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Kisby GE, Wilson DM, Spencer PS. Introducing the Role of Genotoxicity in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7221. [PMID: 39000326 PMCID: PMC11241460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have identified genetic and environmental factors involved in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and, to a lesser extent, neuropsychiatric disorders. Genomic instability, i.e., the loss of genome integrity, is a common feature among both neurodegenerative (mayo-trophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease) and psychiatric (schizophrenia, autism, bipolar depression) disorders. Genomic instability is associated with the accumulation of persistent DNA damage and the activation of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, as well as pathologic neuronal cell loss or senescence. Typically, DDR signaling ensures that genomic and proteomic homeostasis are maintained in both dividing cells, including neural progenitors, and post-mitotic neurons. However, dysregulation of these protective responses, in part due to aging or environmental insults, contributes to the progressive development of neurodegenerative and/or psychiatric disorders. In this Special Issue, we introduce and highlight the overlap between neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as the emerging clinical, genomic, and molecular evidence for the contributions of DNA damage and aberrant DNA repair. Our goal is to illuminate the importance of this subject to uncover possible treatment and prevention strategies for relevant devastating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen E. Kisby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of Pacific Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA
| | - David M. Wilson
- Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium;
| | - Peter S. Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Sciences University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Hedlich-Dwyer J, Allard JS, Mulgrave VE, Kisby GE, Raber J, Gassman NR. Novel Techniques for Mapping DNA Damage and Repair in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7021. [PMID: 39000135 PMCID: PMC11241736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage in the brain is influenced by endogenous processes and metabolism along with exogenous exposures. Accumulation of DNA damage in the brain can contribute to various neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. Traditional methods for assessing DNA damage in the brain, such as immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry, have provided valuable insights but are limited by their inability to map specific DNA adducts and regional distributions within the brain or genome. Recent advancements in DNA damage detection methods offer new opportunities to address these limitations and further our understanding of DNA damage and repair in the brain. Here, we review emerging techniques offering more precise and sensitive ways to detect and quantify DNA lesions in the brain or neural cells. We highlight the advancements and applications of these techniques and discuss their potential for determining the role of DNA damage in neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Hedlich-Dwyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Joanne S Allard
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Veronica E Mulgrave
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Glen E Kisby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Natalie R Gassman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Arat Çelik HE, Yılmaz S, Akşahin İC, Kök Kendirlioğlu B, Çörekli E, Dal Bekar NE, Çelik ÖF, Yorguner N, Targıtay Öztürk B, İşlekel H, Özerdem A, Akan P, Ceylan D, Tuna G. Oxidatively-induced DNA base damage and base excision repair abnormalities in siblings of individuals with bipolar disorder DNA damage and repair in bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:207. [PMID: 38789433 PMCID: PMC11126633 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence suggests elevated levels of oxidatively-induced DNA damage, particularly 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), and abnormalities in the repair of 8-OH-dG by the base excision repair (BER) in bipolar disorder (BD). However, the genetic disposition of these abnormalities remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the levels of oxidatively-induced DNA damage and BER mechanisms in individuals with BD and their siblings, as compared to healthy controls (HCs). 46 individuals with BD, 41 siblings of individuals with BD, and 51 HCs were included in the study. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was employed to evaluate the levels of 8-OH-dG in urine, which were then normalized based on urine creatinine levels. The real-time-polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression levels of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1), and DNA polymerase beta (POLβ). The levels of 8-OH-dG were found to be elevated in both individuals with BD and their siblings when compared to the HCs. The OGG1 and APE1 expressions were downregulated, while POLβ expressions were upregulated in both the patient and sibling groups compared to the HCs. Age, smoking status, and the number of depressive episodes had an impact on APE1 expression levels in the patient group while body mass index, smoking status, and past psychiatric history had an impact on 8-OH-dG levels in siblings. Both individuals with BD and unaffected siblings presented similar abnormalities regarding oxidatively-induced DNA damage and BER, suggesting a link between abnormalities in DNA damage/BER mechanisms and familial susceptibility to BD. Our findings suggest that targeting the oxidatively-induced DNA damage and BER pathway could offer promising therapeutic strategies for reducing the risk of age-related diseases and comorbidities in individuals with a genetic predisposition to BD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selda Yılmaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İzel Cemre Akşahin
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Esma Çörekli
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Maltepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazlı Ecem Dal Bekar
