1
|
Imran S, Yasmeen R, Mansoor M. Development and validation of self-assessment instrument to measure the digital professionalism of healthcare professionals using social media. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:243. [PMID: 38448892 PMCID: PMC10919038 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of social media across the globe has risen incrementally. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these sites undeniably provided new avenues for professional networking but also led to a surge in cases of online misconduct. Professionalism instruments and scales do not assess the digital attitude and behaviour of healthcare professionals (HCPs). The purpose of this study was to identify the domains and items of digital professionalism related to social media use and to validate a self-assessment instrument to assess the digital professionalism of HCPs using social media. METHODS An instrument development multiphase mixed method study (exploratory sequential) was conducted in two phases: item development and qualitative content validation followed by validation of the instrument. Feedback was taken from 15 experts for qualitative content validation in phase 1. In phase 2, content validity was established through three rounds of modified Delphi. Validity evidence was collected for the content (content validity index), response process (cognitive interviews), internal structure (confirmatory factor analysis), and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). RESULTS The 48-item preliminary instrument was reduced to a 28-item instrument with eight domains: self-anonymity, privacy settings, maintenance of boundaries and confidentiality, conflict of interest, accountability, respect for colleagues, and ethics. The content validity index of the scale was 0.91. The reliability and construct validity of the instrument was established by responses from 500 healthcare professionals from multiple hospitals. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a model with a goodness-of-fit index of 0.86, root mean square error of approximation of 0.06, and observed normed χ2 of 2.7. The internal consistency through Cronbach's alpha α was 0.96. CONCLUSION The digital professionalism self-assessment instrument (DP-SAI) has an appropriate level of content and measures the construct reliably. It can be used by medical doctors, dental clinicians, nurses, physiotherapists, and clinical pharmacists to self-assess and reflect on their social media practices. This will help to address these issues to enhance the quality of online communication through various social media platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Imran
- Department of Anatomy, NUST School of Health Sciences (NSHS), National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Rahila Yasmeen
- Dean Riphah Academy of Research & Education, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Memoona Mansoor
- Department of Medical Education, Islamabad Medical & Dental College, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ho JY, Tuang V, Teo DB, Ponnamperuma G. Development and validation of a new self-assessment tool to measure professionalism among medical students. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2023; 52:457-466. [PMID: 38920192 DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2022457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Professionalism is a key quality that medical students should possess, but it is difficult to define and assess. Current assess-ment tools have room for improvement. This study aimed to design and validate a self-assessment tool to assess professionalism among medical students. Method A questionnaire was created based on 10 tenets of professionalism from the Charter on Medical Professionalism jointly published by the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation, American College of Physicians Foundation and European Federation of Internal Medicine, along with input from Singapore guides. The self-administered questionnaire was administered to Year 2 to 5 students from Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore in a voluntary, anonymised manner in the academic year of 2019/2020. Construct validity and internal reliability were evaluated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Results There was a total of 541 respondents. After removing incomplete responses, 504 responses were included. Following PCA, a 17-item questionnaire titled "Medical Professionalism: A Self-assessment Tool" (MPAST) with a 5-component solution was obtained. The 5 components were commit-ment to: (1) patient's best interest, (2) honesty and integrity, (3) professional competency, (4) patient safety and care, and (5) educational responsibilities. Their Cronbach's alpha value ranged from 0.540 to 0.714, with an overall Cronbach's alpha value of 0.777. Conclusion MPAST is valid, reliable, practical, and is the first validated self-assessment tool to assess professional attributes and behaviours among medical students, to our knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang Ho
- Internal Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - Desmond B Teo
- Fast and Chronic Programmes, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore
| | - Gominda Ponnamperuma
