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Baek K, Bell C, Montgomery SB, Ortiz L, Kumar A, Alemi Q. Community-Based Mental Health Challenges and Implications: Examining Factors Influencing Distress and Help-Seeking Behaviors among Korean American Church Leaders and Members in Greater Los Angeles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1094. [PMID: 39200703 PMCID: PMC11354220 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21081094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024]
Abstract
There is limited research on the factors that impact mental distress among Korean American (KA) church leaders even though their unique social situation can create many barriers to seeking mental health assistance. This study compared factors impacting mental distress and help-seeking behaviors between KA church leaders (CLs) and church members (CMs) in the greater Los Angeles area. The respondents (N = 243) were mostly female, married, educated, first-generation immigrants with a mean age of 47.9 years (SD = 19.7). The Hopkins Symptoms Checklist 10 was used to measure anxiety and depression. Hierarchal linear regressions showed that health status exerted the strongest effect on both anxiety and depression among CLs and CMs. Beyond health status, education (only for depression), informal resource use, and resiliency impacted mental distress scores for CLs. Only resiliency and religious coping predicted depression scores among CMs. To effectively reach this population, community-based organizations and behavioral health specialists should consider collaborating with churches to promote and provide essential mental health support. Our findings also highlight that the needs of church leaders (CLs) and church members (CMs) differ, which should guide the development of culturally tailored interventions that build on the resilience of both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Baek
- 1898 Business Center Drive, Department of Social Work & Social Ecology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA (S.B.M.); (L.O.); (Q.A.)
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Park J, Aranda MP, Choi YJ, Jang Y. The Role of Ethnic Community Social Capital in the Association between Acculturation and Psychological Distress among Older Korean Americans. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:608-615. [PMID: 36401712 PMCID: PMC10729732 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-022-01426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Guided by the theories of social capital and stress-buffering, we examined how the association between low acculturation and poor mental health among older immigrants would be modified by social capital in ethnic communities (social cohesion, social engagement, perceived ethnic density, and the quality of social interaction). Using data from the Study of Older Korean Americans (N = 2,150, Mean age = 73.4), direct and interactive effect models were examined. Lower acculturation was associated with a greater level of psychological distress, and their link was modified by social cohesion (β = .19, p < .01) and negative social interactions (β = - .97, p < .01). Findings suggest that the mental health risk associated with low acculturation could be intensified when older immigrants perceive low sense of cohesion in their ethnic communities or have negative interactions with ethnic community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Park
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Edward R. Roybal Institute On Aging, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA
| | - María P Aranda
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Edward R. Roybal Institute On Aging, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA
| | - Yeon Jin Choi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuri Jang
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Edward R. Roybal Institute On Aging, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA.
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Bean CAL, Summers CB, Ciesla JA. Dampening of positive affect and depression: A meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships. Behav Res Ther 2022; 156:104153. [PMID: 35863241 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dampening responses to positive affect have been posited to confer vulnerability to depression, but longitudinal studies have not consistently shown dampening tendencies to predict follow-up depression. The cross-sectional, longitudinal, and cross-lagged relationships between dampening and depression were determined using meta-analytic methods. A systematic literature search of the PsycINFO and PubMed databases supplemented by Google Scholar yielded 60 samples suitable for inclusion in the cross-sectional analyses and 12 samples meeting criteria for the longitudinal analyses. In the first meta-analytic study to examine the relationship between dampening and depression, we found dampening to be associated with depression both cross-sectionally (r = .45) and prospectively (r = 0.34). Crucially, dampening at baseline remained a significant predictor of follow-up depression even after controlling for baseline levels of depression in cross-lagged analyses (β = .09). A bidirectional effect was also found, with baseline levels of depression predicting follow-up tendencies to engage in dampening (r = 0.36). This relationship was again diminished but remained significant after controlling for initial levels of dampening (β = .14). These results suggest that dampening responses to positive affect are a risk factor for the development of depression and highlight the importance of targeting dampening cognitions in treatment.
