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Alegre-Agís E, García-Santesmases A, Pié-Balaguer A, Martínez-Hernáez À, Bekele D, Morales-Sáez N, Serrano-Miguel M. Unraveling Reactionary Care: The Experience of Mother-Caregivers of Adults with Severe Mental Disorders in Catalonia. Cult Med Psychiatry 2023; 47:790-813. [PMID: 35780258 PMCID: PMC10406675 DOI: 10.1007/s11013-022-09788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In most Mediterranean countries, people diagnosed with severe mental disorders (SMDs) are typically cared for by the mother, causing a significant burden on people in this family role. Based on a broader mental health participatory action and qualitative research carried out in Catalonia (Spain) of 12 in-depth interviews and 3 focus groups, this article analyses the mother-caregivers' experience in the domestic space. The results show that patients and caregivers are engaged in a relationship of "nested dependencies", which create social isolation. This produces the conditions of "reactionary care", practices that limit the autonomy of those affected and that reproduce forms of disciplinary psychiatric institutions. We conclude that both institutional violence derived from economic rationality and that which stems from the gender mandate feed off each other into the domestic sphere. This research argues for placing care at the center of clinical practice and shows the need to consider the structural forces shaping it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Alegre-Agís
- Medical Anthropology Research Center, Rovira i Virgili University, Campus Catalunya Avinguda Catalunya, 35, 43002, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Andrea García-Santesmases
- Department of Social Work, National Distance Education University, c/Calle Obispo Trejo, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asun Pié-Balaguer
- Department of Psychology and Education, Open University of Catalonia, Rambla Del Poblenou, 156, 08018, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngel Martínez-Hernáez
- Medical Anthropology Research Center, Rovira i Virgili University, Campus Catalunya Avinguda Catalunya, 35, 43002, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Deborah Bekele
- Medical Anthropology Research Center, Rovira i Virgili University, Campus Catalunya Avinguda Catalunya, 35, 43002, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nicolás Morales-Sáez
- Medical Anthropology Research Center, Rovira i Virgili University, Campus Catalunya Avinguda Catalunya, 35, 43002, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Serrano-Miguel
- Medical Anthropology Research Center, Rovira i Virgili University, Campus Catalunya Avinguda Catalunya, 35, 43002, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Social Work, University of Barcelona, Campus de Mundet; Passeig de La Vall D'Hebron, 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Sjöström N, Waern M, Johansson A, Weimand B, Johansson O, Ewertzon M. Relatives' Experiences of Mental Health Care, Family Burden and Family Stigma: Does Participation in Patient-Appointed Resource Group Assertive Community Treatment (RACT) Make a Difference? Issues Ment Health Nurs 2021; 42:1010-1019. [PMID: 34060978 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2021.1924322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this exploratory cross-sectional study was to investigate the experiences of relatives of individuals with severe mental illness with and without participation in patient-appointed Resource Group Assertive Community Treatment (RACT). A total of 139 relatives (79 with and 60 without RACT) completed the Family Involvement and Alienation Questionnaire, the Burden Inventory for Relatives of Persons with Psychotic Disturbances, and the family version of the Inventory of Stigmatizing Experiences. We found that relatives participating in RACT experienced a more positive approach from the healthcare professionals, as well as a lower degree of alienation from the provision of care. Relatives who did not participate in RACT were more afraid that their ill next of kin would hurt someone. No other differences in family burden were found. Experiences of family stigmatization were similar in both groups. In conclusion, participating in patient-appointed RACT may contribute to a higher level of satisfaction for relatives in their encounter with healthcare professionals and a more positive alliance. Implementation of RACT in new settings would require adaptation to local conditions to facilitate cooperation between healthcare staff and other relevant services. Staff training focuses on the case manager function and needs assessment, as well as how to create an alliance with the patient and his/her relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Sjöström
- Department of Psychotic Disorders, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margda Waern
- Department of Psychotic Disorders, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anita Johansson
- Research and Development Centre, Skaraborgs Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Bente Weimand
