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Baranski E, Lindberg C, Gilligan B, Fisher JM, Canada K, Heerwagen J, Kampschroer K, Sternberg E, Mehl MR. Personality, Workstation Type, Task focus, and Happiness in the Workplace. Journal of Research in Personality 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Alschuler L, Chiasson AM, Horwitz R, Sternberg E, Crocker R, Weil A, Maizes V. Integrative medicine considerations for convalescence from mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease. Explore (NY) 2020; 18:140-148. [PMID: 33358750 PMCID: PMC7756157 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The majority of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 have mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease. Convalescence from mild-to-moderate (MtoM) COVID-19 disease may be supported by integrative medicine strategies. Integrative Medicine (IM) is defined as healing-oriented medicine that takes account of the whole person, including all aspects of lifestyle. Integrative medicine strategies that may support recovery from MtoM COVID-19 are proposed given their clinically studied effects in related conditions. Adoption of an anti-inflammatory diet, supplementation with vitamin D, glutathione, melatonin, Cordyceps, Astragalus and garlic have potential utility. Osteopathic manipulation, Qigong, breathing exercises and aerobic exercise may support pulmonary recovery. Stress reduction, environmental optimization, creative expression and aromatherapy can provide healing support and minimize enduring trauma. These modalities would benefit from clinical trials in people recovering from COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Alschuler
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, United States; Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States.
| | - Ann Marie Chiasson
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, United States; Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States
| | - Randy Horwitz
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, United States; Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States
| | - Esther Sternberg
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, United States; Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States
| | - Robert Crocker
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, United States; Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States
| | - Andrew Weil
- Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States; University of Arizona, United States
| | - Victoria Maizes
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, United States; Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States
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Pantelic J, Liu S, Pistore L, Licina D, Vannucci M, Sadrizadeh S, Ghahramani A, Gilligan B, Sternberg E, Kampschroer K, Schiavon S. Personal CO 2 cloud: laboratory measurements of metabolic CO 2 inhalation zone concentration and dispersion in a typical office desk setting. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2020; 30:328-337. [PMID: 31636369 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation exposure to pure and metabolic elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has been associated with impaired work performance, lower perceived air quality, and increased health symptoms. In this study, the concentration of metabolic CO2 was continuously measured in the inhalation zone of 41 subjects performing simulated office work. The measurements took place in an environmental chamber with well-controlled mechanical ventilation arranged as an office environment. The results showed the existence of a personal CO2 cloud in the inhalation zone of all test subjects, characterized by the excess of metabolic CO2 beyond the room background levels. For seated occupants, the median CO2 inhalation zone concentration levels were between 200 and 500 ppm above the background, and the third quartile up to 800 ppm above the background. Each study subject had distinct magnitude of the personal CO2 cloud owing to differences in metabolic CO2 generation, posture, nose geometry, and breathing pattern. A small desktop oscillating fan proved to be suitable for dispersing much of the personal CO2 cloud, thus reducing the inhalation zone concentration to background level. The results suggest that background measurements cannot capture the significant personal CO2 cloud effect in human microclimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Pantelic
- Center for the Built Environment, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Shichao Liu
- Center for the Built Environment, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd, WPI - Kaven Hall, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Lorenza Pistore
- Center for the Built Environment, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università, 5, 39100, Bolzano, BZ, Italy
| | - Dusan Licina
- Human-Oriented Built Environment Lab, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Vannucci
- Center for the Built Environment, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sasan Sadrizadeh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ali Ghahramani
- Center for the Built Environment, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brian Gilligan
- General Services Administration, 1800 F St NW, Washington, DC, 20405, USA
| | - Esther Sternberg
- Institute on Place, Wellbeing and Performance, University of Arizona College of Medicine, P.O. Box 245153, Tuscon, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Kevin Kampschroer
- General Services Administration, 1800 F St NW, Washington, DC, 20405, USA
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- Center for the Built Environment, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Coats H, Rosenfeld AG, Crist JD, Sternberg E, Berger A. Using cognitive interviews to improve a Psychological-Social-Spiritual Healing instrument: Voices of aging African Americans with serious illness. Appl Nurs Res 2017; 39:109-114. [PMID: 29422143 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to contribute to content validity, by providing input into the linguistic and pragmatic validities, of a 53 item Psychological-Social-Spiritual Healing instrument. BACKGROUND Discovery of cultural values and beliefs from African American elders' experiences of illness provides insight for development of more culturally sensitive instruments. METHODS Through an exploratory descriptive design, this study used cognitive interviewing methods to examine linguistic and pragmatic validity of the Psychological-Social-Spiritual Healing instrument, from the perspectives of aging seriously ill AAs. Participants were recruited from urban Jackson, MS from community settings from October 2014 to January 2015. With a purposefully chosen sample of seriously ill African Americans elders (N=15), and using the method of cognitive interviewing, responses related to cultural relevance, clarity and meaning of the 53 items of the instrument were collected. This in-depth query of items was accomplished through the use of both verbal probing and think aloud methods of cognitive interviewing. RESULTS Thirty-seven items were retained. Eight items were revised. Eight items were deleted. CONCLUSIONS From the expert input of seriously ill African American elders, a systematic decision-making process of item retention, revision or deletion led to the development of a more culturally sensitive Psychological-Social-Spiritual Healing instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Coats
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, College of Nursing, 13120 E. 19th Avenue Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
| | - Anne G Rosenfeld
- The University of Arizona, College of Nursing, 1305 N. Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0203, United States.
| | - Janice D Crist
- The University of Arizona, College of Nursing, 1305 N. Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0203, United States.
| | - Esther Sternberg
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, P.O. Box 245153, Tucson, AZ 85724-5153, United States.
| | - Ann Berger
- NIH Clinical Center, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States.
