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Lin L, Chi H, Chiu NC, Huang CY, Wang JY, Huang DTN. Assessing the utilization of antimicrobial agents in pediatric pneumonia during the era of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A retrospective, single-center study. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2023; 56:1226-1235. [PMID: 37758541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pneumonia and bronchopneumonia are the most common infectious diseases in children. This study aimed to analyze changes in causative pathogens and antibiotic use for bronchopneumonia or pneumonia after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in children. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted from 2009 to 2019. Hospitalized children aged 6 months-3 years with a discharge diagnosis of bronchopneumonia or pneumonia were included to analyze changes in the potential mismatch between the diagnosed pathogen and antibiotic use. RESULTS The cohort comprised 1100 patients, including 648 (59%) and 452 (41%) with a discharge diagnosis of bronchopneumonia and pneumonia, respectively. The trend of viral pneumonia increased every year (rs = 0.101, p < 0.05) Antibiotics were administered in 97% patients, with an increasing annual trend in macrolide use (rs = 0.031, p = 0.009). Regarding antibiotic utilization, no significant variations were observed in the days of therapy (DOT) (rs = 0.076, p = 0.208) or length of therapy (LOT) (rs = -0.027, p = 0.534) per patient-year throughout the study duration. Interestingly, the LOT for combined therapy with macrolides and first-line beta-lactams was high (rs = 0.333, p = 0.028). In viral pneumonia treatment, neither the DOT nor LOT exhibited significant variations (rs = -0.006, p = 0.787 and rs = -0.156, p = 0.398). CONCLUSION After the introduction of PCV13 in Taiwan, no decrease in antibiotic use has been observed among children aged 6 months-3 years with a discharge diagnosis of bronchopneumonia and pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leng Lin
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Chi
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medicine College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Chang Chiu
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medicine College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Huang
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Tsung-Ning Huang
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medicine College, New Taipei, Taiwan.
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van den Berk IAH, M N P Kanglie M, van Engelen TSR, Hovinga de Boer MC, de Monyé W, Bipat S, Bossuyt PMM, Prins JM, Stoker J. Pneumonia pattern recognition on ultra-low-dose CT does not allow for a reliable differentiation between viral and bacterial pneumonia: A multicentre observer study. Eur J Radiol 2023; 167:111064. [PMID: 37657382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.111064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While a reliable differentiation between viral and bacterial pneumonia is not possible with chest X-ray, this study investigates whether ultra-low-dose chest-CT (ULDCT) could be used for this purpose. METHODS In the OPTIMACT trial 281 patients had a final diagnosis of pneumonia, and 96/281 (34%) had one or more positive microbiology results: 60 patients viral pathogens, 48 patients bacterial pathogens. These 96 ULDCT's were blindly and independently evaluated by two chest radiologists, who reported CT findings, pneumonia pattern, and most likely type of pathogen. Differences between groups were analysed for each radiologist separately, diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by calculating sensitivity. RESULTS The dominant CT finding significantly differed between the viral and bacterial pathogen groups (p = 0.04; p = 0.04). Consolidation was the most frequent dominant CT finding in both patients with viral and bacterial pathogens, but was observed significantly more often in those with a bacterial pathogen: 32/60 and 22/60 versus 38/48 and 31/48 (p = 0.005; p = 0.004). The lobar pneumonia pattern was more frequently observed in patients with a bacterial pathogen: 23/48 and 18/48, versus 10/60 and 8/60 for viral pathogens (p < 0.001; p = 0.004). For the bronchopneumonia and interstitial pneumonia patterns the proportions of viral and bacterial pathogens were not significantly different. Both radiologists suggested a viral pathogen correctly (sensitivity) in 6/60 (10%), for a bacterial pathogen this was 34/48 (71%). CONCLUSION Reliable differentiation between viral and bacterial pneumonia could not be made by pattern recognition on ULDCT, although a lobar pneumonia pattern was significantly more often observed in bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge A H van den Berk
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Maadrika M N P Kanglie
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Spaarne Gasthuis, Department of Radiology, Boerhaavelaan 22, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Tjitske S R van Engelen
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke C Hovinga de Boer
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter de Monyé
- Spaarne Gasthuis, Department of Radiology, Boerhaavelaan 22, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Shandra Bipat
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick M M Bossuyt
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M Prins
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Stoker
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Chen X, Tao F, Sun B, Xie J, Chen J. Targeted delivery of inhalable drug particles in the tracheobronchial tree model of a pediatric patient with bronchopneumonia: A numerical study. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 311:104024. [PMID: 36731709 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is a common cause of hospitalization and death in children worldwide. Inhalation therapy is one of the methods treating pneumonia However, there are limited studies that distinguish between the physiology of children and adults, especially with respect to targeted drug delivery. A tracheobronchial (TB) tree model of an 11-year-old child with bronchopneumonia is selected as a testbed for in silico trials of targeted drug delivery. The airflow and particle transport are solved by the computational fluid dynamics method at an airflow rate of 15 LPM. The results indicate that the distribution of deposited particles shows aggregation on the particle release map. Point-source aerosol release (PSAR) method can significantly reduce the deposition efficiency (DE) of particles in the TB tree model. Specifically, the PSAR method can reduce the DE of large particles (i.e., 7.5 µm and 10 µm) by 7.57% and 9.61%, respectively. This enables rapid design of patient-specific treatment for different population age groups and different airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Wang
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Xiaole Chen
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China.
| | - Feng Tao
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Baobin Sun
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Jun Xie
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Jingguo Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
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4
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Li B, Liu X. Clinical implications of Golgi protein 73 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and their related factors in children with bronchopneumonia. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2023; 99:65-71. [PMID: 35988659 PMCID: PMC9875271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical implications of Golgi glycoprotein 73 (GP73) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in children with bronchopneumonia (BP). METHODS Seventy-two children with BP (observation group) and 81 healthy children (control group) consecutively brought to the present study's hospital between June 2019 and October 2020 were enrolled. GP73 and G-CSF levels were determined to analyze their diagnostic value for pediatric BP. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was also measured. The clinical implications of GP73 and G-CSF in pediatric BP complicated with respiratory failure and their connections with the inflammatory response were discussed. RESULTS GP73 and G-CSF levels were remarkably higher in the observation group (p < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of combined detection (GP73+G-CSF) in predicting pediatric BP were 72.22% and 86.42%, respectively (p < 0.001). GP73 and G-CSF, which are closely related to X-ray classification and complications in the observation group, decreased after treatment and were positively correlated with hs-CRP (p < 0.05), especially in children complicated with respiratory failure. Regression analysis identified the independence of the course of the disease, hs-CRP, X-ray classification, GP73, and G-CSF as influencing factors of respiratory failure in children with BP (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION GP73 and G-CSF, with elevated levels in children with BP, are strongly linked to disease progression and are independent influencing factors of respiratory failure, which may be the key to diagnosing and treating pediatric BP in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofa Li
- Department of Laboratory, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhengjiang 315012, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhengjiang 315012, China.
