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Camargo CHF, Ferreira-Peruzzo SA, Ribas DIR, Franklin GL, Teive HAG. Imbalance and gait impairment in Parkinson's disease: discussing postural instability and ataxia. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:1377-1388. [PMID: 37985635 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Gait and balance difficulties pose significant clinical challenges in Parkinson's disease (PD). The impairment of physiological mechanisms responsible for maintaining natural orthostatism plays a central role in the pathophysiology of postural instability observed in PD. In addition to the well-known rigidity and abnormalities in muscles and joints, various brain regions involved in the regulation of posture, balance, and gait, such as the basal ganglia, cerebellum, and brainstem regions like the pontine peduncle nucleus, are affected in individuals with PD. The recognition of the cerebellum's role in PD has been increasingly acknowledged. Cortical areas and their connections are associated with freezing of gait, a type of frontal lobe ataxia commonly observed in PD. Furthermore, impairments in the peripheral nervous system, including those caused by levodopatherapy, can contribute to gait impairment and imbalance in PD patients. Consequently, individuals with PD may exhibit frontal ataxia, sensory ataxia, and even cerebellar ataxia as underlying causes of gait disturbances and imbalance, starting from the early stages of the disease. The complex interplay between dysfunctional brain regions, impaired cortical connections, and peripheral nervous system abnormalities contributes to the multifaceted nature of gait and balance difficulties in PD. Understanding the intricate mechanisms is crucial for the development of effective therapeutic approaches targeting these specific deficits in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique F Camargo
- Neurological Diseases Group, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 80060-900, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Aparecida Ferreira-Peruzzo
- Neurological Diseases Group, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 80060-900, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Brazil, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Danieli Isabel Romanovitch Ribas
- Neurological Diseases Group, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 80060-900, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Brazil, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gustavo L Franklin
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Hélio A G Teive
- Neurological Diseases Group, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 80060-900, Brazil
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Heß T, Themann P, Oehlwein C, Milani TL. Does Impaired Plantar Cutaneous Vibration Perception Contribute to Axial Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease? Effects of Medication and Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1681. [PMID: 38137129 PMCID: PMC10742284 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether impaired plantar cutaneous vibration perception contributes to axial motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and whether anti-parkinsonian medication and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) show different effects. METHODS Three groups were evaluated: PD patients in the medication "on" state (PD-MED), PD patients in the medication "on" state and additionally "on" STN-DBS (PD-MED-DBS), as well as healthy subjects (HS) as reference. Motor performance was analyzed using a pressure distribution platform. Plantar cutaneous vibration perception thresholds (VPT) were investigated using a customized vibration exciter at 30 Hz. RESULTS Motor performance of PD-MED and PD-MED-DBS was characterized by greater postural sway, smaller limits of stability ranges, and slower gait due to shorter strides, fewer steps per minute, and broader stride widths compared to HS. Comparing patient groups, PD-MED-DBS showed better overall motor performance than PD-MED, particularly for the functional limits of stability and gait. VPTs were significantly higher for PD-MED compared to those of HS, which suggests impaired plantar cutaneous vibration perception in PD. However, PD-MED-DBS showed less impaired cutaneous vibration perception than PD-MED. CONCLUSIONS PD patients suffer from poor motor performance compared to healthy subjects. Anti-parkinsonian medication in tandem with STN-DBS seems to be superior for normalizing axial motor symptoms compared to medication alone. Plantar cutaneous vibration perception is impaired in PD patients, whereas anti-parkinsonian medication together with STN-DBS is superior for normalizing tactile cutaneous perception compared to medication alone. Consequently, based on our results and the findings of the literature, impaired plantar cutaneous vibration perception might contribute to axial motor symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heß
- Department of Human Locomotion, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Peter Themann
- Department of Neurology and Parkinson, Clinic at Tharandter Forest, 09633 Halsbruecke, Germany
| | - Christian Oehlwein
- Neurological Outpatient Clinic for Parkinson Disease and Deep Brain Stimulation, 07551 Gera, Germany
| | - Thomas L. Milani
- Department of Human Locomotion, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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Fadil R, Huether AXA, Sadeghian F, Verma AK, Blaber AP, Lou JS, Tavakolian K. The Effect of Skeletal Muscle-Pump on Blood Pressure and Postural Control in Parkinson's Disease. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2023; 14:755-773. [PMID: 37749359 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-023-00685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activation of the calf (gastrocnemius and soleus) and tibialis anterior muscles play an important role in blood pressure regulation (via muscle-pump mechanism) and postural control. Parkinson's disease is associated with calf (and tibialis anterior muscles weakness and stiffness, which contribute to postural instability and associated falls. In this work, we studied the role of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and soleus muscle contractions in maintaining blood pressure and postural stability in Parkinson's patients and healthy controls during standing. In addition, we investigated whether the activation of the calf and tibialis anterior muscles is baroreflex dependent or postural-mediated. METHODS We recorded electrocardiogram, blood pressure, center of pressure as a measure of postural sway, and muscle activity from the medial and lateral gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and soleus muscles from twenty-six Parkinson's patients and eighteen sex and age-matched healthy controls during standing and with eyes open. The interaction and bidirectional causalities between the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and postural variables were studied using wavelet transform coherence and convergent cross-mapping techniques, respectively. RESULTS Parkinson's patients experienced a higher postural sway and demonstrated mechanical muscle-pump dysfunction of all individual leg muscles, all of which contribute to postural instability. Moreover, our results showed that coupling between the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and postural variables is affected by Parkinson's disease while the contribution of the calf and tibialis anterior muscles is greater for blood pressure regulation than postural sway. CONCLUSION The outcomes of this study could assist in the development of appropriate physical exercise programs that target lower limb muscles to improve the muscle-pump function and reduce postural instability in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabie Fadil
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Asenath X A Huether
- Parkinson Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Farshid Sadeghian
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Ajay K Verma
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Andrew P Blaber
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Jau-Shin Lou
- Parkinson Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, USA
| | - Kouhyar Tavakolian
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of North Dakota, 243 Centennial Drive, Upson Hall II, Room 11, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
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Silvia Aparecida FP, Carlos Henrique Ferreira C, Marise Bueno Z, Pessoa Renata R, Renato Puppi M, Hélio Afonso Ghizoni T. Static posturography analysis for postural instability in patients with Parkinson's disease. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37873603 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2273765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is initially characterized by a rigid-akinetic syndrome and later by the development of postural instability. This condition often leads to balance impairments, potentially resulting in postural deformities and foot asymmetry. This study aimed to assess balance changes in PD patients. METHODS We evaluated 56 PD patients and 30 controls using static posturography. The variables examined included foot type, the primary region of body weight distribution on the plantar surface, statokinesigram (center of pressure [COP]), and stabilogram (COP in the X- and Y-axes). RESULTS PD patients exhibited a high prevalence of pes cavus (92.8%) (p < 0.001) and greater weight distribution toward the hindfoot. In all assessments, COP sway areas were significantly larger in PD patients (p < 0.001). The total COP area increased in the non-fall group during the foot parallel assessment and in the X-axis in the fall group with eyes open (p = 0.046) and closed (p = 0.023). Significant correlations between body weight discharge on the plantar area and COP sway were observed, particularly in the non-postural instability group in the COP X-axis with feet parallel and eyes open on the more rigid limb and in the postural instability group in the Y-axis with feet parallel and eyes open on the more rigid limb and with eyes closed bilaterally. CONCLUSION Progressive rigidity may disrupt compensatory mechanisms, altering foot morphology, shifting body weight discharge posteriorly, and increasing COP sway. This cascade of events results in impaired balance and an elevated risk of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferreira-Peruzzo Silvia Aparecida
