1
|
Bastain T, Naya C, Yang T, Vigil M, Chen C, Chavez T, Toledo-Corral C, Farzan S, Habre R, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Grubbs B, Dunton G, Breton C, Eckel S. Poor Sleep Quality Increases Gestational Weight Gain Rate in Pregnant People: Findings from the MADRES Study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2944456. [PMID: 37841879 PMCID: PMC10571604 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2944456/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Poor sleep quality is associated with weight gain in non-pregnant populations, but evidence in pregnant people is lacking. Our study examined the association between early-to-mid pregnancy sleep quality and weekly gestational weight gain (GWG) rate during mid-to-late pregnancy by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Method Participants were 316 pregnant participants from the Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) study. During early-to-mid pregnancy, participants reported their sleep quality which was used to construct four categories: very poor, poor, good, and very good. Linear growth curve models examined the association between early-to-mid pregnancy sleep quality and weekly rate of GWG (kg/week) during mid-to-late pregnancy (> 20 weeks gestation), with a three-way cross-level interaction between gestational age, sleep quality, and pre-pregnancy BMI category. Models adjusted for ethnicity by birthplace, hypertensive disorders, perceived stress score, and physical activity level. Results Overall, poorer early-to-mid pregnancy sleep quality was associated with increased weekly weight gain during mid-to-late pregnancy. For example, amongst normal weight participants, mid-to-late pregnancy weight gain was, on average, 0.39 kg (95% CI: 0.29, 0.48) per week for those with very good sleep quality, 0.53 kg (95% CI: 0.44, 0.61) per week for those with poor sleep quality, and 0.54 kg (95% CI: 0.46, 0.62) per week for those with very poor sleep quality during early-to-mid pregnancy. This difference in GWG rate was statistically significantly comparing very good to poor sleep (0.14 kg/week, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.26) and very good to very poor sleep (0.15kg/week, 85% CI: 0.02, 0.27). This association between sleep quality and GWG rate did not statistically differ by pre-pregnancy BMI. Conclusion Our study found very poor early-to-mid pregnancy sleep quality was associated with higher mid-to-late pregnancy GWG rate. Incorporating pregnancy-specific sleep recommendations into routine obstetric care may be a critical next step in promoting healthy GWG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carrie Breton
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Formoso G, Bianchi C, Burlina S, Manicardi E, Sculli MA, Resi V, Sciacca L. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations on the nutritional management of diabetes in pregnancy: an online national survey. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:1597-1607. [PMID: 36053391 PMCID: PMC9581811 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-01950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS As recommended by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), health practitioners should encourage a healthy nutrition and adequate weight gain during pregnancy in order to ensure favorable pregnancy and fetal outcomes, and to prevent diseases later in life for both mother and child. The purpose of this online survey was to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the 2009 IOM recommendations among healthcare professionals managing nutritional therapy in pregnancies complicated by diabetes in Italy. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted by using an online self-administered questionnaire undertaken between October and December 2021. RESULTS Of the 220 participants 89% were diabetologists/endocrinologists/internal medicine specialists and 11% dietitians/nutritionists. The survey found that the 53% of respondents provide a personalized diet to pregnant women with diabetes, while 32% a standard diet plan and only 15% healthy dietary advice. The 69% of the participants investigated for appropriate gestational weight gain, mainly based on pre-pregnancy BMI (96%), gestational weight gain (GWG) at first prenatal visit (80%) and presence of twin pregnancy (58%). Maternal weight gain was evaluated at each regularly scheduled prenatal visit and compared with IOM recommendations for the 87% of healthcare professionals. Diet plan was periodically re-evaluated and/or modified (90% of participants), based on inadequate maternal weight gain and/or fetal growth abnormalities (78%), trimester transition (53%), changes in physical activity and/or a "feel hungry" (50%). CONCLUSIONS This survey reported the knowledge and attitude of IOM guidelines and the nutritional knowledge and practice of Italian professionals on the nutritional management of diabetes in pregnancy. The application of these recommendations seemed more feasible in clinics/team dedicated to "Diabetes in Pregnancy".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Formoso
- Interassociative Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Rome, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST, Ex CeSIMet) G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- Interassociative Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Rome, Italy
- Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Burlina
- Interassociative Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Manicardi
- Interassociative Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Rome, Italy
- Diabetes Unit, Primary Health Care, Local Health Authority of Reggio Emilia-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Sculli
- Interassociative Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Rome, Italy
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli Hospital, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Veronica Resi
- Interassociative Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Rome, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Sciacca
- Interassociative Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Farias DR, Carrilho TRB, Freitas-Costa NC, Batalha MA, Gonzalez M, Kac G. Maternal mental health and gestational weight gain in a Brazilian Cohort. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10787. [PMID: 34031477 PMCID: PMC8144604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are common during pregnancy, but little is known about the influence of these disorders on gestational weight gain (GWG). Data from a prospective cohort of pregnant women followed in a public healthcare center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were used to evaluate the association of depression, anxiety, and suicide risk with GWG. GWG was evaluated at 5-13, 20-26, 30-36, and 37-42 weeks, and GWG adequacy was determined. Statistical analyses included linear mixed-effect models and Poisson regression. We evaluated 206 women, in which 15% (n = 31) presented major depressive disorder, 19.4% (n = 34) suicide risk and 10% (n = 21) generalized anxiety disorder at baseline. Women with depression at the first trimester, persistent depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms at the second trimester presented significantly lower rates of GWG per week compared to those without depression or anxiety, respectively. Persistent depressive symptoms represented a 2.40 (95% CI 1.20; 4.81; p = 0.013) increase in the risk of insufficient GWG. There was no significant association between generalized anxiety disorder or suicide risk with GWG. The presence of depression, depressive symptoms, and anxiety during pregnancy were associated with lower GWG rates. Persistent depressive symptoms during pregnancy were directly associated with insufficient GWG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Rodrigues Farias
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco J, 2º andar, sala 29. Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Thais Rangel Bousquet Carrilho
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco J, 2º andar, sala 29. Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Nathalia C Freitas-Costa
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco J, 2º andar, sala 29. Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mônica Araújo Batalha
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco J, 2º andar, sala 29. Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mylena Gonzalez
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco J, 2º andar, sala 29. Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco J, 2º andar, sala 29. Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
A Revalidation of the Weight Related Behaviours Questionnaire within an Australian Pregnancy Cohort. Midwifery 2021; 97:102951. [PMID: 33677171 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Studies investigating the direct and indirect relationships between psychosocial factors (i.e. attitudes, beliefs and values), health related behaviour (diet and physical activity) and gestational weight gain are increasing. To date heterogeneity of psychosocial measurement tools has limited research progress in this area, preventing measurement of effects by meta-analysis techniques. AIM To conduct a revalidation analysis of a Weight Related Behaviours Questionnaire, originally developed by Kendall, Olson and Frangelico within the United States of America and assess its performance for use within the Australian context. METHODS A revalidation study using Exploratory Factor Analysis was undertaken to assess the factor structure and internal consistency of the six psychosocial scales of the Weight Related Behaviours Questionnaire, within the Woman and Their Children's Health (WATCH), pregnancy cohort. The questionnaire was self-completed between 18 - 20 weeks gestation. Psychosocial factors included; Weight locus of control; Self-efficacy; Attitudes towards weight gain; Body image, Feelings about the motherhood role; and Career orientation. FINDINGS Weight locus of control, Self-efficacy and Body image, retained the same factor structure as the original analysis. The remaining psychosocial factors observed a different factor structure in terms of loadings or number of factors. Deleted items modelling suggests the questionnaire could be strengthened and shortened. CONCLUSION Weight Locus of control, Self-efficacy and Body image were observed as consistent, valid and reliable psychosocial measures for use within the Australian context. Further research is needed to confirm the model and investigate the potential for combining these scales into a shorter psychosocial measurement tool.