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Epidemiology of depression among displaced people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2022; 311:114493. [PMID: 35316692 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Displaced people are prone to develop mental health problems due to resettlement in new environments, traumatic events and forced migration. Depression is a mental health problem repeatedly observed among displaced people such as refugees, migrants, asylum seekers and internally displaced persons (IDPs). Therefore, estimating the global pooled prevalence of depression as well as pinpointing its determinants may support policymakers and health care workers to mitigate the disease burden and improve the psychological well-being of displaced people. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHIL, Psych-INFO, and SCOPUS databases were searched for English written relevant observational studies conducted between 1984 and 2020. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Heterogeneity across studies was checked using the Q- and I2 test. Publication bias was checked by observing Funnel plot symmetry and using Egger's regression test. STATA 16 was used to combine studies using a random effect model. RESULTS Of the 4102 studies identified, 81 studies with an overall sample size of 53,458 were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence estimate of depression among displaced people was 26.4% (95% CI; 22.2-31.1). Also, three in five IDPs, one in three refugees and asylum seekers and one in four migrants suffer from depression globally. Being female migrant [AOR: 2.46 95% CI: 1.79-3.13, I2=34.5%), non-partnered marital status [AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.29-3.30, I2= 0.00%], and perceived low social support [AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.00-2.52, I2=34.6%] were significant determinants of depression among displaced people. CONCLUSION Overall, around 1 in 4 displaced people suffer from depression and exceed the prevalence of depression reported by community samples in different nations and demonstrate a need for culturally fitting and targeted responses from migrant/refugee host nations and their serving clinicians.
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Kobel F, Erim Y, Morawa E. Predictors for successful psychotherapy: Does migration status matter? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257387. [PMID: 34529716 PMCID: PMC8445403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated, if migration status, and additional sociodemographic and clinical factors, are associated with somatization and depressiveness at admission and with remission after inpatient psychotherapy. Methods Multiple linear and binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors for severity of somatoform and depressive symptoms at admission of inpatient psychotherapy (T0), and for remission after inpatient psychotherapy (T1). We tested the association between symptoms concerning somatization (PHQ-15: Patient-Health-Questionnaire Somatization Module) and depression (PHQ-9: Patient-Health-Questionnaire Depression Module) and several sociodemographic and clinical factors in 263 patients at admission. For remission after treatment, we additionally included severity of symptoms at admission, number of diagnoses and duration of treatment in the regression models. Remission after treatment was defined as response plus a post value of less than 10 points in the respective questionnaire. Clinical relevance was interpreted using effect sizes (regression coefficients, Odds Ratio (OR)) and Confidence Intervals (CI). Findings Significant and clinically relevant predictors for high symptom severity at T0 were lower education (β = -0.13, p = 0.04), pretreatment(s) (β = 0.205, p = 0.002) and migration status (β = 0.139, p = 0.023) for somatization, and potential clinically relevant predictors (|β|>0.1) for depression were living alone (β = -0.116, p = 0.083), pretreatment(s) (β = 0.118, p = 0.071) and migration status (β = 0.113, p = 0.069). At T1 patients with pretreatment(s) (OR = 0.284 [95% CI: 0.144, 0.560], p<0.001) and multiple diagnoses (OR = 0.678 [95% CI: 0.472, 0.973], p = 0.035) were significantly and clinically relevant less likely to show a remission of depressive symptoms. In addition, a potentially clinically meaningful effect of migration status on remission of depressive symptoms (OR = 0.562 [95% CI: 0.264, 1.198], p = 0.136) cannot be ruled out. For somatoform symptoms pretreatment(s) (OR = 0.403, [95% CI: 0.156, 1.041], p = 0.061) and education (OR = 1.603, [95% CI: 0.670, 3.839], p = 0.289) may be regarded as clinically relevant predictors for remission. Conclusion The results of our study suggest that migration status has a clinically relevant influence on severity of somatoform and depressive symptoms at admission. Clinical relevance of migration status can also be assumed regarding the remission of depression. Migration status and further factors affecting the effectiveness of the treatment should be analyzed in future research among larger samples with sufficient power to replicate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Kobel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Morawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Ying J, Yap P, Gandhi M, Liew TM. Validity and Utility of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Detecting Depression in Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2019; 47:323-334. [PMID: 31307034 PMCID: PMC6878745 DOI: 10.1159/000500940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The psychometric properties of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) have