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Andreou AP, Fuccaro M, Lambru G. The role of erenumab in the treatment of migraine. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2020; 13:1756286420927119. [PMID: 32523630 PMCID: PMC7257830 DOI: 10.1177/1756286420927119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been the
first class of specifically developed preventive treatments for migraine.
Clinical trials data suggest superiority of the CGRP mAbs to placebo in terms of
prevention of migraine symptoms, migraine-specific quality of life and headache
related disability. Treatment-related side effects overall did not differ
significantly from placebo and discontinuation rate due to side effects has been
low across the clinical trials, perhaps in view of their peripheral mode of
action. Along with their route and frequency of administration, these novel
class of drugs may constitute an improvement compared with the established
arsenal of migraine treatments. Erenumab is a fully human antibody and the only
mAb acting on the CGRP pathway by blocking its receptor. It is the first of the
CGRP mAb class approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (May 2018) and
the European Medicines Agency (July 2018). Erenumab exists in two different
doses (70 mg and 140 mg) and it is administered with monthly subcutaneous
injections. This review summarises erenumab pharmacological characteristics,
clinical trials data, focusing on the potential role of this treatment in
clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Andreou
- The Headache Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Matteo Fuccaro
- Department of Neurology, Treviso Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giorgio Lambru
- The Headache Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
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Fujii T, Kitamura Y, Mizuguchi H, Okamoto K, Sanada N, Yamada T, Sugiyama M, Michinaga S, Kitayama M, Fukui H, Takeda N. Effects of irradiation with narrowband-ultraviolet B on up-regulation of histamine H 1 receptor mRNA and induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells and nasal mucosa of rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 138:54-62. [PMID: 30301597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Narrowband-ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy is used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Previously, we reported that irradiation with 200 mJ/cm2 of 310 nm NB-UVB suppressed phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced up-regulation of histamine H1 receptor (H1R) gene expression without induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells. However, the effect of NB-UVB irradiation on nasal symptoms is still unclear. Here, we show that low dose irradiation with 310 nm NB-UVB alleviates nasal symptoms in toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI)-sensitized allergy model rats. Irradiation with 310 nm NB-UVB suppressed PMA-induced H1R mRNA up-regulation in HeLa cells dose-dependently at doses of 75-200 mJ/cm2 and reversibly at a dose of 150 mJ/cm2 without induction of apoptosis. While, at doses of more than 200 mJ/cm2, irradiation with 310 nm NB-UVB induced apoptosis. Western blot analysis showed that the suppressive effect of NB-UVB irradiation on H1R gene expression was through the inhibition of ERK phosphorylation. In TDI-sensitized rat, intranasal irradiation with 310 nm NB-UVB at an estimated dose of 100 mJ/cm2 once a day for three days suppressed TDI-induced sneezes and up-regulation of H1R mRNA in nasal mucosa without induction of apoptosis. These findings suggest that repeated intranasal irradiation with low dose of NB-UVB could be clinically used as phototherapy of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Fujii
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kitamura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okamoto
- Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Nanae Sanada
- Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan; Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Manabu Sugiyama
- Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shotaro Michinaga
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Mika Kitayama
- Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fukui
- Molecular Studies for Incurable Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Noriaki Takeda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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Matsumoto Y, Yokoi H, Kimura T, Matsumoto Y, Kawada M, Arae K, Nakae S, Ikeda T, Matsumoto K, Sakurai H, Saito K. Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Is Involved in the Establishment of Allergic Rhinitis in Mice. Laryngoscope 2018; 128:E377-E384. [PMID: 30151920 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a neuropeptide that targets transmembrane-type receptors. Its role in allergic rhinitis (AR) has yet to be investigated. The present study utilized the nasal mucosa of AR model mice to examine GRP and GRP receptor (GRPR) expression levels, localization, and other factors to evaluate their role in AR pathology. STUDY DESIGN In vivo study in an animal model. METHODS GRP and GRPR expression levels were examined in three different AR models established in BALB/c mice. In addition, a GRPR antagonist (RC-3095) was administered to AR mice to investigate its effect. The distribution of GRPR expression on mast cells in the nasal mucosa with AR was examined. Finally, we investigated the inhibitory effect of RC-3095 on allergy symptoms induced by histamine. RESULTS GRP and GRPR were highly expressed in the nasal mucosal epithelium and interstitial tissues surrounding the nasal glands in AR groups according to immunostaining. GRP and GRPR expression as determined by western blotting increased in the nasal mucosa as the degree of nasal sensitization increased. In addition, the average counts of sneezing and nasal rubbing after treatment in the AR + RC-3095 group were significantly lower than those in the AR + nasal saline group. Mast cells often colocalized with GRPR around nasal glands. Moreover, RC-3095 was effective in reducing sneezing induced by histamine. CONCLUSION The GRP-GRPR system is likely to be involved in allergic inflammation. This system may represent a novel therapeutic target for refractory AR. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, E377-E384, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Matsumoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yokoi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Matsumoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michitsugu Kawada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Arae