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ömer Faruk Çelik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neşe Yorguner
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Hüray İşlekel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Özerdem
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pınar Akan
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- BioIzmir - Izmir Health Technologies Development and Accelerator Research and Application Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ceylan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gamze Tuna
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- BioIzmir - Izmir Health Technologies Development and Accelerator Research and Application Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Fujikawa R, Yamada J, Maeda S, Iinuma KM, Moriyama G, Jinno S. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species production accompanying alternatively activated microglia by risperidone in a mouse ketamine model of schizophrenia. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38770640 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the potential involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and microglia, a major source of ROS, in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In our study, we explored how the second-generation antipsychotic risperidone (RIS) affects ROS regulation and microglial activation in the hippocampus using a mouse ketamine (KET) model of schizophrenia. KET administration resulted in schizophrenia-like behaviors in male C57BL/6J mice, such as impaired prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response and hyper-locomotion. These behaviors were mitigated by RIS. We found that the gene expression level of an enzyme responsible for ROS production (Nox2), which is primarily associated with activated microglia, was lower in KET/RIS-treated mice than in KET-treated mice. Conversely, the levels of antioxidant enzymes (Ho-1 and Gclc) were higher in KET/RIS-treated mice. The microglial density in the hippocampus was increased in KET-treated mice, which was counteracted by RIS. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three morphological subtypes of microglia. In control mice, most microglia were resting-ramified (type I, 89.7%). KET administration shifted the microglial composition to moderately ramified (type II, 44.4%) and hyper-ramified (type III, 25.0%). In KET/RIS-treated mice, type II decreased to 32.0%, while type III increased to 34.0%. An in vitro ROS assay showed that KET increased ROS production in dissociated hippocampal microglia, and this effect was mitigated by RIS. Furthermore, we discovered that a NOX2 inhibitor could counteract KET-induced behavioral deficits. These findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of ROS production by RIS may play a crucial role in ameliorating schizophrenia-related symptoms. Moreover, modulating microglial activation to regulate ROS production has emerged as a novel avenue for developing innovative treatments for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Fujikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Yamada
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Maeda
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko M Iinuma
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Shozo Jinno
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Li S, Jiang J, Zhu W, Wang D, Dong C, Bu Y, Zhang J, Gao D, Hu X, Wan C. Increased cell-free DNA is associated with oxidative damage in patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:20-28. [PMID: 38701608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been found to be elevated in patients with schizophrenia (SZ), potentially derived from activated apoptosis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Moreover, whether the concentrations of cfDNA are altered with disease stage has not been investigated, which limits its clinical application as an auxiliary diagnostic marker for SZ. Using an improved fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) method that does not require DNA extraction, we measured the molar concentrations of cfDNA in plasma samples of 191 patients with SZ, 78 patients with mood disorders (MD) and 65 healthy controls (HC). We also analyzed the cfDNA composition from either the nucleus or mitochondria, oxidation markers and biochemical indexes to explore the potential mechanistic associations of the increased cfDNA levels. We found that in SZ patients, the cfDNA levels were significantly increased (P = 0.003) regardless of the different disease stages or antipsychotic medication use. Furthermore, qPCR revealed that cell-free nuclear DNA (cf-nDNA) (P = 0.041) but not cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) was elevated in SZ patients. Moreover, decreased SOD activity in SZ patients (P = 0.005) was negatively correlated with cfDNA levels (P = 0.047), and fasting blood glucose was positively correlated with cfDNA levels in SZ patients (P = 0.013). Our study provides evidence to support that the elevated cfDNA may be a convenient, effective and stable trait indicator of SZ. Further analysis showed that it mainly came from nucleus, suggesting increased apoptosis, and potentially related to oxidative stress and high blood glucose levels in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wenli Zhu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chaoqing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yangying Bu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Daiyutong Gao