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Coats H, Crist JD, Berger A, Sternberg E, Rosenfeld AG. African American Elders' Serious Illness Experiences: Narratives of "God Did," "God Will," and "Life Is Better". Qual Health Res 2017; 27:634-648. [PMID: 26701962 PMCID: PMC5717513 DOI: 10.1177/1049732315620153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The foundation of culturally sensitive patient-centered palliative care is formed from one's social, spiritual, psychological, and physical experiences of serious illness. The purpose of this study was to describe categories and patterns of psychological, social, and spiritual healing from the perspectives of aging seriously ill African American (AA) elders. Using narrative analysis methodology, 13 open-ended interviews were collected. Three main patterns were "prior experiences," "I changed," and "across past, present experiences and future expectations." Themes were categorized within each pattern: been through it . . . made me strong, I thought about . . . others, went down little hills . . . got me down, I grew stronger, changed priorities, do things I never would have done, quit doing, God did and will take care of me, close-knit relationships, and life is better. "Faith" in God helped the aging seriously ill AA elders "overcome things," whether their current illness or other life difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ann Berger
- National Institute of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Koenig J, Jarczok M, Rector J, Fischer J, Sternberg E, Thayer J. Heart rate variability in humans infected with the cytomegalovirus (VIR1P.1145). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.74.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Humans infected with the cytomegalovirus (CMV+) have been shown to have a higher risk of cardio-vascular-disease (CVD) and mortality. Previous research supports a neuroimmunomodulatory reflex via vagally mediated t-cells in the splenic nerve end. Vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) is a independent predictor of CVD mortality and associated with inflammatory processes. Existing studies investigated the association of CMV infection and HRV only in small samples of CMV infected infants or CMV-infected fetuses. The aim of the present study was to explore potential differences on vmHRV in individuals infected with CMV compared to their non-infected counterparts. 24-hour recordings of HRV were obtained by ECG holter monitoring and the high-frequency (HF) power was derived as index of vagal activity. CMV activity was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on plasma from fasted blood samples. Data from a total of 485 participants (10% females; mean age 46±10 years,) was available for analysis. Participants diagnosed as CMV+ (37%, n = 181) showed significantly (t(1.98) = 0.024, p = .024) lower vmHRV (HF 236±16.5 ms2) compared to individuals without CMV (CMV-, n = 304, HF 284±15.9 ms2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Koenig
- 1Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Marc Jarczok
- 2Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jerrald Rector
- 3School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Fischer
- 2Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Esther Sternberg
- 4Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Julian Thayer
- 1Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Toosizadeh N, Lei H, Schwenk M, Sherman SJ, Sternberg E, Mohler J, Najafi B. Does integrative medicine enhance balance in aging adults? Proof of concept for the benefit of electroacupuncture therapy in Parkinson's disease. Gerontology 2014; 61:3-14. [PMID: 25341431 DOI: 10.1159/000363442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural balance and potentially fall risk increases among older adults living with neurological diseases, especially Parkinson's disease (PD). Since conventional therapies such as levodopa or deep brain stimulation may fail to alleviate or may even worsen balance, interest is growing in evaluating alternative PD therapies. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to assess improvement in postural balance in PD patients following electroacupuncture (EA) as an alternative therapy. METHODS 15 aging adults (71.2 ± 6.3 years) with idiopathic PD and 44 healthy age-matched participants (74.6 ± 6.5 years) were recruited. The PD participants were randomly assigned (at a ratio of 2:1) to an intervention (n = 10) or to a control group (n = 5). The intervention group received a 30-min EA treatment on a weekly basis for 3 weeks, while the control group received a sham treatment. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and after the final therapy. Measurements included balance assessment, specifically the ratio of medial-lateral (ML) center-of-gravity (COG) sway to anterior-posterior (AP) sway (COGML/AP) and ankle/hip sway during eyes-open, eyes-closed, and eyes-open dual-task trials, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), as well as quality of life, concerns for fall, and pain questionnaires. RESULTS No difference was observed for the assessed parameters between the intervention and the control group at baseline. After treatment, an improvement in balance performance was observed in the intervention group. Compared with the healthy population, PD patients prior to treatment had larger COGML/AP sway with more dependency on upper-body movements for maintaining balance. Following EA therapy, COGML/AP sway was reduced by 31% and ankle/hip sway increased by 46% in the different conditions (p = 0.02 for the dual-task condition). The clinical rating revealed an overall improvement (p < 0.01) in mentation, behavior, and mood (UPDRS part I, 49%), activities of daily living (UPDRS part II, 46%), and motor examination (UPDRS part III, 40%). There was a significant reduction (p < 0.02) in the specific items regarding UPDRS fall status (67%) and rigidity (48%). Changes were small and nonsignificant in the controls (p > 0.29). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study demonstrates improvement in rigidity and balance following EA. These preliminary results suggest EA could be a promising alternative treatment for balance disturbance in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Toosizadeh
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP) and Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz., USA
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Parvaneh S, Grewal G, Menzies R, Talal T, Armstrong D, Sternberg E, Najafi B. Diabetic Foot Ulcers: How Stressed are Patients During Clinical Visits? J Altern Complement Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2014.5400.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Parvaneh
- (1) Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, and Arizona Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- (2) Wound and Diabetic Foot Center, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Co., Doha, Qatar
- (3) Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- (4) Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gurtej Grewal
- (1) Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, and Arizona Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- (2) Wound and Diabetic Foot Center, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Co., Doha, Qatar
- (3) Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- (4) Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert Menzies
- (1) Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, and Arizona Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- (2) Wound and Diabetic Foot Center, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Co., Doha, Qatar
- (3) Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- (4) Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Talal Talal
- (1) Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, and Arizona Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- (2) Wound and Diabetic Foot Center, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Co., Doha, Qatar
