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Deliktas Demirci A, Ahmedova P, Kabukcuoglu K. Maternal experiences of women who had received salutary childbirth education: A descriptive qualitative study. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 39101537 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childbirth education, underpinned by Salutogenesis, presents a paradigm shift in maternal care. There was no present information about the maternal experiences of women who had received Salutary childbirth education. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to deeply explore women's pregnancy, birth and postnatal experiences who attended the 'Salutary Childbirth Education Program' and shed light on the mechanisms of Salutogenesis on maternal health promotion. METHODS A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with 15 mothers. The study was conducted during April-October 2023. Data were obtained through semi-structured, in-depth individual longitudinal interviews to cover all maternal periods. A thematic analysis was performed. RESULTS Women stated that they 'acquired normality oriented perspective' which provides 'attribution of positive meanings to the period' and 'freedom from their risk focus concerns'. Women experienced the naturality of the process and were in the flow. They described that they became 'aware of their internal resources', and gained 'skills for the construction of resources' and 'ability to manage the period'. The 'emotional strength' and 'Investment ability for themselves' in addition to obtained autonomy provided them a feeling of strength to actively engage in their experience. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study explores the experiences of women who participated in the Salutary Childbirth Education Program and describes the mechanisms of the program's components on their experiences. By doing so, it aims to enhance understanding of how healthcare professionals can present effective childbirth education through the use of the Salutogenesis Model. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The authors would like to acknowledge and thank the women who attended the education program and were willing to interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Deliktas Demirci
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Pervin Ahmedova
- Department of Women's Studies and Gender, Research and Application Center of Women's Study and Gender Research, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Kamile Kabukcuoglu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Huo W, He M, Zeng Z, Bao X, Lu Y, Tian W, Feng J, Feng R. Impact Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospital Reviews on Dianping Website in Shanghai, China: Empirical Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e52992. [PMID: 38954461 PMCID: PMC11252617 DOI: 10.2196/52992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the era of the internet, individuals have increasingly accustomed themselves to gathering necessary information and expressing their opinions on public web-based platforms. The health care sector is no exception, as these comments, to a certain extent, influence people's health care decisions. During the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, how the medical experience of Chinese patients and their evaluations of hospitals have changed remains to be studied. Therefore, we plan to collect patient medical visit data from the internet to reflect the current status of medical relationships under specific circumstances. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the differences in patient comments across various stages (during, before, and after) of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as among different types of hospitals (children's hospitals, maternity hospitals, and tumor hospitals). Additionally, by leveraging ChatGPT (OpenAI), the study categorizes the elements of negative hospital evaluations. An analysis is conducted on the acquired data, and potential solutions that could improve patient satisfaction are proposed. This study is intended to assist hospital managers in providing a better experience for patients who are seeking care amid an emergent public health crisis. METHODS Selecting the top 50 comprehensive hospitals nationwide and the top specialized hospitals (children's hospitals, tumor hospitals, and maternity hospitals), we collected patient reviews from these hospitals on the Dianping website. Using ChatGPT, we classified the content of negative reviews. Additionally, we conducted statistical analysis using SPSS (IBM Corp) to examine the scoring and composition of negative evaluations. RESULTS A total of 30,317 pieces of effective comment information were collected from January 1, 2018, to August 15, 2023, including 7696 pieces of negative comment information. Manual inspection results indicated that ChatGPT had an accuracy rate of 92.05%. The F1-score was 0.914. The analysis of this data revealed a significant correlation between the comments and ratings received by hospitals during the pandemic. Overall, there was a significant increase in average comment scores during the outbreak (P<.001). Furthermore, there were notable differences in the composition of negative comments among different types of hospitals (P<.001). Children's hospitals received sensitive feedback regarding waiting times and treatment effectiveness, while patients at maternity hospitals showed a greater concern for the attitude of health care providers. Patients at tumor hospitals expressed a desire for timely examinations and treatments, especially during the pandemic period. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic had some association with patient comment scores. There were variations in the scores and content of comments among different types of specialized hospitals. Using ChatGPT to analyze patient comment content represents an innovative approach for statistically assessing factors contributing to patient dissatisfaction. The findings of this study could provide valuable insights for hospital administrators to foster more harmonious physician-patient relationships and enhance hospital performance during public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixue Huo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengwei He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zeng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianhao Bao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Tian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxuan Feng
- Vascular Surgery Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Eriksson A, Kimmel MC, Furmark T, Wikman A, Grueschow M, Skalkidou A, Frick A, Fransson E. Investigating heart rate variability measures during pregnancy as predictors of postpartum depression and anxiety: an exploratory study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:203. [PMID: 38744808 PMCID: PMC11094065 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Perinatal affective disorders are common, but standard screening measures reliant on subjective self-reports might not be sufficient to identify pregnant women at-risk for developing postpartum depression and anxiety. Lower heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to be associated with affective disorders. The current exploratory study aimed to evaluate the predictive utility of late pregnancy HRV measurements of postpartum affective symptoms. A subset of participants from the BASIC study (Uppsala, Sweden) took part in a sub-study at pregnancy week 38 where HRV was measured before and after a mild stressor (n = 122). Outcome measures were 6-week postpartum depression and anxiety symptoms as quantified by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). In total, 112 women were included in a depression outcome analysis and 106 women were included in an anxiety outcome analysis. Group comparisons indicated that lower pregnancy HRV was associated with depressive or anxious symptomatology at 6 weeks postpartum. Elastic net logistic regression analyses indicated that HRV indices alone were not predictive of postpartum depression or anxiety outcomes, but HRV indices were selected as predictors in a combined model with background and pregnancy variables. ROC curves for the combined models gave an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93 for the depression outcome and an AUC of 0.83 for the anxiety outcome. HRV indices predictive of postpartum depression generally differed from those predictive of postpartum anxiety. HRV indices did not significantly improve prediction models comprised of psychological measures only in women with pregnancy depression or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Eriksson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Women's Mental Health during the Reproductive Lifespan - WOMHER, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mary Claire Kimmel
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tomas Furmark
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Wikman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus Grueschow
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics (ZNE), Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alkistis Skalkidou
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Frick
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Fransson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Miller ML, Jiang LJ, O'Hara MW. Experiential avoidance as a mediator of risk factors for higher order internalizing psychopathology in the perinatal period. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:625-645. [PMID: 38265296 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Perinatal psychopathology can be damaging. This study examined the strength of the associations between risk factors and all perinatal mood and anxiety disorder symptoms while assessing the mediating effect of experiential avoidance. METHOD Participants (N = 246) completed assessments during pregnancy (28-32 weeks) and the postpartum (6-8 weeks). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine associations between risk factors and latent factors: distress (composed of depression, generalized anxiety, irritability, and panic symptoms); fear (social anxiety, agoraphobia, specific phobia, and obsessive-compulsive); and bipolar (mania and obsessive-compulsive). RESULTS During pregnancy, past psychiatric history, anxiety sensitivity, maladaptive coping, and age were significant risk factors. In the postpartum, negative maternal attitudes and past psychiatric history were only risk factors for symptoms that composed distress. Experiential avoidance mediated the relation between maladaptive coping and symptoms that composed fear. CONCLUSION It is important to assess for psychological risk factors starting in pregnancy. This study identified critical risk factors that are associated with the underlying commonality among perinatal mood and anxiety symptoms. Some of the risk factors as well as the mediator are malleable (negative maternal attitudes, experiential avoidance), creating new possibilities for prevention and treatment of perinatal mood and anxiety disorder symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Miller
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Lily J Jiang
- Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Kitamura T, Takegata M, Usui Y, Ohashi Y, Sohda S, Takeda J, Saito T, Kasai Y, Watanabe H, Haruna M, Takeda S. Tokophobia: Psychopathology and Diagnostic Consideration of Ten Cases. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:519. [PMID: 38470630 PMCID: PMC10931235 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tokophobia is regarded as the intensive fear of childbirth that some pregnant women have. However, little is known about the psychopathological details of tokophobia (fear of childbirth). Between 2020 and 2021, a total of 10 pregnant women (nine nulliparae and one multipara) with a strong fear of childbirth were referred by obstetricians. Semi-structured psychopathological interviews were conducted, and two cases were judged to have obsession, three an overvalued idea, and one secondary delusion. Three were characterised by both obsession and overvalued idea and one by both obsession and secondary delusion. In total, six cases had features of an overvalued idea. All of the participants except one had a lifetime history of a specific phobia. In addition, their history included social phobia in two cases, panic disorder in one case, obsessive-compulsive disorder (other than tokophobia) in two cases, depressive disorder in two cases, bipolar disorder in two cases, and PTSD in six cases. To conclude, this study showed that tokophobia was not a phobic disorder but a kind of overvalued idea that requires specific assessment and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Kitamura
- Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.O.)
- Kitamura KOKORO Clinic Mental Health, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan
- T. and F. Kitamura Foundation for Mental Health Research and Skill Advancement, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mizuki Takegata
- Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yuriko Usui
- Department of Midwifery and Women’s Health, the Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (Y.U.)
| | - Yukiko Ohashi
- Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.O.)
- Nursing Faculty, Josai International University, Togane 283-0002, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sohda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Jun Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (J.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Tomomi Saito
- Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, Tokyo 151-0063, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.O.)
- Aiiku Research Institute for Maternal, Child Health and Welfare, Imperial Gift Foundation Boshi-Aiiku-Kai, Tokyo 106-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Kasai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo 150-8935, Japan
| | | | - Megumi Haruna
- Department of Midwifery and Women’s Health, the Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (Y.U.)
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (J.T.); (S.T.)