- Neurological Diseases Group, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Brazil, Curitiba, Brazil
- Ergonomics Laboratory, Federal University of Technology of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Camargo Carlos Henrique Ferreira
- Neurological Diseases Group, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Zonta Marise Bueno
- Neurological Diseases Group, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Munhoz Renato Puppi
- Gloria and Morton Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Teive Hélio Afonso Ghizoni
- Neurological Diseases Group, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Curitiba, Brazil
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Heß T, Oehlwein C, Milani TL. Anticipatory Postural Adjustments and Compensatory Postural Responses to Multidirectional Perturbations-Effects of Medication and Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030454. [PMID: 36979264 PMCID: PMC10046463 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural instability is one of the most restricting motor symptoms for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). While medication therapy only shows minor effects, it is still unclear whether medication in conjunction with deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) improves postural stability. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate whether PD patients treated with medication in conjunction with STN-DBS have superior postural control compared to patients treated with medication alone. METHODS Three study groups were tested: PD patients on medication (PD-MED), PD patients on medication and on STN-DBS (PD-MED-DBS), and healthy elderly subjects (HS) as a reference. Postural performance, including anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) prior to perturbation onset and compensatory postural responses (CPR) following multidirectional horizontal perturbations, was analyzed using force plate and electromyography data. RESULTS Regardless of the treatment condition, both patient groups showed inadequate APA and CPR with early and pronounced antagonistic muscle co-contractions compared to healthy elderly subjects. Comparing the treatment conditions, study group PD-MED-DBS only showed minor advantages over group PD-MED. In particular, group PD-MED-DBS showed faster postural reflexes and tended to have more physiological co-contraction ratios. CONCLUSION medication in conjunction with STN-DBS may have positive effects on the timing and amplitude of postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heß
- Department of Human Locomotion, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Christian Oehlwein
- Neurological Outpatient Clinic for Parkinson Disease and Deep Brain Stimulation, 07551 Gera, Germany
| | - Thomas L Milani
- Department of Human Locomotion, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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Fears NE, Templin TN, Sherrod GM, Bugnariu NL, Patterson RM, Miller HL. Autistic Children Use Less Efficient Goal-Directed Whole Body Movements Compared to Neurotypical Development. J Autism Dev Disord 2022:10.1007/s10803-022-05523-0. [PMID: 35441912 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autistic children have differences in their movements which impact their functional performance. Virtual-reality enables researchers to study movement in safe, engaging environments. We used motion-capture to measure how 7-13-year-old autistic and neurotypical children make whole-body movements in a virtual-reality task. Although children in both groups were successful, we observed differences in their movements. Autistic children were less efficient moving to the target. Autistic children did not appear to use a movement strategy. While neurotypical children were more likely to overshoot near targets and undershoot far targets, autistic children did not modulate their strategy. Using kinematic data from tasks in virtual-reality, we can begin to understand the pattern of movement challenges experienced by autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Fears
- School of Health Professions, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 830 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48170, USA
| | - Tylan N Templin
- School of Health Professions, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
- Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd., San Antonio, TX, 78238, USA
| | - Gabriela M Sherrod
- School of Health Professions, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Nicoleta L Bugnariu
- School of Health Professions, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
- School of Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, 155 Fifth St., San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA
| | - Rita M Patterson
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Haylie L Miller
- School of Health Professions, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA.
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 830 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48170, USA.
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de Oliveira CEN, Ribeiro de Souza C, Treza RDC, Hondo SM, Los Angeles E, Bernardo C, Shida TKF, dos Santos de Oliveira L, Novaes TM, de Campos DDSF, Gisoldi E, Carvalho MDJ, Coelho DB. A Public Data Set With Ground Reaction Forces of Human Balance in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:865882. [PMID: 35516808 PMCID: PMC9063313 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.865882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Eunice Neves de Oliveira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | | | - Renata de Castro Treza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Sandy Mikie Hondo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Los Angeles
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Claudionor Bernardo
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thayna Magalhães Novaes
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Gisoldi
- Ambulatório de Distúrbios de Movimento, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Boari Coelho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Daniel Boari Coelho
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Zampogna A, Mileti I, Martelli F, Paoloni M, Del Prete Z, Palermo E, Suppa A. Early balance impairment in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence from Robot-assisted axial rotations. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2422-2430. [PMID: 34454269 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early postural instability (PI) is a red flag for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Several patients, however, fall within the first three years of disease, particularly when turning. We investigated whether PD patients, without clinically overt PI, manifest abnormal reactive postural responses to ecological perturbations resembling turning. METHODS Fifteen healthy subjects and 20 patients without clinically overt PI, under and not under L-Dopa, underwent dynamic posturography during axial rotations around the longitudinal axis, provided by a robotic mechatronic platform. We measured reactive postural responses, including body displacement and reciprocal movements of the head, trunk, and pelvis, by using a network of three wearable inertial sensors. RESULTS Patients showed higher body displacement of the head, trunk and pelvis, and lower joint movements at the lumbo-sacral junction than controls. Conversely, movements at the cranio-cervical junction were normal in PD. L-Dopa left reactive postural responses unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PD without clinically overt PI manifest abnormal reactive postural responses to axial rotations, unresponsive to L-Dopa. The biomechanical model resulting from our experimental approach supports novel pathophysiological hypotheses of abnormal axial rotations in PD. SIGNIFICANCE PD patients without clinically overt PI present subclinical balance impairment during axial rotations, unresponsive to L-Dopa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Zampogna
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mileti
- Mechanical Measurements and Microelectronics (M3Lab) Lab, Engineering Department, University Niccolò Cusano, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Martelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Paoloni
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Zaccaria Del Prete
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Eduardo Palermo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Suppa
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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Chen J, Chien HF, Francato DCV, Barbosa AF, Souza CDO, Voos MC, Greve JMD, Barbosa ER. Effects of resistance training on postural control in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2021; 79:S0004-282X2021005014102. [PMID: 34231653 PMCID: PMC9394568 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural instability affects Parkinson's disease (PD) patients' postural control right from the early stages of the disease. The benefits of resistance training (RT) for balance and functional capacity have been described in the literature, but few studies have been conducted showing its effects on PD patients' postural control. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a three-month RT intervention on static posturography (SP) measurements and clinical functional balance assessment among PD patients. METHODS Seventy-four patients were randomly assigned to a three-month RT intervention consisting of using weightlifting machines at a gym (gym group) or RT consisting of using free weights and elastic bands (freew group), or to a control group. The participants were evaluated at baseline, three months and six months. We evaluated changes of SP measurements under eyes-open, eyes-closed and dual-task conditions (primary endpoint), along with motor performance and balance effects by means of clinical scales, dynamic posturography and perceptions of quality of life (secondary endpoints). RESULTS There were no significant interactions in SP measurements among the groups. Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III) motor scores decreased in both RT groups (p<0.05). Better perceived quality of life for the mobility domain was reported in the gym group while functional balance scores improved in the freew group, which were maintained at the six-month follow-up (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study was not able to detect changes in SP measurements following a three-month RT intervention. Both RT groups of PD patients showed improved motor performance, with positive balance effects in the freew group and better perceived quality of life in the gym group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janini Chen