- Department of Mathematics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Chunling Wan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychiatry Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Coello K, Mäkinen IJO, Kjærstad HL, Faurholt-Jepsen M, Miskowiak KW, Poulsen HE, Vinberg M, Kessing LV. Oxidation of DNA and RNA in young patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and relatives. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:81. [PMID: 38331875 PMCID: PMC10853262 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive oxidative stress-generated nucleoside damage seems to play a key role in bipolar disorder (BD) and may present a trait phenomenon associated with familial risk and is one of the putative mechanisms explaining accelerated atherosclerosis and premature cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in younger patients with BD. However, oxidative stress-generated nucleoside damage has not been studied in young BD patients and their unaffected relatives (UR). Therefore, we compared oxidative stress-generated damage to DNA and RNA in young patients newly diagnosed with BD, UR, and healthy control individuals (HC). Systemic oxidative stress-generated DNA and RNA damage levels were compared by analyzing urinary levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine in participants aged 15-25 years, including 133 patients newly diagnosed with BD, 57 UR, and 83 HC. Compared with HC, damage to DNA was 21.8% higher in BD patients (B = 1.218, 95% CI = 1.111-1.335, p = <0.001) and 22.5% higher in UR (B = 1.225, 95% CI = 1.090-1.377, p = <0.002), while damage to RNA was 14.8% higher in BD patients (B = 1.148, 95% CI = 1.082-1.219, p = <0.001) and 14.0% higher in UR (B = 1.140, 95% CI = 1.055-1.230, p = < 0.001) in models adjusted for sex and age after correction for multiple comparison. Levels did not differ between patients with BD and UR. Our findings support higher oxidative stress-generated nucleoside damage being a trait phenomenon in BD associated with familial risk and highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to prevent illness progression and development of premature CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Coello
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ilari Jaakko Olavi Mäkinen
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Lie Kjærstad
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Faurholt-Jepsen
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Enghusen Poulsen
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital North Zealand Hillerød, Hillerød, Denmark
- Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital North Zealand Hillerød, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Maj Vinberg
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Quagliato LA, Nardi AE. The interplay between sexual abuse and inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in drug-naïve panic disorder patients. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2995-3001. [PMID: 37131075 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Although accumulating evidence suggests an interplay between child abuse and inflammatory processes and the pathophysiology of mental disorders, few studies have investigated the cellular mechanisms related to this matter. Furthermore, no studies to date have evaluated cytokine, oxidative stress, and DNA damage levels in drug-naïve panic disorder (PD) patients and their possible association with childhood trauma. The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of the proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-1B, the oxidative stress marker TBARS, and 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG; representing DNA damage) in drug-naïve PD patients compared to controls. Furthermore, this investigation aimed to determine whether early-life trauma could predict peripheral levels of the previously mentioned markers in unmedicated PD patients. This work showed that drug-naïve PD patients presented elevated levels of TBARS and IL-1B but not 8-OHdG compared to healthy controls. In addition, sexual abuse during childhood was associated with increased levels of IL-1B in PD patients. Our findings suggest that the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome complex might be activated in drug-naïve PD patients. This study is the first to associated sexual abuse with increased levels of IL-1B in drug-naïve PD patients and to demonstrate that this population presents high concentrations of oxidative stress and inflammation markers but not DNA damage markers when compared to healthy controls. Independent replication of these findings would support further clinical trials of inflammasome inhibitory drugs in PD patients, which could lead to effective novel treatments for people with PD and contribute to elucidating pathophysiological differences depending on trauma exposure in the immune disturbances accompanying PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiana A Quagliato
- Laboratory of Panic & Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Bras 71, zip code: 22270-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- Laboratory of Panic & Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Bras 71, zip code: 22270-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Fizíková I, Dragašek J, Račay P. Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Altered Mitochondrial Oxygen, and Energy Metabolism Associated with the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097991. [PMID: 37175697 PMCID: PMC10178941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant complexity of the brain can lead to the development of serious neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. A number of mechanisms are involved in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia, pointing to its complexity and opening a new perspective on studying this disorder. In this review of currently published studies, we focused on the contribution of mitochondria to the process, with an emphasis on oxidative damage, ROS, and energy metabolism. In addition, we point out the influence of redox imbalance, which can lead to the occurrence of oxidative stress with increased lipid peroxidation, linked to the formation of toxic aldehydes such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and HNE protein adducts. We also analysed the role of lactate in the process of energy metabolism and cognitive functions in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Fizíková
- Outpatient Psychiatry Clinic, 965 01 Žiar nad Hronom, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Dragašek
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Račay
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