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Lin TY, Chi H, Kuo CY, Tsai HP, Wang JR, Liu CC, Shen CF. Outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus subtype ON1 among children during COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2022; 55:1168-1179. [PMID: 36137926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regional respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) outbreak in southern Taiwan in late 2020 followed the surge of RSV cases in the national surveillance data and displayed distinct clinical features. This study investigated RSV epidemiology in the most recent five years and compared the clinical manifestations of this outbreak with non-outbreak period. METHODS Medical records of RSV-infected children at the National Cheng Kung University Hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively retrieved from hospital-based electronic medical database. Cases of RSV infection were identified by RSV antigen positive and/or RSV isolated from respiratory specimens. The demographic, clinical presentations, and laboratory data were recorded. The RSV isolates in 2020 was sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Overall, 442 RSV-infected cases were retrieved and 42.1% (186 cases) clustered in late 2020. The 2020 outbreak started in September, peaked in November, and lasted for 3 months. 2020 RSV-infected children were older (2.3 ± 2.2 years vs. 1.0 ± 1.0 years), more likely to be diagnosed with bronchopneumonia (57.5% vs. 31.6%), but also had a lower hospitalization rate, shorter hospital stay, less oxygen use, and less respiratory distress than those in 2016-2019 (all p value < 0.05). The RSV isolates in 2020 belonged to RSV-A subtype ON1 but were phylogenetically distinct from the ON1 strains prevalent in Taiwan previously. CONCLUSION The 2020 RSV outbreak was led by the novel RSV-A subtype ON1 variant with clinical manifestations distinct from previous years. Continuous surveillance of new emerging variants of respiratory viruses in the post-pandemic era is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Chi
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medicine College, New Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital and MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Pin Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Fen Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Silva LMR, Hindenberg S, Balzhäuser L, Moritz A, Hermosilla C, Taubert A. Pneumothorax in a persistent canine Angiostrongylus vasorum infection. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2021; 26:100650. [PMID: 34879961 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Canine angiostrongylosis is a gastropod-borne parasitosis caused by the cosmopolitan nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum. It is associated with cardiorespiratory disorders and eventually fatal coagulopathies. A 6-months-old female dog previously diagnosed with bronchopneumonia and pneumothorax, treated accordingly without success, was hospitalized for further treatment. Complementary diagnostics confirmed previous findings plus pneumomediastinum, thoracic exudate, leucocytosis, thrombocytosis, hypercoagulability, and hyperglobulinemia. Coprological analysis showed a severe patent A. vasorum infection. After the third daily fenbendazole administration, all A. vasorum larvae were found dead in follow-up coprological analyses while in intensive care. Upon release, the dog was monitored until full clinical recovery 3 months later. Up to date, A. vasorum infection-related pneumothorax was rarely described, particularly with full recovery of such a young patient. Thus, a parasitological aetiology should be considered for dogs with severe bronchopneumonia or pneumothorax, especially in Europe and South America where increasing numbers of canine angiostrongylosis cases call for enhanced awareness of veterinary practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M R Silva
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubert Str. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - S Hindenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 114, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - L Balzhäuser
- Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 114, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Moritz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 114, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 114, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - C Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubert Str. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubert Str. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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7
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Zhao D, Chen M, Shi K, Ma M, Huang Y, Shen J. A long short-term memory-fully connected (LSTM-FC) neural network for predicting the incidence of bronchopneumonia in children. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:56892-56905. [PMID: 34076817 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopneumonia is the most common infectious disease in children, and it seriously endangers children's health. In this paper, a deep neural network combining long short-term memory (LSTM) layers and fully connected layers was proposed to predict the prevalence of bronchopneumonia in children in Chengdu based on environmental factors and previous prevalence rates. The mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and Pearson correlation coefficient (R) were used to detect the performance of the deep learning model. The values of MSE, MAE, and R in the test dataset are 0.0051, 0.053, and 0.846, respectively. The results show that the proposed model can accurately predict the prevalence of bronchopneumonia in children. We also compared the proposed model with three other models, namely, a fully connected (FC) layer neural network, a random forest model, and a support vector machine. The results show that the proposed model achieves better performance than the three other models by capturing time series and mitigating the lag effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhe Zhao
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210046, China
| | - Kaifang Shi
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mingguo Ma
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jingwei Shen
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Abstract
Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants are at particularly high risk for infection due to an immature immune system, invasive procedures such as endotracheal intubation, intravascular catheterization, and other factors. Neonatal infections in this population are associated with a high mortality, poor growth, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infection is an uncommon but potentially devastating cause of pneumonia and sepsis in the ELBW population. P. aeruginosa is an important cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) or nosocomial infections. P. aeruginosa can perceive unfavorable environmental changes and orchestrate adaptations by developing plasmid-mediated and adaptive resistance to antibiotics. We describe an ELBW infant born at 26 weeks’ gestation who succumbed at 13 days of life to P. aeruginosa infection. Some of the factors related to the pathogenesis and multidrug resistance are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit I Kylat
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Dettmer S, Vogel-Claussen J. [Imaging in respiratory infections]. Pneumologe (Berl) 2021; 18:256-267. [PMID: 34248454 PMCID: PMC8254451 DOI: 10.1007/s10405-021-00401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The conventional X‑ray image is the method of choice for suspected pneumonia. Computed tomography (CT) is indicated for treatment refractory or recurrent infiltrates, difficult differential diagnostics, suspected complications and in immunocompromised patients. Thoracic sonography can be used as an alternative method for initial diagnostics and in the intensive care unit to monitor progress. In addition to the detection of infiltrates the radiological classification can help to limit the pathogen spectrum. Radiologically, three forms of pneumonia can principally be differentiated: lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia and interstitial pneumonia. Furthermore, there are special forms of pneumonia with certain pathogens, such as aspergilloma, invasive mycosis, postprimary tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteriosis or in a specific clinical context, such as aspiration pneumonia, postinfarction pneumonia, retention pneumonia and septic emboli. The most frequent complications of pneumonia are lung abscesses and pleural empyema. Both can sometimes but not always be seen in the X‑ray image. If clinically suspected the indications for CT should be generously applied. Certain pre-existing diseases, such as immunodeficiency or structural alterations of the lungs can predispose to pulmonary infections, frequently with unusual pathogens or manifestation forms and must be taken into account in the diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Dettmer
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30629 Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Jens Vogel-Claussen
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30629 Hannover, Deutschland
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Yucel S, Aycicek T, Ceyhan Bilgici M, Dincer OS, Tomak L. 3 Tesla MRI in diagnosis and follow up of children with pneumonia. Clin Imaging 2021; 79:213-218. [PMID: 34116298 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the utilization of 3-Tesla (3 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detection of pulmonary abnormalities in children with pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-seven children with pneumonia prospectively underwent 3 T thoracic MRI and posteroanterior (PA) chest radiography (CR). Of these, 15 patients also underwent contrast-enhanced thorax computed tomography (CT) or high-resolution CT (HRCT). The MRI protocol included axial and coronal T2-weighted spectral presaturation with inversion recovery (SPIR) Multivane-XD and axial echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging (EPI DWI) with respiratory gating. Kappa statistics, Cochran Q, and McNemar tests were used to investigate the results. RESULTS Agreement between CR and MRI was substantial in detecting consolidation/infiltration (k = 0.64), peribronchial thickening (k = 0.64), and bronchiectasis (k = 1); moderate in detecting cavity (k = 0.54) and pleural effusion (k = 0.44); and fair in detecting empyema (0.32) and bilateral involvement of lungs (k = 0.23). MRI was superior to CR in detecting bilateral involvement (p < 0.001), lymph node (p < 0.001), pleural effusion (p < 0.001), and empyema (p = 0.003). MRI detected all the consolidation/infiltration also detected on CT imaging. A kappa test showed moderate agreement between MRI and CT in detecting pleural effusion and ground-glass opacity (GGO), and substantial or almost perfect agreement for all other pathologies. No statistically significant difference was observed between MRI and CT for detecting pneumonia-associated pathologies by the McNemar test. CONCLUSION Thoracic 3 T MRI is an accurate and effective technique for evaluating children with pneumonia. MRI detected more pathologies than CR and had similar results to those of thorax CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Yucel
- Mus State Hospital, Department of Radiology, Mus, Turkey.