- Centre for Medical Education, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mustafa M, Terair S, Al Ageeli E, Gohal G, Salih S. What are the Attitudes of Medical Students at Jazan University Toward Professionalism? ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2023; 14:343-354. [PMID: 37057076 PMCID: PMC10089272 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s399888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed the attitudes of Jazan University medical students toward professionalism and evaluated the associations of those attitudes with demographic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven hundred ninety-seven respondents (88.85% response rate) out of 898 students who were invited to this study (50.7% were men and 49.3% were women) were studied by their response to the Learner's Attitude of Medical Professionalism Scale (LAMPS) that assess their level of agreement with 28 items, each reflecting a single professionalism competency within the subscales of Altruism, Excellence, Duty/Accountability, Honor/Integrity, and Respect for Others. RESULTS Of 797 respondents (88.85% response rate), 50.7% were men and 49.3% were women. Subscales with high agreement scores were Excellence (median, 21.0; range, 6-30) and Duty/Accountability (median, 21.0; range, 7-35). Subscales with slightly lower agreement scores were Respect for Others (median, 15.0; range, 5-25), Altruism (median, 15.0; range, 5-25), and Honor/Integrity (median, 12.0; range, 5-25). No sex differences were observed for most subscales; however, men gave higher agreement scores on the Excellence subscale, and compared with year 3 respondents (preclinical phase), year 6 respondents (clinical phase) gave higher agreement scores on the Excellence, Altruism, and Respect for Others subscales. CONCLUSION Overall, medical students at Jazan University indicated high agreement with all attitudes to professionalism subscales on the LAMPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Mustafa
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salaheldin Terair
- Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Al Ageeli
- Cinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gassem Gohal
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Salih
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tanrıverdi EÇ, Nas MA, Kaşali K, Layık ME, El-Aty AMA. Validity and reliability of the Professionalism Assessment Scale in Turkish medical students. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281000. [PMID: 36701346 PMCID: PMC9879428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical professionalism is a basic competency in medical education. This study aimed to adapt the Professionalism Assessment Scale, which is used to evaluate the professionalism attitudes of medical students, into Turkish and to assess its validity and reliability. First, the scale's translation-back-translation was performed and piloted on 30 students. Then, the final scale was applied to medical students to ensure the scale's validity. The Penn State University College of Medicine Professionalism Questionnaire was used for external validation to assess criterion validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed for structure validity. Test-retest, item correlations, split-half analysis, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were evaluated to determine the scale's reliability. SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 24.0 package programs were used for statistical analysis. The statistical significance level was accepted as P<0.05. The mean age of the participants was 21±2 years, and 50.5% (n = 166) were female. Three hundred thirty-five students were invited, and 329 participated in the study. The response rate was 98%. The mean total Professionalism Assessment Scale score was 96.36±12.04. The three-factor structure of the scale, "empathy and humanism," "professional relationship and development," and "responsibility," was confirmed. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.94, and both the Spearman-Brown and Guttman split-half coefficients were 0.89. The three-factor structure of the scale, consisting of 22 items, explained 59.1% of the total variance. The intraclass correlation coefficient between test-retest measurements was 0.81. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a model suitable for the original version of the scale (χ2/sd = 2.814, RMSEA = 0.074). The Turkish version of the Professionalism Assessment Scale is a valid and reliable tool to determine the professionalism attitudes of medical students in Turkey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Çınar Tanrıverdi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Education, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Nas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Education, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Kamber Kaşali
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Layık
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Education, Yüzüncüyıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - A. M. Abd El-Aty
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alfaris E, Irfan F, Alosaimi FD, Shaffi Ahamed S, Ponnamperuma G, Ahmed AMA, Almousa H, Almotairi N, AlWahibi T, AlQuaeefli M, AlFwzan F, Alomem T, Al-Eraky MM. Does professionalism change with different sociodemographic variables? A survey of Arab medical residents. Ann Med 2022; 54:2191-2203. [PMID: 35989634 PMCID: PMC9397477 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical professionalism reflects the commitment of physicians to their patients, society, themselves, and the profession. The study examined residents' attitudes towards professionalism and how these attitudes vary among the different demographic groups, namely gender, specialty, and year of residency. METHODS A proportionate random sampling strategy was used to select the study sample. Medical residents from six specialties at a large tertiary care teaching facility were invited to participate in an online survey. The survey used the modified Learners Attitude of Medical Professionalism Scale (LAMPS), which consists of five domains: respect, excellence, altruism, duty/accountability, and integrity. Chi-square, Student t-test, one-way ANOVA, factorial ANOVA, and post hoc analysis were used to examine the attitudinal differences towards professionalism among the different demographic factors. RESULTS The overall response rate was 82.7%. Overall, the residents' self-reported attitudes towards professionalism was positive. The highest