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Muino AF, Compo NR, Everett BM, Abrahams DF, Baldwin MK, James TN, Wanner SE, Perkins MJ, Parr CE, Wiltshire ND, Miedel EL, Engelman RW. Equipment and Methods for Concurrently Housing Germfree and Gnotobiotic Mice in the Same Room. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2023; 62:395-408. [PMID: 37640503 PMCID: PMC10597338 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-23-000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Here, we combined the use of 2 technologies that have not previously been used together-a positively pressurized isolator IVC (IsoIVC-P) and a modular isolator with integrated vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) technology???to develop highly tractable and scalable methods to support long-term maintenance of germfree mouse colonies and the concurrent use of germfree and gnotobiotic mice in the same room. This space-efficient system increases the practicality of microbiome studies. Specifically, the exterior surfaces of microbially similar IsoIVC-P were sterilized by using VHP prior to opening the cages and handling the mice therein. This space-efficient system increases the feasibility of microbiome studies. After over 74 wk of experimentation and handling equivalent to more than 1,379,693 germfree mouse-days, we determined that the method and practices we developed have a weekly performance metric of 0.0001 sterility breaks per husbandry unit; this rate is comparable to the isolator 'gold standard.' These data were achieved without adverse incidents while maintaining an Altered Schaedler Flora colony and multiple gnotobiotic studies involving fecal microbial transplants in the same room. Our novel IsoIVC-P???VHP workstation housing system thus improves microbiome research efficiency, eliminates hazards, and reduces risks associated with traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia F Muino
- Comparative Medicine, Research, and Innovation, University of South Florida
| | - Nicole R Compo
- Comparative Medicine, Research, and Innovation, University of South Florida
| | - Bo M Everett
- Comparative Medicine, Research, and Innovation, University of South Florida
| | | | - Margi K Baldwin
- Comparative Medicine, Research, and Innovation, University of South Florida
| | - Tara N James
- Comparative Medicine, Research, and Innovation, University of South Florida
| | - Susan E Wanner
- Comparative Medicine, Research, and Innovation, University of South Florida
| | - M Jane Perkins
- Comparative Medicine, Research, and Innovation, University of South Florida
| | - Courtnee E Parr
- Comparative Medicine, Research, and Innovation, University of South Florida
| | - Norman D Wiltshire
- Comparative Medicine, Research, and Innovation, University of South Florida
| | - Emily L Miedel
- Comparative Medicine, Research, and Innovation, University of South Florida
| | - Robert W Engelman
- Comparative Medicine, Research, and Innovation, University of South Florida
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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2
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Niemiec T, Skowron K, Świderek W, Kwiecińska-Piróg J, Gryń G, Wójcik-Trechcińska U, Gajewska M, Zglińska K, Łozicki A, Koczoń P. Effect of radiant catalytic ionization on environmental conditions in rodent rooms and the haematological status of mice. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:298. [PMID: 35922808 PMCID: PMC9347109 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High stocking densities, closed animal houses, and elevated concentrations of bacteria, fungi, and the products of their activity, including ammonia and hydrogen sulphide, have adverse health effects. Active techniques used to reduce unfavourable environmental conditions, such as ventilation, sprinkling, bedding sorbents, and nutritional treatments, are not always sufficient to improve the animals’ living environment. The current paper aims to evaluate the effect of radiant catalytic ionization (RCI) on airborne microorganisms, cage microbiological status, gaseous ammonia concentrations, and the haematological status of mice in animal houses. After one week of operation of an RCI system, the number of airborne bacteria and fungi in the experimental room decreased in comparison to the first day of the experiment (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05 respectively), as did the concentrations of ammonia (p < 0.01) and dust. At the same time, the basic health parameters of the mice, determined in the blood, were very similar between the control and experimental room. RCI seems to be an ideal solution to ensure high hygiene standards in animal rooms and houses with limited use of disinfectants or antibiotic treatment of sick animals. An additional, environmental benefit is the limited amount of nitrogen released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Niemiec
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Animal Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wiesław Świderek
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Animal Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Gryń
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Marta Gajewska
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Animal Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klara Zglińska
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Animal Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Łozicki
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Animal Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Koczoń
- Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Winn CB, Rogers RN, Keenan RA, Gerwin PM, Matthews KA, Ramirez JA, Bennett TE, Perkins CL, Henderson KS. Using Filter Media and Soiled Bedding in Disposable Individually Ventilated Cages as a Refinement to Specific Pathogen-free Mouse Health Monitoring Programs. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:361-369. [PMID: 35750479 PMCID: PMC9674011 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-22-000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular-based methods have shown potential for improving pathogen detection and reducing animal use. While increasing evidence supports rodent-free environmental health PCR pathogen detection, limited information is available regarding efficacy for disposable individually ventilated caging systems. In such systems, testing of plenum exhaust air dust is ineffective, and the use of collection media is optimal. We performed a series of studies to compare PCR infectious agent detection with dust collected on media placed in a mouse-free soiled bedding cage, the cage exhaust filter of an occupied sentinel cage, and direct sampling from colony and sentinel mice with traditional soiled bedding mouse sentinels. We hypothesized that after a 3-mo period, testing of filter media agitated in a soiled bedding cage would be equal to or more sensitive than more traditional methods. Agitated media detected Astrovirus-1, segmented filamentous bacteria and Helicobacter ganmani to a degree comparable to testing lid exhaust filter PCR from a sentinel mouse cage, but opportunists such as Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis were not detected consistently, and H. hepaticus was not detected at all. Direct sampling of pooled fecal pellets and body swabs from sentinel mice and testing using PCR also failed to reliably detect opportunists and Helicobacter spp. While further work is needed to refine use of filter media in soiled bedding for detection of lower prevalence opportunists, this report provides evidence that a rodent-free method of reliably detecting murine agents in a disposable individually ventilated cage system with cage-level filtration outperforms direct sampling of soiled bedding sentinel mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Winn
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Comparative Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts,,Corresponding author.