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Çeli K HEA, Tuna G, Ceylan D, Küçükgöncü S. A comparative meta-analysis of peripheral 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) levels across mood episodes in bipolar disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 151:106078. [PMID: 36931055 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative DNA damage has been associated with the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) as one of the common pathways between increased medical comorbidity and premature aging in BD. Previous evidence shows increased levels of oxidatively induced DNA damage markers, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) or its tautomer 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), in patients with BD in comparison to healthy individuals. With the current research, we aim to analyze data on peripheral (blood or urine) 8-OHdG/8-oxo-dG levels across mood states of BD using a meta-analytical approach. METHOD A literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify eligible studies (January 1989 to July 2022). Relevant studies were systematically reviewed; a random-effects meta-analysis and a meta-regression analysis were conducted. RESULTS The current meta-analysis included 12 studies consisting of 808 BD patients (390 in euthymia, 156 in mania, 137 in depression, 16 in mixed episode, 109 not specified) and 563 healthy controls. BD patients that were currently depressed had significantly higher levels of 8-OHdG/8-oxo-dG than healthy controls, while euthymic or manic patients did not differ from healthy controls. A meta-regression analysis showed sex distribution (being female) and older age to be significantly related to increased 8-OHdG/8-oxo-dG levels. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that 8-OHdG/8-oxo-dG may be a state-related marker of depression in BD and may be affected by older age and female gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayet Ece Arat Çeli K
- Maltepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey; Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tuna
- Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ceylan
- Koç University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey; Koç University, Research Center for Translational Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Suat Küçükgöncü
- Maltepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey
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Yang M, Wang C, Zhao G, Kong D, Liu L, Yuan S, Chen W, Feng C, Li Z. Comparative Analysis of the Pre- and Post-Medication Effects of Antipsychotic Agents on the Blood-Based Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:340-352. [PMID: 35794775 PMCID: PMC10190148 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220706101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown that oxidative stress (OS) is related to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ), but whether antipsychotics can induce OS has not been investigated well. Moreover, antipsychotics have differential effects on the OS level modulation, i.e., different types of antipsychotics have different effects on the cellular antioxidants or pro-oxidants. METHODS We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and investigated the OS indicators including both enzymatic and nonenzymatic markers, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, etc., of SCZ patients at baseline and follow-up of mono-medication. RESULTS Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 1162 patients enrolled at baseline, and 1105 patients completed the follow-up. OS markers were changed after a period of antipsychotic treatment in SCZ patients. The GPx activity and MDA level decreased in the whole blood (P<0.05), also the serum MDA level decreased (P<0.05). For the first-episode SCZ patients, the activity of GPx and the level of MDA decreased, while the level of vitamin C increased (all P<0.05). The levels of MDA in patients receiving atypical antipsychotics decreased (P<0.05), while the level of GSH in patients with typical antipsychotics decreased (P=0.05). CONCLUSION Antipsychotic medication may cause changes in the levels of OS markers in different blood samples of SCZ patients. However, the available studies might not be sufficient to reveal the underlying facts accurately due to the poor quality of experimental designs in the published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunzhi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Guocheng Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Liju Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Can Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Pei H, Zeng J, He Z, Zong Y, Zhao Y, Li J, Chen W, Du R. Palmatine ameliorates LPS-induced HT-22 cells and mouse models of depression by regulating apoptosis and oxidative stress. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23225. [PMID: 36169195 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders that is characterized by low mood, lack of motivation, slow thinking, and recurrent suicidal thoughts. The mechanism of action of palmatine in depression has been rarely reported and remains unclear. The present study examined the neuroprotective effects of palmatine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and depression-like behavior. In this study, cell apoptosis was evaluated by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and Hoechst 33258 staining in LPS-induced HT-22 cells. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected in vitro. In vivo, we investigated depressive-like behaviors in mice by an open field test (OFT) and elevated plus-maze test (EPM). Additionally, the levels of superoxide dismutases (SOD), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL staining were used to evaluate the pathology of the hippocampus. The expression of Nrf2/HO-1 and BAX/Bcl-2 pathways in the hippocampus were assessed by Western blot analysis. Palmatine could significantly reduce apoptosis and ROS levels, and improve mitochondrial damage. Moreover, palmatine significantly improves movement time and central square crossing time in OFT, and improves open arms and movement time in EMP. And the levels of SOD, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly decreased after palmatine treatment. More importantly, palmatine improved neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus, and depression through BAX/Bcl-2 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. We provide evidence that palmatine further alleviates the depressive-like behavior of LPS-induced by improving apoptosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Pei