- (3) Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- (4) Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David Armstrong
- (1) Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, and Arizona Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- (2) Wound and Diabetic Foot Center, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Co., Doha, Qatar
- (3) Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- (4) Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Esther Sternberg
- (1) Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, and Arizona Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- (2) Wound and Diabetic Foot Center, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Co., Doha, Qatar
- (3) Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- (4) Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Bijan Najafi
- (1) Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, and Arizona Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- (2) Wound and Diabetic Foot Center, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Co., Doha, Qatar
- (3) Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- (4) Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Parvaneh S, Grewal GS, Grewal E, Menzies RA, Talal TK, Armstrong DG, Sternberg E, Najafi B. Stressing the dressing: Assessing stress during wound care in real-time using wearable sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wndm.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Skeath P, Norris S, Katheria V, White J, Baker K, Handel D, Sternberg E, Pollack J, Groninger H, Phillips J, Berger A. The nature of life-transforming changes among cancer survivors. Qual Health Res 2013; 23:1155-1167. [PMID: 23863850 PMCID: PMC3807572 DOI: 10.1177/1049732313499074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Some cancer survivors report positive subjective changes they describe as "life transforming." We used a grounded theory approach to identify the content, underlying process, and identifying characteristics of self-defined "life-transforming" changes (LTCs) reported by 9 cancer survivors. To actualize their hopes for improvement, participants used a self-guided process centered on pragmatic action: researching options, gaining experience, and frankly evaluating results. Many participants discovered unanticipated personal abilities and resources, and those became highly useful in coping with other challenges apart from cancer. This made the increased personal abilities and resources "life transforming" rather than being substantially limited to reducing cancer-related problems. The action-oriented features and processes of LTCs seemed to be more fully described by experiential learning theory than by posttraumatic growth and coping. Supportive intervention to facilitate positive change processes could decrease suffering and enhance positive psychosocial and spiritual outcomes for cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry Skeath
- Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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11
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Abstract
The intriguing title "A self-fulfilling prophecy: linking belief to behavior" can be viewed from either philosophical or biological perspectives. This brief overview addresses the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy from the point of view of a neurobiologist-immunologist and shows how self-fulfilling prophecies might trigger behaviors that play a role in healing.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review will focus on the role of cytokines in the central nervous system and its implications to depressive disorder. We will then discuss the main findings of cytokine measurements in patients with major depressive disorder. METHOD We searched Pubmed for studies published from 1999-2007, using the keywords depression and cytokine; and depressive disorder and cytokine. We have focused on pro-inflammatory cytokine measurements in patients with depression syndrome using DSM-criteria. RESULTS Several lines of evidence suggest that cytokines have effects on depression, such as the induction of sickness behavior; clinical conditions related to cytokines that also overlap depressive symptoms; and immunotherapy that can lead to depressive symptoms attenuated by antidepressant treatment. Finally, patients with depression exhibit increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, although conflicting results have been described. CONCLUSION Cytokines may play a role in the pathophysiology of some cases of depression, although a causal link has not been established yet. Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine patterns of cytokine in patients with major depressive disorder, taking into account confounding factors closely associated with the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, simultaneous measurements of multiple biomarkers could provide critical insights into mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder and a variety of common cytokine-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Marques
- Section on Neuroendocrine Immunology, National Institute of Mental Health, Integrative Neural Immune Program, Bethesda-Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.
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14
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Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a role in a wide range of somatic and mental diseases. Whereas the role of the ANS in the regulation of the cardiovascular system seems evident, its role in the regulation of other systems associated with allostasis is less clear. Using a model of neurovisceral integration we describe how the ANS and parasympathetic tone in particular may be associated with the regulation of allostatic systems associated with glucose regulation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, and inflammatory processes. Decreased vagal function and heart rate variability (HRV) were shown to be associated with increased fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels, increased overnight urinary cortisol, and increased proinflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins. All of these factors have been associated with increased allostatic load and poor health. Thus, vagal activity appears to play an inhibitory function in the regulation of allostatic systems. The prefrontal cortex and the amygdala are important central nervous system structures linked to the regulation of these allostatic systems via the vagus nerve. Finally, the identification of this neurovisceral regulatory system may help to illuminate the pathway via which psychosocial factors may influence health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Abstract
Many studies have established the routes by which the immune and central nervous (CNS) systems communicate. This network of connections permits the CNS to regulate the immune system through both neuroendocrine and neuronal pathways. In turn, the immune system signals the CNS through neuronal and humoral routes, via immune mediators and cytokines. This regulatory system between the immune system and CNS plays an important role in susceptibility and resistance to autoimmune, inflammatory, infectious and allergic diseases. This review focuses on the regulation of the immune system via the neuroendocrine system, and underlines the link between neuroendocrine dysregulation and development of major depressive disorders, autoimmune diseases and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marques-Deak
- Section on Neuroendocrine Immunology and Behavior, Integrative Neural Immune Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
The Secret Life of Lobsters
How Fishermen and Scientists Are Unraveling the Mysteries of Our Favorite Crustacean. by Trevor Corson. HarperCollins, New York, 2004. 299 pp. $24.95, C$34.95. ISBN 0-06-055558-0.