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia, Clínica de Distúrbios do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Reabilitação em Distúrbios do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Hsin Fen Chien
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia, Clínica de Distúrbios do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Reabilitação em Distúrbios do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Debora Cristina Valente Francato
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia, Clínica de Distúrbios do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Reabilitação em Distúrbios do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Ferreira Barbosa
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Reabilitação em Distúrbios do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional e Fonoaudiologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Oliveira Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia, Clínica de Distúrbios do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Reabilitação em Distúrbios do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Callil Voos
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Reabilitação em Distúrbios do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional e Fonoaudiologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Maria D'Andréa Greve
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Laboratório de Estudo do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Egberto Reis Barbosa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia, Clínica de Distúrbios do Movimento, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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Examining feedback mechanisms of postural control in Chiari Malformation by average wavelet coefficient decomposition and the Hurst exponent. Gait Posture 2021; 88:280-285. [PMID: 34153805 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chiari Malformation (CM) is a congenital disorder occurring when the cerebellar tonsils descend into the foramen magnum, inhibiting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, causing headaches, dizziness, difficulty swallowing, muscle weakness, and loss of neuromuscular coordination. While there is no cure, surgical decompression of the hindbrain is used to alleviate symptoms. Loss of postural control is a main symptom reported by these patients; however, no study has examined postural stability in this cohort of patients. RESEARCH QUESTION Do patients with CM exhibit impaired postural stability compared to healthy controls?. METHODS Twelve female participants diagnosed with CM performed a postural stability test where six participants had undergone decompression (CM-D) surgery while six had not (CM-ND). Participants stood in Romberg fashion on an AMTI force plate according to an IRB-approved protocol. Postural stability measures were quantified by computing Hurst exponents. These values were determined from the Average Wavelet Coefficient method using a level 12 Symlet-2 wavelet to analyze anterior-posterior (AP) center-ofpressure (COP) trajectories in MATLAB. Identical procedures and analyses were performed on healthy control participants with no known neuromuscular disorders. RESULTS CM participants displayed significantly impaired postural stability compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0002). CM-D participants displayed significantly impaired postural stability compared to CM-ND (p = 0.002). CM-D and CM-ND both displayed significantly impaired postural stability compared to controls (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.003, respectively). SIGNIFICANCE Loss of postural stability is considered a main symptom of CM, however no study has previously quantified human postural control in this cohort of patients. Quantifying this relationship can provide further insight to neurologists studying the disorder and to therapists planning rehabilitation and pain relief methods.
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Hasegawa N, Maas KC, Shah VV, Carlson-Kuhta P, Nutt JG, Horak FB, Asaka T, Mancini M. Functional limits of stability and standing balance in people with Parkinson's disease with and without freezing of gait using wearable sensors. Gait Posture 2021; 87:123-129. [PMID: 33906091 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with from Parkinson's disease (PD) and freezing of gait (FoG) have more frequent falls compared to those who do not freeze but there is no consensus on which, specific objective measures of postural instability are worse in freezers (PD + FoG) than non-freezers (PD-FoG). RESEARCH QUESTION Are functional limits of stability (fLoS) or postural sway during stance measured with wearable inertial sensors different between PD + FoG versus PD-FoG, as well as between PD versus healthy control subjects (HC)? METHODS Sixty-four PD subjects with FoG (MDS-UPDRS Part III: 45.9 ± 12.5) and 80 PD subjects without FoG (MDS-UPDRS Part III: 36.2 ± 10.9) were tested Off medication and compared with 79 HC. Balance was quantified with inertial sensors worn on the lumbar spine while performing the following balance tasks: 1) fLoS as defined by the maximum displacement in the forward and backward directions and 2) postural sway area while standing with eyes open on a firm and foam surface. An ANOVA, controlling for disease duration, compared postural control between groups. RESULTS PD + FoG had significantly smaller fLoS compared to PD-FoG (p = 0.004) and to healthy controls (p < 0.001). However, PD-FoG showed similar fLoS compared to healthy controls (p = 0.48). Both PD+FoG and PD-FoG showed larger postural sway on a foam surface compared to healthy controls (p = 0.001) but there was no significant difference in postural sway between PD+FoG and PD-FoG. SIGNIFICANCE People with PD and FoG showed task-specific, postural impairments with smaller fLoS compared to non-freezers, even when controlling for disease duration. However, individuals with PD with or without FoG had similar difficulties standing quietly on an unreliable surface compared to healthy controls. Wearable inertial sensors can reveal worse fLoS in freezers than non-freezers that may contribute to FoG and help explain their more frequent falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Hasegawa
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Kas C Maas
- Department of Human Movement Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Vrutangkumar V Shah
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | | | - John G Nutt
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Fay B Horak
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Tadayoshi Asaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Martina Mancini
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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12
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Kamieniarz A, Michalska J, Marszałek W, Stania M, Słomka KJ, Gorzkowska A, Juras G, Okun MS, Christou EA. Detection of postural control in early Parkinson's disease: Clinical testing vs. modulation of center of pressure. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245353. [PMID: 33434235 PMCID: PMC7802937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about the early stage balance changes in PD. Many clinicians assume that there are no postural issues in early PD because of failure to identify them on bedside and clinical testing. Here, we quantify balance changes in early and moderate stage PD and compared these values to healthy controls (HC) using clinical assessments of balance and posturography. METHODS We compared 15 HC with 15 early PD (PD-II; Hoehn and Yahr stage II) and 15 moderate PD (PD-III; H&Y stage III). Participants performed various clinical tests of balance and a standing postural task on a force platform. We quantified the spatiotemporal parameters of the center of pressure (COP), the sample entropy and power spectral density (PSD) of the COP. RESULTS The PSD of the COP differentiated PD-II from HC from 0-0.5 Hz and PD-II from PD-III from 0.5-1 Hz. Specifically, PD-II and PD-III manifested greater power than HC from 0-0.5 Hz, whereas PD-III exhibited greater power than PD-II and HC from 0.5-1.0 Hz (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between PD-II and HC in all clinical tests and in spatiotemporal parameters of the COP (p>0.05). Although the sample entropy was significantly lower in the PD groups (p<0.05), entropy failed to differentiate PD-II from PD-III. CONCLUSION The low-frequency modulation of the COP in this small cohort differentiated early PD from HC and from moderate PD. Clinicians should be aware that there are early balance deficits in PD. A larger sample size is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kamieniarz
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Michalska
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Marszałek
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Stania
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Kajetan J. Słomka
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gorzkowska
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Juras
