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Gungor H, Corum O, Durna Corum D, Kumru AS, Yilmaz G, Coskun D, Coskun A, Uney K. Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam following intravenous administration at different doses in sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024; 47:202-207. [PMID: 38033195 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the pharmacokinetic change after intravenous administration of meloxicam at doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg to sheep. The study was carried out on six Akkaraman sheep. Meloxicam was administered intravenously to each sheep at 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg doses in a longitudinal pharmacokinetic design with a 15-day washout period. Plasma concentrations of meloxicam were determined using the high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet, and pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by non-compartmental analysis. Meloxicam was detected up to 48 h in the 0.5 mg/kg dose and up to 96 h in the 1 and 2 mg/kg doses. As the dose increased from 0.5 to 2 mg/kg, terminal elimination half-life, and dose normalized area under the concentration versus time curve increased and total clearance decreased. Compared to the 1 mg/kg dose, it was determined that Vdss decreased and C0.083h increased in the 2 mg/kg dose. Meloxicam provided the therapeutic concentration of >0.39 μg/mL reported in other species for 12, 48 and 96 h at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg doses, respectively. These results show that meloxicam exhibits non-linear pharmacokinetics and will achieve unpredictable plasma concentrations when administered IV for a rapid effect at dose of ≥1 mg/kg in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Gungor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkiye
| | - Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkiye
| | - Duygu Durna Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkiye
| | - Alper Serhat Kumru
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkiye
| | - Gökhan Yilmaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkiye
| | - Devran Coskun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkiye
| | - Alparslan Coskun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkiye
| | - Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkiye
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Coskun D, Corum O, Durna Corum D, Uney K. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of meloxicam in Pekin ducks following intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration. Vet Anaesth Analg 2023; 50:477-484. [PMID: 37620232 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of meloxicam following intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and oral administrations at a dose of 1.0 mg kg-1 in Pekin ducks. STUDY DESIGN Randomized experimental trial. ANIMALS A total of 18 clinically healthy male Pekin ducks. METHODS Pekin ducks were randomly assigned to three groups of six ducks: IV, IM and oral. Meloxicam (1.0 mg kg-1) was administered to each Pekin duck. A non-compartmental analysis was used to evaluate pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS No local or systemic adverse effects were observed in any bird. Meloxicam was detected in the plasma up to 120 hours following IV, IM or oral administration. The elimination half-life of the IV route was slightly shorter than that of the IM and oral routes (p < 0.05). Following IV administration, volume of distribution at steady state and total clearance were 133.17 mL kg-1 and 6.68 mL kg-1 hour-1, respectively. The mean absorption time was 2.29 hours for IM and 1.13 hours for oral route. There were significant differences between IM and oral administration for the peak plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax and bioavailability (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Meloxicam showed long elimination half-life and high bioavailability following IM and oral administration. Meloxicam in Pekin ducks provided the effective therapeutic concentration indicated in other species for up to 48 hours. However, there is a need to determine the clinical efficacy of meloxicam in Pekin ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devran Coskun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Siirt, Siirt, Turkiye.
| | - Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Duygu Durna Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkiye
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Chen JC, Yang F, Duan MH, Li ZE, Dai Y, Zhang M, Yang F. Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in pigeons after single intravenous, oral, and intramuscular administration. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102869. [PMID: 37390554 PMCID: PMC10466232 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in pigeons. Twenty-four 7-wk-old meat pigeons (Columba livia) were randomly divided into 3 groups (PO, IM, and IV) and given a single dose of 1 mg/kg body weight of meloxicam. Plasma samples were taken at predetermined times, which were then analyzed using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and subjected to noncompartmental analysis using Phoenix software. Results indicated that meloxicam was absorbed effectively and quickly after PO and IM dosing. Peak concentrations (0.83 ± 0.21 and 1.59 ± 0.49 μg/mL) were achieved at 2 and 0.26 h, respectively, with mean absorption times of 2.56 ± 1.50 and 1.47 ± 0.89 h. Bioavailability was high at 86.31 ± 43.45% and 81.57 ± 52.58%, respectively, and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) was 5.33 ± 2.68 and 5.03 ± 3.26 h·µg/mL. After IV administration, the elimination was faster with a total body clearance (CL) of 188.75 ± 83.23 mL/h/kg, an elimination half-life (t1/2λz) of 1.76 ± 0.56 h, and a volume of distribution at steady-state (VSS) of 427.50 ± 188.43 mL/kg. Considering the lack of a precise analgesic threshold of meloxicam in pigeons and the notable differences in its analgesic threshold among various animal species, formulating a dosing regimen in pigeons presented a significant challenge. Based on the previous analgesic threshold (3.5 μg/mL) in parrots, a higher dose (e.g., 2 mg/kg) or shorter dosing interval (e.g., every 6 h) is recommended for treating pain in pigeons. Nonetheless, further pharmacodynamic research is required to verify these recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Cheng Chen