| | - Tugba Aycicek
- M.D. Prof. Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Disease, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Meltem Ceyhan Bilgici
- Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Oguz Salih Dincer
- M.D. Prof. Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Disease, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Leman Tomak
- Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Samsun, Turkey
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Chen LJ, Li JM, Zhang WD, Liu W, Li XY, Ouyang B, Tan JL, Li Y, Chen JC, Liu ZG. LncRNA NEAT1 activates MyD88/NF-κB pathway in bronchopneumonia through targeting miR-155-5p. Autoimmunity 2021; 54:104-113. [PMID: 33719773 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2021.1891534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopneumonia is a disease of the respiratory tract. It leads to other complications and endangers life and health. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) participates in the occurrence and development of bronchopneumonia. Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) plays a key role in inflammatory diseases, but the function of NEAT1 in bronchopneumonia remains unclear. METHODS RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed to determine genes and proteins expressions. MTT was applied to test cell viability. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. RIP was used to investigate the correlation between NEAT1 and miR-155-5p. The interaction between miR-155-5p and NEAT1 or MyD88 was evaluated by the dual-luciferase reporter gene. RESULTS NEAT1 and MyD88 were upregulated in BEAS-2B cells by LPS, while miR-155-5p was downregulated. Knockdown of NEAT1 inhibited LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells growth inhibition by inhibiting the apoptosis. In addition, NEAT1 silencing suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory responses in BEAS-2B cells via suppression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18. Meanwhile, NEAT1 is directly bound to miR-155-5p to regulate MyD88/NF-κB axis, and overexpression of miR-155-5p increased cell proliferation and suppressed inflammatory factors expression levels and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, sh-NEAT1-induced inhibition of BEAS-2B cells injury was partially reversed by miR-155-5p inhibitor or MyD88 overexpression. CONCLUSION NEAT1 silencing suppressed LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells injury and inflammation by the mediation of miR-155-5p/MyD88/NF-κB axis. Thus, our study might shed new light on exploring the new strategies for the treatment of bronchopneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jia Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Min Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Ying Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Long Tan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Chuan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Guang Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, P. R. China
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Kähl S, Volke D, Fornefett J, Fingas F, Klose K, Benga L, Grunwald T, Ulrich R, Hoffmann R, Baums CG. Identification of a large repetitive RTX immunogen in a highly virulent Rodentibacter heylii strain. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104771. [PMID: 33164813 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rodentibacter (R.) heylii is frequently detected in laboratory rodents. Repeats in toxin (RTX) toxins are considered important virulence factors of this major murine pathogen. We evaluated the virulence of a R.heylii strain negative for all known RTX toxin genes and Muribacter (M.) muris, a commensal in mice, in experimental infections of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Experimental intranasal infection with 108 CFU of the pnxI-, pnxII- and pnxIII- R. heylii strain resulted in 75% and 100% mortality in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, respectively. In early losses, multiple internal organs were infected and purulent bronchopneumonia was the main pathology. Intranasal application of M. muris did not result in mortality or severe weight loss. Immunoproteomics led to the identification of a surface-associated and specific immunogen, which was designated as R. heylii immunogen A (RhiA) and which was exclusively recognised by sera obtained from mice infected with this R. heylii pathotype. RhiA is a 262.6 kDa large protein containing long imperfect tandem repeats and C-terminal RTX consensus sequences. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that this R.heylii pathotype expresses RhiA in the lower respiratory tract. In summary, this study describes a specific immunogen in a virulent R. heylii, strain which is an excellent antigen for pathotype-specific serological screenings and which might carry out RTX-related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Kähl
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Volke
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Fornefett
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Kristin Klose
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurentiu Benga
- Central Unit for Animal Research and Animal Welfare Affairs, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Grunwald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Georg Baums
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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13
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Seguel M, George RC, Maboni G, Sanchez S, Page-Karjian A, Wirth E, McFee W, Gottdenker NL. Pathologic findings and causes of death in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus stranded along the Georgia coast, USA (2007-2013). Dis Aquat Organ 2020; 141:25-38. [PMID: 32940248 DOI: 10.3354/dao03509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Between 2007 and 2013, before the 2013 cetacean morbillivirus outbreak, 26 fresh bottlenose dolphin carcasses were necropsied on the coast of Georgia, USA. Here, we present the pathological and microbiological findings associated with their most likely causes of death. The primary cause of death was determined in 25 individuals and included systemic bacterial infection (n = 7), verminous and bacterial bronchopneumonia (n = 5), drowning/entanglement (n = 5), disseminated histoplasmosis (n = 1), intestinal intussusception (n = 1), vegetative endocarditis (n = 1), meningitis (n = 1), necrotizing dermatitis (n = 1), disseminated angiomatosis (n = 1), emaciation (n = 1) and stingray spine trauma (n = 1). Histiocytic and eosinophilic bronchopneumonia associated with Halocerchus sp. infection was observed in 69% of the animals (18/26) and eosinophilic gastritis due to Anisakidae nematodes was found in 36% of the examined stomachs (8/22). Moderate to severe eosinophilic pancreatitis with fibrosis was observed in 4 animals infected with Brachycladiidae trematodes. Proliferative and ulcerative lymphoplasmacytic dermatitis was found in 5 animals and was considered to contribute to deteriorated health status in 2 calves. Pulmonary and lymph node angiomatosis were observed in 15 and 10 animals, respectively. In at least 2 animals, the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the blubber exceeded 1500 µg g-1 of lipid. Bottlenose dolphins stranded on the Georgia coast have a wide range of inflammatory lesions associated with a variety of helminth, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. Some resident animals have also been exposed to high levels of PCB contamination, which could reduce host immunocompetence. Higher exposure to these or other pathogens could result in further decline in the health of resident and migrant dolphin populations in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seguel
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Vasconcellos ÂG, Clarêncio J, Andrade D, Araújo-Neto CA, Barral A, Nascimento-Carvalho CM. Systemic cytokines/chemokines associated to radiographic abnormalities in pneumonia in children. Cytokine 2020; 135:155191. [PMID: 32712459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) diagnosis remains a challenge in paediatrics. Chest radiography is considered gold standard for definition of pneumonia, however no previous study assessed the relationship between immune response and radiographic-confirmed-pneumonia. We assessed association between cytokines/chemokines levels and radiographic abnormalities in children with CAP. Children < 5-years-old hospitalized with CAP were investigated in a prospective study at the Federal University of Bahia Hospital, Brazil. On admission, clinical data and biological samples were collected to investigate 20 aetiological agents and determine serum cytokines/chemokines levels; chest radiographs were performed. Among 158 patients, radiographic diagnosis of pneumonia was confirmed in 126(79.7%) and 17(10.8%) had pleural effusion. Viral, bacterial and pneumococcal infection were detected in 80(50.6%), 78(49.4%) and 37(23.4%) cases. By comparing the median concentrations of serum cytokines/chemokines between children with or without pleural effusion, interleukin(IL)-6 was higher (26.6[18.6-103.7] vs 3.0[0.0-19.8]; p < 0.001) among those with pleural effusion; and between children with or without radiographic-confirmed-pneumonia, IL-6 was higher in the first subgroup (4.5[0.0-23.4] vs 0.0[0.0-3.6]; p = 0.02) after having excluded cases with pleural effusion. Stratified analyses according to aetiology showed IL-6 increase in the radiographic-confirmed-pneumonia subgroup inside the pneumococcal infection (28.2[5.9-64.1] vs 0.0[0.0-0.0]; p = 0.03) subgroup. By multivariable analysis, with IL-6 as dependent variable, pneumococcal infection and pleural effusion showed independent association with IL-6 elevation [respective OR: 5.071 (95%CI = 2.226-11.548; p < 0.001) and 13.604 (95%CI = 3.463-53.449; p = 0.0001)]. Considering the cases without pleural effusion, the area under the curve of IL-6 to predict pneumococcal infection was 0.76 (95%CI = 0.66-0.86; p < 0.001). IL-6 increase is a potential biomarker of pneumococcal infection among children with CAP without pleural effusion upon admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela G Vasconcellos
- Postgraduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Santo Antonio de Jesus, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Clarêncio
- Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Muniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniela Andrade
- Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Muniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - César A Araújo-Neto
- Department of Image Diagnosis, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Aldina Barral
- Postgraduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Muniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cristiana M Nascimento-Carvalho
- Postgraduation Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Paediatrics, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil
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15
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Arango-Granados MC, Trompa IM. Neurologic alterations in an HIV adult patient with pertussis: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:471. [PMID: 32615931 PMCID: PMC7330534 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pertussis is a highly contagious disease of public health interest caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Although its incidence has decreased substantially after the introduction of a vaccination, the burden of the disease remains high. Although the paroxysmal phase is highly disabling, complications are uncommon and more prevalent in children than in adults. The most frequent neurological complication is encephalopathy, but seizures, paresis, paraplegia, ataxias, aphasias, and decerebration postures have also been described. The complication of decerebration postures has not been previously reported in adults. Case presentation We present a video case of an adult HIV patient with severe coughing paroxysms, post-tussive emesis and syncope, whose workup confirmed the diagnosis of a B. pertussis respiratory infection. During hospitalization, he had fluctuant encephalopathy and post-tussive decerebration postures following paroxysms. He was treated with antibiotic therapy and finally sent home without residual neurological deficits. Conclusion This case illustrates the biological plausibility of neurologic complications of pertussis in adults, which, albeit rare, can cause important morbidities. Future research should explore whether there are differences in the clinical presentation, risk factors and pathophysiology of the disease among adults or interventions aimed at preventing or treating pertussis encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Camila Arango-Granados
- Emergency Department, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cra 98 # 18 - 49, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. .,School of Medicine, Universidad Icesi, Cl. 18 # 122 - 135, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
| | - Iván Mauricio Trompa
- IPS Universitaria León XIII, Infectology Service, Cl. 69 # 51C - 24, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.,School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Cl. 67 # 53 -108, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
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16
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Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex is a worldwide health problem in cattle and is a major reason for antimicrobial use in young cattle. Several challenges may explain why it is difficult to make progress in the management of this disease. This article defines the limitation of BRD complex nomenclature, which may not easily distinguish upper versus lower respiratory tract infection and infectious bronchopneumonia versus other types of respiratory diseases. It then discusses the obstacles to clinical diagnosis and reviews the current knowledge of readily available diagnostic test to reach a diagnosis of infectious bronchopneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Buczinski
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada.