The author offers a fascinating and informative account of the activities of lobsters, the lobstermen who catch them, and the researchers who study them along the New England coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sternberg
- The reviewer is the author of The Balance Within: The Science Connecting Health and Emotions. Web site:
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19
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Marques-Deak A, Sternberg E. Psiconeuroimunologia: a relação entre o sistema nervoso central e o sistema imunológico. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2004; 26:143-4. [PMID: 15645058 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462004000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Rheumatic autoimmune diseases are characterized by dysregulation of the immune response that leads to inflammation, pain, disease and stiffness and have been shown to have differences in disease pattern, depending on the gender and age of an individual. The majority of these conditions predominantly affect females of all species and also show increased severity of disease in female animal models. In addition to the gender differences in disease development, persons are often more susceptible at specific stages of life. This review will discuss some of the data indicating age and gender differences in development of these diseases and will review hormonal and other factors that may contribute to disease expression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Butts
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 36/1A23, 36 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1284 , USA
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Gabry KE, Chrousos GP, Rice KC, Mostafa RM, Sternberg E, Negrao AB, Webster EL, McCann SM, Gold PW. Marked suppression of gastric ulcerogenesis and intestinal responses to stress by a novel class of drugs. Mol Psychiatry 2002; 7:474-83, 433. [PMID: 12082565 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2001] [Revised: 09/24/2001] [Accepted: 10/13/2001] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
When exposed to prolonged stress, rats develop gastric ulceration, enhanced colon motility with depletion of its mucin content and signs of physiological and behavioral arousal. In this model, we tested whether antidepressants (fluoxetine and bupropion), anxiolytics (diazepam and buspirone) or the novel nonpeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) type-1 receptor (CRH-R1) antagonist, antalarmin, modify these responses. Fluoxetine, bupropion, diazepam and antalarmin all suppressed stress-induced gastric ulceration in male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to four hours of plain immobilization. Antalarmin produced the most pronounced anti-ulcer effect and additionally suppressed the stress-induced colonic hypermotility, mucin depletion, autonomic hyperarousal and struggling behavior. Intraperitoneal CRH administration reproduced the intestinal but not the gastric responses to stress while vagotomy antagonized the stress-induced gastric ulceration but not the intestinal responses. We conclude that brain CRH-R1 and vagal pathways are essential for gastric ulceration to occur in response to stress and that peripheral CRH-R1 mediates colonic hypermotility and mucin depletion in this model. Nonpeptide CRH-R1 antagonists may therefore be prophylactic against stress ulcer in the critically ill and therapeutic for other pathogenetically related gastrointestinal disorders such as peptic ulcer disease and irritable bowel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Gabry
- Clinical Neuroendocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-11284, USA
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Tonelli L, Kramer P, Webster JI, Wray S, Listwak S, Sternberg E. Lipopolysaccharide-induced oestrogen receptor regulation in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus of lewis and Fischer rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2002; 14:847-52. [PMID: 12421337 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2002.00841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oestrogen receptor (ER) regulation of gene transcription in neurosecretory and pituitary cells has been proposed as an important mechanism for increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses in females of several mammalian species, including humans. Inbred female Fischer (F344/N) and Lewis (LEW/N) rats have similar oestrogen levels, although Fischer rats exhibit hyper- and Lewis rats hypo-HPA axis responses. The blunted HPA axis response of Lewis rats has been associated with their blunted hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) expression. To determine if the female CRH expression deficiency in Lewis rats is associated with defective ER expression and regulation, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) transcript levels of CRH and ER were determined under basal conditions and after immune challenge. Microdissected PVN were obtained from control and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated Lewis and Fischer rats and CRH, ERalpha and beta mRNA levels were determined by semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. In addition, ERalpha and beta protein levels were determined by semiquantitative Western blots. ERalpha and beta mRNA and protein levels in the PVN of control Fischer rats were significantly higher than in control Lewis rats. ERalpha and beta mRNA and protein levels in Fischer rats were reduced by LPS administration at the time of maximal CRH mRNA levels but did not change in Lewis rats, an effect independent of oestrogen levels. These data indicate that defective neuroendocrine HPA axis responses are associated with defective ER expression and regulation in Lewis PVN despite oestrogen concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tonelli
- Section of Neuroendocrine Immunology and Behaviour (SNIB), National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
The synthetic route for the benzoporphyrin derivatives produces two regioisomers in equimolar quantities (ring A and B isomers). A derivative of the A-ring product, BPD-MA (benzoporphyrin-derivative monoacid ring A, verteporfin), has recently been approved in North America and Europe for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. The B-ring isomers, contrary to the A-ring isomers, exhibit high aggregation in many formulations, which results in inadequate drug delivery for clinical uses. To avoid aggregation, a non-ionic surfactant polymer such as a Pluronic poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) may be used as a formulation excipient. The triblock polymer investigated here is designated P123 (or poloxamer 403). When used to formulate a monoacid benzoporphyrin B-ring derivative (2), a critical micelle concentration of P123 in water occurred at approximately 0.015 to 0.03%. The apparent pKa of compound 2 was dependent on its concentration in P123, and decreased as the molar ratio (P123:2) increased. High concentrations of P123 and neutral pH were found to be the best conditions to maintain the drug in its monomeric form. Kinetic studies suggest that the aggregate of 2 contains several molecules, and is formed by a catalyzed self-assembly process. Samples with 1 mg mL1 of drug, at pH = 7.4, and 4.8% of Pluronic showed satisfactory capacity to load and keep monomers stable. This formulation has potential PDT applications.Key words: Pluronic, poloxamers, block copolymers, photosensitizing drug, photodynamic therapy (PDT), formulation, micelles.