| | - Renee N Rogers
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Comparative Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rose A Keenan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Comparative Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Philip M Gerwin
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Comparative Medicine, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Kristin A Matthews
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Comparative Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Julita A Ramirez
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Comparative Medicine, Pearl River, New York
| | - Terese E Bennett
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Comparative Medicine, Pearl River, New York
| | - Cheryl L Perkins
- Charles River Laboratories, Research Models and Services, Wilmington, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth S Henderson
- Charles River Laboratories, Research Models and Services, Wilmington, Massachusetts
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4
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Niemiec T, Skowron K, Świderek W, Kwiecińska-Piróg J, Gryń G, Fiszdon K, Łozicki A, Zglińska K, Kosieradzka I, Koczoń P. Radiant catalytic ionization improves the microbiological status of rodent facilities without affecting the prooxidative status of mice. Lab Anim 2021; 56:225-234. [PMID: 34565205 DOI: 10.1177/00236772211027740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The main microbial contaminants of rooms in which laboratory rodents are housed are bacteria and fungi. Restriction of microbial growth to below threshold levels requires the application of various sophisticated antimicrobial techniques that must be effective and safe for the animals. Some of the most commonly used techniques, including chemical disinfection, ventilation, filtration, sterilization and radiation, are not always sufficiently effective. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of a modern technique (i.e. radiant catalytic ionization (RCI)) on the microbiological status of an animal care facility, and the health of the mice housed therein. The experiment, conducted over seven days, compared an experimental room with an RCI system permanently turned on with a negative control room. At the completion of the experiment, the number of bacteria in the RCI room air and on its walls was lower than that in the control room (p < 0.01 in both cases). Values of the basic prooxidative parameter, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration, in tissues of mice from the RCI room were within allowed boundaries. Hence, application of an RCI system proved to be an ideal technique to ensure high hygienic standards in animal rooms without any adverse effects on the animals housed therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Niemiec
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Wiesław Świderek
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz Gryń
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Fiszdon
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Andrzej Łozicki
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Klara Zglińska
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Iwona Kosieradzka
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Piotr Koczoń
- Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
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5
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Kähl S, Volke D, Fornefett J, Fingas F, Klose K, Benga L, Grunwald T, Ulrich R, Hoffmann R, Baums CG. Identification of a large repetitive RTX immunogen in a highly virulent Rodentibacter heylii strain. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104771. [PMID: 33164813 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rodentibacter (R.) heylii is frequently detected in laboratory rodents. Repeats in toxin (RTX) toxins are considered important virulence factors of this major murine pathogen. We evaluated the virulence of a R.heylii strain negative for all known RTX toxin genes and Muribacter (M.) muris, a commensal in mice, in experimental infections of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Experimental intranasal infection with 108 CFU of the pnxI-, pnxII- and pnxIII- R. heylii strain resulted in 75% and 100% mortality in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, respectively. In early losses, multiple internal organs were infected and purulent bronchopneumonia was the main pathology. Intranasal application of M. muris did not result in mortality or severe weight loss. Immunoproteomics led to the identification of a surface-associated and specific immunogen, which was designated as R. heylii immunogen A (RhiA) and which was exclusively recognised by sera obtained from mice infected with this R. heylii pathotype. RhiA is a 262.6 kDa large protein containing long imperfect tandem repeats and C-terminal RTX consensus sequences. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that this R.heylii pathotype expresses RhiA in the lower respiratory tract. In summary, this study describes a specific immunogen in a virulent R. heylii, strain which is an excellent antigen for pathotype-specific serological screenings and which might carry out RTX-related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Kähl
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Volke
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Fornefett
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Kristin Klose
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurentiu Benga
- Central Unit for Animal Research and Animal Welfare Affairs, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Grunwald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Georg Baums
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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6