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianning Zeng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education of China, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer of China, Changchun, China
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12
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Park C, Cha HJ, Kim MY, Bang E, Moon SK, Yun SJ, Kim WJ, Noh JS, Kim GY, Cho S, Lee H, Choi YH. Phloroglucinol Attenuates DNA Damage and Apoptosis Induced by Oxidative Stress in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium ARPE-19 Cells by Blocking the Production of Mitochondrial ROS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122353. [PMID: 36552561 PMCID: PMC9774705 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phloroglucinol, a phenolic compound, is known to possess a potent antioxidant ability. However, its role in retinal cells susceptible to oxidative stress has not been well elucidated yet. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether phloroglucinol could protect against oxidative damage in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium ARPE-19 cells. For this purpose, ARPE-19 cells were stimula ted with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to mimic oxidative stress. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial function, DNA damage, and autophagy were then assessed. Our results revealed that phloroglucinol ameliorated cell viability, cytotoxicity, and DNA damage in H2O2-exposued ARPE-19 cells and blocked production of ROS. Phloroglucinol also counteracted H2O2-induced apoptosis by reducing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, blocking activation of caspase-3, and inhibiting degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. H2O2 caused mitochondrial impairment and increased expression levels of mitophagy markers such as PINK1and PARKIN known to be associated with mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) generation and cytosolic release of cytochrome c. However, these changes were significantly attenuated by phloroglucinol. Mito-TEMPO, a selective mitochondrial antioxidant, further enhanced the protective effect of phloroglucinol against dysfunctional mitochondria. Furthermore, H2O2 induced autophagy, but not when ARPE-19 cells were pretreated with phloroglucinol, meaning that autophagy by H2O2 contributed to the pro-survival mechanism and that phloroglucinol protected ARPE-19 cells from apoptosis by blocking autophagy. Taken together, these results suggest that phloroglucinol can inhibit oxidative stress-induced ARPE-19 cell damage and dysfunction by protecting DNA damage, autophagy, and subsequent apoptosis through mitigation of mtROS generation. Thus, phloroglucinol might have therapeutic potential to prevent oxidative stress-mediated damage in RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - EunJin Bang
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Busan 48520, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Y.H.C.); Tel.: +82-51-890-8129 (H.L.); +82-51-890-3319 (Y.H.C.)
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Y.H.C.); Tel.: +82-51-890-8129 (H.L.); +82-51-890-3319 (Y.H.C.)
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Hu X, Yu C, Dong T, Yang Z, Fang Y, Jiang Z. Biomarkers and detection methods of bipolar disorder. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ershova ES, Shmarina GV, Martynov AV, Zakharova NV, Veiko RV, Umriukhin PE, Kostyuk GP, Kutsev SI, Veiko NN, Kostyuk SV. NADPH-oxidase 4 gene over-expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the schizophrenia patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269130. [PMID: 35696356 PMCID: PMC9191697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increased systemic oxidative stress is common in schizophrenia (SZ) patients. NADPH-oxidase 4 (NOX4) is the cell oxidoreductase, catalyzing the hydrogen peroxide formation. Presumably, NOX4 is the main oxidative stress factor in a number of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We hypothesized that NOX4 may be involved in the oxidative stress development caused by the disease in the schizophrenic patients’ peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Materials and methods The SZ group included 100 patients (68 men and 32 women aged 28 ± 11 years). The control group included 60 volunteers (35 men and 25 women aged 25 ± 12 years). Flow cytometry analysis (FCA) was used for DNA damage markers (8-oxodG, ɣH2AX), pro- and antiapoptotic proteins (BAX1 and BCL2) and the master-regulator of anti-oxidant response NRF2 detection in the lymphocytes of the untreated SZ patients (N = 100) and the healthy control (HC, N = 60). FCA and RT-qPCR were used for NOX4 and RNANOX4 detection in the lymphocytes. RT-qPCR was used for mtDNA quantitation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cell-free DNA concentration was determined in blood plasma fluorimetrically. Results 8-oxodG, NOX4, and BCL2 levels in the PBL in the SZ group were higher than those in the HC group (p < 0.001). ɣH2AX protein level was increased in the subgroup with high 8-oxodG (p<0.02) levels and decreased in the subgroup with low 8-oxodG (p <0.0001) levels. A positive correlation was found between 8-oxodG, ɣH2AX and BAX1 levels in the SZ group (p <10−6). NOX4 level in lymphocytes did not depend on the DNA damage markers values and BAX1 and BCL2 proteins levels. In 15% of PBL of the HC group a small cellular subfraction was found (5–12% of the total lymphocyte pool) with high DNA damage level and elevated BAX1 protein level. The number of such cells was maximal in PBL samples with low NOX4 protein levels. Conclusion Significant NOX4 gene expression was found a in SZ patients’ lymphocytes, but the corresponding protein is probably not a cause of the DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natalia V. Zakharova
- N. A. Alexeev Clinical Psychiatric Hospital №1, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Pavel E. Umriukhin
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
- Normal Physiology Departement, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - George P. Kostyuk
- N. A. Alexeev Clinical Psychiatric Hospital №1, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
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