- Aiiku Research Institute for Maternal, Child Health and Welfare, Imperial Gift Foundation Boshi-Aiiku-Kai, Tokyo 106-0047, Japan
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Kemppainen V, Mentula M, Seppälä T, Gissler M, Rouhe H, Terhi S, Heikinheimo O, Niinimäki M. Fear of childbirth after induced abortion in primiparous women: Population-based register study from Finland. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2024; 103:241-249. [PMID: 37984811 PMCID: PMC10823389 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fear of childbirth (FOC) is a common obstetrical challenge that complicates about every 10th pregnancy. Background factors of FOC are diverse. We evaluated the association of induced abortion (IA) and FOC in subsequent pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Population-based register study based on three Finnish national registers: the Register of Induced Abortions, the Medical Birth Register and the Hospital Discharge Register. The study cases were primigravid women undergoing an IA in 2000-2015 and subsequent pregnancy ending in live singleton birth up to 2017. Each case had three controls, matched by age and residential area, whose first pregnancy ended in a live birth. The main outcome was the incidence of FOC in the subsequent pregnancy. In a secondary analysis, we assessed other risk factors for FOC. RESULTS The study cohort consisted of 21 455 women and 63 425 controls. Altogether, 4.2% of women had a diagnosis of FOC. The incidence was higher in women with a history of IA than in controls (5.6% vs 3.7%, P < 0.001). A history of IA was associated with higher odds for FOC: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.20 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.30. In addition, a history of psychiatric diagnosis (aOR 3.48, 95% CI 3.15-3.83), high maternal age, 30-39 years old (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.43-1.67; P < 0.001) and ≥40 years old (aOR 3.00, 95% CI 2.37-3.77; P < 0.001) and smoking (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.11-1.31; P < 0.001) were associated with increased odds for FOC. Women living in densely populated or rural areas and those with lower socioeconomic class had lower odds for FOC. CONCLUSIONS A history of IA is associated with increased odds for FOC in subsequent pregnancy. However, the associations of FOC with a history of psychiatric diagnosis and elevated maternal age (especially ≥40 years old) are more pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venla Kemppainen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Maarit Mentula
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tomi Seppälä
- Aalto UniversityAaltoFinland
- University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare (THL)Invest Research Flagship and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Hanna Rouhe
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Saisto Terhi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Oskari Heikinheimo
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Maarit Niinimäki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research CenterUniversity of Oulu and Oulu University HospitalOuluFinland
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Ibrahim HA, Alshahrani MS, Elgzar WTI. Determinants of Prenatal Childbirth Fear during the Third Trimester among Low-Risk Expectant Mothers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 12:50. [PMID: 38200956 PMCID: PMC10778686 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear of Childbirth (FOC) can significantly impact women's physical and psychological health; therefore, healthcare providers must provide proactive care, which means they have to intervene before FOC becomes tokophobia. This study's purpose is to evaluate the determinants of prenatal childbirth fear during the third trimester among low-risk expectant mothers. METHODS A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the Maternal and Children Hospital's outpatient clinics in Najran City, Saudi Arabia, from April to July 2023. The study involved 377 nulliparous and multiparous women, using a systemic random sampling technique. The data were collected using an interview schedule composed of questions related to demographic and obstetrics characteristics, the FOC questionnaire, and a multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Significant FOC predictors were examined using a binary logistic regression model. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between nulliparous and multiparous participants concerning FOC; 80.0% of nulliparous participants had significant FOC compared to 67.8% of multiparous participants (p = 0.011). A binary logistic regression clarified that regular antenatal care and family and spousal support were significantly negatively correlated with significant FOC among multiparous and nulliparous women (p < 0.05). For multiparas, FOC was associated with pregnancy planning and previous labor-related complications. In addition, friends' support was an important predictor of significantly lower FOC among nulliparous women (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Significant FOC was higher in nulliparous women when compared to multiparous women. Numerous obstetric variables and different types of social support play important roles in significant FOC. Special attention and support should be provided to high-risk women for proper FOC management during prenatal classes to improve their childbirth experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A. Ibrahim
- Nursing College, Najran University, Najran 66261, Saudi Arabia
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Dai J, Shi Y, Guo L, Wang Y, Kong X. Discrepancy in parental fear of childbirth: A scoping review. Midwifery 2023; 126:103830. [PMID: 37769587 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear of childbirth is a prevalent clinical psychological issue for both mother and father; however, there is a lack of research comparing and summarizing discrepancies in parental fear of childbirth. AIM This study aimed to explore differences in parental fear of childbirth, identify gaps in related research area, and provide directions for future studies. METHODS Original references were searched from six databases by using subject terms associated with fear of childbirth. The guideline of the scoping review framework proposed by Arksey and O' Malley were applied. RESULTS The review covered 203 publications in all. Of them, 181 were maternal studies and 22 were paternal studies. 105 articles examined prevalence and influencing factors ranging from 0.7 % to 89.3 % in mothers and 5 % to 54.3 % in fathers. The current study included 84 influencing factors, 9 of which were common to parents and 75 of which were different, containing fathers' specific influences on fear of childbirth are perceived pregnancy difficulties, perceived birth difficulties, feelings about the upcoming birth, more frequent thoughts of birth in the middle of pregnancy and not attending parent education classes. 12 articles dealt with the experience of fear of childbirth, and the parents' fear of childbirth had 5 common themes, including fear of the birthing process, fear related to the baby, fear of lack of support, fear of postnatal health and life, and adverse psychological problems. But they have different sub-themes. 61 articles on fear of childbirth interventions, including 8 mother-specific approaches and 4 identical approaches for parents, and all of these methods were effective in reducing the prevalence of parental fear of childbirth. CONCLUSION Factors such as marital status, personality, etc., that are specific to mothers can also be applied to paternal fear of childbirth. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and group discussion, which are unique to maternal fear of childbirth, may be attempted for paternal fear of childbirth. In addition, future research should be devoted to developing a specific measurement tool for fathers, studying paternal fear of childbirth in depth from various aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Dai
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Ya Shi
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, China; School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, England
| | - Lu Guo
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Xiang Kong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Šanjug J, Kuna K, Goldštajn MŠ, Dunkić LF, Carek A, Negovetić Vranić D. Relationship between COMT Gene Polymorphism, Anxiety, and Pain Perception during Labour. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6298. [PMID: 37834942 PMCID: PMC10573766 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COMT gene polymorphism is associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders and pain perception. The present study investigates the existence of anxiety and pain perception in relation to the COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) gene polymorphism in labouring women (during "natural" childbirth) with or without inhaled analgesia. METHODS A total of 181 women who chose vaginal birth were enrolled in this study. To present the difference in pain perception, the parturients were divided into one group (n = 90) that chose labour analgesia with inhaled nitrous oxide (50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen) and one group (n = 91) without analgesia. The blood samples were taken during the pregnancy as a part of routine pregnancy controls in the hospital. The COMT gene polymorphism was detected with the PCR technique. The pain perception of parturients was self-evaluated two times according to the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), and anxiety as a personality trait was determined with the STAI-T (State Trait Anxiety Inventory). Pain perception as well as anxiety were compared according to COMT genotypes. RESULTS In the 181 pregnant women, there were 40 women (22%) of wild homozygotes (GG) of COMT, 95 women (53%) of mutant heterozygotes (GA), and 46 women (25%) of mutant homozygotes (AA). A negative association of pain perception with the GA (mutant heterozygote) polymorphism of the COMT gene versus the wild-type (GG polymorphism) was observed. The GA polymorphism of the COMT gene was associated with 0.46 units lower pain perception compared to the wild type (GG). The anxiety trait score in group AA was lower than in groups GA and GG. The difference reached statistical significance only when comparing AA versus GA (p > 0.042). Analgesic efficacy of nitrous oxide was noticed in 22% of labouring women who reported moderate pain (VAS score 4-7). CONCLUSIONS The COMT gene polymorphism was associated with pain perception and anxiety among parturients. The COMT gene polymorphism GA was associated with negative pain perception among labouring women. Nitrous oxide showed statistical significance in anxiolytic efficacy during labour in women with mild anxiety as a personality trait. Anxiolytic efficacy of nitrous oxide has shown better efficacy in parturients with the COMT gene polymorphism AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka Šanjug
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital Zabok and War Veterans’ Hospital, Bračak 8, 49210 Zabok, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Kuna
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marina Šprem Goldštajn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija Fumić Dunkić
- Division of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Andreja Carek
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Negovetić Vranić
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Zhang T, Liu M, Min F, Wei W, Liu Y, Tong J, Meng Q, Sun L, Chen X. Fear of childbirth and its determinants in pregnant women in the third trimester: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:574. [PMID: 37553654 PMCID: PMC10408108 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear of childbirth (FOC) is a prevalent issue among pregnant women and significantly relates to adverse outcomes for the mother and child. However, it is not clear the prevalence and risk factors of FOC among pregnant women in a region with a moderate level of economic development in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of FOC among pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy in Lianyungang city, Eastern China. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023 among pregnant women in the third trimester who met the inclusion criteria and visited Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Jiangsu Province, Eastern China. A structured questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, FOC, family function, doctor-patient communication, social support, general self-efficacy, anxiety, depression, insomnia symptoms, and quality of life was used to collect data. A multiple linear regression model was used to identify predictors of FOC. RESULTS This study included 535 pregnant women in the third trimester. The mean score of FOC was 30.67 ± 10.18, and the median score was 29.00. The prevalence of FOC was 56.64%. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that pregnant women with electronic screen exposure time more than 5 h per day (β = 2.02, 95%CI: 0.50-3.53, P < 0.05), no history of cesarean section (β = 2.66, 95%CI: 0.61-4.71, P < 0.05), likes sour food or hates greasy food (β = 1.75, 95%CI: 0.00-3.50, P < 0.05), anxiety (β = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.21-0.80, P < 0.05) and depression (β = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.04-0.57, P < 0.05) were more likely to have a greater level of FOC than their counterparts. However, a significantly lower level of FOC was observed in pregnant women who were multipara (β=-1.64, 95%CI: -3.27-0.01, P < 0.05), not worrying about delivery without family members (β=-3.75, 95%CI: -5.26-2.25, P < 0.001), had good family function (β=-0.32, 95%CI: -0.64-0.00, P < 0.05) and doctor-patient communication (β=-0.33, 95%CI: -0.64-0.02, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of FOC was high in Lianyungang city, Eastern China. FOC is influenced by multiple factors. There is an urgent need to develop interventions to reduce the prevalence of FOC in the third trimester of pregnancy, and to pay attention to pregnant women with risk factors for FOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Meilin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fanli Min
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qian Meng
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lizhou Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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Porthan E, Lindberg M, Härkönen J, Scheinin NM, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Ekholm E. Childhood trauma and fear of childbirth: findings from a birth cohort study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023:10.1007/s00737-023-01328-x. [PMID: 37243781 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate if experiencing childhood trauma (emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, physical neglect, or sexual abuse) or a greater total burden of childhood trauma increase the risk of fear of childbirth (FOC). This study included 2556 women living in Southwest Finland. Women were recruited during routine ultrasound visits at gestational week (gwk) 12. Experiencing childhood trauma was assessed in retrospect with the Trauma and Distress Scale (TADS) questionnaire completed at gwk 14. Information on the diagnosis of FOC (ICD-10 diagnosis O99.80) was obtained from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. Associations between childhood trauma (domains and total TADS score) and FOC were analyzed with logistic regression in unadjusted and adjusted models. Emotional abuse (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10-1.42), emotional neglect (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08-1.46), and a greater total burden of trauma (TADS total score) (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10) increased the risk for FOC. We found no evidence for physical abuse (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.32), physical neglect (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 0.92-1.22), and sexual abuse (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 0.99-1.56) associating with FOC. Childhood emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and a greater total burden of childhood trauma increase the risk for FOC. However, the childhood traumatic events were inquired in retrospect, which could distort the events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elviira Porthan
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
- The Hospital District of South Ostrobothnia, Hanneksenrinne 7, 60220, Seinäjoki, Finland.