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikeda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakurai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Saito
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Kondo E, Jinnouchi O, Ohnishi H, Kawata I, Takeda N. [Aural Stimulation with Capsaicin Ointment Improved the Swallowing Function in Patients with Dysphagia: Evaluation by the SMRC Scale]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 118:1319-26. [PMID: 26827596 DOI: 10.3950/jibiinkoka.118.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cough and swallowing reflexes are important airway-protective mechanisms against aspiration. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, one of the side effects of which is cough, have been reported to reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in hypertensive patients with stroke. ACE inhibitors have also been reported to improve the swallowing function in post-stroke patients. On the other hand, stimulation of the Arnold nerve, the auricular branch of the vagus, triggers the cough reflex (Arnold's ear-cough reflex). Capsaicin, an agonist of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), has been shown to activate the peripheral sensory C-fibers. Stimulation of the sensory branches of the vagus in the laryngotracheal mucosa with capsaicin induces the cough reflex and has been reported to improve the swallowing function in patients with dysphagia. In our previous study, we showed that aural stimulation of the Arnold nerve with 0.025% capsaicin ointment improved the swallowing function, as evaluated by the endoscopic swallowing score, in 26 patients with dysphagia. In the present study, the video images of swallowing recorded in the previous study were re-evaluated using the SMRC scale by an independent otolaryngologist who was blinded to the information about the patients and the endoscopic swallowing score. The SMRC scale is used to evaluate four aspects of the swallowing function: 1) Sensory: the initiation of the swallowing reflex as assessed by the white-out timing; 2) Motion: the ability to hold blue-dyed water in the oral cavity and induce laryngeal elevation; 3) Reflex: glottal closure and the cough reflex induced by touching the epiglottis or arytenoid with the endoscope; 4) Clearance: pharyngeal clearance of the blue-dyed water after swallowing. Accordingly, we demonstrated that a single application of capsaicin ointment to the external auditory canal of patients with dysphagia significantly improved the R, but not the S, M or C scores, and this effect lasted for 60 min. After repeated aural stimulation with the ointment for 7 days, the R score improved significantly in patients with severe dysphagia. The present findings suggest that stimulation of the Arnold's branch of the vagus in the external auditory canal with capsaicin improves the glottal closure and cough reflex in patients with dysphagia. Thus, aural stimulation with capsaicin represents a novel treatment for dysphagia. It is also suggested that repeated alternative aural stimulation with capsaicin for a week, rather than a single application, is needed to improve the swallowing function in patients with severe dysphagia. By the same mechanism as that underlying the effect of ACE inhibitors, aural stimulation with capsaicin may reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in patients with dysphagia.
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Kuroda W, Kitamura Y, Mizuguchi H, Miyamoto Y, Kalubi B, Fukui H, Takeda N. Combination of leukotoriene receptor antagonist with antihistamine has an additive suppressive effect on the up-regulation of H1-receptor mRNA in the nasal mucosa of toluene 2,4-diisocyanate-sensitized rat. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 122:55-8. [PMID: 23615224 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12250sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An attempt was made to clarify the additive suppressive effects of pranlukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene-receptor (LTR) antagonist, in combination with chlorpheniramine, an antihistamine, on the up-regulation of histamine H1-receptor (H1R) mRNA in toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI)-sensitized rats. Although pre-treatment with pranlukast partially, but significantly, suppressed TDI-induced up-regulation of H1R mRNA and nasal symptoms, pre-treatment with the combination of pranlukast and chlorpheniramine significantly suppressed them in a manner greater than either drug alone. These findings suggest that the additive therapeutic effect of the combination of LTR antagonist and antihistamine is due to their additive suppression of H1R up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Kuroda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
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Abstract
Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common diseases to affect humans. It is important to note that it is an immunological disease which is associated with significant changes in the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. Clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis include sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, and nasal congestion. The mechanism underlying the development of symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis are complex, including activation and infiltration of inflammatory cells, edema, increased and altered gland activity, nerve terminal activation, triggering of neurogenic inflammation and morphologically detectable remodelling processes in the mucous membrane. Finally, a systematic activation of immune processes also takes place. Thus, allergic rhinitis is clearly a serious disease requiring prompt and effective treatment; moreover, it has been unjustly trivialized to date, not least because of its high incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Klimek
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie, Wiesbaden, Deutschland.