| | - Bart Pardon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
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17
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Li K, Liu LJ, Deng YD, Wu JH, Lu J. [ Plasmodium falciparum infection complicated by bronchopneumonia in a peacekeeper: a case report]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2020; 33:325-326. [PMID: 34286540 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2019179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is an acute febrile illness caused by Plasmodium. In Africa where the burden of malaria is extremely high, febrile symptoms caused by respiratory tract infections may challenge the diagnosis of malaria, and patients with unclear diagnosis and administration of antimalarial drugs require more attention. Hereby, a peacekeeper with Plasmodium falciparum infection complicated with bronchopneumonia was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Li
- General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - L J Liu
- General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Y D Deng
- General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - J H Wu
- General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - J Lu
- General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi 830000, China
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18
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Snyder ER, Alvarez-Narvaez S, Credille BC. Genetic characterization of susceptible and multi-drug resistant Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from high-risk stocker calves prior to and after antimicrobial metaphylaxis. Vet Microbiol 2019; 235:110-117. [PMID: 31282368 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) is a major threat to animal health and welfare in the cattle industry. Strains of Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh) that are resistant to multiple classes of antimicrobials are becoming a major concern in the beef industry, as the frequency of isolation of these strains has been increasing. Mobile genetic elements, such as integrative conjugative elements (ICE), are frequently implicated in this rapid increase in multi-drug resistance. The objectives of the current study were to determine the genetic relationship between the isolates collected at arrival before metaphylaxis and at revaccination after metaphylaxis, to identify which resistance genes might be present in these isolates, and to determine if they were carried on an ICE. Twenty calves culture positive for Mh at arrival and revaccination were identified, and a total of 48 isolates with unique susceptibility profiles (26 from arrival, and 22 from revaccination) were submitted for whole-genome sequencing (WGS). A phylogenetic tree was constructed, showing the arrival isolates falling into four clades, and all revaccination isolates within one clade. All revaccination isolates, and one arrival isolate, were positive for the presence of an ICE. Three different ICEs with resistance gene modules were identified. The resistance genes aphA1, strA, strB, sul2, floR, erm42, tetH/R, aadB, aadA25, blaOXA-2, msrE, mphE were all located within an ICE. The gene bla-ROB1 was also present in the isolates, but was not located within an ICE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Snyder
- Food Animal Health and Management Program, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30602, United States.
| | - Sonsiray Alvarez-Narvaez
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30602, United States
| | - Brent C Credille
- Food Animal Health and Management Program, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30602, United States
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Vitale V, Sgorbini M, Cuteri V, Preziuso S, Attili AR, Bonelli F. Cytological Findings in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Foals With Pneumonia Caused by Rhodococcus equi and Other Bacteria. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 79:9-12. [PMID: 31405508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The distinction between lower respiratory tract infections caused by Rhodococcus equi and those caused by other pathogens is difficult. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe cytological findings in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of foals with pneumonia caused by R. equi or other bacteria. Nineteen foals aged from 3 weeks to 6 months with evidence of respiratory disease between 2015 and 2016 were selected from the database of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Mario Modenato" of the University of Pisa. Eight foals of 19 (42.1%) had R. equi pneumonia, whereas 11 of 19 (57.9%) had another bacterial pneumonia. R. equi-positive foals had statistically significant higher total nucleated cell count (P = .02) and neutrophils percentage (P = .002) than R. equi-negative ones. Macrophages proportion (P = .01) was lower in R. equi-positive than in R. equi-negative foals. Bronchoalveolar lavage is a quite easy procedure that can be performed in the field with minimal equipment required. Here we reported significant differences in the cellular composition of BALF that can be used to differentiate foals with R. equi bronchopneumonia from those with other bacterial pneumonias, whereas waiting for culture results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vitale
- University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Vincenzo Cuteri
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica MC, Italy
| | - Silvia Preziuso
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica MC, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Attili
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica MC, Italy
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McMullen C, Orsel K, Alexander TW, van der Meer F, Plastow G, Timsit E. Comparison of the nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota of beef calves raised without the use of antimicrobials between healthy calves and those diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease. Vet Microbiol 2019; 231:56-62. [PMID: 30955824 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The role of the respiratory bacterial microbiota in the pathogenesis of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is still not well defined, limiting our understanding of the disease. Specifically, there is no information on the nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota of cattle raised without antimicrobials. The objective was to characterize and compare the nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota in feedlot cattle raised without antimicrobials that were healthy or diagnosed with BRD. Newly-received feedlot cattle (arrival bodyweight ± SD = 218 ± 37 kg) with BRD (n = 82) and pen-matched controls (n = 82) were clinically examined and sampled by deep nasopharyngeal swab (DNS). DNA was extracted from each DNS and the 16S rRNA gene (V4) was sequenced. Alpha and beta diversity were compared between health groups and among 3 days-on-feed (DOF) groups (group A = 3-12 DOF; group B = 13-20 DOF; group C = 21-44 DOF). Observed species richness was lower (P = 0.031) in cattle with BRD compared to healthy ones. Both health status (P = 0.007) and DOF groups (P < 0.001) were sources of variation in microbiota composition. Differences between health groups were driven by multiple sequence variants, including Mycoplasma bovis, Histophilus somni, and several Moraxella spp. Notably, M. bovis was more frequently identified in cattle with BRD. M. bovis identification was also higher in cattle sampled at later DOF. The increased identification of M. bovis in cattle with BRD reaffirms a potentially significant role for this bacterium in respiratory health.