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Abstract
This article explores how much memes like urban legends succeed on the basis of informational selection (i.e., truth or a moral lesson) and emotional selection (i.e., the ability to evoke emotions like anger, fear, or disgust). The article focuses on disgust because its elicitors have been precisely described. In Study 1, with controls for informational factors like truth, people were more willing to pass along stories that elicited stronger disgust. Study 2 randomly sampled legends and created versions that varied in disgust; people preferred to pass along versions that produced the highest level of disgust. Study 3 coded legends for specific story motifs that produce disgust (e.g., ingestion of a contaminated substance) and found that legends that contained more disgust motifs were distributed more widely on urban legend Web sites. The conclusion discusses implications of emotional selection for the social marketplace of ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bell
- Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Califomia 94305, USA.
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25
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Abstract
This article explores how much memes like urban legends succeed on the basis of informational selection (i.e., truth or a moral lesson) and emotional selection (i.e., the ability to evoke emotions like anger, fear, or disgust). The article focuses on disgust because its elicitors have been precisely described. In Study 1, with controls for informational factors like truth, people were more willing to pass along stories that elicited stronger disgust. Study 2 randomly sampled legends and created versions that varied in disgust; people preferred to pass along versions that produced the highest level of disgust. Study 3 coded legends for specific story motifs that produce disgust (e.g., ingestion of a contaminated substance) and found that legends that contained more disgust motifs were distributed more widely on urban legend Web sites. The conclusion discusses implications of emotional selection for the social marketplace of ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bell
- Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Califomia 94305, USA.
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Tonelli L, Webster JI, Rapp KL, Sternberg E. Neuroendocrine responses regulating susceptibility and resistance to autoimmune/inflammatory disease in inbred rat strains. Immunol Rev 2001; 184:203-11. [PMID: 11918683 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.1840118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rodent animal models of inflammatory and autoimmune disease have been important tools in the study of the interaction between neuroendocrine physiology and the immune responses. The rat has been particularly useful in part because, in contrast to other species, most rat models of autoimmune/inflammatory disease are induced rather than spontaneous. This allows for systematic and controlled manipulations of the neuroendocrine system in relation to exposure to the antigen or proinflammatory trigger. The most frequently used immune challenges include lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock, carrageenan-induced local inflammation and adjuvant or bacterial cell wall-induced arthritis. By analyzing the responses to these challenges in different strains of rats and mice it has been possible to define the relationships between the neuroendocrine and immune systems and to identify some mechanisms through which these connections confer susceptibility and resistance to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The present review will discuss data obtained from rodent physiology, indicating that an important component in the susceptibility or resistance to development of these diseases is due to dysfunctional regulation of the immune response by the neuroendocrine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In particular, the importance of neurons of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus in determining susceptibility or resistance to autoimmune and inflammatory disease will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tonelli
- Section of Neuroendocrine Immunology and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Gomez-Serrano M, Tonelli L, Listwak S, Sternberg E, Riley AL. Effects of cross fostering on open-field behavior, acoustic startle, lipopolysaccharide-induced corticosterone release, and body weight in Lewis and Fischer rats. Behav Genet 2001; 31:427-36. [PMID: 11777171 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012742405141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lewis (LEW/N) and Fischer (F344/N) rats differ on a myriad of behavioral and physiological endpoints, some of which have been reported to be affected by maternal experience in outbred rats and other strains. To assess whether epigenetic factors contribute to the differential behavioral responses to stress and pro-inflammatory challenges in these strains, the effects of cross fostering on open-field, acoustic startle, and glucocorticoid reactivity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined in the present experiment. In the open-field test, although in-fostered female LEW/N and F344/N strains did not differ, female LEW/N rats displayed significantly greater activity than female F344/N rats in the cross-fostered condition. Differences between males of the two strains were increased by cross fostering, with the LEW/N strain displaying greater total activity. In acoustic startle, there was little strain difference between in-fostered or cross-fostered female rats. On the other hand, in-fostered male LEW/N rats had a significantly greater startle response than in-fostered male F344/N rats, an effect that was dramatically reduced by cross fostering. In-fostered female LEW/N rats displayed a blunted corticosterone response relative to in-fostered female F344/N rats, an effect that was reduced by cross fostering. Conversely, although there was no strain difference between male in-fostered rats, cross-fostered male F344/N rats displayed a significantly greater corticosterone response to LPS than cross-fostered male LEW/N rats. Finally, body weight differences between in-fostered LEW/N and F344/N rats were reduced by cross fostering. Together, these data illustrate that maternal factors play a role in the behavioral and physiological responses to stress between the two strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gomez-Serrano