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Das AK, Mizuguchi H, Kodama M, Dev S, Umehara H, Kitamura Y, Matsushita C, Takeda N, Fukui H. Sho-seiryu-to suppresses histamine signaling at the transcriptional level in TDI-sensitized nasal allergy model rats. Allergol Int 2009; 58:81-8. [PMID: 19050374 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.o-07-526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic use of Kampo medicine, Sho-seiryu-to (SST) in allergic disorders is well known. As histamine plays a central role in allergic diseases, it is possible that SST affects the allergy-related histamine signaling. In this study, we investigated the effect of SST on allergy-related histamine signaling in the nasal mucosa of toluene 2, 4-diisocyanate (TDI)-sensitized nasal allergy model rats. METHODS Six-week-old male, Brown Norway rats were sensitized for 2 weeks with 10 microl of 10% TDI, and after a 1 week interval, provocation was initiated with the same amount of TDI. SST (0.6g/rat) was given orally 1 hour before TDI treatment began for a period of 3 weeks. Nasal symptoms were scored for 10 minutes immediately after TDI-provocation. The genes expression in nasal mucosa was determined using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS SST significantly suppressed TDI-induced nasal allergy-like symptoms. TDI provocation showed a significant up-regulation of histamine H(1) receptor (H1R) and histidine decarboxylase (HDC) gene expressions. Prolonged pre-treatment of SST significantly suppressed the mRNA levels of H1R and HDC that was up-regulated by TDI. SST also suppressed TDI-induced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 mRNA elevation. However, SST showed no significant effect for TDI-induced mRNA elevation of IL-13. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that SST alleviates nasal symptoms by the inhibition of histamine signaling through suppression of TDI-induced H1R and HDC gene up-regulation. SST also suppresses cytokine signaling through suppression of IL-4 and IL-5 gene expression. Suppression of histamine signaling may be a novel mechanism of SST in preventing allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish Kumar Das
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Health-Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Effect of olopatadine hydrochloride, an anti-histamine drug, on rhinitis induced by intranasal instillation of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:916-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Heppt W, Dinh QT, Cryer A, Zweng M, Noga O, Peiser C, Melvan M, Witt C, Fischer A, Groneberg DA. Phenotypic alteration of neuropeptide-containing nerve fibres in seasonal intermittent allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34:1105-10. [PMID: 15248857 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common allergic disease affecting the respiratory tract. Next to inflammatory changes, the airway innervation plays an important modulatory role in the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVE To examine the participation of different neuropeptides in the human nasal mucosa of intermittent (seasonal) AR tissues in the allergic season. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) was related to the characterization of inflammatory cells in tissues of patients with seasonal AR (n=18). RESULTS While there was a significant increase in the number of eosinophils present if compared with a control group, no changes occurred in mast cell numbers. Immunostaining was abundantly found in different nerve fibre populations of both groups. SP expression was significantly increased in mucosal nerve fibres of patients with intermittent (seasonal) AR. Also, significantly increased numbers of VIP- and NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibres were found in biopsies of rhinitis patients in comparison with sections of normal human nasal mucosa. In contrast, CGRP expression did not change significantly. CONCLUSION The increase of neuropeptide expression in mucosal nerve fibres indicates a major role of the autonomous mucosal innervation in the pathophysiology of intermittent (seasonal) AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Heppt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karlsruhe Teaching Hospital, University of Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Malis DD, Rist B, Nicoucar K, Beck-Sickinger AG, Morel DR, Lacroix JS. Modulatory effect of two novel CGRP receptor antagonists on nasal vasodilatatory responses to exogenous CGRP, capsaicin, bradykinin and histamine in anaesthetised pigs. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 2001; 101:101-8. [PMID: 11495685 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(01)00275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid peptide and potent vasodilatator agent located in sensory C fibres. Several functional studies suggest that CGRP could be involved in the vasodilatation of different vascular beds during neurogenic inflammation. We have studied, in pentobarbital anaesthetised pigs, the antagonistic effect of local intra-arterial (i.a.) pretreatment with the analogues CGRP 8-37, [D31, P34, F35]CGRP 27-37 and [N31, P34, F35]CGRP 27-37 on the vasodilatation of the nasal vascular bed induced by exogenous CGRP, capsaicin, bradykinin (BK) and histamine. The attenuating effect of CGRP 8-37 analogue on exogenous CGRP-induced vasodilatation, previously described in other in vivo animal models, was confirmed in the pig nasal mucosa. It also interfered with BK-and, to a lesser extent, with capsaicin-and histamine-induced decrease in vascular resistance. CGRP 27-37 