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michael S. Okun
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Evangelos A. Christou
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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13
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Álvarez I, Latorre J, Aguilar M, Pastor P, Llorens R. Validity and sensitivity of instrumented postural and gait assessment using low-cost devices in Parkinson's disease. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2020; 17:149. [PMID: 33176833 PMCID: PMC7656721 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-020-00770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate assessment of balance and gait is necessary to monitor the clinical progress of Parkinson's disease (PD). Conventional clinical scales can be biased and have limited accuracy. Novel interactive devices are potentially useful to detect subtle posture or gait-related impairments. METHODS Posturographic and single and dual-task gait assessments were performed to 54 individuals with PD and 43 healthy controls with the Wii Balance Board and the Kinect v2 and the, respectively. Individuals with PD were also assessed with the Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment, the Functional Gait Assessment and the 10-m Walking Test. The influence of demographic and clinical variables on the performance in the instrumented posturographic and gait tests, the sensitivity of these tests to the clinical condition and phenotypes, and their convergent validity with clinical scales were investigated. RESULTS Individuals with PD in H&Y I and I.5 stages showed similar performance to controls. The greatest differences in posture and gait were found between subjects in H&Y II.5 and H&Y I-I.5 stage, as well as controls. Dual-tasking enhanced the differences among all groups in gait parameters. Akinetic/rigid phenotype showed worse postural control and gait than other phenotypes. High significant correlations were found between the limits of stability and most of gait parameters with the clinical scales. CONCLUSIONS Low-cost devices showed potential to objectively quantify posture and gait in established PD (H&Y ≥ II). Dual-tasking gait evaluation was more sensitive to detect differences among PD stages and compared to controls than free gait. Gait and posture were more impaired in akinetic/rigid PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Álvarez
- Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Movement disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Latorre
- Neurorehabilitation and Brain Research Group, Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación-Building 8B-Access M-Floor 0, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- NEURORHB. Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas, Río Tajo 1, 46011, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miquel Aguilar
- Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Movement disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Movement disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Llorens
- Neurorehabilitation and Brain Research Group, Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación-Building 8B-Access M-Floor 0, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
- NEURORHB. Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas, Río Tajo 1, 46011, Valencia, Spain.
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14
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Borzì L, Fornara S, Amato F, Olmo G, Artusi CA, Lopiano L. Smartphone-Based Evaluation of Postural Stability in Parkinson’s Disease Patients During Quiet Stance. ELECTRONICS 2020; 9:919. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics9060919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Background: Postural instability is one of the most troublesome motor symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). It impairs patients’ quality of life and results in high risk of falls. The aim of this study is to provide a reliable tool for the automated assessment of postural instability. Methods: Data acquisition was performed on 42 PD patients and 7 young healthy subjects. They were asked to keep a quiet stance position for at least 30 s while wearing a waist-mounted smartphone. A total number of 414 features was extracted from both time and frequency domain, selected based on Pearson’s correlation, and fed to an optimized Support Vector Machine. Results: The implemented model was able to differentiate patients with mild postural instability from those with severe postural instability and from healthy controls, with 100% accuracy. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using inertial sensors embedded in commercial smartphones and proposed a simple protocol for accurate postural instability scoring. This tool can be used for early detection of PD motor signs, disease follow-up and fall prevention.
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Lazarotto L, Bobbo GZG, Siega J, da Silva AZ, Iucksch DD, Israel VL, Bento PCB. Static and dynamic postural control: Comparison between community old adults and people with Parkinson's disease. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 25:e1844. [PMID: 32363670 DOI: 10.1002/pri.1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the static and dynamic postural control of people with Parkinson's disease and community old adults. METHODS Thirty-five people were in the Parkinson's disease group (PDG; 12 women, 62.4 ± 11.0 years, 77.9 ± 15.6 kg, 166.5 ± 11.0 cm, 27.9 ± 3.8 kg/m2 , 1.9 ± 0.5 Hoehn & Yahr) and 32 were in the old adults group (OAG; 13 women, 69.5 ± 6.0 years, 74.2 ± 12.3 kg, 165.0 ± 8.3 cm, 27.2 ± 4.0 kg/m2 ). The static balance was measured on a force platform, three 30-s trials in four conditions: feet side-by-side (FSBS) and semi-tandem stance (ST) positioning, eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). The total sway path length (SPL), sway area (SA), anterior-posterior (APSR) and medial-lateral (MLSR) sway range of the centre of pressure were obtained. Dynamic balance was assessed using the timed-up-and-go test (TUG). For comparison between groups and repeated-measures, a mixed-design ANOVA was carried out and the Mann-Whitney U test to compare TUG between groups. The significance level was set at p ≤ .05. RESULTS Between groups, PDG presented higher mean values for SPL, APSR and SA in feet side-by-side eyes open compared to the OAG, for SPL in feet side-by-side eyes closed, for SPL and SA in STEO. For repeated-measures, both groups had higher mean values in the EC condition compared to EO and MLSR compared to APSR. No significant difference was found between groups for TUG. CONCLUSION Balance disorders are found early in people with Parkinson's disease compared to healthy older adults. Thus, Parkinson's disease seems to advance the process of alterations in the postural control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilane Lazarotto
- Center for Motor Behavior Studies Center (CECOM), Ph.D. Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Parná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Giovana Z G Bobbo
- Center for Motor Behavior Studies Center (CECOM), Ph.D. Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Parná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Juliana Siega
- Center for Motor Behavior Studies Center (CECOM), Ph.D. Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Adriano Z da Silva
- Center for Motor Behavior Studies Center (CECOM), Ph.D. Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Dielise D Iucksch
- Center for Motor Behavior Studies Center (CECOM), Ph.D. Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Vera L Israel
- Center for Motor Behavior Studies Center (CECOM), Ph.D. Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Paulo C B Bento
- Center for Motor Behavior Studies Center (CECOM), Ph.D. Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Parná, Curitiba, Brazil
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16
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Hasegawa N, Shah VV, Carlson-Kuhta P, Nutt JG, Horak FB, Mancini M. How to Select Balance Measures Sensitive to Parkinson's Disease from Body-Worn Inertial Sensors-Separating the Trees from the Forest. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19153320. [PMID: 31357742 PMCID: PMC6696209 DOI: 10.3390/s19153320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the most sensitive objective measures of balance dysfunction that differ between people with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and healthy controls. One-hundred and forty-four people with PD and 79 age-matched healthy controls wore eight inertial sensors while performing tasks to measure five domains of balance: standing posture (Sway), anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs), automatic postural responses (APRs), dynamic posture (Gait) and limits of stability (LOS). To reduce the initial 93 measures, we selected uncorrelated measures that were most sensitive to PD. After applying a threshold on the Standardized Mean Difference between PD and healthy controls, 44 measures remained; and after reducing highly correlated measures, 24 measures remained. The four most sensitive measures were from APAs and Gait domains. The random forest with 10-fold cross-validation on the remaining measures (n = 24) showed an accuracy to separate PD from healthy controls of 82.4%—identical to result for all measures. Measures from the most sensitive domains, APAs and Gait, were significantly correlated with the severity of disease and with patient-related outcomes. This method greatly reduced the objective measures of balance to the most sensitive for PD, while still capturing four of the five domains of balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Hasegawa
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Vrutangkumar V Shah
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Patricia Carlson-Kuhta
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - John G Nutt
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Fay B Horak
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Martina Mancini
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA.
