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Chu V, Fascetti AJ, Larsen JA, Montano M, Giulivi C. Factors influencing vitamin B6 status in domestic cats: age, disease, and body condition score. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2037. [PMID: 38263201 PMCID: PMC10806207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Limited studies are available on vitamin B6 status in domestic cats. To this end, we evaluated glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity in hemolysates with and without pyridoxal 5'-phosphate addition in two feline populations: a cohort of 60 healthy, domestic (sexually intact and specific pathogen-free) cats maintained under strictly controlled conditions with appropriate diets housed at the Feline Nutrition and Pet Care Center, and a cohort of 57 cats randomly selected between December 2022 to January 2023 that visited the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital to seek care under different circumstances. The GOT activity expressed as the ratio with and without pyridoxal 5'-phosphate addition (primary activation ratio; PAR) decreased significantly with age in the healthy cohort. The PAR values normalized to age established a cut-off for vitamin B6 deficiency in both cohorts, identifying 17 of 101 animals as vitamin B6 deficient. Using machine learning, a partition-based model (decision tree) was built to identify the most important factors that predicted vitamin B6 deficiency while using the resulting tree to make predictions for new observations. This analysis, performed with all 101 cats, revealed that the diagnosis of an infectious, chronic or acute condition (0.55) was the main contributor, followed by age (0.26), and body condition score (optimal-overweight; 0.19). Thus, our study supports that vitamin B6 supplementation may be indicated in junior to adult animals diagnosed with an infectious, chronic, or acute conditions or healthy cats with body weight ranging from optimal to overweight. In older cats, even if healthy, underweight to optimal cats appear to be at risk of vitamin B6 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vy Chu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrea J Fascetti
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maria Montano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute UCDH, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Roth-Schulze AJ, Penno MAS, Ngui KM, Oakey H, Bandala-Sanchez E, Smith AD, Allnutt TR, Thomson RL, Vuillermin PJ, Craig ME, Rawlinson WD, Davis EA, Harris M, Soldatos G, Colman PG, Wentworth JM, Haynes A, Barry SC, Sinnott RO, Morahan G, Bediaga NG, Smyth GK, Papenfuss AT, Couper JJ, Harrison LC. Type 1 diabetes in pregnancy is associated with distinct changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiome. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:167. [PMID: 34362459 PMCID: PMC8349100 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome changes in response to a range of environmental conditions, life events and disease states. Pregnancy is a natural life event that involves major physiological adaptation yet studies of the microbiome in pregnancy are limited and their findings inconsistent. Pregnancy with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with increased maternal and fetal risks but the gut microbiome in this context has not been characterized. By whole metagenome sequencing (WMS), we defined the taxonomic composition and function of the gut bacterial microbiome across 70 pregnancies, 36 in women with T1D. RESULTS Women with and without T1D exhibited compositional and functional changes in the gut microbiome across pregnancy. Profiles in women with T1D were distinct, with an increase in bacteria that produce lipopolysaccharides and a decrease in those that produce short-chain fatty acids, especially in the third trimester. In addition, women with T1D had elevated concentrations of fecal calprotectin, a marker of intestinal inflammation, and serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), a marker of intestinal epithelial damage. CONCLUSIONS Women with T1D exhibit a shift towards a more pro-inflammatory gut microbiome during pregnancy, associated with evidence of intestinal inflammation. These changes could contribute to the increased risk of pregnancy complications in women with T1D and are potentially modifiable by dietary means. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Roth-Schulze
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Megan A S Penno
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Katrina M Ngui
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Helena Oakey
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Esther Bandala-Sanchez
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alannah D Smith
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Theo R Allnutt
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Thomson
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Peter J Vuillermin
- Faculty of School of Medicine, Deakin University and Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Maria E Craig
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - William D Rawlinson
- Virology Research Laboratory, Serology and Virology Division, South Eastern Area Laboratory Services Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Davis
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mark Harris
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Georgia Soldatos
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne and Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Peter G Colman
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - John M Wentworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Aveni Haynes
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Simon C Barry
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Richard O Sinnott
- Melbourne eResearch Group, School of Computing and Information Services, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Naiara G Bediaga
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology and School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology and School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Bioinformatics and Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Couper
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Leonard C Harrison
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Sakakeeny L, Roubenoff R, Obin M, Fontes JD, Benjamin EJ, Bujanover Y, Jacques PF, Selhub J. Plasma pyridoxal-5-phosphate is inversely associated with systemic markers of inflammation in a population of U.S. adults. J Nutr 2012; 142:1280-5. [PMID: 22623384 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.153056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Low vitamin B-6 status, based on plasma concentrations of pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP), has been identified in inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and diabetes. Our objective was to examine the association between plasma PLP and multiple markers of inflammation in a community-based cohort [n = 2229 participants (55% women, mean age 61 ± 9 y)]. We created an overall inflammation score (IS) as the sum of standardized values of 13 individual inflammatory markers. Multivariable-adjusted regression analysis was used to assess the associations between the IS and plasma PLP. Geometric mean plasma PLP concentrations were lower in the highest tertile category of IS relative to the lowest (61 vs. 80 nmol/L; P-trend < 0.0001). Similarly, the prevalence of PLP insufficiency was significantly higher for participants in the highest compared with the lowest tertiles for IS categories. These relationships persisted after accounting for vitamin B-6 intake. Also, there were significant inverse relationships between plasma PLP and 4 IS based on functionally related markers, including acute phase reactants, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and oxidative stress. In addition, secondary analyses revealed that many of the individual inflammatory markers were inversely associated with plasma PLP after adjusting for plasma C-reactive protein concentration. This study, in combination with past findings, further supports our hypothesis that inflammation is associated with a functional deficiency of vitamin B-6. We discuss 2 possible roles for PLP in the inflammatory process, including tryptophan metabolism and serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Sakakeeny
- Vitamin Metabolism Laboratory, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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