analogues reduced the duration of CGRP-, capsaicin- and BK-induced vasodilatation by more than 50%. Peak values of vasodilatation were attenuated by more than 25% overall. Attenuation of histamine-induced decrease in vascular resistance was less pronounced. It is concluded that CGRP 27-37 analogues antagonise the action of exogenous CGRP, capsaicin, BK and histamine by attenuating their vasodilatation effect, both in intensity and duration. These results strongly suggest that BK- and histamine-induced vasodilatation is partly mediated by CGRP. CGRP 8-37 and 27-37 appear to be potential contributors to the study of CGRP and its physiological role in neurogenic inflammation. In addition, they may have putative therapeutic applications in the treatment of rhinitic patients suffering from chronic nasal obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Malis
- Laboratory of Experimental Rhinology, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kitanaka J, Kitanaka N, Tsujimura T, Kakihana M, Terada N, Takemura M. Guinea pig histamine N-methyltransferase: cDNA cloning and mRNA distribution. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 2001; 85:105-8. [PMID: 11243563 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.85.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We report here the isolation of histamine N-methyltransferase (HMT) cDNA from the guinea pig brain by the polymerase chain reaction on the basis of nucleotide sequences of rat and human counterparts. Guinea pig HMT consists of 292 amino acids, with homologies of 75.6% and 79.1% to rat and human HMT, respectively. Northern blotting analysis indicated that the 1.6-kb guinea pig HMT transcript was expressed at various levels in different tissues at the following relative abundance: jejunum, brain > lung, spleen, stomach > liver, kidney. HMT mRNA localized throughout the jejunum, and it was mainly expressed in epithelial cells and in Auerbach's plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kitanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Undem
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine at the Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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Malis DD, Grouzmann E, Morel DR, Mutter M, Lacroix JS. Influence of TASP-V, a novel neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 agonist, on nasal and bronchial responses evoked by histamine in anaesthetized pigs and in humans. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 126:989-96. [PMID: 10193779 PMCID: PMC1571223 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. In nine anaesthetized pigs we have studied the influence of intranasal or intrabronchial pretreatment with TASP-V, a neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 agonist formed by the attachment of NPY 21-36 to a template-assembled synthetic peptide (TASP), on the functional responses to subsequent intranasal or intrabronchial histamine challenge. 2. In a parallel study, subjective and objective nasal airway resistance (NAR) increase following intranasal histamine challenge was evaluated in 11 healthy volunteers after TASP-V or placebo pretreatment. 3. In pigs, increase in sphenopalatine blood flow induced by histamine dihydrochloride nasal spray (0.25 mg kg(-1) in 3 ml of saline) was significantly reduced by 65% (P<0.05) following intranasal pretreatment with 10 microg kg(-1) of TASP-V. Bronchoconstriction induced by histamine dihydrochloride nebulization (0.5 mg kg(-1) in 3 ml of saline) was significantly attenuated by 25 and 55% following aerosolized pretreatment with TASP-V analogue at 10 and 20 microg kg(-1), respectively. 4. In healthy volunteers, objective increase in NAR and reduction in nasal minimal cross section area (MCSA) induced by intranasal spray of histamine dihydrochloride (15 microg kg(-1) in 200 microl of saline) were significantly attenuated by 50% following local pretreatment with 1.275 microg kg(-1) of TASP-V when compared with saline. 5. It is concluded that intranasal or intrabronchial pretreatment with TASP-V reduced nasal obstruction and bronchoconstriction evoked by histamine challenge in the pig. In healthy human volunteers, this agent attenuated NAR increase and MCSA reduction induced by intranasal application of histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Malis
- Laboratory of Experimental Rhinology, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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Figueroa JM, Mansilla E, Suburo AM. Innervation of nasal turbinate blood vessels in rhinitic and nonrhinitic children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157:1959-66. [PMID: 9620933 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.157.6.9709019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An immunohistochemical study of the nasal mucosa was done in pediatric patients attending an otorhinolaringology (ORL) clinic. The goal was a comparison between vascular innervation in patients with or without symptoms of chronic rhinitis. All patients had an indication for tonsillectomy prior to their inclusion in this study. Samples were obtained under general anesthesia at the time of programmed surgery and fixed in a paraformaldehyde-picric acid mixture. Cryostat sections were immunostained for the following neuronal markers: protein-gene product 9.5 (PGP), calcitonin gene- related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and C-terminal peptide of neuropeptide Y (CPON). The following classes of vessels were identified: arteries, sinusoids, veins, and arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs). As shown by immunostaining with the general neuronal marker PGP, each vessel type had a characteristic innervation pattern, differing in the amount of fibers and their distribution within the adventitial and muscle layers. Evaluation of PGP, CPON, and CGRP immunoreactivity patterns indicated that rhinitic arteries and AVAs displayed a richer innervation than did nonrhinitic blood vessels. Quantification of vascular PGP immunostaining confirmed the difference of vascular innervation between nonrhinitic and rhinitic patients. Fibers immunostained by CPON partially accounted for the rhinitic arterial hyperinnervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Figueroa