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health, Social & Welfare Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway.,Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ola Johansson
- Department of Psychotic Disorders, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Ewertzon
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Stockholm, Sweden.,Swedish Family Care Competence Centre, Kalmar, Sweden
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3
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Aass LK, Skundberg-Kletthagen H, Schröder A, Moen ØL. It's Not a Race, It's a Marathon! Families Living with a Young Adult Suffering from Mental Illness. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2021; 42:15-23. [PMID: 32605407 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2020.1770384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore families' perceptions of everyday life when living with a young adult suffering from mental illness. Findings include: 1) Families balance between letting go and enabling the young adult to become independent while remaining close to help him/her complete education, work and have a social life. 2) Young adults try to deal with symptoms of mental illness by themselves and not be a burden, although longing for family members to understand them and the situation. 3) Healthcare professionals still hold back information although young adults have consented to giving family members insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Kjelsrud Aass
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MH), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Hege Skundberg-Kletthagen
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MH), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Agneta Schröder
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MH), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gjøvik, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Øyfrid Larsen Moen
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (MH), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gjøvik, Norway
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4
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Just Like Any Other Family? Everyday Life Experiences of Mothers of Adults with Severe Mental Illness in Sweden. Community Ment Health J 2020; 56:1023-1032. [PMID: 31915979 PMCID: PMC7289774 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study explores experiences of mothers in Sweden who care for their adult children suffering from severe mental illness. Using 15 interviews with mothers from 40 to 80 years old, the article examines how predominant professional knowledge and sanism constructs the mothers and their children as deviant and what counterstrategies the mothers develop as a response to these experiences of discrimination. The findings show that the mothers' experiences are characterized by endless confrontations with negative attitudes and comments that have forced them to go through painful and prolonged processes of self-accusations for not having given enough love, care, support and help in different stages of their children's life. But the mothers' experiences also reveal important aspects of changes over the life span. As the mothers are ageing, the relationship between them and their children becomes more reciprocal and the ill child may even take the role as family carer.
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5
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Johansson A, Anderzén-Carlsson A, Ewertzon M. Parents of adult children with long-term mental disorder: Their experiences of the mental health professionals' approach and feelings of alienation - A cross sectional study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2019; 33:129-137. [PMID: 31753218 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to describe how parents of adult children suffering from long-term mental disorder experience the mental health professionals' approach and any feelings of alienation regarding the provision of care. A further aim was to investigate any differences according to the parents' gender or the child's age. 93 mothers and 37 fathers participated. A majority experienced the mental health professionals' approach toward them as being negative and they felt alienated from the professional care. Regardless of the age of the children, parents have a considerable need for a positive approach from the professionals that can enable them to choose how they should act and what they should do, in order to help and support their adult child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Johansson
- Research and Development Centre, Skaraborg Hospital, SE-541 85 Skövde, Sweden.
| | - Agneta Anderzén-Carlsson
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-702 81 Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Mats Ewertzon
- Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Department of Health Care Sciences, P.O. Box 111 89, SE 100 61 Stockholm, Sweden.