never been substantively investigated in caregivers of persons with dementia (PwD). We evaluated the validity and reliability of CES-D for detecting caregiver depression in dementia, and assessed whether CES-D could provide added utility beyond Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). METHOD Family caregivers of community-dwelling PwD (n = 394) completed self-administered questionnaires containing CES-D. Factorial validity was evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis; convergent and discriminant validity with Pearson's correlation coefficient; known-group validity by comparing across key variables; and internal consistency reliability with Cronbach's α. Cohen's κ was used to compare the agreement between those with depression (CES-D ≥16) and those with high caregiver burden (ZBI >60). RESULTS CES-D demonstrated convergent, discriminant and known-group validity, consistent with a priori hypotheses. The original four-factor model of CES-D produced the best model-fit indices. Internal consistency reliability was good for the CES-D total scale (α = 0.92), but lower for the Positive affect and Interpersonal problems subscales (α = 0.70-0.74). Forty-five percent of the caregivers had depression as identified by CES-D (95% CI 40-50%), but most of them were not identified by high ZBI scores (κ = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS CES-D is a valid and reliable scale for detecting caregiver depression in dementia. It has added utility, beyond that of a caregiver burden scale, in identifying a subgroup of caregivers with depression but not burden. However, two subscales (Positive affect and Interpersonal problems) may require caution in interpretation among non-Caucasian caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Ying
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philip Yap
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mihir Gandhi
- Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tau Ming Liew
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore, .,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,
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The Role of Economic Stress and Coping Resources in Predicting Hwabyung Symptoms. Community Ment Health J 2019; 55:211-221. [PMID: 29951895 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-018-0293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the findings from a study that examined the role of economic stress and coping resources in predicting hwabyung symptoms among Koreans in the United States. The literal meaning of hwabyung is "fire illness" or "anger illness." Koreans believe that chronic stress can cause the onset of hwabyung, manifested mainly through somatic symptoms. Data collected from an anonymous survey of 242 voluntary participants were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression (R2). The findings demonstrated the important role that social support and sense of self-esteem play in explaining hwabyung symptoms. Also, the graduate education attained in the United States appears to play positive role in reducing the hwabyung symptoms, while being a woman can increase their vulnerability to this indigenous psychiatric illness to Korean people. Based on the findings, the implications for practice and suggestions for future study are discussed.
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Seo YJ, Sun S, Cheah CSL. Confirming the multidimensionality of psychological well-being among Korean immigrant mothers in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2019; 48:40-61. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2019.1578612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Seo
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shuyan Sun
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Charissa S. L. Cheah
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Foo SQ, Tam WW, Ho CS, Tran BX, Nguyen LH, McIntyre RS, Ho RC. Prevalence of Depression among Migrants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1986. [PMID: 30213071 PMCID: PMC6163821 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the number of migrants worldwide increases, it is worthwhile to examine the extent to which depression has affected this group of often vulnerable individuals. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the aggregate prevalence of depression among international migrants and to explore the variations in prevalence with demographic and educational factors. A search was conducted on the online databases PubMed and ScienceDirect whole using the terms "depression", "depressive disorder", "immigration", "immigrant", "migration", and "migrant". A total of 25 studies met our inclusion criteria. A random-effects model meta-analysis calculated an aggregate prevalence of 15.6% among migrants. Heterogeneity was identified by meta-regression and subgroup analyses, and the level of educational attainment, employment status, and length of residency spent in country of migration were found to be significant moderators contributing to depression prevalence. In conclusion, newly arrived migrants appear to be susceptible to developing depression and it is imperative that more in the form of preventive strategies and increased assistance be incorporated to ensure their psychological wellbeing and improve their mental health outcomes. Further research should be conducted to better understand the risk of psychiatric disorders among members of this subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea Q Foo
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Wilson W Tam
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.