| | - Matti Lindberg
- Department of Social Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juho Härkönen
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, European University Institute, Firenze, Italy
- Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Finland
| | - Noora M Scheinin
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Center for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Eeva Ekholm
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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12
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den Boer I, Hendrix YMGA, Knoop H, van Pampus MG. Identifying women with fear of childbirth with the Dutch Fear of Birth Scale and its added value for consultations. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2022; 43:419-425. [PMID: 34907846 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2021.2013797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine whether the Fear of Birth Scale (FOBS) is a useful screening instrument for Fear of Childbirth (FoC) and examine the potential added value of screening by analyzing how often pregnant women discuss their FoC during consultation. METHODS This cross-sectional survey study included nulliparous pregnant women of all gestational ages, recruited via the internet, hospital and midwifery practices. The online questionnaires included the FOBS and Wijma Delivery Expectations Questionnaire version A (W-DEQ A). The latter was used as golden standard for assessing FoC (cutoff: ≥85). RESULTS Of the 364 included women, 67 (18.4%) had FoC according to the W-DEQ A. Using the FOBS with a cutoff score of ≥49, the sensitivity was 82.1% and the specificity 81.1%, with 111 (30.5%) women identified as having FoC. Positive predictive value was 49.5% and negative predictive value 95.3%. Of the women with FoC (FOBS ≥49), 68 (61.3%) did not discuss FoC with their caregiver. CONCLUSION The FOBS is a useful screening instrument for FoC. A positive score must be followed by further assessment, either by discussing it during consultation or additional evaluation with the W-DEQ A. The majority of pregnant women with FoC do not discuss their fears, underscoring the need for screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- I den Boer
- Department of Medical Psychology, Ziekenhuis Gelderse Vallei, Ede, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y M G A Hendrix
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Knoop
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M G van Pampus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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A preliminary investigation into testing a transdiagnostic cognitive model of fear of childbirth (FOC): a multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Hendrix YMGA, Baas MAM, Vanhommerig JW, de Jongh A, Van Pampus MG. Fear of Childbirth in Nulliparous Women. Front Psychol 2022; 13:923819. [PMID: 35911041 PMCID: PMC9326465 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.923819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The relation between fear of childbirth (FoC) and gestational age is inconclusive, and self-reported need for help regarding this fear has never been investigated. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and course of FoC according to gestational age, to identify risk factors for the development of FoC, the influence of this fear on preferred mode of delivery, and self-reported need for help. Methods Nulliparous pregnant women of all gestational ages completed an online survey. The study consisted of a cross-sectional and a longitudinal analysis. Women who completed the survey in the first or second trimester (T0) were approached again in their third trimester (T1). The Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire Version A (W-DEQ A) was used with a cut-off score ≥ 85 to define presence of fear of childbirth. Questionnaires indexing social support, anxiety, symptoms of depression, preferred mode of delivery, and self-reported need for help were included. Results In total, 364 women were enrolled at T0, and 118 out of 184 eligible women were included in the longitudinal analysis. Point prevalence of FoC at T0 was 18.4% with no significant difference between trimesters. In the longitudinal sample, the prevalence of FoC decreased from 18.6% (T0) to 11.0% (T1), p = 0.004. Although mean scores for FoC decreased significantly, p < 0.001, scores increased in 41 (34.7%) women. The presence of FoC was associated with elevated anxiety, less family support, prenatal care of the obstetrician by choice, preference for a cesarean section, and for pain relief. Women with FoC were more likely to actively seek for help compared to women without FoC. Conclusion While FoC is common in each trimester, prevalence decreases over the course of pregnancy. Women with FoC are often actively seeking for help, suggesting that this fear should be addressed better, and help should be offered accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette M. G. A. Hendrix
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OLVG, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Yvette M. G. A. Hendrix,
| | - Melanie A. M. Baas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OLVG, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Ad de Jongh
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Turan Z, Suveren Y, Vural G. A qualitative study on the expectations and experiences of mothers during the childbirth process in Western Anatolia, Turkey. Women Health 2022; 62:444-453. [DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2022.2084211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zekiye Turan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Suveren
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Science and Literature, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Gülşen Vural
- Department of Obstetrics and Genecology Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Near East University, Lefkosa, Cyprus
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Lee Y, Choi S, Jung H. Self-Care Mobile Application for South Korean Pregnant Women at Work: Development and Usability Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2022; 15:997-1009. [PMID: 35585874 PMCID: PMC9109729 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s360407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnant women at work often encounter barriers to participating in prenatal education or conducting appropriate self-care practices due to their working conditions. Purpose We aimed at developing a mobile-based intervention application (SPWW) for Korean pregnant women at work and testing its usability and preliminary effects to enhance their self-care practices. Patients and Methods The application was developed and tested with thirty-one pregnant women at work and thirteen women's healthcare providers. The instruments used in this study were a modified Health Practices in Pregnancy Questionnaire II and a System Usability Scale. Descriptive analyses and t-tests were performed using SPSS 25.0. The participants' open-ended answers were analyzed using ATLAS. ti 8. Results We developed the application focusing on four self-care topics: healthy diet, physical activity, sufficient rest, and stress management. After using the application for two weeks, participants' levels of exercise (p = 0.006), adequate fluid intake (p = 0.002), and limiting daily caffeine intake (p = 0.048) significantly improved. In addition to good usability scores, the suggestions for improvement made by the participants included diversifying the educational materials and adding individually customizable functions to the application. Conclusion The application developed in this study enhanced self-care practices of pregnant women at work and showed adequate levels of usability. We expect the developmental process and details of the application provided in this study to serve as a sample guide for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaelim Lee
- College of Nursing, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Redcross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soeun Choi
- Department of Nursing, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejae Jung
- Department of Nursing, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Green G, Tesler R, Marques A. Primiparous and Multiparous Women's Mode of Birth and Negative Emotions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095189. [PMID: 35564584 PMCID: PMC9103235 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Negative childbirth experiences may result in negative emotions that may lead to negative outcomes, such as post-traumatic stress disorder. We aimed to examine the differences in emotions between primiparous and multiparous women and mode of birth. We used a retrospective cross-sectional study design with three hundred and fifty women. Primiparous women reported higher levels of fear, lack of control, and dissociation emotions compared to multiparous women. The EmCs (emergency cesarean section) group experienced the most fear, lack of control, anger, and conflict emotions. It is important to conduct follow up work with women who underwent unplanned birth procedures since negative childbirth experiences may lead to further negative effects on women's psychosocial health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizell Green
- Nursing Department, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Riki Tesler
- Department of Health Systems Management, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Adilson Marques
- Centro Interdisciplinar do Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal
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Fairbrother N, Albert A, Collardeau F, Keeney C. The Childbirth Fear Questionnaire and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire as Screening Tools for Specific Phobia, Fear of Childbirth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084647. [PMID: 35457513 PMCID: PMC9028446 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Perinatal anxiety and related disorders are common (20%), distressing and impairing. Fear of childbirth (FoB) is a common type of perinatal anxiety associated with negative mental health, obstetrical, childbirth and child outcomes. Screening can facilitate treatment access for those most in need. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the accuracy of the Childbirth Fear Questionnaire (CFQ) and the Wijma Delivery Expectations Questionnaire (W-DEQ) of FoB as screening tools for a specific phobia, FoB. Methods: A total of 659 English-speaking pregnant women living in Canada and over the age of 18 were recruited for the study. Participants completed an online survey of demographic, current pregnancy and reproductive history information, as well as the CFQ and the W-DEQ, and a telephone interview to assess specific phobia FoB. Results: Symptoms meeting full and subclinical diagnostic criteria for a specific phobia, FoB, were reported by 3.3% and 7.1% of participants, respectively. The W-DEQ met or exceeded the criteria for a “good enough” screening tool across several analyses, whereas the CFQ only met these criteria in one analysis and came close in three others. Conclusions: The W-DEQ demonstrated high performance as a screening tool for a specific phobia, FoB, with accuracy superior to that of the CFQ. Additional research to ensure the stability of these findings is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Fairbrother
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-250-0519-5390 (ext. 36439)
| | - Arianne Albert
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 2N9, Canada;
| | - Fanie Collardeau
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Cora Keeney
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
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González-de la Torre H, Domínguez-Gil A, Padrón-Brito C, Rosillo-Otero C, Berenguer-Pérez M, Verdú-Soriano J. Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Fear of Childbirth Questionnaire (CFQ-e). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071843. [PMID: 35407450 PMCID: PMC8999905 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fear of childbirth is a topical concern, yet the issue has barely been studied in Spain, and only one fear of childbirth measurement instrument has been validated in the country. The aim of this study was to translate, adapt and validate the Fear of Childbirth Questionnaire (CFQ) for use in Spain, as well as to describe and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of this instrument. In a first phase, a methodological study was carried out (translation–backtranslation and cross-cultural adaptation), and pilot study was carried out in the target population. In addition, content validation of the instrument was obtained (CFQ-e) from 10 experts. In the second phase, a cross-sectional study was carried out at several centres in Gran Canaria Island to obtain a validation sample. The evaluation of the psychometric properties of the CFQ-e, including construct validity through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, the calculation of reliability via factor consistency using the ORION coefficients as well as alpha and omega coefficients were carried out. The CFQ-e showed evidence of content validity, adequate construct validity and reliability. The CFQ-e is composed of 37 items distributed in four subscales or dimensions: “fear of medical interventions”; “fear of harm and dying”; “fear of pain” and “fears relating to sexual aspects and embarrassment”. The CFQ-e constitutes a valid and reliable tool to measure the fear of childbirth in the Spanish pregnant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor González-de la Torre
- Research Unit, Insular Maternal and Child University Hospital Complex of Gran Canaria, Canary Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Nursing School La Palma, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Correspondence: (H.G.-d.l.T.); (J.V.-S.)