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Hospital Escuela José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Hunter DD, Dey RD. Identification and neuropeptide content of trigeminal neurons innervating the rat nasal epithelium. Neuroscience 1998; 83:591-9. [PMID: 9460765 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Trigeminal ganglia provides sensory innervation to the rat nasal cavity. The purpose of this study was to identify the location and characterize the neuropeptide content of trigeminal neurons that project specifically to the rat nasal epithelium. The right nasal cavity was instilled with 4 microliters of rhodamine-labelled latex microspheres. Seven, 10 or 14 days after tracer instillation, both trigeminal ganglia were removed and prepared for substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunocyto-chemistry. neurons labelled with microspheres were located in the trigeminal ganglia at the division of the ophthalmic and maxillary nerves and were only found on the side ipsilateral to the instillation. The percentage of labelled cell body profiles in the right trigeminal ganglia averaged 1.61 +/- .04% at seven days. 1.54 +/- .01% at 10 days, and 1.65 +/- .02% at 14 days after instillation. These values were not statistically different, but the fluorescence intensity in labelled neurons was increased after 14 days. The right trigeminal ganglia contained a mean of 166 +/- 13.81 labelled cell body profiles representing 1.60 +/- .09% of the total. Of the labelled profiles, 81.6 +/- 3.27% were immunoreactive for substance P and 35.2 +/- 4.00% for calcitonin gene-related peptide. Sections of nasal mucosa showed that the microspheres were localized only in the epithelial layer and did not enter the lamina propria indicating that the microsphere transport was confined to nerve fibres present in the epithelial layer. These studies have identified specific neurons in the trigeminal ganglia that project to the nasal epithelium. Most of the neurons retrogradely labelled from the nasal cavity contained substance P but some contained calcitonin gene-related peptide, suggesting that the nasal epithelium is predominantly targeted by substance P-containing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Hunter
- Department of Anatomy, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown 26506-9128, USA
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Dietary nucleoside-nucleotide mixture aggravates nasal allergic responses induced by toluene diisocyanate in mice. Nutr Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(97)00154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Scheerens H, Buckley TL, Muis T, Van Loveren H, Nijkamp FP. The involvement of sensory neuropeptides in toluene diisocyanate-induced tracheal hyperreactivity in the mouse airways. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 119:1665-71. [PMID: 8982516 PMCID: PMC1915788 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb16087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Recently, we developed a murine model to investigate toluene diisocyanate (%DI)-induced occupational asthma. After skin-sensitization and intranasal challenge with TDI (1%) mice exhibited tracheal hyperreactivity 24 h after the challenge. 2. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible role for sensory neuropeptides in the development of this tracheal hyperreactivity. 3. First, we demonstrated that direct application of TDI in vitro induced the release of tachykinins from the sensory nerves in the mouse isolated trachea. Second, capsaicin pretreatment, resulting in the depletion of sensory neuropeptides, completely abolished the TDI-induced tracheal hyperreactivity 24 h after the challenge. Third, the selective neurokinin1 (NK1)-receptor antagonist RP 67580 (0.2 mumol kg-1) also inhibited tracheal hyperreactivity when it was administered before the challenge. However, administration of RP 67580 during the sensitization phase did not result in a suppression of the TDI-induced tracheal hyperreactivity 24 after the challenge. 4. When TDI-sensitized mice were topically challenged with TDI a marked ear swelling response was observed. The cutaneous response after TDI application was not affected by capsaicin pretreatment or RP 67580 administration. 5. These results clearly show that sensory neuropeptides, particularly tachykinins, are essential for the development of TDI-induced tracheal hyperreactivity during the effector phase. The differences between the airways and skin with respect to the sensory neuropeptides is intriguing and could suggest a local action for the tachykinins in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Scheerens
- Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrech Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrech University, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Woodhead
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hull Royal Infirmary, UK
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