score was for the "respect" domain (4.61), and the lowest was for "altruism" (3.67). No significant association was found between the mean scores and the three studied variables, namely, gender, specialty (surgical/nonsurgical), and level (senior/junior). CONCLUSIONS No significant differences were observed in the overall attitude towards professionalism among the residents regarding their year of residency, gender, and specialty. The low altruism score and absence of improvement of the total score regarding the residents' increasing experience in the profession are concerns that need remedial action. Therefore, we suggest that future research look for possible explanations by using multi-institutional surveys that explore not only the residents' attitudes, but also the trainers' attitudes and practice, work situations, the hidden curriculum, and culture. Key messagesAttitudes towards professionalism among different demographic groups of residents do not show similar variations as has been reported in the literature, albeit in different sociocultural contexts.The low altruism score and absence of improvement of the total score as the residents gained more experience in the profession are concerns that need remedial action.A longitudinal study involving more than one institution for both residents and their faculty members to compare faculty scores with those of residents, while controlling for specialty and gender, may help elucidate the factors affecting attitudes towards professionalism and suggest possible means of addressing unfavourable attitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiad Alfaris
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhana Irfan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad D Alosaimi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaik Shaffi Ahamed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gominda Ponnamperuma
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Abdullah M A Ahmed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Almousa
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Almotairi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamim AlWahibi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Faisal AlFwzan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareq Alomem
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Al-Eraky
- Department of Medical Education, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guttormsen S, Gogollari A, Huynh-Do U, Schaufelberger M, Huwendiek S, Kunz A, Lahner FM. Developing an Instrument to Evaluate Undergraduate Healthcare Students' Professionalism. PRAXIS 2022; 111:863-870. [PMID: 36415987 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Professionalism is a multidimensional quality acquired over time. Undergraduate years lay a foundation for the development of professionalism. Tools monitoring the students' professional development are needed. Our tool development followed three phases: 1) identifying meaningful criteria for professionalism adapted to the education level, 2) developing an evaluation instrument in a process maximising construct validity, 3) testing the evaluation instrument in an interprofessional study. The evaluation instrument proved to be applicable in the field and it meets validity standards. Some differences between professions were found and discussed. Professionality starts to develop during the education, and early monitoring is important to support students' optimal development. The evaluation instrument supports both self- and expert evaluation of healthcare students' professional development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sissi Guttormsen
- Institute for Medical Education, Medical Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Artemisa Gogollari
- Institute for Medical Education, Medical Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Uyen Huynh-Do
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Bern Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Sören Huwendiek
- Institute for Medical Education, Medical Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Kunz
- Institute for Medical Education, Medical Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Amt für Justizvollzug of Canton Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sattar K, Yusoff MSB, Arifin WN, Yasin MAM, Nor MZM. Scoping Review of frequently highlighted attributes of Medical Professionalism in an Undergraduate Medical Education Context. Pak J Med Sci 2021; 37:1221-1229. [PMID: 34290812 PMCID: PMC8281152 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.4.4004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Medical Professionalism (MP) establishes the trust between society and doctors. We aimed at finding frequently highlighted qualities of MP in the literature. Methods: We searched PubMed and Scopus for attributes of MP, using terms, “Professionalism,” “Medical Students,” and “Undergraduate Medical Education”. We included English language, original research articles with MP attributes from the perspective of undergraduate medical education, any nationality, race, gender, and age range, as the central topic of the article. Papers published from January 1st 1986 to 29th February 2020 were included. Results: From 1349 identified articles, finally, 18 were included, authored in 10 countries, collectively contributing to answering the scoping review question. Two themes were identified: (1)Nurturing of MP, 11 (61.11%) out of 18 included articles, highlighted “respect” as the most dominant attribute as it appeared in 6 (54.55%) out of 11 reviews, “communication” 5 (45.45 %) studies and “honesty” and “integrity” 4 (36.36%). (2)Assessment of MP, 7 (38.89%) studies, and majority, 4 (57.14 %) assessed MP using American Board of Internal Medicine’s elements of MP, viz, “altruism, accountability, excellence, duty, honor and integrity, respect for others.” Conclusions: Themes exemplified MP’s most discoursed issues. The attributes are frequently used worldwide. MP deliberates as a commitment toward the individual patient, society, and necessitates transforming from its present generic form to more explicit details.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Sattar