| | - Adela Domínguez-Gil
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Insular Maternal and Child University Hospital Complex of Gran Canaria, Canary Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (A.D.-G.); (C.P.-B.); (C.R.-O.)
| | - Cintia Padrón-Brito
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Insular Maternal and Child University Hospital Complex of Gran Canaria, Canary Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (A.D.-G.); (C.P.-B.); (C.R.-O.)
| | - Carla Rosillo-Otero
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Insular Maternal and Child University Hospital Complex of Gran Canaria, Canary Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (A.D.-G.); (C.P.-B.); (C.R.-O.)
| | - Miriam Berenguer-Pérez
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine, Public Health and History of Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - José Verdú-Soriano
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine, Public Health and History of Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
- Correspondence: (H.G.-d.l.T.); (J.V.-S.)
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The Effectiveness of Neroli Essential Oil in Relieving Anxiety and Perceived Pain in Women during Labor: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020366. [PMID: 35206980 PMCID: PMC8871902 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Childbirth is a stressful and physically painful event in a woman’s life and aromatherapy is one of the most used non-pharmacological methods that is effective in reducing anxiety and perceived pain. This randomized controlled study aimed at determining the effect of neroli oil aromatherapy on anxiety and pain intensity perception in 88 women during labor, randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 44) or control group (n = 44). Anxiety and perceived pain were assessed through the visual analogue scale during the latent, early, and late active phases of labor. Data analyses included the t-test, Chi-square test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Perceived pain and anxiety in the group receiving aromatherapy were significantly lower than in the control group at all stages of labor (p < 0.05). Specifically, as the labor progressed, pain and anxiety increased in all participants, but the increase was milder in the experimental group than in the control group. The multiparas showed higher average anxiety scores, but not perceived pain, than the primiparas in all phases of labor (p < 0.05). Ultimately, neroli oil aromatherapy during labor can be used as an alternative tool to relieve anxiety and perceived pain in women during all stages of labor.
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Ebrahimian A, Bilandi RR, Bilandī MRR, Sabzeh Z. Comparison of the effectiveness of virtual reality and chewing mint gum on labor pain and anxiety: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:49. [PMID: 35045813 PMCID: PMC8772130 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childbirth pain and anxiety are often unnatural, as opposed to being one of the most practical ways to use non-pharmacological methods. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of virtual reality and chewing mint gum on childbirth pain and anxiety. METHODS This is a single-blind, three-group clinical trial study on 93 mothers referred to Allameh Bohlool Gonabadi and Sajjadieh Torbate Jam Hospitals for natural childbirth in 2018-2019. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups of chewing gum, virtual reality, and control using six blocks. Chewing gum interventions in one group and virtual reality in the other group were performed twice in 4-5 cm and 7-8 cm dilatations for 20 min. In the control group, no intervention except routine care was performed. The research tools included Visual Analogue Scale of Pain and Spielberger's Anxiety Inventory. Data were analyzed using SPSS) version 22(, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square and Tukey tests. Significance level was considered 0.05 in this study. RESULTS The main result was differences in pain and anxiety before and after the intervention. There was no significant difference between pre-intervention pain and anxiety scores in the three groups, but there was a significant difference between pain and anxiety scores immediately and 30 min after the intervention. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that virtual reality and chewing mint gum intervention reduce pain and anxiety in the first stage of childbirth. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT20181214041963N1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Ebrahimian
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Roghaieh Rahmani Bilandi
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Rahmani Bilandī
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
| | - Zahra Sabzeh
- Department of Midwifery, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
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Nakić Radoš S, Žigić Antić L, Jokić-Begić N. The Role of Personality Traits and Delivery Experience in Fear of Childbirth: A Prospective Study. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2022; 29:750-759. [PMID: 35032280 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-022-09848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine fear of childbirth (FOC) before and after delivery in relation to personality (anxiety and anxiety sensitivity) and birth experience (type of delivery, pain, and staff support). One-hundred and five women completed questionnaires during pregnancy and one month after childbirth. Participants completed the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire; the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory and Anxiety Sensitivity Index, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire and a Support from staff questionnaire. FOC levels decreased after childbirth, but only in the high-level fear group. Path analysis showed that physical concerns, one aspect of anxiety sensitivity, shape FOC during pregnancy. Together with interventions at delivery (instrumental vaginal delivery and emergency caesarean section), pain and low staff support, this in turn modifies FOC after delivery. In conclusion, FOC decreases after childbirth. However, combined with adverse birth experience and certain personality traits, FOC during pregnancy affects FOC after delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Nakić Radoš
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Lana Žigić Antić
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Sisters of Mercy, Vinogradska 29, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Jokić-Begić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 3, Zagreb, Croatia
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Tomazin KJDCG, Miot HA, Stoll K, Gonçalves IR, Spiri WC, Felipe TRL, Jamas MT. Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Childbirth Fear Prior to Pregnancy Scale in Brazil. Open Nurs J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874434602115010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
The fear of childbirth can range from apprehension to intense fear (tokophobia), with serious consequences for maternal health. Therefore, a standardized scale is needed to measure the fear of childbirth before pregnancy.
Objective:
This study aimed to adapt the Childbirth Fear Prior to Pregnancy (CFPP) scale to the Brazilian context and analyse its validity and reliability.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was completed by 146 nursing students at two Brazilian universities. A committee of experts evaluated the cross-cultural adaptation of the CFPP scale. Construct validity was verified using item-total correlations and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The validity of divergent concurrent criteria was evaluated by associating the score obtained using the Brazilian CFPP with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Reliability was analysed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and test-retest.
Results:
Correlation analysis revealed a predominance of moderate inter-item correlation and strong item-total correlation (>0.62). The EFA indicated that all items related to a single factor, with factor loadings and communalities >0.5. These results reinforced the one-dimensionality of the Brazilian CFPP. The validity of divergent concurrent criteria was confirmed via weak correlations with DASS-21 scores (r = 0.32, p < 0.001). The Cronbach’s alpha (0.86) and the intra-class correlation coefficient (0.99) indicated reliability and strong temporal stability, respectively.
Conclusion:
The Brazilian version of the CFPP provides evidence of validity and reliability to measure fear of childbirth before pregnancy in young adults in Brazil.