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Caruso AA, Del Prete A, Lazzarino AI. Hydrogen peroxide and viral infections: A literature review with research hypothesis definition in relation to the current covid-19 pandemic. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:109910. [PMID: 32505069 PMCID: PMC7262503 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed the literature concerning the innate response from nasal and oral epithelial cells and their reaction to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Hydrogen peroxide is produced physiologically by oral bacteria and plays a significant role in the balance of oral microecology since it is an important antimicrobial agent. In the epithelial cells, the enzyme superoxide dismutase catalyzes a reaction leading from hydrogen peroxide to the ion superoxide. The induced oxidative stress stimulates a local innate response via activation of the toll-like receptors and the NF-κB. Those kinds of reactions are also activated by viral infections. Virus-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in the regulation of the host immune system and the specific oxidant-sensitive pathway is one of the effective strategies against viral infections. Therefore, nose/mouth/throat washing with hydrogen peroxide may enhance those local innate responses to viral infections and help protect against the current coronavirus pandemic. We strongly encourage the rapid development of randomized controlled trials in both SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative subjects to test the preliminary findings from the in-vitro and in-vivo observational studies that we identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Del Prete
- Department of Ophthalmology, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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7
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Hankenson FC, Mauntel M, Willard J, Pittsley L, Degg W, Burnell N, Vierling A, Griffis S. Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide Decontamination of N95 Respirators in a Dedicated Animal Research Facility for Reuse During a Novel Coronavirus Pandemic. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2020; 25:142-149. [PMID: 38602982 PMCID: PMC7315381 DOI: 10.1177/1535676020936381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care systems and safety providers have faced an unprecedented challenge of limited access to personal protective equipment (PPE) to conduct patient and public care. In federal emergencies, reuse of PPE after disinfection can occur by processes, like vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP), recommended by the Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention. We identified a vacant animal holding facility at our institution to repurpose into a regional VHP decontamination center. Methods The facility is a multiroom, 20 000 ft2 building with control of HVAC to adjust to VHP conditional requirements. H2O2 was delivered to rooms using robotic HaloFoggers, dispersing H2O2 vapor and increasingly concentrated microdroplets as a fog for a timed period based on cubic footage of rooms. Results Fogging cycles eliminated 6-log Geobacillus stearothermophilus up to 7 days postcycle. Functional efficacy of treated N95s was confirmed by fit tests of institutional personnel. Signage, process flow mapping, and training materials facilitated ease of workflow and adherence to safety expectations within the building. Discussion and Conclusion Our study determined that a variety of N95 respirator types and sizes were able to be cleared of potential bacterial and viral agents using VHP in a controlled fog/dwell/exhaust cycle. This repurposed animal facility has the capacity to decontaminate up to 6700 respirators daily, which will address the predicted surge of COVID-19 cases in the state, and ultimately allow each respirator to be reused multiple times. There is no other public site in the region with our capacity to offset the continued supply chain issues for PPE needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Claire Hankenson
- Campus Animal Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mark Mauntel
- Campus Animal Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jamie Willard
- Environmental Health and Safety, Office of Regulatory Affairs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Leslie Pittsley
- Campus Animal Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stanley Griffis
- Department of Supply Chain Management, Eli Broad College of Business, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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8
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Compton SR. PCR and RT-PCR in the Diagnosis of Laboratory Animal Infections and in Health Monitoring. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2020; 59:458-468. [PMID: 32580820 PMCID: PMC7479767 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics (PCR and RT-PCR) have become commonplace in laboratory animal research and diagnostics, augmenting or replacing serological and microbiologic methods. This overview will discuss the uses of molecular diagnostics in the diagnosis of pathogenic infections of laboratory animals and in monitoring the microbial status of laboratory animals and their environment. The article will focus primarily on laboratory rodents, although PCR can be used on samples from any laboratory animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R Compton
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine;,
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9