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6
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Ewertzon M, Hanson E. Support Interventions for Family Members of Adults with Mental Illness: A Narrative Literature Review. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2019; 40:768-780. [PMID: 31145025 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2019.1591547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to describe research related to support interventions for adult family members of people with mental illness and the significance that support may have. The results indicate the importance of flexible and individualized forms of support from both professionals and people with personal experience as a family member of someone with mental illness. In many cases, the intervention studies revealed that family members' burden decreased, their knowledge of the disease and treatment increased, and their ability to cope with the situation was improved. The results highlight the importance of support both from professionals and peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Ewertzon
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College , Stockholm , Sweden.,Swedish Family Care Competence Centre , Kalmar , Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Hanson
- Swedish Family Care Competence Centre , Kalmar , Sweden.,Department of Health & Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University , Kalmar , Sweden
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7
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Coloni-Terrapon C, Favrod J, Clément-Perritaz A, Gothuey I, Rexhaj S. Optimism and the Psychological Recovery Process Among Informal Caregivers of Inpatients Suffering From Depressive Disorder: A Descriptive Exploratory Study. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:972. [PMID: 32009996 PMCID: PMC6977103 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Informal caregivers of people suffering from depressive disorders go through a psychological recovery process. This process is dynamic, deep, catalyzed by hope and optimism and characterized by stages from which specific needs ensue. This study aimed to describe the stages of the psychological recovery process and the level of optimism among informal caregivers of psychiatric inpatients suffering from depressive disorders in order to provide adapted nursing support and psychoeducation and facilitate a patient's own recovery. Methods: A descriptive exploratory study was conducted using a convenience sample of 29 informal caregivers. Participants filled out a sociodemographic questionnaire, a specially adapted Stages of Recovery Instrument (STORI) and the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). Results: A mean optimism score of 16.41 showed that informal caregivers are close to the level of the general European population. The sample included all the stages of the recovery process, with 34.5% of participants being in the growth stage. Informal caregivers' stages in the recovery process were negatively associated with the patient's length of illness (Rho = -.683, p = .000) and positively associated with the caregivers' level of optimism (Rho = .564, p = .001). Conclusion: During the inpatient treatment of a close relative suffering from a depressive disorder, informal caregivers go through an individual psychological recovery process involving several stages. In addition to caring for inpatients, nurses are encouraged to meet and support caregivers as soon as possible in their individual recovery process. Furthermore, the development of a suitably adapted clinical tool would facilitate the assessment of the informal caregiver's stage in the recovery process within care units. A multidisciplinary approach is needed in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Coloni-Terrapon
- La Source, School of Nursing Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Fribourg Network for Mental Health (FNPG), Marsens, Switzerland.,School of Nursing Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Favrod
- La Source, School of Nursing Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Shyhrete Rexhaj
- La Source, School of Nursing Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Dadson DA, Annor F, Salifu Yendork J. The Burden of Care: Psychosocial Experiences and Coping Strategies among Caregivers of Persons with Mental Illness in Ghana. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2018; 39:915-923. [PMID: 30346231 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2018.1496208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated psychosocial experiences and coping strategies of caregivers of persons with mental illness in a psychiatric hospital in Ghana. The study adopted a qualitative design in which 20 participants (10 psychiatric nurses and 10 family caregivers) were sampled from the hospital and interviewed. Using thematic analysis, the results showed that stress was common with both psychiatric nurses and family caregivers, which impact on their physical health. Both groups of caregivers reported experiences of stigma, with psychiatric nurses being stigmatized mainly by other health workers whereas family caregivers reported stigma from the public, particularly neighbors. Coping strategies differed between family caregivers and psychiatric nurses, in that nurses mostly used avoidance strategies and humor in dealing with stress and stigma associated with their work whereas family caregivers used emotion-focused coping. The implications of these findings include the need for counseling services to help caregivers manage negative experiences and psychoeducation of caregivers on adaptive coping strategies as well as training strategies targeting the public and healthcare workers on measures to reduce the stigma associated with caring for persons with mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francis Annor
- a Department of Psychology , University of Ghana , Accra , Ghana
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9