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17
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Robb KA, Perry SD. Textured Foot Orthotics on Dynamic Stability and Turning Performance in Parkinson’s Disease. J Mot Behav 2019; 52:396-403. [DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2019.1639609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Robb
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen D. Perry
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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18
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Halmi Z, Dinya E, Málly J. Destroyed non-dopaminergic pathways in the early stage of Parkinson's disease assessed by posturography. Brain Res Bull 2019; 152:45-51. [PMID: 31295517 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early stage of Parkinson's disease (PD) (Hoehn-Yahr (HY) I-II stages) is characterized by a negative pull test, which clinically excludes postural instability. Previous studies with dynamic posturography detected balance disturbances even at the onset of the disease but the age dependency or prediction of dyskinesia with dynamic posturography are not known. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that the postural instability evoked by dynamic posturography was part of the early stage of PD. Furthermore, we studied how we can provoke dyskinesia. METHODS Postural instability with static and dynamic posturography (passing balls with different weights around the body) was studied in 45 patients with PD in their HY I, II stages. They were compared with 35 age-matched healthy controls. Eighteen patients with dyskinesia were involved in the study. Fourteen patients were followed for two years. RESULTS The pathway and velocity of the movement assessed by static and the dynamic posturography were significantly higher in the group >65 years than that of age-matched healthy controls, while the group ≤65 years showed a significant increment only in the antero-posterior sway during dynamic posturography. The imbalance of patients with dyskinesia was significantly (p < 0.05) provoked by dynamic posturography compared to patients with PD without dyskinesia. The results were independent of age. CONCLUSION Postural instability is part of the early symptoms of PD. Non-dopaminergic pathways may be involved in the early stage of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Halmi
- Dept. Developmental Neurology, Saint Margaret Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elek Dinya
- Semmelweis Univ. Digital Health Dept., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Málly
- Inst. of Neurorehabilitation, Sopron, Hungary.
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19
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Kamieniarz A, Michalska J, Brachman A, Pawłowski M, Słomka KJ, Juras G. A posturographic procedure assessing balance disorders in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:2301-2316. [PMID: 30519012 PMCID: PMC6237244 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s180894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Postural instability is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), often contributing to falls, injuries, and reduced mobility. In the clinical setting, balance disorder is commonly diagnosed using clinical tests and balance scales, but it is suggested that the most sensitive measurement is the force platform. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the methods and various posturographic procedures used to assess the body balance and gait in PD. A systematic review was conducted of papers published from 2000 to 2017. Databases searched were PubMed and EBSCO. Studies must have involved patients with PD, used force platform or motion analysis system as a measurement tool, and described posturographic procedure. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. A total of 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. The PEDro scores ranged from 5 to 7 points. The analysis of the objective methods assessing balance disorders revealed a large discrepancy in the duration and procedures of measurements. The number of repetitions of each trial fluctuated between 1 and 8, and the duration of a single trial ranged from 10 to 60 seconds. Overall, there are many scales and tests used to assess the balance disorders and disabilities of people with PD. Although in many included studies the authors have used posturography as a method to evaluate the postural instability of PD patients, the results are contradictory. To solve this issue, it is indicated to establish a "gold standard" of procedures of measures of balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kamieniarz
- Department of Human Motor Behavior, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland,
| | - Justyna Michalska
- Department of Human Motor Behavior, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland,
| | - Anna Brachman
- Department of Human Motor Behavior, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland,
| | - Michał Pawłowski
- Department of Human Motor Behavior, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland,
| | - Kajetan J Słomka
- Department of Human Motor Behavior, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland,
| | - Grzegorz Juras
- Department of Human Motor Behavior, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland,
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20
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Walters-Stewart C, Rochefort C, Longtin A, Zemek R, Sveistrup H. Centre of pressure during quiet stance and dual-task one month after mild traumatic brain injury: In adolescents. JOURNAL OF CONCUSSION 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2059700218804917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mild traumatic brain injury is a common neurological condition affecting adolescents in North America. In adults, symptoms related to balance are some of the most commonly reported. Methods The purpose of this study was to investigate the balance in adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury using linear and non-linear centre of pressure (COP) measures in quiet stance and during dual-task. Adolescents aged 13.00 to 17.99 years were tested once at one month following mild traumatic brain injury (n = 25), and healthy adolescents (n = 22) were tested once as controls in four conditions: standing with eyes open, standing with eyes closed, standing on a single leg and standing while performing a visual Stroop task. Results In general, compared to healthy adolescents, adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury demonstrated more variability ( p = 0.007, 95% CI (0.9, 5.4) and p = 0.049, 95% CI (0.009, 4.0), mediolateral and anteroposterior, respectively), showed more cumulative movement (path length, p = 0.016, 95% CI (1.3, 11.9)) and required greater speed of movement ( p = 0.012, 95% CI (0.99, 7.4) and p = 0.035, 95% CI (0.28, 7.5), mediolateral and anteroposterior, respectively) in maintaining balance, and in underlying temporal organization showed less local stability (mediolateral largest Lyapunov, p = 0.033, 95% CI (0.001, 0.027)), more short-term complexity anteroposteriorly ( p = 0.029, 95% CI (0.005, 0.099)) and less long-term complexity mediolaterally ( p = 0.001, 95% CI (0.015, 0.056)). Condition differences are additionally presented. Conclusions Findings suggest that, for adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury, when maintaining balance visual input is relied on differently, the effectiveness of control may be an issue during dual-task, and consequently, the challenge of dual-task may be on par with single leg stance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coren Walters-Stewart
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Coralie Rochefort
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Andre Longtin
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Heidi Sveistrup
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Srivastava A, Ahmad OF, Pacia CP, Hallett M, Lungu C. The Relationship between Saccades and Locomotion. J Mov Disord 2018; 11:93-106. [PMID: 30086615 PMCID: PMC6182301 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.18018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human locomotion involves a complex interplay among multiple brain regions and depends on constant feedback from the visual system. We summarize here the current understanding of the relationship among fixations, saccades, and gait as observed in studies sampling eye movements during locomotion, through a review of the literature and a synthesis of the relevant knowledge on the topic. A significant overlap in locomotor and saccadic neural circuitry exists that may support this relationship. Several animal studies have identified potential integration nodes between these overlapping circuitries. Behavioral studies that explored the relationship of saccadic and gait-related impairments in normal conditions and in various disease states are also discussed. Eye movements and locomotion share many underlying neural circuits, and further studies can leverage this interplay for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Srivastava