- Kamran Sattar, MBBS AcadMEd AoME (UK), MMedEd UoD (UK), PhD Scholar. Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff
- Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff, MD, MSc, PhD. Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Nor Arifin
- Wan Nor Arifin: MBBS, MSc. Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azhar Mohd Yasin
- Mohd Azhar Mohd Yasin: MD, MMed (Psy). Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zarawi Mat Nor
- Mohd Zarawi Mat Nor: PhD. Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahmad T, Sattar K, Akram A. Medical professionalism videos on YouTube: Content exploration and appraisal of user engagement. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2287-2292. [PMID: 32884409 PMCID: PMC7451591 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social media has become the fastest growing platform for sharing and retrieving information and knowledge, and YouTube is one of the most popular and growing sources of health and educational information video-sharing website. But, videos on this open platform are not peer-assessed, therefore, the accessible data should be adequately assessed. Till date, no exploration and analysis for assessing the credibility and usefulness of Medical professionalism videos available on YouTube are conducted. Objective To analyze the video sources, contents and quality of YouTube videos about the topic of medical professionalism. Methods A systematic search was accomplished on YouTube videos during the period between March 1, 2020 and March 27, 2020. The phrases as significant words used throughout YouTube web search were ‘Professionalism in Medical Education’, Professionalism in medicine’, ‘Professionalism of medical students’, ‘Professionalism in healthcare’. ‘Teaching professionalism’, ‘Attributes of professionalism’. The basic information collected for each video included author’s/publisher’s name, total number of watchers, likes, dislikes and positive and undesirable remarks. The videos were categorized into educationally useful and useless established on the content, correctness of the knowledge and the advices. Different variables were measured and correlated for the data analysis. YouTube website was searched the using keywords ‘Professionalism in Medical Education’, Professionalism in medicine’, ‘Professionalism of medical students’, ‘Professionalism in healthcare’. ‘Teaching professionalism’, and ‘Attributes of professionalism’. Results After 2 rounds of screening by the subject experts and critical analysis of all the 137 YouTube videos, only 41 (29.92%) were identified as pertinent to the subject matter, i.e., educational type. After on expert viewing these 41 videos established upon our pre-set inclusion/exclusion criteria, only 17 (41.46%) videos were found to be academically valuable in nature. Conclusion Medical professionalism multimedia videos uploaded by the healthcare specialists or organizations on YouTube provided reliable information for medical students, healthcare workers and other professional. We conclude that YouTube is a leading and free online source of videos meant for students or other healthcare workers yet the viewers need to be aware of the source prior to using it for training learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tauseef Ahmad
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kamran Sattar
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ashfaq Akram
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Development and Validation of a Simplified Chinese Version of the Assessment Tool for Students' Perceptions of Medical Professionalism. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:670-678. [PMID: 31347007 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Professionalism is crucial in all professions and is particularly important in the medical field. Measuring students' perceptions of professionalism can help to form education targeting the enhancement of professionalism. This study aimed to validate an effective assessment tool for the measurement of medical students' perceptions of medical professionalism in mainland China. The cross-sectional survey was conducted in three medical colleges in Guangdong, China. Of the 2103 eligible medical students, 1976 responded, and 1856 questionnaires were deemed valid. Students from clinical medicine in these three medical colleges were randomly selected by cluster sampling. First, a Simplified Chinese Version questionnaire to measure Student's Perception of Medical Professionalism (SCV-SPMP) was constructed. Second, questionnaires from 1856 students majoring in clinical medicine at three medical colleges were included in the analysis. Third, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, item-subscale correlation, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to test the validity and reliability of the SCV-SPMP. Nine items were eliminated following exploratory factor analysis, and four subscales were extracted from the analysis. All internal consistency reliability exceeded the minimum standard. The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.94, and four subscales' alphas were 0.82 (Accountability and excellence), 0.81 (Duty), 0.89 (Honor and integrity), and 0.85 (Practice habits and respect for others), respectively. The model fit was good. The convergent validity and discriminant validity were acceptable. The modified SCV-SPMP was found to be a valid and reliable tool to capture the main features of Chinese students' perceptions of medical professionalism in four dimensions, and it provides a quantitative method for the measurement of the students' perceptions in mainland China..