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Shakarami A, Mirghafourvand M, Abdolalipour S, Jafarabadi MA, Iravani M. Comparison of fear, anxiety and self-efficacy of childbirth among primiparous and multiparous women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:642. [PMID: 34548055 PMCID: PMC8456545 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare fear of childbirth, state and trait anxiety, and childbirth self-efficacy among primiparous and multiparous women in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 pregnant women (100 primiparous and 100 multiparous women) who had been admitted to the maternity ward of hospitals affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. The instruments used for data collection in this study included a demographic questionnaire, Delivery Fear Scale (DFS), Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI). The data were analyzed by chi-square test and independent t-test. Also, the univariate general linear model was used by adjusting for the socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics that were considered as possible confounding variables. Results The mean score of DFS in primiparous women was significantly higher than that of multiparous women. The mean of the overall score of childbirth self-efficacy of primiparous women was significantly lower than that of multiparous women. The mean score of the outcome expectancies and self-efficacy expectancies was significantly lower in primiparous women compared with multiparous women. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean score of STAI. After adjusting for possible confounding variables, the differences between the two groups in terms of fear of childbirth scores, overall childbirth self-efficacy score and self-efficacy expectancies remained significant. Conclusion Given the high fear of childbirth and low childbirth self-efficacy in primiparous women compared to the multiparous women, appropriate interventions should be adopted by health care providers in order to reduce fear and improve childbirth self-efficacy in primiparous women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aazam Shakarami
- Midwifery Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Somyieh Abdolalipour
- Midwifery Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Center for the development of Interdisciplinary Research in Islamic Sciences and Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Iravani
- Midwifery Department, Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Abstract
Background Between 5% and 14% of women suffer from fear of childbirth (FOC) which is associated with difficulties during birth and in postnatal psychological adjustment. Therefore, effective interventions are needed to improve outcomes for women. A systematic review and meta-analysis was used to identify effective interventions for treating women with FOC. Methods Literature searches were undertaken on online databases. Hand searches of reference lists were also carried out. Studies were included in the review if they recruited women with FOC and aimed to reduce FOC and/or improve birth outcomes. Data were synthesised qualitatively and quantitatively using meta-analysis. The literature searches provided a total of 4474 citations. Results After removing duplicates and screening through abstracts, titles and full texts, 66 papers from 48 studies were identified for inclusion in the review. Methodological quality was mixed with 30 out of 48 studies having a medium risk of bias. Interventions were categorised into six broad groups: cognitive behavioural therapy, other talking therapies, antenatal education, enhanced midwifery care, alternative interventions and interventions during labour. Results from the meta-analysis showed that most interventions reduced FOC, regardless of the approach (mean effect size = −1.27; z = −4.53, p < 0.0001) and that other talking therapies may reduce caesarean section rates (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.48–0.90). Conclusions Poor methodological quality of studies limits conclusions that can be drawn; however, evidence suggests that most interventions investigated reduce FOC. Future high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed so that clear conclusions can be made.
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Zhou X, Liu H, Li X, Zhang S. Fear of Childbirth and Associated Risk Factors in Healthy Pregnant Women in Northwest of China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:731-741. [PMID: 34135648 PMCID: PMC8200453 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s309889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Fear of childbirth (FOC) is an extreme state of anxiety, distress and worry about childbirth. Despite its common occurrence, the prevalence and risk factors for FOC are inadequately understood in the northwestern region of China. PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the prevalence and risk factors for fear of childbirth (FOC) in a cohort of pregnant women in northwest of China. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 922 healthy pregnant women were included in this cross-sectional study. Participants filled out a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, as well as the Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire (CAQ), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Pregnancy Pressure Scale (PPS). Psychosocial factors were analyzed to determine their association with fear of childbirth. Optimal scale regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors associated with FOC. RESULTS The mean score on the CAQ was 33.92 ± 10.17. A total of 72% of participants reported low to mild FOC. Six percent (n=51/922) and 22% (n=199/922) of pregnant women reported severe and moderate FOC, respectively. Based on optimal scaling regression analysis, the factors most strongly associated with FOC were residence, marital status, parity, gestational age, relationship with partner, pregnancy stress, social support and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION This study indicates the high prevalence of FOC (70.3%, ranging from mild to severe) in healthy pregnant women in northwest of China. FOC showed a positive correlation with pregnancy-related stress and depressive symptoms and a negative correlation with social support. Screening for FOC and helping pregnant women identify a support system early in pregnancy could reduce a woman's stress level and severity of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhou
- School of Nursing, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- School of Nursing, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Nursing, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoru Zhang
- School of Nursing, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Nath S, Lewis LN, Bick D, Demilew J, Howard LM. Mental health problems and fear of childbirth: A cohort study of women in an inner-city maternity service. Birth 2021; 48:230-241. [PMID: 33733519 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the population prevalence of severe fear of childbirth (FOC) during pregnancy and investigate its association with: (a) antenatal common mental disorders (depression and anxiety disorder) and (b) elective cesarean birth. METHODS 545 participants from an inner-city London maternity population were interviewed soon after their first antenatal appointment (mean gestation: 14 weeks). Current mental disorders were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview DSM-IV. FOC was measured using the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (WDEQ-A) at approximately 28 weeks gestation (n = 377), with severe FOC defined using a cutoff of WDEQ-A ≥ 85. Birth mode information was collected at 3 months post-delivery using an adapted Adult Service Use Schedule. Linear regressions were used to model associations, adjusting for the effects of covariates (age, parity, relationship status, education, and planned pregnancy). Sampling weights were used to adjust for bias introduced by the stratified sampling. We also accounted for missing data within the analysis. RESULTS The estimated population prevalence of severe FOC was 3% (95% CI: 2%-6%) (n = 377). Depression and anxiety were significantly associated with severe FOC after adjustment for covariates (45% vs 11%; coefficient: 15.75, 95% CI: 8.08-23.42, P < .001). There was a weak association between severe FOC and elective cesarean birth. CONCLUSIONS Severe FOC occurs in around 3% of the population. Depression and anxiety are associated with FOC. Pregnant people with depression and anxiety may be at increased risk of experiencing severe FOC. Attitudes toward childbirth should be assessed as part of routine clinical assessment of pregnant people in contact with mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Nath
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Section of Women's Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy N Lewis
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Section of Women's Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Debra Bick
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jill Demilew
- Women's Health, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Louise M Howard
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Section of Women's Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Çıtak Bilgin N, Coşkun H, Coşkuner Potur D, İbar Aydın E, Uca E. Psychosocial predictors of the fear of childbirth in Turkish pregnant women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 42:123-131. [PMID: 32116080 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2020.1734791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fear of childbirth (FOC) affects women's emotional health, preparation for birth, and outcomes of birth. Identifying the predictors of FOC can aid in identifying strategies for reducing women's FOC. OBJECTIVE This descriptive, cross-sectional study was aimed at determining the psychosocial predictors of FOC in pregnant women. METHODS The participants were 624 nulliparous and multiparous pregnant women in their last trimester. Data were collected using a personal information form, Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire A, Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of FOC. RESULTS FOC was high among this study's participants and severe for one fifth of them. The psychosocial variables predicting FOC were self-efficacy and trait anxiety level, and spousal support was found to be a mediator variable in the relationship between self-efficacy and FOC. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that psychosocial variables are key to predicting FOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Çıtak Bilgin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Hamit Coşkun
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Psychology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Dilek Coşkuner Potur
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology Nursing, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra İbar Aydın
- Woman and Reproductive Health Unit, Bolu Provincial Health Directorate, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Esra Uca
- Mezitli District Health Directorate, Mersin, Turkey
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Gao Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Bu Y, Yang F, Jiang L, Zhao J, Tian Y. An psychoeducation programme based on self-efficacy theory to improve experience of natural birth for primigravid women: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. J Clin Nurs 2021; 30:2469-2479. [PMID: 32533742 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES To present a study protocol for estimating the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of an individual (five sessions), group (one session) and face-to-face psychoeducation programme based on self-efficacy theory to improve childbirth experience of primigravid women. BACKGROUND In present China, fertility rates are falling and ageing is accelerating. How to improve the fertility level of childbearing women is of great significance. However, about 10%-20% of women have negative childbirth experience after birth, which seriously affects maternal and child health and family functions, and even fertility desires and intentions in the future. Nevertheless, due to the lack of a series of well-designed randomised controlled trials(RCTs), there is no specific methodology to guide the most effective intervention for primigravid women. In this regard, based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory, an intervention programme to promote a positive childbirth experience for primigravid women has been designed and will be evaluated to determine its impact on primigravid women. DESIGN A non-blinded randomised controlled trial. METHODS We report the study protocol for this randomised controlled trial based on the SPIRIT2013 statement. A total of 238 eligible primigravid women will be randomly divided into the control group (n = 119) or the intervention group (n = 119). The control group will receive care as usual, that is, six routine prenatal examinations. In addition to the routine examinations, the intervention group will also receive six face-to-face interventions. Baseline assessment will occur at about 24th week of gestation and follow up at 37th weeks of gestation, intrapartum, 1-3 days postpartum and 42 days postpartum. The primary outcomes are childbirth experience, childbirth self-efficacy; others are fear of childbirth, labour control, labour pain and labour satisfaction. IMPACT From the perspective of clinical work, this protocol provides practical guidance for cultivating the positive childbirth experience of the primigravid women. From the perspective of sociology, the positive experience and emotion of primigravid women can improve the fertility intention of women of childbearing age, which is relatively conducive to optimising Chinese demographic structure and reducing the pressure of ageing population in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Gao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanggao Bu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 901 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Hefei, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 901 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Hefei, China
| | - Lulu Jiang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Tian
