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Almohammadi AA, Aljafri OH, Esawi HH, Alzhrani AA, Alharbi MS. The Etiology and Epidemiological Features of Acute Pancreatitis in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46511. [PMID: 37927657 PMCID: PMC10625166 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify the etiology of acute pancreatitis (AP) and its most common causes with its epidemiological features among the Saudi population in 2023 in different regions. In this systematic review, we assessed the etiology and epidemiological features of acute pancreatitis in Saudi Arabia following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2009 guidelines. Inclusion criteria were studies conducted in Saudi Arabia, published in English, and involving participants aged 18 years or older. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched in March 2023 for English articles published between 1985 and 2023 using specific keywords. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles for eligibility, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. Data on study characteristics, participant demographics, and etiological factors were extracted using a standardized form. Descriptive analysis summarized the etiology of acute pancreatitis in Saudi Arabia based on the extracted data. Out of the 58 studies retrieved for screening, 10 studies were included in the final systematic review, and most of them were done in the Riyadh region. The sum of the sample size was 1,695 participants. In Saudi Arabia, the most prevalent cause of acute pancreatitis is biliary stones. The average mortality rate of acute pancreatitis in reported studies is 2.2%. In conclusion, biliary and idiopathic causes are the most frequent etiologies of AP in some different regions of Saudi Arabia, acute peripancreatic fluid collections and pancreatic pseudocysts are the two most commonly reported complications associated with AP, and the mortality rate of AP in Saudi Arabia may be higher compared to developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Almohammadi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Medina, SAU
| | - Owais H Aljafri
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Medina, SAU
| | - Hossam H Esawi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Medina, SAU
| | - Anas A Alzhrani
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Medina, SAU
| | - Muteb S Alharbi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Medina, SAU
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Aljiffry MM, Alhazmi MF, Abu Alqam R, Takieddin SZ, Abulfaraj M. Epidemiological Features of Acute Pancreatitis (AP): Largest Single-Center, Cohort Study in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e38445. [PMID: 37273380 PMCID: PMC10234453 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a medical emergency which can range in severity from a mild, self-limiting condition to a catastrophic event that results in multiorgan failure. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of AP. METHODS This study included all patients diagnosed with AP at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between 2017 and 2021. The main aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of AP in patients who present to the hospital with abdominal pain. Secondary objectives included analyzing the causes, complications, severity, and outcomes of the patients. RESULTS A total of 67 patients were included. AP constituted 11.6% of all cases of patients presenting to the hospital with abdominal pain. Only seven patients presented with severe AP, which was significantly associated with advanced age (over 60 years old). The primary causes of AP were biliary and idiopathic pancreatitis, accounting for 80.6% of the cases. The most frequent complications observed were peripancreatic fluid collection and atelectasis, which occurred in 40.3% of cases. CONCLUSION AP is a prevalent condition in patients with abdominal pain, with biliary pancreatitis being the leading cause of the disease. The majority of patients exhibited mild to moderate severity of symptoms and experienced positive outcomes when treated appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed F Alhazmi
- Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Rakan Abu Alqam
- Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Siba Z Takieddin
- Medicine and Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Moaz Abulfaraj
- Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
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Molla NW, Alsergani AH, Alyamani AA, Aljohani MA, Aljohani AA, Alfaiz FA, Alomar MO, BinMayouf MS. Incidence of peripancreatic fluid collections in patients presenting with acute pancreatitis. Saudi Med J 2022; 43:1341-1346. [PMID: 36517060 PMCID: PMC9994521 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.12.20220508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To calculate the incidence of acute peripancreatic fluid collection (APFC) in patients with acute pancreatitis. The secondary objective is to determine the underlying etiologies of acute pancreatitis in the Saudi population. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was carried out at King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study analyzed data from patients who were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis between January 2008 and January 202. A total of 327 were included in the study after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Their medical records were subsequently reviewed for the presence or absence of APFC on follow-up imaging studies, evidence of biliary stones, prior endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), a history of alcohol use, and demographic variables. RESULTS Of the 327 patients with acute pancreatitis, 158 (48.3%) developed APFC, while 169 (51.7%) did not. The majority of patients had an idiopathic etiology of acute pancreatitis (n=251; 76.8%); followed by a biliary etiology (n=51; 15.6%); post-ERCP complications (n=14; 4.3%), and other causes (n=11; 3.3%). CONCLUSION The incidence of APFC in patients presenting with acute pancreatitis between January 2008 and January 2021 was 48.3%. The most common etiology of acute pancreatitis in this tertiary care hospital was idiopathic, followed by biliary etiologies and post-ERCP complications. More studies targeting the local complications of pancreatitis are needed to reach more definitive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran W. Molla
- From the Department of Radiology (Molla), King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University; and from the College of Medicine (Alsergani, Alyamani, Aljohani M, Aljohani A, Alfaiz, Alomar, BinMayouf), King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah H. Alsergani
- From the Department of Radiology (Molla), King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University; and from the College of Medicine (Alsergani, Alyamani, Aljohani M, Aljohani A, Alfaiz, Alomar, BinMayouf), King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abduljabbar A. Alyamani
- From the Department of Radiology (Molla), King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University; and from the College of Medicine (Alsergani, Alyamani, Aljohani M, Aljohani A, Alfaiz, Alomar, BinMayouf), King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Majed A. Aljohani
- From the Department of Radiology (Molla), King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University; and from the College of Medicine (Alsergani, Alyamani, Aljohani M, Aljohani A, Alfaiz, Alomar, BinMayouf), King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz A. Aljohani
- From the Department of Radiology (Molla), King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University; and from the College of Medicine (Alsergani, Alyamani, Aljohani M, Aljohani A, Alfaiz, Alomar, BinMayouf), King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad A. Alfaiz
- From the Department of Radiology (Molla), King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University; and from the College of Medicine (Alsergani, Alyamani, Aljohani M, Aljohani A, Alfaiz, Alomar, BinMayouf), King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed O. Alomar
- From the Department of Radiology (Molla), King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University; and from the College of Medicine (Alsergani, Alyamani, Aljohani M, Aljohani A, Alfaiz, Alomar, BinMayouf), King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed S. BinMayouf
- From the Department of Radiology (Molla), King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University; and from the College of Medicine (Alsergani, Alyamani, Aljohani M, Aljohani A, Alfaiz, Alomar, BinMayouf), King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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