Collapse
|
10
|
Sattar K, Roff S, Siddiqui D, Meo SA. Standing out with Professionalism: How do Students and Faculty of two different Medical Schools perceive it? Pak J Med Sci 2017; 33:1248-1253. [PMID: 29142573 PMCID: PMC5673742 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.335.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Medical professionalism is an essential aspect of medical education and practice worldwide. Our objective was to explore and compare the perception as recommended sanctions about professionalism lapses, using the "Dundee Polyprofessionalism Inventory I: Academic Integrity", among the faculty and the students' of two different medical schools in Saudi Arabia. Methods Respondents from the two medical schools in Saudi Arabia, recommended sanctions for the first time, absolute lapses in academic professionalism were determined by using the "Dundee Polyprofessionalism Inventory 1: Academic Integrity". Results On comparing the faculty and students' responses (from College of Medicine, King Saud University) with the published data (from another, unidentified medical school in Saudi Arabia) we found alignments in recommending sanctions for 14 (46.66%) behaviours among faculty and again concerning the11(36.66%) behaviours among the students of both cohorts. Conclusion The results can be used to emphasise on the improved teaching and learning strategies in undergraduate medical students' understanding of professionalism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Sattar
- Kamran Sattar, Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sue Roff
- Sue Roff, Center for Medical Education, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Durdana Siddiqui
- Durdana Siddiqui, Department of Obe Gynae, Sulaiman Al-Habib Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Sultan Ayoub Meo, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang J, He B, Miao X, Huang X, Lu Y, Chen J. The reliability and validity of a new professionalism assessment scale for young health care workers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017. [PMID: 28640082 PMCID: PMC5484190 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of medical technique, many medical challenges have been solved. This cross-sectional study was aimed to assess the reliability and validity of a new developed scale for assessing the professionalism of young health care workers.This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted based on cluster sampling method in 2015. The participants were from 2 medical centers of Nantong city of Jiangsu province in China. The internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability coefficients. Construct validity was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Content, convergent, and discriminant validities were also assessed in this study.Total 749 individuals aged 29.09 ± 3.91 years old participated in this investigation. There were 745 valid questionnaires and 730 were complete. Cronbach's alpha value (0.944) and the split-half reliability coefficient (0.873) reflected satisfactory internal consistency reliability of this new professionalism assessment scale. EFA extracted a 7-factor model. About 63.4% of the total variance was explained by these factors. However, CFA showed a good model fit after excluding the items with factor loading lower than 0.5. Good discriminant validity of this new developed professionalism assessment scale was also shown (P < .05). However, the evidences for content and convergent validity were not enough in this study.The results showed the satisfactory reliability of this new developed professionalism assessment scale. However, this scale should be modified to improve the validity in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Department of Scientific Research and Teaching, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
| | - Yihua Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li H, Ding N, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wen D. Assessing medical professionalism: A systematic review of instruments and their measurement properties. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177321. [PMID: 28498838 PMCID: PMC5428933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the last three decades, various instruments were developed and employed to assess medical professionalism, but their measurement properties have yet to be fully evaluated. This study aimed to systematically evaluate these instruments’ measurement properties and the methodological quality of their related studies within a universally acceptable standardized framework and then provide corresponding recommendations. Methods A systematic search of the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO was conducted to collect studies published from 1990–2015. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts for eligibility, the articles included in this study were classified according to their respective instrument’s usage. A two-phase assessment was conducted: 1) methodological quality was assessed by following the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist; and 2) the quality of measurement properties was assessed according to Terwee’s criteria. Results were integrated using best-evidence synthesis to look for recommendable instruments. Results After screening 2,959 records, 74 instruments from 80 existing studies were included. The overall methodological quality of these studies was unsatisfactory, with reasons including but not limited to unknown missing data, inadequate sample sizes, and vague hypotheses. Content validity, cross-cultural validity, and criterion validity were either unreported or negative ratings in most studies. Based on best-evidence synthesis, three instruments were recommended: Hisar’s instrument for nursing students, Nurse Practitioners’ Roles and Competencies Scale, and Perceived Faculty Competency Inventory. Conclusion Although instruments measuring medical professionalism are diverse, only a limited number of studies were methodologically sound. Future studies should give priority to systematically improving the performance of existing instruments and to longitudinal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghe Li