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) and interleukin (IL)-10 gene expression is equivocal in normal brain and upregulated in over a dozen central and peripheral diseases/disorders. The patterns of specific expression of cytokines differ in these diseases. Published data indicate that these cytokines are produced by and act on both neurons and glial cells. Although their actions are commonly viewed as 'anti-inflammatory', they protect neurons and downregulate the responses of glial cells to diseases/disorders in the absence of inflammation. Their actions counterbalance the actions of elevated IL-1 and/or tumor necrosis factor-alpha to maintain homeostasis. Their therapeutic potential will be realized by improving our understanding of their place in neural cytokine networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vitkovic
- Integrative Neural Immune Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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29
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Iuchtman M, Alfici R, Sternberg E, Trost L, Litmanovitch M. Multimodality management in severe pediatric spleen trauma. Isr Med Assoc J 2000; 2:523-5. [PMID: 10979327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma is the leading cause of death in children. In abdominal lesions the spleen is the most commonly involved organ. During the last two decades much effort has focused on spleen tissue conservation. OBJECTIVES To analyze the rationale of a multimodality management policy that includes autotransfusion and mesh wrapping. METHODS Data gathered over 14 years illustrate the introduction of new techniques and their impact on cases of severe spleen rupture. RESULTS A total of 122 children were treated during the 14 year period, 1985-98. In 16 children an absorbable mesh wrapping, alone or in combination with other techniques, was used to obtain hemostatis and save spleen tissue. CONCLUSIONS Mesh wrapping, partial splenectomy and autotransfusion can be used, alone or in combination, to preserve severely injured spleens. According to our records, all children survived with a functional spleen. There were no cases of rebleeding. In only one case of prolonged postoperative fever could the cause be traced to an infected spleen hematoma that was drained transcutaneously. Autotransfusion is performed simply and without the use of a "cell saver." Its use can be crucial in small or field hospitals or in a situation of mass casualty.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iuchtman
- Department of Surgery A, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. http:/hy.health.gov.il
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30
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Zamir D, Groisman G, Zamir C, Sternberg E, Iuchtman M, Alfisi R, Weiner P. Severe jaundice in a gunshot casualty due to the coexistence of Dubin-Johnson and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. J Clin Gastroenterol 1999; 28:383-5. [PMID: 10372945 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-199906000-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
We report an unusual case of a 21-year-old man who was shot in his abdomen in the course of a robbery. He was previously diagnosed as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient. Mild icterus was noticed on admission to the emergency room. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a perforated ileal loop that was resected, and because the liver color was greenish black, a liver biopsy was performed during the operation. After operation the patient went through a severe icteric state that resolved spontaneously within a few days. Urinary coproporphyrin levels, along with compatible liver biopsy, confirmed the diagnosis of Dubin-Johnson disease. Severe hyperbilirubinemia after an abdominal injury is uncommon and is usually due to either a biliary duct injury or iatrogenic injury. This case presents an unusual cause of severe postoperative jaundice due to the rare coexistence of two inherited disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zamir
- Department of Medicine A, Institute of Pathology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, and Hadera Subdistrict Health Office, Israel
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31
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Iuchtman M, Sternberg A, Alfici R, Sternberg E, Fireman T. [Iatrogenic gallstone ileus as a new complication of Bouveret's syndrome]. Harefuah 1999; 136:122-4, 174. [PMID: 10914179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Bouveret's syndrome involves gastric outlet obstruction caused by a gallstone in the duodenum. This type of gallstone ileus can be diagnosed and treated endoscopically. Endoscopic stone removal is especially indicated in poor risk patients. A dislodged impacted stone can migrate distally and cause small bowel mechanical obstruction. We report a 51-year-old woman who underwent endoscopic duodenal stone manipulation which resulted in small bowel obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iuchtman
- Dept. of Surgery, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera
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32
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Paulus MP, Geyer MA, Sternberg E. Differential movement patterns but not amount of activity in unconditioned motor behavior of Fischer, Lewis, and Sprague-Dawley rats. Physiol Behav 1998; 65:601-6. [PMID: 9877429 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Histocompatible Fischer 344 and Lewis rats have been shown to differ on a wide variety of behavioral, chemical, and molecular measures. This investigation aimed to clarify strain differences in unconditioned motor behavior with respect to the amount and patterns of movements. Twenty female Fischer 344, Lewis, and Sprague-Dawley were tested in the Behavioral Pattern Monitor for 30 min. The locomotor activity and movement patterns, quantified by counts of photobeam breaks and the spatial scaling exponent, d, were assessed. The level of locomotor activity did not differ significantly between Fischer, Lewis, and Sprague-Dawley rats. In contrast, movement patterns differed significantly between the strains. Specifically, Sprague-Dawley rats exhibited significantly more straight movements than both Fischer and Lewis rats. Moreover, Lewis rats showed significantly more straight movements compared to Fischer rats during the first 10 min in the enclosures. Differences in movement patterns across strains may provide an important behavioral variable to further explore the genetic and developmental aspects of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Paulus
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA.