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ming-Hui Duan
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ze-En Li
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
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Ruden RM, Adelman JS. Modulating disease phenotype in a songbird: A role for inflammation in disease tolerance? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:83-91. [PMID: 36127806 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individual animals vary greatly in their responses to infection, either killing off the invading pathogen (resistance) or minimizing the per-pathogen costs of infection on host fitness (tolerance). Though we understand little about the physiological drivers of tolerance in wild animals, phenotypically, it manifests as milder clinical signs of disease. Here, we use a well-described disease system, finch mycoplasmosis, to evaluate the role of inflammation in disease tolerance. House finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) infected with the bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) develop conjunctival pathology that satisfies the cardinal signs of inflammation. We report on a captive trial performed in 2016 and replicated in 2018 that tested whether chemotherapeutics, specifically nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can reduce lesion severity, thus pushing individuals toward more tolerant phenotypes. Though birds treated with NSAIDs in the first trial developed milder pathology per unit pathogen load, we found no effect of treatment in the second trial, perhaps due to natural variation in baseline tolerance within the source population across years. Second-trial control birds developed markedly milder pathology than first-year controls, suggesting that the effect of trial swamped the effect of treatment in this study. Moving forward, using birds from a population in which the disease is absent or only recently emerged-and so tolerance has not yet been selected for-may better elucidate the role of pro-inflammatory mediators in disease tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Ruden
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.,Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - James S Adelman
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, Hawkins MG. Treatment of Pain in Birds. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023; 26:83-120. [PMID: 36402490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the current understanding of evidence-based clinical analgesic use in birds. The field of avian analgesia has dramatically expanded during the last 20 years, affording more options for alleviating both acute and chronic pain. These options include opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, local anesthetics, and/or other drugs like gabapentin, amantadine, and cannabinoids, acting at different points in the nociceptive system thereby helping to provide greater pain relief while reducing the risk of adverse effects when combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Michelle G Hawkins
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Houck EL, Petritz OA, Chen LR, Fletcher OJ, Thomson AE, Flammer K. Clinicopathologic, Gross Necropsy, and Histopathologic Effects of High-Dose, Repeated Meloxicam Administration in Rhode Island Red Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). J Avian Med Surg 2022; 36:128-139. [DOI: 10.1647/20-00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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PHARMACOKINETICS OF MELOXICAM AFTER A SINGLE 1.5 MG/KG INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION TO NURSEHOUND SHARKS ( SCYLIORHINUS STELLARIS) AND ITS EFFECTS ON HEMATOLOGY AND PLASMA BIOCHEMISTRY. J Zoo Wildl Med 2022; 53:393-401. [PMID: 35758581 DOI: 10.1638/2021-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A single-dose meloxicam pharmacokinetic (PK) study was performed with eight clinically healthy nursehound sharks (Scyliorhinus stellaris) maintained under human care. Meloxicam was administered IM at a dosage of 1.5 mg/kg to six animals; two animals were administered elasmobranch physiological saline solution (EPSS) IM as a negative control group. Blood samples were obtained prior to and at 12 predetermined times during the first 36 h after administration. Effects on hematology and plasma biochemistry were compared prior to and 24 h after administration. No animal died or showed clinical signs during the study. A significant increase in creatinine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase was found in both EPSS and meloxicam groups and could be considered a direct consequence of sampling and handling required for the PK study. Observed mean time to maximum plasma concentration ± SEM was 2.58 ± 0.47 h and observed mean maximum plasma concentration ± SEM was 806 ± 66 ng/ml; mean terminal half-life ± SEM was 15.97 ± 1.20 h; mean residency time ± SEM was 23.40 ± 2.25 h. Area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve extrapolated to infinity ± SEM was 15.52 ± 1.70 h·µg/ml. This study suggests that meloxicam 1.5 mg/kg IM in nursehound sharks is likely to result in clinically relevant plasma levels for periods of 24 h without producing significant alterations in blood analytics, although further PK studies with meloxicam IV in sharks are needed. Future PK and pharmacodynamic studies with different drugs and doses are needed in elasmobranchs to establish safe and effective treatment protocols.