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21
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Hussein HA, Binici C, Staufenbiel R. Comparative evaluation of ultrasonography with clinical respiratory score in diagnosis and prognosis of respiratory diseases in weaned dairy buffalo and cattle calves. J Anim Sci Technol 2018; 60:29. [PMID: 30524751 PMCID: PMC6276192 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-018-0187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Respiratory troubles have economic impacts in countries where livestock industry is an important segment of the agricultural sector, as well as these problems may cause significant economic losses for bovine producers. Various practical methods are used to assess diseases that affect the bovine respiratory system. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive tool that has been used frequently in diagnosis of various animal diseases. The present study was designed to establish whether thoracic ultrasonography is a diagnostic tool for detection of respiratory troubles in weaned buffalo and cattle calves, as well as to assess its prognostic value in comparison with clinical respiratory scores. Thirty five (15 buffalo and 20 cattle) calves were included. Twelve (6 buffalo and 6 cattle) clinically healthy calves were enrolled as controls. Results Based on physical examinations, clinical respiratory scores (CRS), ultrasound lung scores (ULS) and postmortem findings, animals were classified into 4 groups as pulmonary emphysema (n = 8), interstitial pulmonary syndrome (n = 7), bronchopneumonia (n = 12), and pleurisy (n = 8). The mean values of CRS and ULS were significantly higher in diseased calves (P < 0.01). In calves with pulmonary emphysema and interstitial syndrome, thoracic ultrasonography revealed numerous comet-tail artifacts, which varied in numbers and imaging features. Furthermore, variable degrees of pulmonary consolidation with alveolograms and bronchograms were noticed in bronchopneumonic calves. In addition, thick irregular or fragmented pleura with pleural effusions and fibrin shreds were imaged in calves with pleurisy. A weak correlation was calculated between CRS and ULS (r = 0.55, P < 0.01). Hematologically, the counts of white blood cells, activities of aspartate aminotransferase and partial tensions of carbon dioxide were significantly increased in all diseased groups. Serum concentrations of total globulins were higher in claves with bronchopneumonia (P < 0.05). The partial tension of oxygen was decreased in all diseased calves (P < 0.05). Conclusions Thoracic ultrasonography is a diagnostic tool for various lung troubles and assessment the grade and severity of pulmonary diseases, as well as it can be used as a follow-up tool for evaluating the prognosis of respiratory troubles and monitoring the efficacy of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Awad Hussein
- 1Internal Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526 Egypt
| | - Cagri Binici
- 2Klinik für Klauentiere, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf Staufenbiel
- 2Klinik für Klauentiere, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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McMullen C, Orsel K, Alexander TW, van der Meer F, Plastow G, Timsit E. Evolution of the nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota of beef calves from spring processing to 40 days after feedlot arrival. Vet Microbiol 2018; 225:139-148. [PMID: 30322526 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The composition of the nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota has been shown to play a role in cattle respiratory health. However, previous studies are narrow in scope regarding longitudinal observations, limiting our understanding of how respiratory bacteria evolve over time. The objective was therefore to characterize this microbiota and its evolution over time in beef calves. A total of 120 crossbred beef-breed steer calves were enrolled in a study in southern Alberta at the time of first vaccination (spring processing), comprising three groups (40 calves/group) that originated from different ranches and were placed in different feedlots. Deep nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from the calves at the time of spring processing, arrival at the feedlot, and a targeted 40 days after feedlot arrival. The swabs were processed for DNA extraction and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to evaluate the microbiota. The composition of the microbiota differed among groups of calves, with each group showing different relative abundances of 963 observed sequence variants. Mycoplasma was the most abundant genus and M. dispar the most abundant species across all groups. There was a distinct shift in the composition of the microbiota over time for all calf groups; however, changes in sequence variants differed by group. Variations in both microbiota composition and temporal changes of sequence variants according to calf group indicates that the respiratory microbiota of beef cattle may lack a common pattern of evolution from ranch to feedlot, and that future studies should account for potential group effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Orsel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Trevor W Alexander
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Frank van der Meer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Graham Plastow
- Livestock Gentec, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Edouard Timsit
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Simpson Ranch Chair in Beef Cattle Health and Wellness, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Feedlot Health Management Services, Okotoks, AB, Canada.
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Oliveira Filho JXD, Morés MAZ, Rebellato R, Kich JD, Cantão ME, Klein CS, Guedes RMC, Coldebella A, Barcellos DESND, Morés N. Pathogenic variability among Pasteurella multocida type A isolates from Brazilian pig farms. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:244. [PMID: 30134904 PMCID: PMC6103967 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pasteurella multocida type A (PmA) is considered a secondary agent of pneumonia in pigs. The role of PmA as a primary pathogen was investigated by challenging pigs with eight field strains isolated from pneumonia and serositis in six Brazilian states. Eight groups of eight pigs each were intranasally inoculated with different strains of PmA (1.5 mL/nostril of 10e7 CFU/mL). The control group (n = 12) received sterile PBS. The pigs were euthanized by electrocution and necropsied by 5 dpi. Macroscopic lesions were recorded, and swabs and fragments of thoracic and abdominal organs were analyzed by bacteriological and pathological assays. The PmA strains were analyzed for four virulence genes (toxA: toxin; pfhA: adhesion; tbpA and hgbB: iron acquisition) by PCR and sequencing and submitted to multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results The eight PmA strains were classified as follows: five as highly pathogenic (HP) for causing necrotic bronchopneumonia and diffuse fibrinous pleuritis and pericarditis; one as low pathogenic for causing only focal bronchopneumonia; and two as nonpathogenic because they did not cause injury to any pig. PCR for the gene pfhA was positive for all five HP isolates. Sequencing demonstrated that the pfhA region of the HP strains comprised four genes: tpsB1, pfhA1, tpsB2 and pfhA2. The low and nonpathogenic strains did not contain the genes tpsB2 and pfhA2. A deletion of four bases was observed in the pfhA gene in the low pathogenic strain, and an insertion of 37 kb of phage DNA was observed in the nonpathogenic strains. MLST clustered the HP isolates in one group and the low and nonpathogenic isolates in another. Only the nonpathogenic isolates matched sequence type 10; the other isolates did not match any type available in the MLST database. Conclusions The hypothesis that some PmA strains are primary pathogens and cause disease in pigs without any co-factor was confirmed. The pfhA region, comprising the genes tpsB1, tpsB2, pfhA1 and pfhA2, is related to the pathogenicity of PmA. The HP strains can cause necrotic bronchopneumonia, fibrinous pleuritis and pericarditis in pigs and can be identified by PCR amplification of the gene pfhA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Xavier de Oliveira Filho
- Department of Animal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Agronomia, Av Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Rebellato
- Embrapa Suinos e Aves, P.O. Box 121, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 89700-000, Brazil
| | - Jalusa Deon Kich
- Embrapa Suinos e Aves, P.O. Box 121, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 89700-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Catia Silene Klein
- Embrapa Suinos e Aves, P.O. Box 121, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 89700-000, Brazil
| | | | - Arlei Coldebella
- Embrapa Suinos e Aves, P.O. Box 121, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 89700-000, Brazil
| | - David Emílio Santos Neves de Barcellos
- Department of Animal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Agronomia, Av Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Nelson Morés
- Embrapa Suinos e Aves, P.O. Box 121, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 89700-000, Brazil
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Liu X, Meng J. Luteolin alleviates LPS-induced bronchopneumonia injury in vitro and in vivo by down-regulating microRNA-132 expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1641-1649. [PMID: 30119240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopneumonia is a common multiple infection disease under 2 years old. Luteolin is a natural flavonoid widely distributed in plants with anti-inflammatory effect. This study aimed to explore the effects of luteolin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bronchopneumonia injury in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, the viability and apoptosis of human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells after luteolin treatment were assessed. Then, cells were treated with 10 μM LPS to simulate inflammatory injury. The potential protective effects of luteolin on LPS-induced BEAS-2B cell inflammatory injury were detected. Moreover, after LPS and/or luteolin treatment, the expression of microRNA-132 (miR-132) in BEAS-2B cells was measured. The roles of miR-132 in protective activity of luteolin were investigated. Finally, the LPS-induced bronchopneumonia murine model was established and the anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin in vivo were analyzed. The results showed that LPS decreased BEAS-2B cell viability, increased cell apoptosis and enhanced inflammatory cytokines expression. Luteolin alleviated the LPS-induced viability loss, apoptosis and elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, luteolin alleviated the LPS-induced miR-132 expression increase in BEAS-2B cells. Overexpression of miR-132 reversed the protective effects of luteolin on LPS-induced inflammatory injury. Mechanistically, luteolin mitigated LPS-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway by down-regulation of miR-132. Furthermore, we also found that luteolin alleviated LPS-induced bronchopneumonia model in vivo. In conclusion, this study revealed that luteolin alleviated LPS-induced bronchopneumonia injury in vitro and in vivo through down-regulating miR-132. These findings provide theoretical basis for deeply exploring the treatment of bronchopneumonia in children by using luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining 272011, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining 272011, Shandong, China.