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Omar F Ahmad
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Pham Pacia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Codrin Lungu
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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22
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Hilbun AL, Karsai I. The effect of age on balancing behavior: complexity analysis of mediolateral force trajectories. Physiol Meas 2017; 39:015002. [PMID: 29176038 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aa9d0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We quantified, via complexity analysis, the postural stability of healthy people from a wide age range. APPROACH Thirty-five healthy people aged 18-72 performed three tasks while balancing on one foot on a force plate: standard balancing task, mental task (balancing while answering basic arithmetic questions), and knot-tying task (balancing while tying two knots in a piece of ribbon). Mediolateral force trajectories were analyzed to determine control strategy via Hurst exponents, Lyapunov exponents, Kolmogorov complexity, root mean square, and phase-space plots. MAIN RESULTS We found increased pattern repetition in balancing with increased age, as evidenced by the emergence of a double attractor pattern in phase-space plots and the increase of Hurst exponents with age from approximately 0.3 to 0.8. SIGNIFICANCE As people age, they tend to develop strong feed-forward control strategies for balancing, and lose the complexity of micro movements intrinsic to young age. There is an open-loop control strategy for balancing that emerges in older adulthood, and there are attractors inherent to balancing which begin to develop in middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Hilbun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
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Costa IDS, Gamundí A, Miranda JGV, França LGS, De Santana CN, Montoya P. Altered Functional Performance in Patients with Fibromyalgia. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:14. [PMID: 28184193 PMCID: PMC5266716 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a common chronic pain condition that exerts a considerable impact on patients' daily activities and quality of life. Objectives: The main objective of the present study was to evaluate kinematic parameters of gait, functional performance, and balance in women with fibromyalgia syndrome. Methods: The study included 26 female patients with fibromyalgia (49.2 ± 8.0 years) according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology, as well as 16 pain-free women (43.5 ± 8.5 years). Gait and balance parameters were extracted from video recordings of participants performing several motor tasks. Non-linear dynamic of body sway time series was also analyzed by computing the Hurst exponent. In addition, functional performance and clinical pain were obtained by using standardized motor tests (Berg's balance scale, 6-min walking test, timed up and go task, Romberg's balance test) and self-report questionnaires (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire). Results: Walking speed was significantly diminished (p < 0.001) in FM patients as compared to pain-free controls, probably due to significant reductions in stride length (p < 0.001) and cycle frequency (p < 0.001). Analyses of balance also revealed significant differences between fibromyalgia and pain-free controls on body sway in the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior axes (all ps < 0.01). Several parameters of gait and balance were significantly associated with high levels of pain, depression, stiffness, anxiety, and fatigue in fibromyalgia. Conclusion: Our data revealed that both gait and balance were severely impaired in FM, and that subjective complaints associated with FM could contribute to functional disability in these patients. These findings suggest that optimal rehabilitation and fall prevention in fibromyalgia require a comprehensive assessment of both psychological responses to pain and physical impairments during postural control and gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis da Silva Costa
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antoni Gamundí
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José G Vivas Miranda
- Department of Physics of the Earth and the Environment, Federal University of BahiaSalvador, Brazil; Motion Analysis Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Lucas G Souza França
- Department of Physics of the Earth and the Environment, Federal University of BahiaSalvador, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Charles Novaes De Santana
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Montoya
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Chagdes JR, Huber JE, Saletta M, Darling-White M, Raman A, Rietdyk S, Zelaznik HN, Haddad JM. The relationship between intermittent limit cycles and postural instability associated with Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2016; 5:14-24. [PMID: 30356531 PMCID: PMC6188581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many disease-specific factors such as muscular weakness, increased muscle stiffness, varying postural strategies, and changes in postural reflexes have been shown to lead to postural instability and fall risk in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, analytical techniques, inspired by the dynamical systems perspective on movement control and coordination, have been used to examine the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of postural declines and the emergence of postural instabilities in people with PD. METHODS A wavelet-based technique was used to identify limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) in the anterior-posterior (AP) postural sway of people with mild PD (n = 10) compared to age-matched controls (n = 10). Participants stood on a foam and on a rigid surface while completing a dual task (speaking). RESULTS There was no significant difference in the root mean square of center of pressure between groups. Three out of 10 participants with PD demonstrated LCOs on the foam surface, while none in the control group demonstrated LCOs. An inverted pendulum model of bipedal stance was used to demonstrate that LCOs occur due to disease-specific changes associated with PD: time-delay and neuromuscular feedback gain. CONCLUSION Overall, the LCO analysis and mathematical model appear to capture the subtle postural instabilities associated with mild PD. In addition, these findings provide insights into the mechanisms that lead to the emergence of unstable posture in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Chagdes
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Jessica E. Huber
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Meredith Saletta
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Meghan Darling-White
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Arvind Raman
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shirley Rietdyk
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Howard N. Zelaznik
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Haddad
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Standing balance in individuals with Parkinson's disease during single and dual-task conditions. Gait Posture 2015; 42:323-8. [PMID: 26149283 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.06.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the differences in standing balance between individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and subjects without PD (control group), under single and dual-task conditions. A cross-sectional study was designed using a non-probabilistic sample of 110 individuals (50 participants with PD and 60 controls) aged 50 years old and over. The individuals with PD were in the early or middle stages of the disease (characterized by Hoehn and Yahr as stages 1-3). The standing balance was assessed by measuring the centre of pressure (CoP) displacement in single-task (eyes-open/eyes-closed) and dual-task (while performing two different verbal fluency tasks). No significant differences were found between the groups regarding sociodemographic variables. In general, the standing balance of the individuals with PD was worse than the controls, as the CoP displacement across tasks was significantly higher for the individuals with PD (p<0.01), both in anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. Moreover, there were significant differences in the CoP displacement based parameters between the conditions, mainly between the eyes-open condition and the remaining conditions. However, there was no significant interaction found between group and condition, which suggests that changes in the CoP displacement between tasks were not influenced by having PD. In conclusion, this study shows that, although individuals with PD had a worse overall standing balance than individuals without the disease, the impact of performing an additional task on the CoP displacement is similar for both groups.