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Chai YC, Mahadevan R, Ng CG, Chan LF, Md Dai F. Caregiver depression: The contributing role of depression in patients, stigma, social support and religiosity. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2018; 64:578-588. [PMID: 30074421 DOI: 10.1177/0020764018792585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression has been well studied as part of caregiver burden among patients with severe mental illnesses. Curiously, though, there has been little data in terms of caregiver burden with specific focus on depression among caregivers of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). AIM This study aims to determine the rate of depression among caregivers of person with depression and its psychosocial correlates, which include stigma, perceived social support, religious commitment and the severity of the patient's symptoms. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 165 patients diagnosed with MDD using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) together with their caregivers. Apart from gathering social demographic data, patients were administered the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Rated Version (QIDS-SR 16), whereas the caregivers were required to answer Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) and Depression Stigma Scale (DSS). Those who scored ⩾5 on PHQ-9 were further assessed with interviewer-rated M.I.N.I. to diagnose the presence of depression. RESULTS A total of 47 (28.5%) caregivers were found to have depressive symptoms. Out of that total, 13 (7.9%) were diagnosed to have MDD using M.I.N.I. From univariate analysis, factors associated with depression in caregivers were the severity of symptoms in patients ( p < .001), personal stigma in caregivers ( p = .037), the patients' current depressive episode ( p = .026) and lower perceived social support from friends ( p = .048). From multivariate analysis, only the patients' severity of depressive symptoms ( p < .001) and personal stigma in caregivers ( p = .048) were significantly associated with the caregivers' depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that the severity of patient depression and personal stigma of the caregivers were significant factors correlated with caregiver depression. Therefore, beyond optimizing the treatment of depression in patients, the issue of stigma among caregivers also needs to be addressed as a potential target of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Chin Chai
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,2 Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Raynuha Mahadevan
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Guan Ng
- 3 Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lai Fong Chan
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farahidah Md Dai
- 2 Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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10
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Mandani B, Hosseini SA, Hosseini MA, Noori AK, Ardakani MRK. Perception of family caregivers about barriers of leisure in care of individuals with chronic psychiatric disorders: a qualitative study. Electron Physician 2018; 10:6516-6526. [PMID: 29765577 PMCID: PMC5942573 DOI: 10.19082/6516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Family caregivers of individuals with chronic psychiatric disorders play an important role in the management of the patient's conditions, which interferes with other activities of daily living, work, social and leisure activities. Objective This study was conducted in an Iranian context to explore the perception of family caregivers about barriers of leisure in care of individuals with chronic psychiatric disorders. Methods The current qualitative study was conducted on the basis of conventional content analysis. Participants were 15 family caregivers of individuals with chronic psychiatric disorders who were selected by Purposeful sampling method between July 2016 and March 2017 in Tehran, Iran. The data was collected via in-depth semi-structured interviews. The interviews were tape recorded, written and transcribed. Then, data were analyzed by inductive content analysis method. Results Data analysis led to extraction of 3 main categories and 10 sub categories. Obstacles to leisure-time of family caregivers have been placed in three main categories which are patient-related factors (Resentment from psychological problems, Resentment from behavioral problems, Need for continuous monitoring and access), caregiver-related factors (Physical harm, Psychosocial harm, Temporal stress, Accumulation of responsibilities, Concerns), and community-related factors (Feeling of sympathy and rejection, Social stigma). Conclusion Understanding the barriers of leisure in this group of family caregivers has contributed to understanding the family caregivers' perception in this area and regarding their leisure, it can provide a broader perspective to mental health therapists, rehabilitation managers and policy makers for understanding the needs, addressing the challenges and barriers of this group of family caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Mandani
- Ph.D. Candidate of Occupational Therapy, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hosseini
- Ph.D., Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Hosseini
- Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Karbalaie Noori
- Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khodaie Ardakani
- MD., Psychiatrist, Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Avsar G, Ham R, Tannous WK. Modelling Gender Differences in the Economic and Social Influences of Obesity in Australian Young People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030257. [PMID: 28273825 PMCID: PMC5369093 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In Australia, as in many other developed economies, the prevalence of obesity has risen significantly in all age groups and especially in young males and females over the past decade. Using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, this paper investigates the influence of economic, personality and social factor demographics on the incidence of obesity in Australian youths. The study uses two random parameters logit models, including one that allows for gender-specific differences in the conditioning variables. The models reveal notable differences between the most important variables affecting the incidence of obesity amongst females compared to males. These differences are notable to consider for policy and intervention programs aimed at reducing the problem of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulay Avsar
- School of Business, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, Australia.
| | - Roger Ham
- School of Business, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, Australia.
| | - W Kathy Tannous
- School of Business, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, Australia.