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Koc AE, Colak S, Colak GV, Pusuroglu M, Hocaoglu C. Investigating fear of childbirth in pregnant women and its relationship between anxiety sensitivity and somatosensory amplification. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2020; 41:217-223. [PMID: 32314633 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1732894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The causes of fear of childbirth and the factors that affect it are not fully explained. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fear of childbirth in pregnant women and anxiety sensitivity and somatosensory amplification. The study included 100 healthy pregnant women who were admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of a tertiary hospital in Turkey at 28-40 weeks of gestation. Sociodemographic Data Form, Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Wijma Expectancy/Experience Scale (W-DEQ) were applied to all cases. The mean age of the pregnant women included in the study was 29.20 ± 6.17 years, and 82% of them had high fear of childbirth. It was determined that factors such as age, education status, occupation, prior pregnancy experience, the number of pregnancies, miscarriage history, and abortion experience had no significant effect on the fear of childbirth. It was observed that there was a weak positive correlation between the fear of childbirth and the anxiety sensitivity and the amplification of somatosensory symptoms. According to the findings of our study, as the fear of childbirth increases, anxiety sensitivity, and somatosensory amplification increase. For this reason, it is crucial to carefully monitor prenatal anxiety, somatosensory amplification and the fear of childbirth of pregnant women with state-related concerns.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Fear of childbirth or what is historically referred to as tokophobia is generally defined as a fear of severe birth and fear of pathological birth. The causes of fear of childbirth are stated as biological reasons, psychological reasons and lack of social support. However, it is not possible to explain the causes of the fear of childbirth in pregnant women and the risk factors affecting them. Similarly, fear of childbirth in individuals with anxiety sensitivity and amplification of somatosensory symptoms has not been adequately investigated.What do the results of this study add? In this study, we aimed to contribute to the related literature by examining the relationship between fear of childbirth in pregnant women and anxiety sensitivity and amplification of somatosensory symptoms. It was observed that there was a weak positive correlation between the fear of childbirth and the sensitivity of anxiety and the amplification of somatosensory symptoms. According to the findings of our study, as the fear of childbirth increases, anxiety sensitivity, and somatosensory amplification increase.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? For this reason, it is crucial to carefully monitor the pregnants who have prenatal anxiety sensitivity, somatosensory amplification, and state-continuous anxiety. Due to insufficient number of studies related to the subject, extensive sample studies on the subject are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Enzel Koc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sabri Colak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Gamze Vesile Colak
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Department of Psychology, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Cicek Hocaoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Evaluation of postpartum depression scores of elective and emergency cesarean section patients. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.689944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Žigić Antić L, Nakić Radoš S, Jokić-Begić N. Are non-pregnant women afraid of childbirth? Prevalence and predictors of fear of childbirth in students. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2019; 40:226-231. [PMID: 29745783 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2018.1470162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fear of childbirth (FOC) has been mostly studied in peripartum women; however, it can be present in non-pregnant young women, and the question is whether it occurs even before pregnancy planning. Objective: (1) to determine the prevalence of clinically significant FOC in non-pregnant female students, and (2) to investigate the role of anxiety sensitivity (AS), trait anxiety, childbirth pain expectancy, and sources of birth knowledge for FOC. Methods: Non-pregnant female students (N = 374) from different study programmes (health studies, social sciences and humanities, and biotechnical studies) participated in the study. They completed Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ, version A), The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), the average expected labor pain, and sources of information about childbirth. Results: The results showed that 25.9% of students reported clinically significant FOC. FOC could be predicted by postponing pregnancy planning, the high expectancy of labor pain, high trait anxiety, and high physical dimension of AS. Students from health sciences reported a lower level of FOC, as opposed to social science and humanities' students. Students reported receiving the most information about childbirth from family and the least from the professional books. Conclusions: Fear of childbirth is highly prevalent in the sample of young nulliparous women with one in four women reporting clinically significant fear. The higher levels of the FOC could be predicted, by AS, trait anxiety, expected labor pain, and sources of knowledge about the childbirth. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Žigić Antić
- a Department of Pediatrics , Clinical Hospital Centre Sisters of Charity , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Sandra Nakić Radoš
- b Department of Psychology , Catholic University of Croatia , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Nataša Jokić-Begić
- c Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
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Badaoui A, Kassm SA, Naja W. Fear and Anxiety Disorders Related to Childbirth: Epidemiological and Therapeutic Issues. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21:27. [PMID: 30868272 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper seeks to identify the risk factors of fear of childbirth (FOC) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to birth and reviews the efficacy of their respective screening tools and therapeutic interventions. RECENT FINDINGS Biofeedback, hypnosis, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy, and antenatal education are promising treatments for FOC. Training midwives to address traumatic birth experiences could help in preventing PTSD. A shorter more pragmatic screening tool for FOC than the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (WDEQ) is needed. Women with PTSD attributed a mismatch between the expected mode of delivery (MOD) and the actual MOD as the cause of their trauma. A history of mental health disorders, lack of social support, previous negative birth experiences, and MOD are correlated to FOC and postpartum PTSD. Psycho-education and CBT-based treatments have been found to reduce levels of FOC and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Badaoui
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Sandra Abou Kassm
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wadih Naja
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Ren X, Zhang L, Xiao Q, Huang D, Liu Q, Zhang Y. Association between COMT polymorphism, labor anxiety, and analgesia in pregnant women. J Pain Res 2019; 12:779-785. [PMID: 30881091 PMCID: PMC6398968 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s192719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COMT gene polymorphism is associated with mental disorders and sensitivity to pain. In this study, we investigated the association between the COMT gene polymorphism and labor anxiety and analgesia in pregnant women. Subjects and methods A total of 425 pregnant women undergoing labor analgesia were selected from May 2016 to February 2018. The COMT gene polymorphism was detected through the PCR with restriction fragment length polymorphism technique before childbirth. According to a COMT genotype, the enrolled pregnant women were subdivided into the Val/Val (allele GG) group, the Met/Met (allele AA) group, and the Val/Met (allele GA) group. Then, the intervertebral space of all pregnant women was injected with 3 mL of 2% lidocaine +6 mL of 0.08% ropivacaine and 6 µg of fentanyl. Labor analgesia was administered as follows: 80 mg of 0.08% ropivacaine +100 µg of fentanyl + normal saline to 100 mL. The general characteristics of the women were examined and recorded. In addition, the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), VAS, Ramsay sedation score, and epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were compared and analyzed. Results A total of 391 pregnant women were enrolled in this study; among these pregnant women, there were 180 pregnant women in the GG group, 132 in the GA group, and 99 in the AA group. The minor allele frequency of COMT polymorphism among these pregnant women was 32.8%. Compared with the GG group, the SAI and VAS scores were higher, the Ramsay sedation score was lower, and the epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were higher in AA and GA groups (P<0.05). Nonetheless, there was no statistically significant difference in the SAI, VAS, Ramsay sedation score, and epinephrine and norepinephrine levels between the groups AA and GA (P>0.05). Conclusion The COMT gene polymorphism was associated with labor anxiety and analgesia among pregnant women, and the Val158Met mutation in the COMT gene could lead to worse labor anxiety and less-effective labor analgesia in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neijiang City Central Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Neijiang 641000, Sichuan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China, ;
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial Armed Police Corps Hospital, Leshan 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuxia Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China, ;
| | - Daxue Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neijiang City Central Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Neijiang 641000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China, ;
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China, ;
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MoghaddamHosseini V, Makai A, Varga K, Ács P, Prémusz V, Várnagy Á. Assessing fear of childbirth and its predictors among Hungarian pregnant women using Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire subscales. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2019; 24:879-889. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2019.1572904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh MoghaddamHosseini
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
- Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Alexandra Makai
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Varga
- Affective Psychology Department, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pongrác Ács
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Prémusz
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ákos Várnagy
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Deliktas A, Kukulu K. Pregnant Women in Turkey Experience Severe Fear of Childbirth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Transcult Nurs 2019; 30:501-511. [DOI: 10.1177/1043659618823905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Culture is an important factor to determine fear of childbirth which is shaped by social learning processes. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of fear of childbirth among Turkish healthy pregnant women. Method: The researchers reviewed the eight databases considering inclusion criteria and 14 studies were included. The data analysis was conducted using meta-analysis. Results: Pregnant women experienced severe levels of fear, 67.26 ± 4.08, 95% confidence interval [59.26, 75.26], and 21 out of every 100 women experienced clinical level of fear. Between study variance was significant for parity (Qb = 6.40, p = .04) and region (Qb = 19.14, p = .00) moderators. Conclusions: The high level of FOC, particularly in the Eastern region, suggests that some of the cultural factors in the Eastern region in Turkey negatively affect the birth expectations. In a country like Turkey with a multicultural population, the health care professional should provide culturally sensitive care.
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Calderani E, Giardinelli L, Scannerini S, Arcabasso S, Compagno E, Petraglia F, Ricca V. Tocophobia in the DSM-5 era: Outcomes of a new cut-off analysis of the Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire based on clinical presentation. J Psychosom Res 2019; 116:37-43. [PMID: 30654992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Diagnosis of tocophobia using existing instruments is an area of active investigation. Although a range of Wijma Delivery Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) cut-off scores has been suggested for detecting tocophobia, there is no consensus among researchers about an optimal cut-off score. The primary goal of the present study was to identify a cut-off value while referring to the DSM-5 Specific Phobia criteria as a gold standard, and to accordingly evaluate how the fearful component of the childbirth experience and psychopathology in the post-natal period are affected by tocophobia. METHODS We conducted an observational, longitudinal study on nulliparous women (n = 106). Routine pregnancy data and data from psychometric questionnaires investigating depression, anxiety, and fear of childbirth were collected. A psychiatric Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) was also conducted. The same parameters were re-evaluated one month after parturition. RESULTS A W-DEQ score of 85 was found to be the optimal cut-off score for detecting tocophobia, with sound sensitivity (100%) and specificity (93.8%). We found substantial agreement between the W-DEQ A and SCID-5 Specific Phobia Criteria (Cohen's Kappa coefficient, κ = 0.720). CONCLUSIONS A W-DEQ cut-off value of 85 is a reliable tool for detecting clinically relevant fear of childbirth according to the DSM-5 diagnosis of Specific Phobia. Therefore, accurate psychopathological investigation must be administered to women with W-DEQ scores greater than this cut-off score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Calderani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Psychiatry Unit, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, Italy.
| | - Lisa Giardinelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Psychiatry Unit, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Scannerini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Psychiatry Unit, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, Italy
| | - Susanna Arcabasso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Psychiatry Unit, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Compagno
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Psychiatry Unit, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi University Hospital, Viale Morgagni 50, Florence, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Psychiatry Unit, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, Italy.