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25
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Fornefett J, Krause J, Klose K, Fingas F, Hassert R, Benga L, Grunwald T, Müller U, Schrödl W, Baums CG. Comparative analysis of humoral immune responses and pathologies of BALB/c and C57BL/6 wildtype mice experimentally infected with a highly virulent Rodentibacter pneumotropicus (Pasteurella pneumotropica) strain. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:45. [PMID: 29848308 PMCID: PMC5977748 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mice are a natural host for Rodentibacter (R.) pneumotropicus. Despite specific monitoring, it is still one of the most important infectious agents in laboratory animals. The objective of this study was to determine the virulence of a prevalent pathotype of R. pneumotropicus and characterize the host response in a new animal model. RESULTS Intranasal infection of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice with a R. pneumotropicus strain (JF4Ni) bearing the genes of the three known repeats in toxin (RTX) toxins resulted in an unprecedented high mortality and morbidity above 50 and 80%, respectively. Morbidity was associated with severe weight loss as well as conjunctivitis and dyspnea. A main pathology was a catarrhal purulent to necrotic bronchopneumonia. Specific immune globuline (Ig) A was detected in tracheonasal lavages of most surviving mice which were still colonized by R. pneumotropicus. Furthermore, all surviving animals showed a distinct production of IgG antibodies. To differentiate T-helper cell (Th) 1 and Th2 immune responses we used subclasses of IgGs as indicators. Mean ratios of IgG2b to IgG1 were below 0.8 in sera drawn from both mice strains prior infection and from BALB/c mice post infection. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice had a mean IgG2b/IgG1 ratio of 1.6 post infection indicating a Th1 immune response in C57BL/6 versus a Th2 response in BALB/c mice associated with a tenfold higher bacterial load in the lung. In accordance with a Th1 response high antigen-specific IgG2c titers were detected in the majority of surviving C57BL/6 mice. CONCLUSIONS R. pneumotropicus JF4Ni is a highly virulent strain causing severe pneumonia and septicemia after intranasal infection of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Persisting infections in the two mice strains are associated with Th1 and Th2 immune responses, respectively, and differences in the bacterial burden of the lung. The described model is ideally suited for future vaccination studies using the natural host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Fornefett
- Institute for Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jaqueline Krause
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Klose
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix Fingas
- GVG Diagnostics GmbH, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rayk Hassert
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurentiu Benga
- Central Unit for Animal Research and Animal Welfare Affairs, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Grunwald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Müller
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Schrödl
- Institute for Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Georg Baums
- Institute for Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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26
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Hecker M, Sommer N, Tello K, Hecker A, Seeger W, Mayer K. [Community-acquired pneumonia]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2018; 113:313-324. [PMID: 29637219 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-018-0426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a frequent and potentially fatal disorder. Due to the notably high mortality within the first days, the immediate initiation of rational diagnostic pathways and treatment is of tremendous prognostic impact. In this review article, the current German guideline on the diagnosis and therapy of CAP is presented. Special focus is put on structured patient management based on the individual risk for early identification of critically ill patients. In particular, risk assessment directly influences rational diagnostics and adequate therapy. New recommendations concerning preventive strategies are also discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hecker
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Gießen, Klinikstraße 33, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland.
| | - N Sommer
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Gießen, Klinikstraße 33, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - K Tello
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Gießen, Klinikstraße 33, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - A Hecker
- Klinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Thorax‑, Transplantations- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Gießen, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - W Seeger
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Gießen, Klinikstraße 33, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - K Mayer
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Gießen, Klinikstraße 33, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland
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27
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Headley SA, Pereira AHT, Balbo LC, Di Santia GW, Bracarense APFRL, Filho LFCC, Schade J, Okano W, Pereira PFV, Morotti F, Preto-Giordano LG, Marcasso RA, Alfieri AF, Lisbôa JAN, Alfieri AA. Histophilus somni-associated syndromes in sheep from Southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:591-600. [PMID: 29551641 PMCID: PMC6066786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Histophilus somni is a Gram-negative bacterium that is associated with a disease complex (termed histophilosis) that can produce several clinical syndromes predominantly in cattle, but also in sheep. Histophilosis is well described in North America, Canada, and in some European countries. In Brazil, histophilosis has been described in cattle with respiratory, reproductive, and systemic disease, with only one case described in sheep. This report describes the occurrence of Histophilus somni-associated disease in sheep from Southern Brazil. Eight sheep with different clinical manifestations from five farms were investigated by a combination of pathological and molecular diagnostic methods to identify additional cases of histophilosis in sheep from Brazil. The principal pathological lesions were thrombotic meningoencephalitis, fibrinous bronchopneumonia, pulmonary abscesses, and necrotizing myocarditis. The main clinical syndromes associated with H. somni were thrombotic meningoencephalitis (n = 4), septicemia (n = 4), bronchopneumonia (n = 4), and myocarditis (n = 3). H. somni DNA was amplified from multiple tissues of all sheep with clinical syndromes of histophilosis; sequencing confirmed the PCR results. Further, PCR assays to detect Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica were negative. These findings confirmed the participation of H. somni in the clinical syndromes investigated during this study, and adds to the previous report of histophilosis in sheep from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn A Headley
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Unidade de Processamento de Tecidos, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Alfredo H T Pereira
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciana C Balbo
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Laboratório Multiusuário em Saúde Animal, Biologia Molecular, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Giovana W Di Santia
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Unidade de Processamento de Tecidos, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana P F R L Bracarense
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Unidade de Processamento de Tecidos, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz F C Cunha Filho
- Universidade Norte do Paraná, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Arapongas, PR, Brazil
| | - Jackson Schade
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Medicina de Grandes Animais, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Werner Okano
- Universidade Norte do Paraná, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Arapongas, PR, Brazil
| | - Priscilla F V Pereira
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Medicina de Grandes Animais, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Fábio Morotti
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Medicina de Grandes Animais, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucienne G Preto-Giordano
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Micologia, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Rogério A Marcasso
- Universidade Norte do Paraná, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Arapongas, PR, Brazil
| | - Alice F Alfieri
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Laboratório Multiusuário em Saúde Animal, Biologia Molecular, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Júlio A N Lisbôa
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Medicina de Grandes Animais, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Amauri A Alfieri
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Laboratório Multiusuário em Saúde Animal, Biologia Molecular, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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28
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Fornefett J, Krause J, Klose K, Fingas F, Hassert R, Eisenberg T, Schrödl W, Grunwald T, Müller U, Baums CG. Comparative analysis of clinics, pathologies and immune responses in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice infected with Streptobacillus moniliformis. Microbes Infect 2018; 20:101-10. [PMID: 29024796 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Streptobacillus (S.) moniliformis is a rat-associated zoonotic pathogen that occasionally causes disease in other species. We investigated the working hypothesis that intranasal infection might lead to different immune responses in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice associated with distinct pathologies. This study confirmed with 75% mortality the known high susceptibility of C57BL/6 mice to Streptobacillus moniliformis infection in comparison to BALB/c mice which did not develop signs of disease. Main pathologies in C57BL/6 mice were purulent to necrotizing lymphadenitis and pneumonia. Significant seroconversion was recorded in surviving mice of both strains. Differentiation of IgG-subclasses revealed mean ratios of IgG2b to IgG1 below 0.5 in sera of all mice prior to infection and of BALB/c mice post infection. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice had a mean IgG2b/IgG1 ratio of 2.5 post infection indicating a Th1 immune response in C57BL/6 versus a Th2 response in BALB/c mice. Evaluation of different sentinel systems revealed that cultural and serological investigations of these animals might not be sufficient to detect infection. In summary, an intranasal S. moniliformis infection model in C57BL/6 mice leading to purulent to necrotizing inflammations in the lung, the lymph nodes and other organs associated with a Th1 immune response is described.