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Becker KJ, McCarron RM, Ruetzler C, Laban O, Sternberg E, Flanders KC, Hallenbeck JM. Immunologic tolerance to myelin basic protein decreases stroke size after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:10873-8. [PMID: 9380727 PMCID: PMC23514 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.20.10873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune mechanisms contribute to cerebral ischemic injury. Therapeutic immunosuppressive options are limited due to systemic side effects. We attempted to achieve immunosuppression in the brain through oral tolerance to myelin basic protein (MBP). Lewis rats were fed low-dose bovine MBP or ovalbumin (1 mg, five times) before 3 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). A third group of animals was sensitized to MBP but did not survive the post-stroke period. Infarct size at 24 and 96 h after ischemia was significantly less in tolerized animals. Tolerance to MBP was confirmed in vivo by a decrease in delayed-type hypersensitivity to MBP. Systemic immune responses, characterized in vitro by spleen cell proliferation to Con A, lipopolysaccharide, and MBP, again confirmed antigen-specific immunologic tolerance. Immunohistochemistry revealed transforming growth factor beta1 production by T cells in the brains of tolerized but not control animals. Systemic transforming growth factor beta1 levels were equivalent in both groups. Corticosterone levels 24 h after surgery were elevated in all sham-operated animals and ischemic control animals but not in ischemic tolerized animals. These results demonstrate that antigen-specific modulation of the immune response decreases infarct size after focal cerebral ischemia and that sensitization to the same antigen may actually worsen outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Becker
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
Abstract:
There are three major classes of photosensitizers which can initiate a phototoxic effect to tissues upon irradiation. These are the cationic dyes (Type I Photosensitizer), the psoralens (Type I and II Photosensitizer),
and cyclic polypyrrolic compounds (Type II Photosensitizer). The polypyrrolic compounds such
as porphyrins have been investigated since the late 1800's for their ability to destroy tissue. In the last ten years, compounds such as chlorins and expanded porphyrins have begun to dominate the preclinical field because they can be activated with light at wavelengths tissue does not effectively absorb. The results of these investigation have been reported in more than
10,000 papers in the field covering aspects from mechanisms of action, photophysics, structure activity relationships, new compound development and clinical investigations. With the approval of PHOTOFRJN®, (porfimer sodium), the first of the pyrrolic compounds to win acceptance by international regulatory bodies and with nearly 10 other second generation compounds undergoing early clinical trials for diseases ranging from esophageal and skin cancers to age related macular degeneration, the field of photodynamic therapy would seem to have a bright future.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Sternberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - D. Dolphin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z1
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Abstract
Heat-related injury or illness (HRI) occurs when the body can no longer maintain a healthy core temperature. During the 1993 Midwest floods, several risk factors HRI were present for workers involved in sandbagging activities. Medical claims filed by Illinois National Guard troops were used to identify injuries. HRI was the most frequently reported injury diagnosis, at 19.3% (23 of 119 injuries). HRI represented 16.0% of injuries to men and 41.7% of injuries to women. HRI can be influenced by high ambient temperatures, high humidity, and prolonged exertion, all of which were present in Illinois. Our results indicate that HRI is a potential problem in disaster relief situations. Further investigation using more detailed data is needed to confirm these findings. Implementation of a few simple preventive measures may decrease the impact of this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Dellinger
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA 30341, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sternberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
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37
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Molad I, Berliner S, Arber N, Kidron D, Sternberg E, Ben-Bassat M, Giler S, Pinkhas J, Aronson M. Increased leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation and tissue leukostasis following surgical trauma. Int Surg 1993; 78:20-4. [PMID: 8473077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to document the increased leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation (LAA) and tissue leukostasis that follow surgical trauma. We found that following major abdominal surgery, the percentage of aggregated leukocytes in the peripheral blood increased from 8.6 +/- 7 to 21.7 +/- 11.5 (p < 0.001), while the respective values for patients undergoing minor surgery were 3.7 +/- 2.4 and 19.7 +/- 7.6% (p < 0.001). The state of LAA was also determined in eight dogs after partial collectomy and four controls. A clear increment in the degree of tissue leukostasis (especially in the spleen, liver and lungs) was noted in the operated as compared to the control animals. In addition, a significant correlation was found between the state of LAA, determined in the venous (p = 0.0004) and arterial (p = 0.002) blood of these animals and the degree of tissue leukostasis. We conclude that a state of increased LAA in the peripheral blood is induced by surgical trauma and that this increased LAA correlates with tissue leukostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Molad
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel
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38
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Sandbank J, Zelikovski A, Haddad M, Sternberg E. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (epithelioid hemangioma). J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1991; 32:370-2. [PMID: 2055938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Sandbank
- Vascular Unit, Beilinson Medical Center, Israel
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Wilkinson KD, Smith SE, O'Connor L, Sternberg E, Taggart JJ, Berges DA, Butt T. A specific inhibitor of the ubiquitin activating enzyme: synthesis and characterization of adenosyl-phospho-ubiquitinol, a nonhydrolyzable ubiquitin adenylate analogue. Biochemistry 1990; 29:7373-80. [PMID: 2171643 DOI: 10.1021/bi00484a004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A nonhydrolyzable analogue of ubiquitin adenylate has been synthesized for use as a specific inhibitor of the ubiquitination of proteins. Ubiquitin adenylate is a tightly bound intermediate formed by the ubiquitin activating enzyme. The inhibitor adenosyl-phospho-ubiquitinol (APU) is the phosphodiester of adenosine and the C-terminal alcohol derived from ubiquitin. APU is isosteric with the normal reaction intermediate, the mixed anhydride of ubiquitin and AMP, but results from the replacement of the carbonyl oxygen of Gly76 with a methylene group. This stable analogue would be expected to bind to both ubiquitin and adenosine subsites and result in a tightly bound competitive inhibitor of ubiquitin activation. APU inhibits the ATP-PPi exchange reaction catalyzed by the purified ubiquitin activating enzyme in a manner competitive with ATP (Ki = 50 nM) and noncompetitive with ubiquitin (Ki = 35 nM). AMP has no effect on the inhibition, confirming that the inhibitor binds to the free form of the enzyme and not the thiol ester form. This inhibition constant is 10-fold lower than the dissociation constants for each substrate and 30-1000-fold lower than the respective Km values for ubiquitin and ATP. APU also effectively inhibits conjugation of ubiquitin to endogenous proteins catalyzed by reticulocyte fraction II with an apparent Ki of 0.75 microM. This weaker inhibition is consistent with the fact that activation of ubiquitin is not rate limiting in the conjugation reactions catalyzed by fraction II. APU is similarly effective as an inhibitor of the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of beta-lactoglobulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Wilkinson