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Fear of birth in clinical practice: A structured review of current measurement tools. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2018; 16:98-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Stoll K, Swift EM, Fairbrother N, Nethery E, Janssen P. A systematic review of nonpharmacological prenatal interventions for pregnancy-specific anxiety and fear of childbirth. Birth 2018; 45:7-18. [PMID: 29057487 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a sharp increase in the number of publications that report on treatment options for pregnancy-specific anxiety and fear of childbirth (PSA/FoB), no systematic review of nonpharmacological prenatal interventions for PSA/FoB has been published. Our team addressed this gap, as an important first step in developing guidelines and recommendations for the treatment of women with PSA/FoB. METHODS Two databases (PubMed and Mendeley) were searched, using a combination of 42 search terms. After removing duplicates, two authors independently assessed 208 abstracts. Sixteen studies met eligibility criteria, ie, the article reported on an intervention, educational component, or treatment regime for PSA/FoB during pregnancy, and included a control group. Independent quality assessments resulted in the retention of seven studies. RESULTS Six of seven included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one a quasi-experimental study. Five studies received moderate quality ratings and two strong ratings. Five of seven studies reported significant changes in PSA/FoB, as a result of the intervention. Short individual psychotherapeutic interventions (1.5-5 hours) delivered by midwives or obstetricians were effective for women with elevated childbirth fear. Interventions that were effective for pregnant women with a range of different fear/anxiety levels were childbirth education at the hospital (2 hours), prenatal Hatha yoga (8 weeks), and an 8-week prenatal education course (16 hours). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this review can inform the development of treatment approaches to support pregnant women with PSA/FoB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Stoll
- School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Emma Marie Swift
- Department of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Nichole Fairbrother
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Island Medical Program, Victoria, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Nethery
- School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Patricia Janssen
- School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Narita Y, Shinohara H, Kodama H. Resting Heart Rate Variability and the Effects of Biofeedback Intervention in Women with Low-Risk Pregnancy and Prenatal Childbirth Fear. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2018; 43:113-121. [DOI: 10.1007/s10484-018-9389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sheen K, Slade P. Examining the content and moderators of women's fears for giving birth: A meta‐synthesis. J Clin Nurs 2018; 27:2523-2535. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Sheen
- Department of Psychological Sciences Institute of Psychology, Health& Society University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Pauline Slade
- Clinical Psychology Institute of Psychology, Health and Society University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
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Stoll K, Fairbrother N, Thordarson DS. Childbirth Fear: Relation to Birth and Care Provider Preferences. J Midwifery Womens Health 2018; 63:58-67. [PMID: 29364575 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to assess how preferences for place of birth and mode of birth relate to different dimensions of childbirth fear and whether there is an association between Canadian women's prenatal fear of childbirth and the type and quality of prenatal care they received. METHODS A link to an online survey was posted on Canadian pregnancy and birth websites; 409 women completed the survey that included sociodemographic questions, questions about the current pregnancy and previous pregnancy experiences (if applicable), and the Childbirth Fear Questionnaire, a validated 40-item scale that measures 9 dimensions of childbirth fear. RESULTS Women under physician care and those with a preference for cesarean birth were generally more fearful of pain associated with vaginal birth, fear of loss of sexual pleasure and attractiveness, and fear of harm to themselves or their infant. Conversely, women under the care of midwives and women who preferred to give birth vaginally were more fearful of interventions. Women who preferred a cesarean birth were significantly more likely to report that fear of childbirth interfered with daily functioning, compared to women who preferred a vaginal birth. Satisfaction with care was associated with lower scores on the Childbirth Fear Questionnaire full and subscales, especially among midwifery clients. DISCUSSION At present there are no guidelines in Canada or the United States for the treatment and/or referral of pregnant women who suffer from childbirth fear. Until such guidelines are developed, findings from the current study can help maternity care providers identify and address specific fears among women in their care and understand how different fear domains relate to care provider choice, satisfaction with care, and women's preferences for place and mode of birth.
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Nilsson C, Hessman E, Sjöblom H, Dencker A, Jangsten E, Mollberg M, Patel H, Sparud-Lundin C, Wigert H, Begley C. Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:28. [PMID: 29329526 PMCID: PMC5766978 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fear of Childbirth (FOC) is a common problem affecting women’s health and wellbeing, and a common reason for requesting caesarean section. The aims of this review were to summarise published research on prevalence of FOC in childbearing women and how it is defined and measured during pregnancy and postpartum, and to search for useful measures of FOC, for research as well as for clinical settings. Methods Five bibliographic databases in March 2015 were searched for published research on FOC, using a protocol agreed a priori. The quality of selected studies was assessed independently by pairs of authors. Prevalence data, definitions and methods of measurement were extracted independently from each included study by pairs of authors. Finally, some of the country rates were combined and compared. Results In total, 12,188 citations were identified and screened by title and abstract; 11,698 were excluded and full-text of 490 assessed for analysis. Of these, 466 were excluded leaving 24 papers included in the review, presenting prevalence of FOC from nine countries in Europe, Australia, Canada and the United States. Various definitions and measurements of FOC were used. The most frequently-used scale was the W-DEQ with various cut-off points describing moderate, severe/intense and extreme/phobic fear. Different 3-, 4-, and 5/6 point scales and visual analogue scales were also used. Country rates (as measured by seven studies using W-DEQ with ≥85 cut-off point) varied from 6.3 to 14.8%, a significant difference (chi-square = 104.44, d.f. = 6, p < 0.0001). Conclusions Rates of severe FOC, measured in the same way, varied in different countries. Reasons why FOC might differ are unknown, and further research is necessary. Future studies on FOC should use the W-DEQ tool with a cut-off point of ≥85, or a more thoroughly tested version of the FOBS scale, or a three-point scale measurement of FOC using a single question as ‘Are you afraid about the birth?’ In this way, valid comparisons in research can be made. Moreover, validation of a clinical tool that is more focussed on FOC alone, and easier than the longer W-DEQ, for women to fill in and clinicians to administer, is required. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-018-1659-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nilsson
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, S-501 90, Borås, Sweden. .,Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 457, -405 30, Gothenburg, SE, Sweden.
| | - E Hessman
- Biomedical Library, Gothenburg University Library at University of Gothenburg, Box 416, -405 30, Gothenburg, SE, Sweden
| | - H Sjöblom
- Biomedical Library, Gothenburg University Library at University of Gothenburg, Box 416, -405 30, Gothenburg, SE, Sweden
| | - A Dencker
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 457, -405 30, Gothenburg, SE, Sweden
| | - E Jangsten
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 457, -405 30, Gothenburg, SE, Sweden
| | - M Mollberg
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 457, -405 30, Gothenburg, SE, Sweden
| | - H Patel
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 457, -405 30, Gothenburg, SE, Sweden
| | - C Sparud-Lundin
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 457, -405 30, Gothenburg, SE, Sweden
| | - H Wigert
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 457, -405 30, Gothenburg, SE, Sweden
| | - C Begley
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 457, -405 30, Gothenburg, SE, Sweden.,Chair of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery,Trinity College Dublin, 24, D'Olier St. Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
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Fairbrother N, Thordarson DS, Stoll K. Fine tuning fear of childbirth: the relationship between Childbirth Fear Questionnaire subscales and demographic and reproductive variables. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2017.1396300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Fairbrother
- Department of Psychiatry/Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Victoria, B.C., Canada
| | - Dana S. Thordarson
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Kathrin Stoll
- School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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Toohill J, Callander E, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Fenwick J. A cost effectiveness analysis of midwife psycho-education for fearful pregnant women - a health system perspective for the antenatal period. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:217. [PMID: 28693447 PMCID: PMC5504805 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psycho-education can reduce childbirth fear and caesarean section numbers. This study determines the cost-effectiveness of a midwife-led psycho-education intervention for women fearful of birth. Method One thousand four hundred ten pregnant women in south-east Queensland, Australia were screened for childbirth fear (W-DEQ A ≥ 66). Women with high scores (n = 339) were randomised to the BELIEF Study (Birth Emotions and Looking to Improve Expectant Fear) to receive psycho-education (n = 170) at 24 and 34 weeks of pregnancy or to the control group (n = 169). Women in both groups were surveyed 6 weeks postpartum with total cost for health service use during pregnancy calculated. Logistic regression models assessed the odds ratio of having vaginal birth or caesarean section in the study groups. Result Of 339 women randomised, 184 (54%) women returned data at 6 weeks postpartum (Intervention Group n = 91; Control Group n = 93). Women receiving psycho-education had a higher likelihood of vaginal birth compared to controls (n = 60, 66% vs. n = 54, 58%; OR 2.34). Mean ‘treatment’ cost for women receiving psycho-education was AUS$72. Mean cost for health services excluding the cost of psycho-education, was less in the intervention group (AUS$1193 vs. AUS$1236), but not significant (p = 0.78). For every five women who received midwife counselling, one caesarean section was averted. The incremental healthcare cost to prevent one caesarean section using this intervention was AUS$145. Conclusion Costs of delivering midwife psycho-education to women with childbirth fear during pregnancy are offset by improved vaginal birth rates and reduction in caesarean section numbers. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Controlled Trials Registry ACTRN12612000526875, 17th May 2012 (retrospectively registered one week after enrolment of first participant).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Toohill
- School of Nursing and Midwifery & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, University Drive, Meadowbrook, 4131, Australia. .,Office of the Chief Nursing and Midwifery Officer, Queensland Department of Health, Brisbane, 4001, Australia.