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29
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Rizk MA, Mahmoud ME, El-Sayed SAE, Salman D. Comparative therapeutic effect of steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on pro-inflammatory cytokine production in water buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) naturally infected with bronchopneumonia: a randomized clinical trial. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:1723-31. [PMID: 28831754 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we compared the therapeutic effects of a non-steroidal and a steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the blood of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves naturally infected by bronchopneumonia. Twenty-seven buffalo calves (7 ± 2-month-old, 163 ± 12 kg) reared in smallholder farms in El-Dakahlia province in Egypt were identified to have bronchopneumonia and randomly allocated into three equal groups. Ten clinically healthy buffalo calves with negative bronchoalveolar lavage results were served as negative control. Diseased calves were treated with tulathromycin alone, a combination of tulathromycin with dexamethasone (steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) or tulathromycin with flunixin meglumine (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug). The results revealed significant elevations (P < 0.05) in the production of selected cytokines in all diseased calves in comparison with healthy animals. Six days post-treatment, a significant inhibition (P < 0.05) in the production of all assessed cytokines was observed in the blood of all treated calves. Interestingly, the serum concentrations of IL-1β and IL-12p40 were returned to the normal levels in pneumonic calves treated with the combination therapy of tulathromycin and flunixin meglumine. A strong significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) was detected between clinical sum scoring and IL-12p40 and TNF-α concentrations. The obtained results indicate the selectively potent anti-inflammatory effect of flunixin meglumine on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in pneumonic buffalo calves and highlight the efficacy of flunixin meglumine in the treatment of bronchopneumonia in buffalo calves when used in combination with tulathromycin.
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Berman J, Francoz D, Dubuc J, Buczinski S. A randomised clinical trial of a metaphylactic treatment with tildipirosin for bovine respiratory disease in veal calves. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:176. [PMID: 28615070 PMCID: PMC5471741 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major problem in veal calf rearing units. The objective of this randomised clinical trial was to assess the effectiveness of tildipirosin as a metaphylactic treatment in veal calves on the number of BRD treatments, lung consolidation on thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) and average daily gain (ADG). A total of 209 veal calves from a pre-weaning fattening unit were randomly allocated to receive one of two treatments (tildipirosin 4 mg/kg, subcutaneously, n = 109; placebo 0.9% saline, subcutaneously, n = 100) at day 12 after entry in the pre-weaned unit. The calves were followed for a 70-day period. Occurrence of mortality and BRD treatments were recorded during the pre-weaning period. At days 1, 12 and 30, TUS and clinical scores were performed and ADG was measured during the first and second months of feeding. RESULTS The use of a metaphylactic treatment of tildipirosin 12 days after arrival of the veal calves was not associated with the number of BRD treatments performed by the producer, ultrasonographic lung consolidation or weight gain (P < 0,05). In this cohort of calves, the proportion of calves treated for BRD by the producer was low at 14% (29/209). However, 13% (26/209) of calves included in the study already had ultrasonographic lung consolidation lesions 12 days after their arrival, which was before treatment time, and 27% (56/209) had lung consolidation at day 30. CONCLUSION In this study population with a low BRD prevalence, we were not able to detect any benefit of tildipirosin as a metaphylactic treatment of BRD at day 12 after arrival based on BRD treatments, TUS, and ADG.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Berman
- Département des sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - D Francoz
- Département des sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.
| | - J Dubuc
- Département des sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - S Buczinski
- Département des sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
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31
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Soares C, Cardoso M, Mestre A, Crisi PE. Case report: Severe and progressive bronchopneumonia by Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in an adopted stray cat from Portugal. J Parasit Dis 2017; 41:976-980. [PMID: 29114129 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-017-0921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cat lungworm Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is the most common respiratory parasite of cats. This nematode has a worldwide distribution and is considered an emerging pathogen. Respiratory signs overlap with those of other pathologies, and some agents which co-exist in the same animal may concur in the clinical scenario. Nonetheless, feline verminous bronchopneumonia is underestimated by practitioners and is not commonly included in differential diagnosis in routine practice. The present report describes the clinical presentation of a 6-month old stray cat from central Portugal, which developed respiratory distress. A clinical improvement of lower respiratory signs was achieved after a course of doxycycline and prednisolone course. However, a relapse with a progressive decline in the respiratory functions occurred two weeks later. A further investigation led to the identification of an A. abstrusus infection that was treated with fenbendazole. Ten days after the treatment the cat became negative for A. abstrusus and further analyses performed in the followings 2 months showed improvement of the animal's pulmonary condition and negative results at the faecal examinations. These findings indicate that veterinarians should include aelurostrongylosis in the differential diagnosis of feline respiratory distress even in non-endemic regions and should perform appropriate diagnostics procedures in the presence of compatible signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Soares
- Vetlamaçães, Small Animal Clinic, A. D. João II, no.139 r/c Nogueiró, 4715-303 Braga, Portugal.,Small Animal Clinic de Pereira, Pereira do Campo, 3140-314 Montemor-o-Velho, Portugal
| | - Manuela Cardoso
- Small Animal Clinic de Pereira, Pereira do Campo, 3140-314 Montemor-o-Velho, Portugal
| | - Ana Mestre
- Small Animal Clinic de Pereira, Pereira do Campo, 3140-314 Montemor-o-Velho, Portugal
| | - Paolo Emidio Crisi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Lohr M, Prohl A, Ostermann C, Diller R, Greub G, Reinhold P. Effect of Parachlamydia acanthamoebae on pulmonary function parameters in a bovine respiratory model. Vet J 2016; 213:9-15. [PMID: 27240907 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate pulmonary dysfunction induced by experimental infection with Parachlamydia acanthamoebae in calves. Intrabronchial inoculation with P. acanthamoebae was performed in 31 calves aged 2-3 months old at two different challenge doses of 10(8) and 10(10) inclusion-forming units (IFU) per animal. Control animals received heat inactivated bacteria. The effects on pulmonary gas exchange were determined by arterial blood gas analysis and haemoximetry during the 7 days post inoculation (DPI). For pulmonary function testing (PFT), impulse oscillometry, capnography, and measurement of O2 uptake were undertaken in spontaneously breathing animals 7 and 3 days before inoculation and were repeated until 10 DPI. In the early phase after challenge (1-3 DPI), mild hypoxaemia occurred, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in both tidal and alveolar volumes (each related to bodyweight, BW). In parallel, expiratory flow rate and specific ventilation (i.e. minute ventilation related to O2 uptake) were significantly increased. Minute and alveolar ventilations (each related to metabolic BW) increased significantly due to higher respiratory rates, lasting until 4 and 5 DPI, respectively. Oxygen uptake was slightly reduced during the first 2 days after challenge, but increased significantly during the recovery phase, from 4 to 8 DPI. No deterioration in respiratory mechanics or acid-base balance was observed. Respiratory infection with 10(10) IFU P. acanthamoebae per calf induced mild respiratory dysfunction, mainly characterised by hypoxaemia. The study's findings do not indicate severe pathophysiological consequences of P. acanthamoebae infection on pulmonary function in the bovine host.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lohr
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A Prohl
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - C Ostermann
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - R Diller
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - G Greub
- Centre for Research on Intracellular Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 48, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Kabalak PA, Esenkaya A. Severe Pneumonia Treated Succesfully with Levofloxacin and Oseltamivir During Flu Epidemic. Turk Thorac J 2016; 17:84-87. [PMID: 29404131 DOI: 10.5578/ttj.17.2.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Viral pneumonia is an important cause of community acquired pneumonias (CAP). It's not only specific to childhood period. Although immunocompromised adults are susceptible; all young and healthy adults are at risk. Viral pneumonias are usually underestimated due to lack of diagnostic modalities so a clinician must be aware of. Co-infection of viruses and bacteria is not uncommon and can be mortal especially in a flu epidemic, therefore, in the absence of diagnostic tools initiating to anti-viral treatment without delay is important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asım Esenkaya
- Clinic of Radiology, Düzce Atatürk State Hospital, Düzce, Turkey