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Soh HY, Tan PXY, Ng TTM, Chng HT, Xie S. A Critical Review of the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety Data of Antibiotics in Avian Species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060741. [PMID: 35740148 PMCID: PMC9219738 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In avian medicine, the use of antibiotic dosing regimens based on species-specific pharmacological studies is ideal. However, due to a lack of such studies, dose extrapolation, which may cause inefficacy and toxicity, is common practice. Multiple searches were performed using the PubMed and Web of Science databases to extract relevant pharmacological studies performed in exotic avian species. The pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety data of the selected antibiotics (enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, ceftiofur, doxycycline, and amoxicillin/clavulanate) from these studies were reviewed. This review aimed to identify trends amenable for safe inter-species dose extrapolation and provide updated findings on dosing regimens that are safe and efficacious for various exotic avian species. We observed that the half-life of antibiotics appears to be shorter in the common ostrich and that amikacin may be amenable to inter-species dose extrapolation as it is safe and shows little inter-species PK and PD variation. Species-specific enrofloxacin dosing regimens that were not listed in the Exotic Animal Formulary (5th ed.) were found for Caribbean flamingos, African penguins, southern crested caracaras, common ostriches, and greater rheas. Specific dosing regimens recommended for psittacine birds (doxycycline 130 mg/kg medicated water) and ratites (PO doxycycline 2–3.5 mg/kg q12 h, PO enrofloxacin 1.5–2.5 mg/kg q12 h and IM enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg q12 h) in the formulary may not be effective in budgerigars and common ostriches, respectively. Apart from the lack of species-specific pharmacological studies, a lack of multiple dose studies was also noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yun Soh
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore; (H.Y.S.); (P.X.Y.T.)
| | - Prisca Xin Yi Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore; (H.Y.S.); (P.X.Y.T.)
| | - Tao Tao Magdeline Ng
- National University of Singapore Libraries, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119275, Singapore;
| | - Hui Ting Chng
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore; (H.Y.S.); (P.X.Y.T.)
- Correspondence: (H.T.C.); (S.X.); Tel.: +65-6601-1058 (H.T.C.)
| | - Shangzhe Xie
- Mandai Wildlife Group, Conservation, Research, and Veterinary Department, Singapore 259569, Singapore
- Correspondence: (H.T.C.); (S.X.); Tel.: +65-6601-1058 (H.T.C.)
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9
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Morón-Elorza P, Cañizares-Cooz D, Rojo-Solis C, Álvaro-Álvarez T, Valls-Torres M, García-Párraga D, Encinas T. Pharmacokinetics of the Anti-Inflammatory Drug Meloxicam after Single 1.5 mg/kg Intramuscular Administration to Undulate Skates (Raja undulata). Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050216. [PMID: 35622744 PMCID: PMC9147581 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapy database currently used in elasmobranchs is still mostly based on empirical data, and there are few efficacy and safety studies supporting clinical practice. In this study, meloxicam pharmacokinetics (PK) were evaluated after a single 1.5 mg/kg IM administration to a group of seven clinically healthy adult undulate skates (Raja undulata Lacepède, 1802). Blood samples were collected before administration and at 15, 30, 60 and 90 min and 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after the IM injection. The meloxicam concentrations in plasma were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, and PK parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental model approach. The mean ± SEM values of the main PK values were 1.84 ± 0.31 μg/mL for peak plasma concentration, 1.5 ± 0.24 h for time to maximum plasma concentration, 11.43 ± 2.04 h·µg/mL for area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve, 3.55 ± 0.65 h for elimination half-life, and 5.37 ± 0.94 h for mean residency time. No adverse reactions were detected. The relatively high plasma concentration and short time to maximum plasma concentration suggest that meloxicam could turn into an efficient analgesic and anti-inflammatory candidate drug to be used in skates. Further efficacy, pharmacodynamic, and multiple-dose studies with meloxicam are needed in elasmobranchs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Morón-Elorza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.-C.); (T.E.)
- Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic) 1B, 46013 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela Cañizares-Cooz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.-C.); (T.E.)
| | - Carlos Rojo-Solis
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic) 1B, 46013 Valencia, Spain; (C.R.-S.); (T.Á.-Á.); (M.V.-T.)
| | - Teresa Álvaro-Álvarez
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic) 1B, 46013 Valencia, Spain; (C.R.-S.); (T.Á.-Á.); (M.V.-T.)
| | - Mónica Valls-Torres
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic) 1B, 46013 Valencia, Spain; (C.R.-S.); (T.Á.-Á.); (M.V.-T.)
| | - Daniel García-Párraga
- Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic) 1B, 46013 Valencia, Spain;
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic) 1B, 46013 Valencia, Spain; (C.R.-S.); (T.Á.-Á.); (M.V.-T.)
| | - Teresa Encinas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.-C.); (T.E.)
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Cetin G, Corum O, Corum DD, Atik O, Altan F, Turk E, Tekeli IO, Faki HE, Uney K. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous meloxicam, ketoprofen and tolfenamic acid in chukar partridge ( Alectoris chukar). Br Poult Sci 2021; 63:14-20. [PMID: 34633873 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1990211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam (MLX, 1 mg/kg body weight (BW)), ketoprofen (KETO, 2 mg/kg BW), and tolfenamic acid (TA, 2 mg/kg BW) in chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) following intravenous (IV) administration.2. Twenty-four healthy chukar partridges were randomly divided into three equal groups (n = 8) as MLX, KETO and TA. Plasma concentrations of MLX, KETO and TA were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection and analysed using non-compartmental analysis.3. No adverse effects were determined in chukar partridges after IV administration of MLX, KETO and TA. MLX, KETO and TA were detected in plasma up to 10, 12 and 12 h, respectively. The terminal elimination half-life of MLX, KETO and TA was 1.22, 1.77 and 1.95 h, respectively. MLX, KETO and TA exhibited volumes of distribution at a steady-state of 0.03, 0.23 and 0.41 l/kg BW, respectively. The total plasma clearance of MLX, KETO and TA was 0.02, 0.11 and 0.15 l/h/kg, respectively. The extraction ratios for MLX, KETO and TA were calculated as 0.002, 0.011 and 0.016, respectively.4. MLX, KETO and TA offer treatment in chukar partridges for various conditions with an absence of adverse reactions and properties such as short elimination half-life and low volume of distribution. However, there is a need to establish the safety and adverse effects of repeated administration, pharmacokinetics of other administration routes and pharmacological efficacy of MLX, KETO and TA in chukar partridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cetin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Erzincan Binali Yıldırım, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - O Corum
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculties of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - D D Corum
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculties of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - O Atik
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculties of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - F Altan
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculties of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - E Turk
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculties of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey
| | - I O Tekeli
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculties of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey
| | - H E Faki
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculties of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - K Uney
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculties of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
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Turk E, Tekeli IO, Corum O, Durna Corum D, Kirgiz FC, Cetin G, Arslan Atessahin D, Uney K. Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam, carprofen, and tolfenamic acid after intramuscular and oral administration in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 44:388-396. [PMID: 33846990 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam (MLX), carprofen (CRP), and tolfenamic acid (TA) in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) following intramuscular (IM) and oral administration at doses of 1, 10, and 2 mg/kg, respectively. A total of 72 quails were randomly divided into 3 equal groups as MLX, CRP, and TA. Each group was separated into two sub-groups that received IM and oral administration of each drug. Plasma concentrations of MLX, CRP, and TA were determined using HPLC-UV and analyzed by non-compartmental method. The t1/2ʎz and MRT of MLX, CRP, and TA after oral administration were similar to those after IM administration. The Vdarea /F of MLX, CRP, and TA after IM administration was 0.28, 2.05, and 0.20 L/kg. The Cl/F of MLX, CRP, and TA after IM administration was 0.12, 0.19, and 0.09 L/h/kg. MLX, CRP, and TA after oral administration showed significantly lower Cmax and longer Tmax compared with IM administration. The relative bioavailability of MLX, CRP, and TA following oral administration in quails was 76.13%, 61.46%, and 57.32%, respectively. The IM and oral route of MLX, CRP, and TA can be used for the treatment of various conditions in quails. However, further research is necessary to determine the pharmacodynamics and safety of MLX, CRP, and TA before use in quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdinc Turk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ozan Tekeli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Duygu Durna Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ceren Kirgiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Gul Cetin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Erzincan Binali Yıldırım, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Dilek Arslan Atessahin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cankiri Karatekin, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
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