| | - E Callander
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, 4812, Australia
| | - J Gamble
- School of Nursing and Midwifery & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, University Drive, Meadowbrook, 4131, Australia
| | - D K Creedy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, University Drive, Meadowbrook, 4131, Australia
| | - J Fenwick
- School of Nursing and Midwifery & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, University Drive, Meadowbrook, 4131, Australia.,Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, 4215, Australia
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Ternström E, Hildingsson I, Haines H, Karlström A, Sundin Ö, Ekdahl J, Segeblad B, Larsson B, Rondung E, Rubertsson C. A randomized controlled study comparing internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy and counselling by standard care for fear of birth - A study protocol. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2017; 13:75-82. [PMID: 28844361 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fear of birth is a concern that requires evidence based treatment. The aim of this study is to present the protocol of a randomized controlled multi-center trial to compare internet-based cognitive therapy with counseling as standard care for pregnant women reporting fear of birth. Participants will be recruited in mid-pregnancy. Women who score 60 or above on the Fear of Birth Scale will be offered to participate in this study. Data will be collected by questionnaires including validated instruments at baseline and follow-ups at gestational weeks 30 and 36, two months and one year after birth. The primary outcome will be level of fear of birth measured with the Fear of Birth Scale at 36 weeks of gestation. Secondary outcome measures are level of fear of birth at two months and one year after giving birth, preferences for mode of birth, requests for elective cesarean section, compliance and satisfaction with treatment and birth outcomes. A power calculation based on a 20% reduction of fear implies that approximately 200 will be included in the trial. The study outlined in this protocol will be the first randomized controlled trial comparing internet-based cognitive therapy with counseling for women reporting fear of birth. An effective treatment may result in better overall health for women with fear of birth and a reduction in cesarean sections for non-medical reasons. Evidence regarding treatment options of fear of birth will also provide a greater choice for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Ternström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ingegerd Hildingsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Health Science, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
| | - Helen Haines
- Rural Health Academic Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Annika Karlström
- Department of Nursing, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
| | - Örjan Sundin
- Department of Psychology, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Ekdahl
- Department of Psychology, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
| | | | - Birgitta Larsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Research and Development Centre, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden.
| | - Elisabet Rondung
- Department of Psychology, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
| | - Christine Rubertsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Dennis CL, Falah-Hassani K, Shiri R. Prevalence of antenatal and postnatal anxiety: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2017; 210:315-323. [PMID: 28302701 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.187179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 728] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundMaternal anxiety negatively influences child outcomes. Reliable estimates have not been established because of varying published prevalence rates.AimsTo establish summary estimates for the prevalence of maternal anxiety in the antenatal and postnatal periods.MethodWe searched multiple databases including MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO to identify studies published up to January 2016 with data on the prevalence of antenatal or postnatal anxiety. Data were extracted from published reports and any missing information was requested from investigators. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses.ResultsWe reviewed 23 468 abstracts, retrieved 783 articles and included 102 studies incorporating 221 974 women from 34 countries. The prevalence for self-reported anxiety symptoms was 18.2% (95% CI 13.6-22.8) in the first trimester, 19.1% (95% CI 15.9-22.4) in the second trimester and 24.6% (95% CI 21.2-28.0) in the third trimester. The overall prevalence for a clinical diagnosis of any anxiety disorder was 15.2% (95% CI 9.0-21.4) and 4.1% (95% CI 1.9-6.2) for a generalised anxiety disorder. Postnatally, the prevalence for anxiety symptoms overall at 1-24 weeks was 15.0% (95% CI 13.7-16.4). The prevalence for any anxiety disorder over the same period was 9.9% (95% CI 6.1-13.8), and 5.7% (95% CI 2.3-9.2) for a generalised anxiety disorder. Rates were higher in low- to middle-income countries.ConclusionsResults suggest perinatal anxiety is highly prevalent and merits clinical attention. Research is warranted to develop evidence-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy-Lee Dennis
- Cindy-Lee Dennis, PhD, Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Kobra Falah-Hassani, PhD, Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Rahman Shiri, MD, PhD, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kobra Falah-Hassani
- Cindy-Lee Dennis, PhD, Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Kobra Falah-Hassani, PhD, Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Rahman Shiri, MD, PhD, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rahman Shiri
- Cindy-Lee Dennis, PhD, Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Kobra Falah-Hassani, PhD, Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Rahman Shiri, MD, PhD, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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Thomson G, Stoll K, Downe S, Hall WA. Negative impressions of childbirth in a North-West England student population. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 38:37-44. [PMID: 27578057 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2016.1216960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sociocultural childbirth representations can influence the perceptions of childbirth negatively. In this paper we report on a survey study to explore the factors associated with negative impressions of childbirth in a North-West England University student sample. We also explored whether different sources and perceptions of childbirth information were linked to fear of childbirth. METHODS All students received a survey link via an online messaging board and/or direct e-mail. Female students who were 18-40 years of age and childless (but planned to have children in the future) were invited to participate. Demographics, birth preferences, a fear of birth and general anxiety measures were included as well as questions about what sources of information shaped students' attitudes toward pregnancy and birth (i.e. visual/written media, experiences of friends/family members, school-based education and other) and impressions of birth from these sources (i.e. positive, negative, both positive and negative and not applicable). RESULTS Eligible students (n = 276) completed the online questionnaire. The majority were Caucasian (87%) with a mean age of 22.6 years. Ninety-two students (33.3%) reported negative childbirth impressions through direct or vicarious sources. Students with negative birth impressions were significantly more likely to report higher fear of birth scores. Negatively perceived birth stories of friends/family members, and mixed perceptions of visual media representations of birth were associated with higher fear of birth scores. Having witnessed a birth first-hand and describing the experience as amazing was linked to lower fear scores. CONCLUSION First-hand observations of birth, especially positive experiences, had implications for salutary outcomes. Negative or conflicting perceptions of vicarious experiences were associated with increased levels of childbirth fear. While further research is needed, these insights suggest a need for positive birth stories and messages to be disseminated to mitigate any negative effects of indirect accounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gill Thomson
- a Maternal and Infant Nutrition and Nurture Unit (MAINN) , University of Central Lancashire , Preston , Lancashire , England
| | - Kathrin Stoll
- b Faculty of Medicine , School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Soo Downe
- c Research in Childbirth and Health Unit (ReaCH) , University of Central Lancashire , Preston , Lancashire , England
| | - Wendy A Hall
- d School of Nursing , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
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Rondung E, Thomtén J, Sundin Ö. Psychological perspectives on fear of childbirth. J Anxiety Disord 2016; 44:80-91. [PMID: 27788373 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this narrative review was to examine the literature on fear of childbirth from a psychological perspective, addressing the specificity of childbirth fear, the pathways of fear acquisition, and the physiological, cognitive and behavioral aspects of fear. Systematic procedures for literature search, inclusion and exclusion left 86 original research papers for analysis. Findings summarize the body of knowledge for each area of interest, as well as the number of studies addressing each theme. Overall, few studies adopt a clear-cut psychological perspective, leaving the psychological mechanisms of childbirth fear largely unexplored. Although methodological limitations make conclusions difficult, results give a hint of etiological diversity and possible psychological mechanisms commonly described as transdiagnostic features in anxiety. Systematic investigations of psychological mechanisms, longitudinal studies exploring possible vicious circles of fear, and studies comparing psychological characteristics within the group of women fearing childbirth are identified as research areas of high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Rondung
- Department of Psychology, Mid Sweden University, 831 40 Östersund, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Thomtén
- Department of Psychology, Mid Sweden University, 831 40 Östersund, Sweden.
| | - Örjan Sundin
- Department of Psychology, Mid Sweden University, 831 40 Östersund, Sweden.
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50
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Witteveen AB, De Cock P, Huizink AC, De Jonge A, Klomp T, Westerneng M, Geerts CC. Pregnancy related anxiety and general anxious or depressed mood and the choice for birth setting: a secondary data-analysis of the DELIVER study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:363. [PMID: 27871257 PMCID: PMC5118894 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-1158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In several developed countries women with a low risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth can make choices regarding place of birth. In the Netherlands, these women receive midwife-led care and can choose between a home or hospital birth. The declining rate of midwife-led home births alongside the recent debate on safety of home births in the Netherlands, however, suggest an association of choice of birth place with psychological factors related to safety and risk perception. In this study associations of pregnancy related anxiety and general anxious or depressed mood with (changes in) planned place of birth were explored in low risk women in midwife-led care until the start of labour. Methods Data (n = 2854 low risk women in midwife-led care at the onset of labour) were selected from the prospective multicenter DELIVER study. Women completed the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised (PRAQ-R) to assess pregnancy related anxiety and the EuroQol-6D (EQ-6D) for an anxious and/or depressed mood. Results A high PRAQ-R score was associated with planned hospital birth in nulliparous (aOR 1.92; 95% CI 1.32–2.81) and parous women (aOR 2.08; 95% CI 1.55–2.80). An anxious or depressed mood was associated with planned hospital birth (aOR 1.58; 95% CI 1.20–2.08) and with being undecided (aOR 1.99; 95% CI 1.23–2.99) in parous women only. The majority of women did not change their planned place of birth. Changing from an initially planned home birth to a hospital birth later in pregnancy was, however, associated with becoming anxious or depressed after 35 weeks gestation in nulliparous women (aOR 4.17; 95% CI 1.35–12.89) and with pregnancy related anxiety at 20 weeks gestation in parous women (aOR 3.91; 95% CI 1.32–11.61). Conclusion Low risk women who planned hospital birth (or who were undecided) more often reported pregnancy related anxiety or an anxious or depressed mood. Women who changed from home to hospital birth during pregnancy more often reported pregnancy related anxiety or an anxious or depressed mood in late pregnancy. Anxiety should be adequately addressed in the process of informed decision-making regarding planned place of birth in low risk women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Witteveen
- Department of Midwifery Science, AVAG and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - P De Cock
- Department of Midwifery Science, AVAG and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A C Huizink
- Department of Developmental Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A De Jonge
- Department of Midwifery Science, AVAG and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Klomp
- Department of Midwifery Science, AVAG and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Westerneng
- Department of Midwifery Science, AVAG and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C C Geerts
- Department of Midwifery Science, AVAG and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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