts: The role of speed limit and road edge clearance for deer-vehicle collisions. J Wildl Manage 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erling L. Meisingset
- Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research; Organic Food and Farming Division; NO-6630 Tingvoll Norway
| | - Leif E. Loe
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management; Norwegian University of Life Science; P.O. Box 5003 NO-1432 Aas Norway
| | - Øystein Brekkum
- Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research; Organic Food and Farming Division; NO-6630 Tingvoll Norway
| | - Atle Mysterud
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences; University of Oslo; P.O. Box 1066 Blindern NO-0316 Oslo Norway
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Polak T, Rhodes JR, Jones D, Possingham HP. Optimal planning for mitigating the impacts of roads on wildlife. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Polak
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Jonathan R. Rhodes
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
- School of Geography Planning and Environmental Management; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
- The National Environmental Research Program (NERP) Environmental Decision hub.; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Darryl Jones
- Environmental Futures Centre; School of Environment; Griffith University; Brisbane Qld 4111 Australia
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
- The National Environmental Research Program (NERP) Environmental Decision hub.; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
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45
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46
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Мorelle К, Lehaire F, Lejeune P. Spatio-temporal patterns of wildlife-vehicle collisions in a region with a high-density road network. NATURE CONSERVATION 2013. [DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.5.4634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Wikenros C, Sand H, Ahlqvist P, Liberg O. Biomass flow and scavengers use of carcasses after re-colonization of an apex predator. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77373. [PMID: 24194881 PMCID: PMC3806759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reestablishment of apex predators influences the availability and distribution of biomass for scavengers and can therefore be an important agent for structuring species communities. We studied how the re-colonization of the Scandinavian Peninsula by wolves (Canis lupus) affected the amount and temporal variation in use of moose (Alces alces) carcasses. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We compared the availability of biomass from remains at wolf kills with those killed by hunters, vehicle collisions and natural death. Movement-triggered cameras monitored patterns of use on wolf kills and remains from hunter harvest by scavengers (n = 15,276) in relation to time of year, available carcass biomass, time since the death of the moose and presence of wolves. Remains from hunter harvest were the largest food source for scavengers both within wolf territories (57%) and in areas without wolves (81%). The total annual biomass available were similar in areas with (25,648 kg) and without (24,289 kg) wolves. Presence of wolves lowered the peak biomass available from hunter harvest in October (20%) and increased biomass available during December to August (38-324% per month). The probability of scavengers being present decreased faster with time at remains from hunter harvest compared to wolf kills and both the probability of being present and the number of visits by scavengers to wolf kills increased as the amount of biomass available on the carcass increased. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Wolves reduced the seasonal variation of biomass from moose carcasses and most important increased it during spring. Scavengers also visited wolf kills most frequently during spring when most scavenging species have young, which may lead to an increase in survival and/or reproductive success of scavengers within wolf territories. This applies both for abundant scavenging species that were the most frequent visitors at wolf kills and threatened scavengers with lower visit frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Wikenros
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Håkan Sand
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Per Ahlqvist
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Olof Liberg
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
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Jonzén N, Sand H, Wabakken P, Swenson JE, Kindberg J, Liberg O, Chapron G. Sharing the bounty—Adjusting harvest to predator return in the Scandinavian human–wolf–bear–moose system. Ecol Modell 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Interchange as the main factor determining wildlife–vehicle collision hotspots on the fenced highways: spatial analysis and applications. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-013-0710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Douhard M, Bonenfant C, Gaillard JM, Hamann JL, Garel M, Michallet J, Klein F. Roaring counts are not suitable for the monitoring of red deerCervus elaphuspopulation abundance. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.2981/12-037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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