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Dynamics of postural control in Parkinson patients with and without symptoms of freezing of gait. Gait Posture 2015; 42:246-50. [PMID: 26164353 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that dynamical measures such as sample entropy may be more appropriate than conventional measures when analyzing time series data such as postural sway. We evaluated conventional and dynamical measures of postural sway in Parkinson disease (PD) patients with and without freezing episodes. METHODS COP (center of pressure) data were recorded during quiet standing with eyes open, eyes closed and while performing a dual task. Data for 16 patients with freezing of gait, 17 patients with no history of freezing and 24 healthy subjects were analyzed. The amount of postural sway was quantified using conventional measures, whereas for the characterization of the temporal structure of the COP data the normalized sway path and sample entropy was calculated. RESULTS Mean radius was higher and sample entropy was lower in patients with freezing symptoms as compared to healthy subjects in all three conditions. Dual-tasking significantly increased sway path length in patients with freezing, while normalized sway path did not change over conditions in this group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that postural sway is characterized by a combination of large radius, short normalized sway path and high regularity of the COP only in patients with freezing. This pattern becomes most prominent in a dual-task paradigm. This may explain higher occurrence of gait freezing in dual task situations with subsequent higher risk of falls. Results suggested that dynamic measures may add valuable information for characterizing postural stability in PD patients.
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Geroin C, Smania N, Schena F, Dimitrova E, Verzini E, Bombieri F, Nardello F, Tinazzi M, Gandolfi M. Does the Pisa syndrome affect postural control, balance, and gait in patients with Parkinson's disease? An observational cross-sectional study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:736-41. [PMID: 25940999 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An altered sense of verticality, associated with impaired proprioception and somatosensory integration deficits, has been reported in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) but it has not been characterized in patients with Pisa syndrome (PS). Therefore, we investigated postural control, balance, and gait disturbances in patients with PD and PS, patients with PD but without PS, and aged-matched normal controls. METHODS This observational cross-sectional study involved patients with PD and PS (n = 10, Hoehn & Yahr score <4), patients with PD but without PS (n = 10), and age-matched healthy controls (n = 10). The primary outcome measure was the velocity of CoP displacement (VEL_MED_AP/ML) assessed by static stabilometry in eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions. The secondary outcomes were other stabilometric parameters, the Sensory Organization Balance Test (SOT), and gait analysis (GA). RESULTS There were no significant differences in demographic and clinical data and Berg Balance Scale scores between the groups. There was a significant main effect in the VEL_MED_AP/ML between the groups and eye conditions (p = .016). A significant main effect was found in the EO (p = .01) and EC (p = .04) conditions. Post-hoc comparisons showed a significant increase in VEL_CoP in both the EO and EC conditions only in the patients with PD and PS. No significant main effects on SOT and GA were found. CONCLUSION Patients with PD and PS had more difficulty achieving good postural alignment with gravity and greater velocity of body sway than the other groups. Rehabilitation programs for patients with PD and PS should include spine alignment and dynamic postural training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Geroin
- Neuromotor and Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Center (CRRNC), Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Nicola Smania
- Neuromotor and Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Center (CRRNC), Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; Neurological Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Federico Schena
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Casorati 43, 37137 Verona, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Dimitrova
- Neuromotor and Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Center (CRRNC), Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Verzini
- School of Specialization in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy.
| | - Federica Bombieri
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Casorati 43, 37137 Verona, Italy.
| | - Francesca Nardello
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Casorati 43, 37137 Verona, Italy.
| | - Michele Tinazzi
- Neurology Unit, Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Marialuisa Gandolfi
- Neuromotor and Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Center (CRRNC), Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Yamamoto T, Smith CE, Suzuki Y, Kiyono K, Tanahashi T, Sakoda S, Morasso P, Nomura T. Universal and individual characteristics of postural sway during quiet standing in healthy young adults. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/3/e12329. [PMID: 25780094 PMCID: PMC4393163 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The time course of the center of pressure (CoP) during human quiet standing, corresponding to body sway, is a stochastic process, influenced by a variety of features of the underlying neuro-musculo-skeletal system, such as postural stability and flexibility. Due to complexity of the process, sway patterns have been characterized in an empirical way by a number of indices, such as sway size and mean sway velocity. Here, we describe a statistical approach with the aim of estimating "universal" indices, namely parameters that are independent of individual body characteristics and thus are not "hidden" by the presence of individual, daily, and circadian variations of sway; in this manner it is possible to characterize the common aspects of sway dynamics across healthy young adults, in the assumption that they might reflect underlying neural control during quiet standing. Such universal indices are identified by analyzing intra and inter-subject variability of various indices, after sorting out individual-specific indices that contribute to individual discriminations. It is shown that the universal indices characterize mainly slow components of sway, such as scaling exponents of power-law behavior at a low-frequency regime. On the other hand, most of the individual-specific indices contributing to the individual discriminations exhibit significant correlation with body parameters, and they can be associated with fast oscillatory components of sway. These results are consistent with a mechanistic hypothesis claiming that the slow and the fast components of sway are associated, respectively, with neural control and biomechanics, supporting our assumption that the universal characteristics of postural sway might represent neural control strategies during quiet standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Charles E Smith
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Takao Tanahashi
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saburo Sakoda
- Department of Neurology, Toneyama National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Pietro Morasso
- RBCS Department, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Taishin Nomura
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
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Toosizadeh N, Lei H, Schwenk M, Sherman SJ, Sternberg E, Mohler J, Najafi B. Does integrative medicine enhance balance in aging adults? Proof of concept for the benefit of electroacupuncture therapy in Parkinson's disease. Gerontology 2014; 61:3-14. [PMID: 25341431 DOI: 10.1159/000363442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural balance and potentially fall risk increases among older adults living with neurological diseases, especially Parkinson's disease (PD). Since conventional therapies such as levodopa or deep brain stimulation may fail to alleviate or may even worsen balance, interest is growing in evaluating alternative PD therapies. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to assess improvement in postural balance in PD patients following electroacupuncture (EA) as an alternative therapy. METHODS 15 aging adults (71.2 ± 6.3 years) with idiopathic PD and 44 healthy age-matched participants (74.6 ± 6.5 years) were recruited. The PD participants were randomly assigned (at a ratio of 2:1) to an intervention (n = 10) or to a control group (n = 5). The intervention group received a 30-min EA treatment on a weekly basis for 3 weeks, while the control group received a sham treatment. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and after the final therapy. Measurements included balance assessment, specifically the ratio of medial-lateral (ML) center-of-gravity (COG) sway to anterior-posterior (AP) sway (COGML/AP) and ankle/hip sway during eyes-open, eyes-closed, and eyes-open dual-task trials, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), as well as quality of life, concerns for fall, and pain questionnaires. RESULTS No difference was observed for the assessed parameters between the intervention and the control group at baseline. After treatment, an improvement in balance performance was observed in the intervention group. Compared with the healthy population, PD patients prior to treatment had larger COGML/AP sway with more dependency on upper-body movements for maintaining balance. Following EA therapy, COGML/AP sway was reduced by 31% and ankle/hip sway increased by 46% in the different conditions (p = 0.02 for the dual-task condition). The clinical rating revealed an overall improvement (p < 0.01) in mentation, behavior, and mood (UPDRS part I, 49%), activities of daily living (UPDRS part II, 46%), and motor examination (UPDRS part III, 40%). There was a significant reduction (p < 0.02) in the specific items regarding UPDRS fall status (67%) and rigidity (48%). Changes were small and nonsignificant in the controls (p > 0.29). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study demonstrates improvement in rigidity and balance following EA. These preliminary results suggest EA could be a promising alternative treatment for balance disturbance in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Toosizadeh