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Joris C, Kourani E, Vermeulen F. [Bronchopulmonary infections caused by atypical pathogens in children : Myth or reality?]. Rev Med Brux 2016; 37:331-337. [PMID: 28525234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae are the most common atypical pathogens seen in respiratory infections in children. Currently, the management of atypical pneumonia due to these pathogens is blurry. The clinical features are hardly specific ; it appears that M. pneumoniae respiratory infect ions are associated with chest pain and the absence of wheezing, however, further confirmations are needed. Hoarseness is frequently seen with C. pneumoniae infection. Co-infections with viruses, bacteria or even between M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae can be frequent. Infection with either of these bacteria seems to increase the incidence of asthma. PCR appears to be the most sensitive and specific for rapid diagnosis of M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae infections, however, it cannot dif ferentiate asymptomatic carriage from infection. Serodiagnosis can be helpful. This requires two serum samples taken with several weeks interval. Macrolides are the classical antibiotics used for treatment of these pathogens. In vivo efficacy of antibiotic treatment of M. pneumoniae remains unclear. Resistance to macrolides in M. pneumoniae treatment has been described. In conclusion, there is still a lack in scientific literature of high level evidences and clear consensus in the management of suspicious infection due to M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Joris
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Erasme, ULB, Route de Lennik 808, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - E Kourani
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Erasme, ULB, Route de Lennik 808, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - F Vermeulen
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Erasme, ULB, Route de Lennik 808, Bruxelles, Belgium
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McConachie EL, Hart KA, Whelchel DD, Schroeder EL, Schott HC, Sanchez S. Pulmonary disease potentially associated with Nicoletella semolina in 3 young horses. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:939-43. [PMID: 24689696 PMCID: PMC4895471 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E L McConachie
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA
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Ibrahim MIM, Abdelrahim HEA, Ab Rahman AF. Cost evaluation of therapeutic drug monitoring of gentamicin at a teaching hospital in Malaysia. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2014; 12:372. [PMID: 24644520 PMCID: PMC3955865 DOI: 10.4321/s1886-36552014000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) makes use of serum drug concentrations as an adjunct to decision-making. Preliminary data in our hospital showed that approximately one-fifth of all drugs monitored by TDM service were gentamicin. OBJECTIVE In this study, we evaluated the costs associated with providing the service in patients with bronchopneumonia and treated with gentamicin. METHODS We retrospectively collected data from medical records of patients admitted to the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over a 5-year period. These patients were diagnosed with bronchopneumonia and were on gentamicin as part of their treatment. Five hospitalisation costs were calculated; (i) cost of laboratory and clinical investigations, (ii) cost associated with each gentamicin dose, (iii) fixed and operating costs of TDM service, (iv) cost of providing medical care, and (v) cost of hospital stay during gentamicin treatment. RESULTS There were 1920 patients admitted with bronchopneumonia of which 67 (3.5%) had TDM service for gentamicin. Seventy-three percent (49/67) patients were eligible for final analysis. The duration of gentamicin therapy ranged from 3 to 15 days. The cost of providing one gentamicin assay was MYR25, and the average cost of TDM service for each patient was MYR104. The average total hospitalisation cost during gentamicin treatment for each patient was MYR442 (1EUR approx. MYR4.02). CONCLUSIONS Based on the hospital perspective, in patients with bronchopneumonia and treated with gentamicin, the provision of TDM service contributes to less than 25% of the total cost of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hisham Elhag Ahmed Abdelrahim
- Health Promotion Department, & Khartoum Medicines Information Centre (KhMIC), General Directorate of Pharmacy, Ministry of Health. Khartoum ( Sudan ).
| | - Ab Fatah Ab Rahman
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia . Pinang ( Malaysia ).
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Merveille AC, Battaille G, Billen F, Deleuze S, Fredholm M, Thomas A, Clercx C, Lequarré AS. Clinical findings and prevalence of the mutation associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia in Old English Sheepdogs. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:771-8. [PMID: 24773602 PMCID: PMC4895470 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is generally a recessively inherited disorder characterized by dysfunction of motile cilia. A mutation in a new causative gene (CCDC39) has been identified in the Old English Sheepdog (OES). Objectives To describe the clinical findings and the molecular changes of affected dogs and estimate the worldwide prevalence of the mutation in a large cohort of OES. Animals 578 OES, including 28 affected and 550 clinically healthy dogs. Methods This retrospective study reviewed the data of OES diagnosed with PCD and OES tested for the mutation. Clinical data including results of physical examination and further investigations were obtained on 11/28 dogs. CCDC39 expression was assessed by qRT‐PCR and Western blot analysis in affected dogs and healthy dogs. DNA was extracted on 561/578 dogs and a genetic test by Taqman technology was developed to genotype the CCDC39 mutation in these dogs. Results Clinical findings were recurrent nasal discharge and cough, pyrexia, leucocytosis, and bronchopneumonia. Ultrastructural defects were characterized by central microtubular abnormalities and decreased number of inner dynein arms (IDAs). Molecular analysis revealed a reduced expression of CCDC39 RNA and an absence of CCDC39 protein in affected dogs compared to healthy dogs. The mutation was more frequent in nonrandomly selected European OES population with a higher proportion of carriers (19%) compared to non‐European dogs (7%). Conclusion and Clinical Importance CCDC39 mutation is dispersed in a worldwide population and is responsible for PCD in this breed. Genetic testing might enable control of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-C Merveille
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Ahmed Abdelrahim HE, Ab Rahman AF, Mohamed Ibrahim MI. Therapeutic drug monitoring of gentamicin in patients with bronchopneumonia: cost considerations and patient outcomes. Eurasian J Med 2012; 44:1-5. [PMID: 25610196 DOI: 10.5152/eajm.2012.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Malaysia, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) service started in the late 1980s. Serum concentration measurements depend on commercially available drug assays, which are costly. In the present study, we attempted to document the impact of TDM service on cost and patient outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the medical records of the patients who were admitted to the hospital over a five-year period, diagnosed with bronchopneumonia and treated with gentamicin. Outcome measures were duration of fever, incidence of nephrotoxicity and length of hospital stay. We calculated the costs of laboratory and clinical investigations, the costs associated with the administration of gentamicin doses, the cost of providing TDM services, the costs associated with medical care by professional staff and the costs of hospital stays during gentamicin treatment. RESULTS Sixty-six patients were found to meet the inclusion criteria (10 patients were provided with TDM service and 56 patients were not). There was no significant difference in the duration of fever or the length of hospital stay during gentamicin therapy between the two groups. Although serum creatinine levels were not checked in all of the patients after gentamicin therapy, the data analysis did not show any cases of nephrotoxicity. There was no significant difference in the costs of laboratory investigations, the total cost of gentamicin therapy and the costs associated with professional staff between the two groups. The cost of the hospital stay during gentamicin therapy and the total cost of hospitalization were significantly higher in the TDM group. CONCLUSION Evaluation in patients with bronchopneumonia shows that TDM in our setting was associated with higher cost; however, we did not observe any significant differences in the clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ab Fatah Ab Rahman
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
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Caremani M, Benci A, Lapini L, Tacconi D, Caremani A, Ciccotosto C, Magnolfi AL. Contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in peripheral lung lesions: A study of 60 cases. J Ultrasound. 2008;11:89-96. [PMID: 23397023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jus.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The authors report their experience in 60 patients with infectious and neoplastic peripheral pulmonary lesions studied by conventional radiology, B-Mode ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT). In view of the particular pulmonary vascularization (consisting of both pulmonary and bronchial arteries) the patients underwent also contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) using a II-generation contrast agent, SonoVue (sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles surrounded by a phospholipid shell). METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, the sensitivity of CEUS reached 95% in the characterization of peripheral pulmonary lesions, which is similar to the sensitivity of CT (97%). The method used in this case-study was free of significant side effects. DISCUSSION This preliminary clinical experience seems to confirm the possibility of using SonoVue enhanced US to make a differential diagnosis between infectious and neoplastic lesions based on a qualitative and quantitative assessment, by evaluating the enhancement pattern (homogeneous or inhomogeneous), arrival time of the contrast agent in the lesion, the possibility to identify the pulmonary arteries and time of contrast agent elimination.
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Mayr A. Control of acute virus diseases of calves in the Federal Republic of Germany. Vet Sci Commun 1979; 3:3-19. [PMID: 38624291 PMCID: PMC7088930 DOI: 10.1007/bf02268947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The most important acute viral diseases of calves in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) are:Enzootic bronchopneumoniaBovine viral diarrhoea - mucosal disease (BVD-MD)Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis - infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR-IPV)Rota- and Coronavirus infections The incidence, diagnosis and control of these infections in the FRG are discussed. Stomatitis papulosa and malignant catarrhal fever are also briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mayr
- Institut für Medical Mikrobiologie, Infektions und Seuchenmedizin, Veterinärstrasse 13, D8000 München 22, (Federal Republic of Germany)
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