- Research Center of Medical Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Research Center of Medical Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Deliang Wen
- Research Center of Medical Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sattar K, Roff S, Meo SA. Your professionalism is not my professionalism: congruence and variance in the views of medical students and faculty about professionalism. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2016; 16:285. [PMID: 27821170 PMCID: PMC5100204 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-016-0807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical professionalism is an essential aspect of medical education and practice worldwide and it must be adopted according to different social and cultural contexts. We examined the current congruence and variance in the perception of professionalism in undergraduate medical students and faculty members in one medical school in Saudi Arabia. METHODS The target population was first year to final year medical students of College of Medicine, King Saud University. Out of a total of 1431 students at College of Medicine 750 students (52 %) participated in the study. Fifty faculty members from clinical and non-clinical departments of the College of Medicine were randomly selected for this study and all participated in the study. The respondents recorded their responses through the Bristol online survey system, using a bilingual (English and Arabic) version of the Dundee Polyprofessionalism Inventory I: Academic integrity, which has 34 items. RESULTS There are 17 lapses (50 % of the total) in professional behaviour where none of the faculty recommend the ignore sanction while students recommended a variable ignore sanction in a range of 6-29 % for different behaviours. Students and faculty recommended similar sanctions for 5 lapses (14.7 % of the total) in professional behaviours. Furthermore, there is statistically significant two level difference between the sanctions approved by faculty and students in the recommended sanctions for 12 lapses (35 % of the total (p < 0.050). CONCLUSIONS These results raised concerns in relation to the students' understanding of professionalism. It is therefore, important to enhance their learning around the attributes of medical professionalism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Sattar
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sue Roff
- Center for Medical Education, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Code of Ethics and Professionalism in Light of Cultural Competency: A Guideline for Saudi Psychologists, Supervisors, and Trainees. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-016-0354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
15
|
Ho MJ, Al-Eraky M. Professionalism in Context: Insights From the United Arab Emirates and Beyond. J Grad Med Educ 2016; 8:268-70. [PMID: 27168903 PMCID: PMC4857514 DOI: 10.4300/jgme-d-16-00103.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jung Ho
- Corresponding author: Ming-Jung Ho, MD, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Da'an District, Taipei City, Taiwan 10617,
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Al-Eraky MM, Donkers J, Wajid G, Van Merrienboer JJG. Faculty development for learning and teaching of medical professionalism. MEDICAL TEACHER 2015; 37 Suppl 1:S40-S46. [PMID: 25803591 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2015.1006604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Professionalism must be explicitly taught, but teaching professionalism is challenging, because medical teachers are not prepared to teach this content area. AIM This study aims at designing and evaluating a faculty development programme on learning and teaching professionalism in the Arabian context. Programme development: The study used a participatory design, where four authors and 28 teachers shared the responsibility in programme design in three steps: orientation workshop for teachers, vignette development, and teaching professionalism to students. The workshop provided the cognitive base on the salient attributes of professionalism in the Arabian context. After the workshop, authors helped teachers to develop a total of 32 vignettes in various clinical aspects, portraying a blend of professionalism dilemmas. A battery of seven questions/triggers was suggested to guide students' reflection. PROGRAMME EVALUATION The programme was evaluated with regard to its "construct" and its "outcomes". The programme has fulfilled the guiding principles for its design and it has emerged from a genuine professionalism framework from local scholarly studies in the Arabian context. Programme outcomes were evaluated at the four levels of Kirkpatrick's model; reaction, learning, behaviour, and results. DISCUSSION The study communicates a number of context-specific issues that should be considered when teaching professionalism in Arabian culture with respect to teachers and students. Three lessons were learned from developing vignettes, as reported by the authors. This study advocates the significance of transforming faculty development from the training discourse of stand-alone interventions to mentorship paradigm of the communities of learning. CONCLUSION A three-step approach (orientation workshop, vignettes development, and teaching professionalism) proved effective for faculty development for learning and teaching of professionalism. Professionalism can be taught using vignettes that demonstrate professionalism dilemmas in a particular context.