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP) and Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz., USA
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Schlenstedt C, Brombacher S, Hartwigsen G, Weisser B, Möller B, Deuschl G. Comparing the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale with the Mini-BESTest and Berg Balance Scale to assess postural control in patients with Parkinson disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2014; 96:218-25. [PMID: 25261718 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To validate the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) Scale for patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD); and to compare the FAB Scale with the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). DESIGN Observational study to assess concurrent validity, test-retest, and interrater reliability of the FAB Scale in patients with PD and to compare the distribution of the scale with the Mini-BESTest and BBS. SETTING University hospital in an urban community. PARTICIPANTS Patients with idiopathic PD (N=85; Hoehn and Yahr stages 1-4). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES FAB Scale, Mini-BESTest, BBS, timed Up and Go test, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, and visual analog scale. RESULTS Interrater (3 raters) and test-retest (3±1 d) reliability were high for all scales (ICCs≥.95). The FAB Scale was highly correlated with the Mini-BESTest (Spearman ρ=.87) and timed Up and Go test item of the Mini-BESTest (Spearman ρ=.83). In contrast with the BBS, the FAB Scale and Mini-BESTest have only minimal ceiling effects. The FAB Scale demonstrated the most symmetric distribution when compared with the Mini-BESTest and BBS (skewness: FAB scale: -.54; Mini-BESTest: -1.07; BBS: -2.14). CONCLUSIONS The FAB Scale is a valid and reliable tool to assess postural control in patients with PD. No ceiling effect was noted for the FAB Scale. Although the items of the FAB Scale are more detailed when compared with the Mini-BESTest, interrater and test-retest reliability were excellent. The scale is a promising tool to detect small changes of the postural control system in individuals with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schlenstedt
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany; Department of Sport Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Department of Psychology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Burkhard Weisser
- Department of Sport Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bettina Möller
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Günther Deuschl
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
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31
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Chen TZ, Xu GJ, Zhou GA, Wang JR, Chan P, Du YF. Postural sway in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a potential marker of prodromal Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2014; 1559:26-32. [PMID: 24602694 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that postural instability occurs at very early clinical stages of Parkinson's disease (PD), making it tempting to speculate that changes in postural sway may even occur at a prodromal phase. Studies estimate that approximately half of patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) will eventually develop PD, so RBD may be an indicator of prodromal PD. This study was undertaken to investigate postural sway and its relation to stereopsis function in patients with RBD. We examined 24 patients with polysomnography-confirmed RBD and 23 healthy, sex-and age-matched control subjects. Postural sway was measured with an accelerometer at the center of mass at the lower spine. Subjects were asked to stand quietly for 30s under two usual conditions (eyes open and eyes closed) and three challenging conditions (eyes open with dual task, eyes closed with dual task, and tandem standing). Stereopsis was assessed using the Titmus fly test. RBD patients showed an increased variability of trunk acceleration and a decrease of smoothness of sway, compared to control subjects. These differences reached significance in the challenging conditions. RBD patients demonstrated significant impairment in stereopsis. There were statistically significant correlations between log seconds of arc of the Titmus test and some sway parameters within the RBD group. RBD patients with abnormal stereopsis showed a significant increase of JERK values compared to patients with normal stereopsis in the challenging conditions. Our results indicate that idiopathic RBD patients, especially with abnormal stereopsis, have subtle signs of postural instability under challenging conditions. Postural sway performance may serve as a biological marker for prodromal PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan-Zhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People׳s Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, China.
| | - Guang-Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People׳s Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Guang-An Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital of Taian, Taian, China
| | - Jing-Ru Wang
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People׳s Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Key Laboratory on Neurodegenerative Disorders of Ministry of Education, Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Feng Du
- Department of Neurology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Schoneburg B, Mancini M, Horak F, Nutt JG. Framework for understanding balance dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2013; 28:1474-82. [PMID: 23925954 PMCID: PMC4001822 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
People with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from progressive impairment in their mobility. Locomotor and balance dysfunction that impairs mobility in PD is an important cause of physical and psychosocial disability. The recognition and evaluation of balance dysfunction by the clinician are an essential component of managing PD. In this review, we describe a framework for understanding balance dysfunction in PD to help clinicians recognize patients who are at risk for falling and impaired mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fay Horak
- Dept. of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - John G. Nutt
- Dept. of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University
- Portland VA Medical Center
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Donath L, Roth R, Zahner L, Faude O. Testing single and double limb standing balance performance: comparison of COP path length evaluation between two devices. Gait Posture 2012; 36:439-43. [PMID: 22565319 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Center of pressure (COP) path length evaluation was commonly applied to measure postural sway and usually obtained from gold standard force plates. Thus, we comparatively investigated the feasible and less-expensive GKS® balance system (GKS) with the Kistler® force platform (KIS). 34 non-specifically trained but active adults (14 males, 20 females, age: 25.4±4.8 years; weight: 69.3±12.3 kg; height: 1.75±0.09 m, sports activity: 5.8±3.6 hours per week) were randomly tested on both devices during double and single limb stance with opened and closed eyes. Irrespective of the analysed time frame, repeated measures analyses of variances revealed higher path length readings for GKS compared to KIS for 30 s (F=6.8, p=0.01) and 10 s (F=21.2, p=0.001). Large effect sizes of the COP path length differences between GKS and KIS decreased from easy tasks (double limb, eyes open; d(30-s)=2.55, d(10-s)=2.04) to the most severe task (single limb, eyes closed; d(30-s)=0.02, d(10-s)=0.23). According to Bland and Altman, the limits of agreements indicated a high random variability component (between 29%, double limb, eyes open and 67%, single limb, eyes closed). The overall intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) across all four standing balance tasks were moderate for the 30 s- (0.57) as well as the 10 s-analysis (0.65). In conclusion, the COP path length displacements obtained from the GKS balance system seem to differ with a considerable random variability from Kistler force platform data. Thus, measurements of the evaluated devices should not be used interchangeably. Further methodological investigations regarding balance measures seem warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Donath
- Institute of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland.
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