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13
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Andershed B, Ewertzon M, Johansson A. An isolated involvement in mental health care - experiences of parents of young adults. J Clin Nurs 2017; 26:1053-1065. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Andershed
- Faculty of Health, Care and Nursing; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Gjövik Norway
- Department of Palliative Research Centre; Ersta Sköndal University College; Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Anita Johansson
- Research and Development Centre; Skaraborg Hospital; Skövde Sweden
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14
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Caregiver Burden Among Caregivers of Individuals With Severe Mental Illness: Testing the Moderation and Mediation Models of Resilience. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2017; 31:24-30. [PMID: 28104054 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The association between the socio-demographic characteristics of caregivers, such as gender and caregiver burden, is well documented; however, the process underlying this relationship is poorly understood. Based on the stress process model, we designed a cross-sectional study to examine the mediating and moderating effect of resilience on the relationship between gender and caregiver burden. Caregivers of individuals with severe mental illness (n=201) were recruited in two psychiatric outpatient clinics in Malaysia. The relationship between the gender of the caregiver and caregiver burden was mediated by resilience, thus supporting the stress process model. The findings from the present research contribute to the growing evidence of the interaction between socio-demographic variables of caregivers and resilience, and caregiver burden.
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15
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Olasoji M, Maude P, McCauley K. A Journey of Discovery: Experiences of Carers of People with Mental Illness Seeking Diagnosis and Treatment for Their Relative. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2016; 37:219-28. [PMID: 27055123 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2015.1135492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the experiences of informal carers of people with mental illness in an Australian mental health service. A qualitative descriptive approach was used with data collected via focus group interviews with a purposive sample of 19 carers. Data analysis revealed two major themes: (a) "Something is not right" and (b) "Now we have a diagnosis." The carers noticed that there was something wrong with their relative before they received a diagnosis but were often hesitant to engage Mental Health services. Carers have trouble understanding if the problems they are witnessing are part of normal development, contemporary culture, or are symptoms of mental illness. Fear of stigma remains a barrier to accessing services and early diagnosis. Findings suggest a need to target support for informal carers in the period prior to and leading to the establishment of a mental health diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Olasoji
- a Monash University/The Alfred , School of Nursing and Midwifery , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Phil Maude
- b RMIT University, School of Health Sciences , Melbourne , Australia.,c University of Tasmania, School of Health Sciences , Hobart , Tasmania
| | - Kay McCauley
- a Monash University/The Alfred , School of Nursing and Midwifery , Melbourne , Australia
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16
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Lindgren E, Söderberg S, Skär L. Being a Parent to a Young Adult with Mental Illness in Transition to Adulthood. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2016; 37:98-105. [PMID: 26864840 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2015.1092621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Parents of young adults with mental illness may face a continued demand for support, even though their children have reached the age of majority. The aim of this study was to explore relatives' experiences of parenting a young adult with mental illness in transition to adulthood. Individual interviews were conducted and analysed according to Grounded Theory. The results showed that relatives experienced powerlessness and a sense of inescapable duty with limited possibilities to be relieved. With a family nursing approach, relatives can be supported and, when the young adults' needs of care are met, they can be relieved from their burden of responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lindgren
- a Luleå University of Technonogy , Department of Health Science , Luleå , Sweden
| | - Siv Söderberg
- b Mid Sweden University , Department of Nursing Science , Östersund , Sweden
| | - Lisa Skär
- c Blekinge Institute of Technology , Department of Health , Karlskrona , Sweden
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17