| | - Cyrus S Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Bach X Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Long H Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Roger C Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
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Ronningstam EF, Keng SL, Ridolfi ME, Arbabi M, Grenyer BFS. Cultural Aspects in Symptomatology, Assessment, and Treatment of Personality Disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2018; 20:22. [PMID: 29582187 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-018-0889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses cultural trends, challenges, and approaches to assessment and treatment of personality traits and disorders. Specific focus include current developments in the Asian, Italian, Iranian, and Australian societies, as well as the process of acculturation, following moves between cultures with the impact on healthy and disordered personality function. RECENT FINDINGS Each culture with its specific history, dimensions, values, and practices influences and gears the individual and family or group in unique ways that affect personality functioning. Similarly, each culture provides means of protection and assimilation as well as norms for acceptance and denunciations of specific behaviors and personality traits. The diagnosis of personality disorders and their treatment need to take into consideration the individual in the context of the culture and society in which they live. Core personality problems, especially emotion dysregulation and interpersonal functioning are specifically influenced by cultural norms and context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa F Ronningstam
- Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
| | | | | | - Mohammad Arbabi
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Brin F S Grenyer
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Fox M, Thayer Z, Wadhwa PD. Assessment of acculturation in minority health research. Soc Sci Med 2017; 176:123-132. [PMID: 28135691 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Acculturation represents an important construct in the context of health disparities. Although several studies have reported relationships between various aspects of acculturation and health in minority populations, crucial inconsistencies remain. One likely reason for these inconsistencies may relate to limitations in the conceptualization and operationalization of acculturation, particularly in the context of health research. The acculturation construct underwent major conceptual and operational change when it was adapted from anthropology to psychology, and we argue another major shift is now required for use of this construct in health research. Issues include determining whether acculturation measures should focus on an individual's internal attitudes or overt behaviors; whether they should characterize cultural orientation status at a given point in time or change over time; whether measures should be culture-specific or more global in nature; how the issue of multiculturalism should be addressed; how measures can optimally incorporate multiple dimensions of acculturation; and whether proxy measures should be used. These issues are important in the context of health research because of their implications for determining the direct and indirect effects of cultural change on health-related biological and behavioral processes. We elaborate on and address each of these issues from a perspective that spans multiple disciplines across the biological and social sciences, and offer concrete recommendations with the ultimate goal of achieving a better understanding of the role of acculturation in minority health and health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Fox
- Department of Anthropology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Zaneta Thayer
- Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Kim HJ, Park E, Storr CL, Tran K, Juon HS. Depression among Asian-American Adults in the Community: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127760. [PMID: 26029911 PMCID: PMC4452590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this systematic review, we provide an overview of the literature on depression among Asian-Americans and explore the possible variations in depression prevalence estimates by methodological and demographic factors. METHODS Six databases were used to identify studies reporting a prevalence estimate for depression in Asian-American adults in non-clinical settings. Meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled estimates of rates of depression by assessment type. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed for subgroup analyses by gender, age, ethnicity, and other participant characteristics. RESULTS A total of 58 studies met the review criteria (n = 21.731 Asian-American adults). Heterogeneity across the studies was considerably high. The prevalence of major depression assessed via standardized clinical interviews ranged between 4.5% and 11.3%. Meta-analyses revealed comparable estimated prevalence rates of depression as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (35.6%, 95% CI 27.6%-43.7%) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (33.1%, 95% CI 14.9%-51.3%). Estimates varied by Asian racial/ethnic group and other participant characteristics. Estimates of depression among special populations, which included maternity, caregivers, and homosexuals, were significantly higher than estimates obtained from other samples (58.8% vs 29.3%, p = .003). Estimates of depression among Korean and Filipino-Americans were similar (33.3%-34.4%); however, the estimates were twice as high as those for Chinese-Americans (15.7%; p = .012 for Korean, p = .049 for Filipino). CONCLUSION There appears to be wide variability in the prevalence rates of depression among Asian-Americans in the US. Practitioners and researchers who serve Asian-American adults need to be sensitive to the potential diversity of the expression of depression and treatment-seeking across Asian-American subgroups. Public health policies to increase Asian-American access to mental health care, including increased screening, are necessary. Further work is needed to determine whether strategies to reduce depression among specific Asian racial/ethnic groups is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jun Kim