Collapse
|
17
|
Klemenc-Ketis Z, Vrecko H. Development and validation of a professionalism assessment scale for medical students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2014; 5:205-11. [PMID: 25382090 PMCID: PMC4249760 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.544b.7972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a scale for the assessment of professionalism in medical students based on students' perceptions of and attitudes towards professionalism in medicine. METHODS This was a mixed methods study with undergraduate medical students. Two focus groups were carried out with 12 students, followed by a transcript analysis (grounded theory method with open coding). Then, a 3-round Delphi with 20 family medicine experts was carried out. A psychometric assessment of the scale was performed with a group of 449 students. The items of the Professionalism Assessment Scale could be answered on a five-point Likert scale. RESULTS After the focus groups, the first version of the PAS consisted of 56 items and after the Delphi study, 30 items remained. The final sample for quantitative study consisted of 122 students (27.2% response rate). There were 95 (77.9%) female students in the sample. The mean age of the sample was 22.1 ± 2.1 years. After the principal component analysis, we removed 8 items and produced the final version of the PAS (22 items). The Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.88. Factor analysis revealed three factors: empathy and humanism, professional relationships and development and responsibility. CONCLUSIONS The new Professionalism Assessment Scale proved to be valid and reliable. It can be used for the assessment of professionalism in undergraduate medical students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zalika Klemenc-Ketis
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Helena Vrecko
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Al-Eraky MM, Donkers J, Wajid G, van Merrienboer JJG. A Delphi study of medical professionalism in Arabian countries: the Four-Gates model. MEDICAL TEACHER 2014; 36 Suppl 1:S8-16. [PMID: 24617789 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2014.886013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical professionalism has been described as a set of attributes and behaviors, yet the Western frameworks of medical professionalism may not resonate with the cultural values of non-Western countries. AIM This study aims to formulate a professionalism framework for healthcare providers as interpreted by local medical professionals in Arabian countries. METHODS A purposive sample of 17 experts from diverse disciplines participated in a Delphi study in three rounds. Consensus was identified by content analysis and by numerical analysis of responses on the basic attributes of medical professionalism in Arabian context. RESULTS Eight professional traits were shortlisted and coupled in four themes (Gates): dealing with self, dealing with tasks, dealing with others and dealing with God. Self-accountability and self-motivation were interpreted from a faithful viewpoint as "taqwa" and "ehtesab", respectively, in Arabic. DISCUSSION The Four-Gates Model helps in better understanding of medical professionalism as grounded in the minds and culture of Arabs. The model may act as a genuine framework for teaching and learning of medical professionalism in Arab medical schools. CONCLUSION The study highlights the divergent interpretation of medical professionalism between Western and Arabian contexts. The Four-Gates Model may work for faith-driven societies, but not for non-Muslims Arabs students or teachers or in institutions with humanistic values.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bin Abdulrahman K, Gibbs T, Harden R. The medical education journey continues. MEDICAL TEACHER 2013; 35 Suppl 1:S5-S7. [PMID: 23464819 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2013.770828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Bin Abdulrahman
- Development & Academic Accreditation, Al-Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Al-Nada, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|