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Johansson A, Andershed B, Anderzen-Carlsson A. Conceptions of mental health care--from the perspective of parents' of adult children suffering from mental illness. Scand J Caring Sci 2013; 28:496-504. [PMID: 23980612 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe parents' conceptions of the mental health care provided to adult children suffering from mental illness. Data were collected using qualitative research interviews with a purposive sample of sixteen mothers and ten fathers. Phenomenographic analysis was used to identify conceptions and formulate descriptive categories. The first category, questioning the availability of care, describes mental health care as being unequal in terms of accessibility and lacking in continuity. The second category, disapproval of parental exclusion, illustrates conceptions that mental healthcare professionals disregard parents and do not provide them with adequate information. The third category, questioning the quality of care, encompasses conceptions of lack of trust in the professionals' competence, an unsatisfactory environment as well as inadequate cooperation with other healthcare providers and authorities. Positive aspects, such as being seen and confirmed, were mentioned as valuable by the parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Johansson
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden; Division of Psychiatry, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
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El-Mallakh P, Yates BE, Adkins S. Family caregiving for adults with schizophrenia and diabetes mellitus. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2013; 34:566-77. [PMID: 23909668 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2013.785615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common among those with schizophrenia, but little is known about family members' roles in the care of relatives who have both schizophrenia and DM. The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to examine DM knowledge and caregiver burden among 27 family caregivers of people with schizophrenia and DM. Findings indicate that DM knowledge was low. Objective caregiver burden was highest for providing assistance with daily living activities. Subjective burden was highest for preventing the care recipient from keeping people awake at night and dealing with the care recipient's non-adherence to DM care. Family caregivers are in need of education and support in the caregiving role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy El-Mallakh
- University of Kentucky, College of Nursing, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0232, USA.
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Kang SY. [Life experiences of mothers in parenting children with Hunter's syndrome]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2012; 42:609-21. [PMID: 23221651 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2012.42.5.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of Korean mothers in parenting children with Hunter's syndrome, an X linked recessive genetically inherited disease usually affecting boys. METHODS Data were collected from 14 mothers having children with Hunter's syndrome, through two focus group interviews and individual in-depth interviews. Qualitative data from the field notes and transcribed notes were analyzed using the grounded theory methodology developed by Strauss & Corbin (1998). RESULTS The core category about the process of rearing children with Hunter's syndrome was identified as "navigating in the maze". The process of rearing children with Hunter's syndrome passed through three phases; 'entering an unknown region', 'struggling to escape from the unknown region', 'settling down in the unknown region'. CONCLUSION In this study "navigating in the maze", as the core category deeply showed joys and sorrows of mothers in the process of rearing their children with Hunter's syndrome. In this rearing process they gradually adjusted themselves to their given condition. Also they gained initiatively coping strategies to care for, and protect their children. Therefore health care providers can establish supportive programs in the clinical field to empower these mothers by reflecting their proactive coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ye Kang
- Department of Nursing, Kkotongnae University, Chungbuk, Korea.
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Johansson A, Anderzen-Carlsson A, Ahlin A, Andershed B. Fathers' everyday experiences of having an adult child who suffers from long-term mental illness. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2012; 33:109-17. [PMID: 22273345 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2011.627106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to describe the everyday life experiences of fathers of adult children who have various forms of long-term mental illness. Ten fathers were interviewed. Content analysis revealed one main theme: Maintaining a strong façade while balancing on a thin line, and two sub-themes: (1) A constant struggle and (2) A feeling of powerlessness. The fathers demonstrated great engagement and good will to participate in their child's life. A sense of powerlessness and frustration at not having or being allowed freedom of action emerged. Cooperation between children, parents, the care service providers, and the authorities could increase the parents' abilities to provide adequate support to the child as well as helping them to understand and make the incomprehensible manageable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Johansson
- University of Örebro, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro, Sweden and Skaraborg Hospital, Division of Psychiatry, Skövde, Sweden.
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