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - EunMi Park
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carla L. Storr
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katherine Tran
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hee-Soon Juon
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kim E, Im EO. Korean-Americans' Knowledge about Depression and Attitudes about Treatment Options. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2015; 36:455-63. [PMID: 26241572 PMCID: PMC5334467 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2014.997846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this pilot study was to explore first-generation Korean-Americans' knowledge about depression and attitudes about depression treatment options. Self-report survey data were gathered from 73 first-generation Korean-Americans (KAs) using instruments developed for this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including t-tests. Data indicated participants lacked knowledge about depression. Among all depression treatment options, exercise was the option that first-generation KAs were most willing to try and was rated as having the least shame attached to it. Taking an antidepressant was the option KAs reported being most unwilling to try and had the highest shame attached to it. No significant differences in knowledge about depression and attitudes about depression treatment options were found between low and high acculturation groups, with the exception that the high acculturation group demonstrated more agreement than the low acculturation group with the item that emotional symptoms, such as mood changes, can be depression symptoms. These results suggest that initiating depression treatment with exercise may be the most acceptable starting point in treating depression in first-generation KA immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Kim
- University of Washington, Family and Child Nursing , Shoreline, Washington , USA
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Morawa E, Erim Y. Acculturation and depressive symptoms among Turkish immigrants in Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:9503-21. [PMID: 25222474 PMCID: PMC4199032 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110909503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study explores the impact of acculturation on depressive symptoms among Turkish immigrants in Germany, taking into account different dimensions of cultural orientation. A total of 471 patients from two selected samples (254 primary care patients and 217 outpatients of a psychosomatic department) participated. Levels of acculturation were measured as orientation towards culture of origin (CO), and orientation towards the host culture (HC). Acculturation strategies (integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization) were also assessed as well as their association with depressive symptoms (BDI). Furthermore, gender- and migration-related differences in terms of acculturation and levels of depressive symptomatology were analyzed. Integration was the acculturation strategy associated with the lowest level of depressive symptoms (M = 14.6, SD = 11.9), while marginalization was associated with the highest (M = 23.5, SD = 14.7). Gender was not found to have a significant impact on acculturation but influenced depressive symptoms, with women (M = 21.8, SD = 13.3) reporting higher levels of depressive symptomatology than men (M = 15.1, SD = 14.0; p < 0.001). In first generation immigrants, significantly higher CO (M = 46.6, SD = 8.3; p < 0.001), lower HC (M = 31.0, SD = 9.6; p < 0.001), and higher levels of depressive symptoms (M = 20.2, SD = 14.1; p < 0.001) were found in comparison to second generation immigrants (CO: M = 41.3, SD = 7.4; HC: M = 36.2, SD = 8.8; depressive symptoms: M = 14.0, SD = 12.9). Our results suggest that orientation towards both the heritage and the host culture has a positive effect on the mental health status of immigrants. Future research needs to include representative samples of migrants from different cultures to further explore the association between acculturation and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Morawa
- Department of Psychosomatic and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Kim E, Landis AM, Cain KK. Responses to CES-D: European American Versus Korean American Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2013; 26:254-61. [DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Kim
- University of Washington School of Nursing; Seattle Washington USA
| | - Andrea M. Landis
- University of Washington School of Nursing; Seattle Washington USA
| | - Kevin K. Cain
- University of Washington School of Nursing; Seattle Washington USA
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16
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Daniel M, Miller A, Wilbur J. Multiple instrument translation for use with South Asian Indian immigrants. Res Nurs Health 2011; 34:419-32. [PMID: 21818758 DOI: 10.1002/nur.20450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe translation of five measures (physical activity, acculturation, discrimination, self-efficacy, and depression) from English into Hindi using the committee translation method, focus group, and think-aloud interviews. Two South Asian Indian (SAI) immigrant bilingual translators and a moderator reached consensus on 93 of 102 items, using the committee method. Discrepancy in nine items was resolved with a focus group conducted with five bilingual SAI immigrants. Ten other bilingual SAI immigrants participated in think-aloud interviews to assess understanding and interpretation of the questions. More than 10 additional changes were made following the think-aloud interviews. Sequential use of multiple translation techniques improved translation with culturally acceptable language, thereby maintaining equivalence with original versions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Daniel
- College of Nursing, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
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