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Miedel EL, Ragland NH, Slate AR, Engelman RW. Persistent Corynebacterium bovis Infectious Hyperkeratotic Dermatitis in Immunocompetent Epidermal-Mutant dep/dep Mice. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:586-589. [PMID: 32347166 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820922219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During a previously reported program-wide Corynebacterium bovis outbreak, both immunocompetent depilated (dep/dep) mutant mice and transgenic mice that express the papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein became persistently infected with C. bovis. An orthokeratotic, hyperkeratotic, acanthotic dermatitis developed in the C. bovis-infected dep/dep mice, which remained C. bovis PCR-positive for >45 days prior to euthanasia as part of the program-wide C. bovis eradication effort. Since both affected strains of mice have altered skin homeostasis, immune status or the presence of hair may not alone be sufficient to explain strain susceptibility to C. bovis-related cutaneous disease. In order to avoid invalidation of preclinical studies due to C. bovis infection, it may be necessary to isolate immunodeficient mouse strains, implement facililty-wide surveillance for C. bovis, and sterilize equipment with vaporized hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Miedel
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Natalie H Ragland
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Robert W Engelman
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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10
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Dell'Anna G, Mullin K, Brewer MT, Chelladurai JRJJ, Sauer MB, Ball BLS. Room Decontamination Using Ionized Hydrogen Peroxide Fog and Mist Reduces Hatching Rates of Syphacia obvelata Ova. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2020; 59. [PMID: 32349858 PMCID: PMC7338867 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of ionized hydrogen peroxide (iHP) fog and mist for environmental and surface decontaminationof Syphacia obvelata ova in rodent rooms. Ova were collected by perianal tape impression from S. obvelata infectedmice. In experiment 1, ova were exposed to iHP using a whole-room fogging decontamination system with a 15 min initialfog application cycle in unoccupied rodent rooms. Ova were removed from the fogged environment after a 15 min, 30 min, 90min, or 240 min iHP exposure time. In experiment 2, a second cohort of ova were exposed to iHP using the whole-room foggingdecontamination system. Ova were removed after 3, 4 or 6 continuous fog application cycles with 45 min dwelling timebetween each cycle and 15 h dwelling time for the last time point. In experiment 3, a third set of ova was exposed to an iHPsurface misting unit with 1, 2, or 3 iHP mist applications. A 7 min contact time followed each application. After exposure, ovawere incubated in a hatching medium for 6 h. Control ova were maintained at room temperature without iHP exposure beforeincubation in the hatching medium. After incubation, the number of ova hatched was assessed by microscopic examination.For experiment 1, results ranged from 46% to 57% of exposed ova hatched. For experiment 2, results ranged from 43% to 49%of ova hatched. For experiment 3, 37% to 46% of exposed ova hatched. Conversely, for the control groups above 80% of ovahatched for all 3 experiments. These data suggest that exposure to iHP fog and mist has variable effectiveness in reducingviability of S. obvelata ova at the time points tracked. Further studies are needed to identify iHP exposures that will furtherreduce or eliminate the hatching of rodent pinworm ova.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dell'Anna
- Laboratory Animal Resources, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Kathleen Mullin
- Laboratory Animal Resources, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | | | | | - Mary B Sauer
- Laboratory Animal Resources, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Brianne LS Ball
- Office of Animal Resources, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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11
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Vedder AR, Miedel EL, Ragland NH, Balasis ME, Letson CT, Engelman RW, Padron E. Effects of Corynebacterium bovis on Engraftment of Patient-derived Chronic-Myelomonocytic Leukemia Cells in NSGS Mice. Comp Med 2019; 69:276-282. [PMID: 31349880 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Modeling chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) in immunodeficient NSGS mice relies on unique human CMML specimens and consistent murine engraftment. Only anecdotal comments have thus far supported the notion that research data may be altered by Corynebacterium bovis, an opportunistic cutaneous pathogen of immunodeficient mice. C. bovis disseminated by asymptomatic and clinically affected mice with hyperkeratotic dermatitis, resulting in resilient facility contamination and infectious recurrence. Herein we report that, compared with C. bovis PCR-negative counterparts, C. bovis PCR-positive NSGS mice developed periocular and facial hyperkeratosis and alopecia and had reduced metrics indicative of ineffective human CMML engraftment, including less thrombocytopenia, less splenomegaly, fewer CMML infiltrates in histopathologic sections of murine organs, and fewer human CD45+ cells in samples from murine spleen, bone marrow, and peripheral blood that were analyzed by flow cytometry. All CMML model metrics of engraftment were significantly reduced in the C. bovis PCR-positive cohort compared with the - negative cohort. In addition, a survey of comprehensive cancer center practices revealed that most murine facilities do not routinely test for C. bovis or broadly decontaminate the facility or its equipment after a C. bovis outbreak, thus increasing the likelihood of recurrence of invalidated studies. Our findings document that CMML engraftment of NSGS mice is diminished-and the integrity of murine research data jeopardized-by C. bovis infection of immunodeficient mice. In addition, our results indicate that C. bovis should be excluded from and not tolerated in murine facilities housing immunodeficient strains.
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