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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40
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Landau O, Sternberg E, Haddad M, Reiss R. Benign gastric polyps. JAMA 1990; 263:518. [PMID: 2294321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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41
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Ecker DJ, Butt TR, Marsh J, Sternberg E, Shatzman A, Dixon JS, Weber PL, Crooke ST. Ubiquitin function studied by disulfide engineering. J Biol Chem 1989; 264:1887-93. [PMID: 2536376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Disulfide engineering was used to probe the role of conformational mobility in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Six genes that encode cysteine-containing mutants of ubiquitin were constructed, expressed in Escherichia coli and the proteins purified. Single cysteine-containing mutants and a 4/14 disulfide were active in degradation of a substrate protein in vitro, while the 4/66 disulfide, which cross-links the NH2- and COOH-terminal strands of the protein, was only 20-30% active. The solution structure of the 4/66 mutant was solved: the disulfide is left-handed with no perturbations in the backbone from that of wild type ubiquitin. The results suggest that conformational mobility is required for the activity of ubiquitin in signaling proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Ecker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Smith Kline and French Laboratories, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939
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42
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Ecker DJ, Butt TR, Marsh J, Sternberg E, Shatzman A, Dixon JS, Weber PL, Crooke ST. Ubiquitin Function Studied by Disulfide Engineering. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)94271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Fadilah R, Berliner S, Yuli I, Weinberger D, Nili M, Ben-Bassat M, Sternberg E, Pinkhas J, Aronson M. Instability of leukocyte aggregation: lack of evidence for leukoembolization during various states of inflammation. Inflammation 1988; 12:425-32. [PMID: 3198248 DOI: 10.1007/bf00919436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study centers on the question of whether the phenomenon of leukocyte aggregation, which is typical to inflammatory conditions, is pathogenic per se. We examined patients and laboratory animals in whom the presence of aggregated leukocytes in the peripheral blood was documented by direct visualization and where, despite the presence of aggregated leukocytes, neither the patients nor the laboratory animals showed clinical or pathological evidence for leukoembolization. Our in vitro findings about the reversibility of the phenomenon of leukocyte aggregation help to explain the above-mentioned observations as well as the well-known daily clinical experience that, despite complement activation and other aggregatory stimuli, there is no clinical or pathological evidence for leukoembolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fadilah
- Department of Internal Medicine "D", Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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Monia BP, Butt TR, Mirabelli CK, Ecker DJ, Sternberg E, Crooke ST. Induction of metallothionein is correlated with resistance to auranofin, a gold compound, in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mol Pharmacol 1987; 31:21-6. [PMID: 3807890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular weight, thiol-rich, metal-binding proteins. Auranofin (AF) is a gold compound active in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The effects of AF on regulation of MT gene expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells were studied. AF-resistant cells accumulated substantial amounts of MT mRNA and protein, whereas no induction was observed in AF-sensitive cells. Cells capable of inducing MT in the presence of AF were much less sensitive to AF-mediated cytotoxicity. Induction of MT by low concentrations of Cd protected cells from subsequently administered doses of AF. The level of protection correlated with the level of induced MT. These findings indicate that MT plays a central role in the mechanisms underlying cellular resistance to gold compounds.
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Abstract
Type beta transforming growth factor (TGF beta) has been shown to be both a positive and negative regulator of cellular proliferation and differentiation. The effects of TGF beta also are cell-type specific and appear to be modulated by other growth factors. In the present study, we examined the potential of TGF beta for control of myogenic differentiation. In mouse C-2 myoblasts, TGF beta inhibited fusion and prevented expression of the muscle-specific gene products, creatine kinase and acetylcholine receptor. Differentiation of the nonfusing muscle cell line, BC2Hl, was also inhibited by TGF beta in a dose-dependent manner (ID50 approximately 0.5 ng/ml). TGF beta was not mitogenic for either muscle cell line, indicating that its inhibitory effects do not require cell proliferation. Inhibition of differentiation required the continual presence of TGF beta in the culture media. Removal of TGF beta led to rapid appearance of muscle proteins, which indicates that intracellular signals generated by TGF beta are highly transient and require continuous occupancy of the TGF beta receptor. Northern blot hybridization analysis using a muscle creatine kinase cDNA probe indicated that TGF beta inhibited differentiation at the level of muscle-specific mRNA accumulation. These results provide the first demonstration that TGF beta is a potent regulator of myogenic differentiation and suggest that TGF beta may play an important role in the control of tissue-specific gene expression during development.
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Abstract
The induction of a copper-binding metallothionein (Cu-MT) was studied in yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a relationship between copper resistance and intracellular levels of Cu-MT in these eukaryotes was established. Poly(A)-containing RNA from a copper-resistant (Cur) yeast strain, which synthesized abundant quantities of Cu-MT and in which Cu-MT gene transcription was enhanced 50-fold upon exposure to CuSO4, was used to screen yeast genomic DNA clones. Restriction analysis revealed common XbaI and KpnI sites in five genomic clones isolated. The transcription of these clones was regulated by copper. Transformation of a copper-sensitive (Cus) yeast strain by one of these clones confers copper resistance in yeast. The results suggest that the expression of the Cu-MT gene is, in part, responsible for mediating copper resistance in yeast.
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47
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Sternberg E. [Recent paths of clinical research in soviet psychiatry (author's transl)]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr Grenzgeb 1979; 47:1-23. [PMID: 252472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Sternberg E, Gawrilowa S. [Clinical and epidemiological findings of a psychogeriatric investigation in the soviet union (author's transl)]. Nervenarzt 1978; 49:347-53. [PMID: 683383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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49
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Sternberg E. [Current status of schizophrenia research and some of its actual problems with special reference to studies performed at the Institute for Psychiatry of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr Grenzgeb 1973; 41:123-40. [PMID: 4487947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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50
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Sternberg E, Dujovny M, Segal R, Toledo E, Lubin E. [Giant intracranial aneurysms of the internal carotid artery]. Harefuah 1973; 84:4-9. [PMID: 4692809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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