Collapse
|
5
|
Martínez-Hortelano JA, Cavero-Redondo I, Álvarez-Bueno C, Garrido-Miguel M, Soriano-Cano A, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Monitoring gestational weight gain and prepregnancy BMI using the 2009 IOM guidelines in the global population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:649. [PMID: 33109112 PMCID: PMC7590483 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported a high prevalence of excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) in women with prepregnancy BMI classified as overweight and obese. However, the joint evidence regarding GWG and prepregnancy BMI in the worldwide population has not been synthesized. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate global and regional mean GWG and the prevalence of GWG above, within and below 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. Second, we aimed to estimate global and regional prepregnancy BMI and the prevalence of BMI categories according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science to identify observational studies until 9 May 2018. We included studies published from 2009 that used 2009 IOM guidelines, reporting data from women in general population with singleton pregnancies. The 2009 IOM categories for GWG and the WHO categories for prepregnancy BMI were used. DerSimonian and Laird random effects methods were used to estimate the pooled and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of the mean and by category rates of GWG and prepregnancy BMI, calculated by global and regions. RESULTS Sixty-three published studies from 29 countries with a total sample size of 1,416,915 women were included. The global prevalence of GWG above and below the 2009 IOM guidelines, was 27.8% (95% CI; 26.5, 29.1) and 39.4% (95% CI; 37.1, 41.7), respectively. Furthermore, meta-regression analyses showed that the mean GWG and the prevalence of GWG above guidelines have increased. The global prevalence of overweight and obesity, was 23.0% (95% CI; 22.3, 23.7) and 16.3% (95% CI; 15.4, 17.4), respectively. The highest mean GWG and prepregnancy BMI were in North America and the lowest were in Asia. CONCLUSIONS Considering the high prevalence of GWG above the 2009 IOM guidelines and women with overweight/obesity and their continuously increasing trend in most regions, clinicians should recommend lifestyle interventions to improve women's weight during reproductive age. Due to regional variability, these interventions should be adapted to each cultural context. TRIAL REGISTRATION Prospectively registered with PROSPERO ( CRD42018093562 ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Care Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Care Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain.
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay.
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Care Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Alba Soriano-Cano
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Care Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Care Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shakeri M, Jafarirad S, Amani R, Cheraghian B, Najafian M. A longitudinal study on the relationship between mother's personality trait and eating behaviors, food intake, maternal weight gain during pregnancy and neonatal birth weight. Nutr J 2020; 19:67. [PMID: 32631417 PMCID: PMC7339425 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many factors such as social and behavioral are related to appropriate weight gain during pregnancy, and there is much of importance to find them. The aim of the study was to explore the association of personality traits, with eating behaviors, food intake, maternal weight gain during pregnancy as well as the neonatal birth weight. Methods This is a longitudinal and cross-sectional study. Eating behaviors were assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), and the NEO personality inventory was used to assess personality in pregnant subjects. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to determine food intake. Three hundred and sixty pregnant subjects from Ahvaz (the capital city of Khuzestan province, Iran) were followed from the 20th week of pregnancy until delivery. Results High neuroticism was associated with higher consumption of highly energetic foods (p < 0.05) and less consumption of vegetables (p < 0.01), also was related with lower weight gain during pregnancy and neonatal birth weight (p < 0.05). Openness to experience, extraversion and agreeableness were linked with higher consumption of vegetables (p < 0.05). Conscientiousness predicted lower neonatal weight (odds ratio: 1.20, confidence interval: 1.07–1.34, p < 0.01). Conclusions Identification of personality traits would help to change the lifestyle and improve management guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Shakeri
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sima Jafarirad
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Reza Amani
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahman Cheraghian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Najafian
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fealy S, Davis D, Foureur M, Attia J, Hazelton M, Hure A. The return of weighing in pregnancy: A discussion of evidence and practice. Women Birth 2020; 33:119-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
8
|
Braig S, Logan CA, Reister F, Rothenbacher D, Genuneit J. Psychosocial stress and longitudinally measured gestational weight gain throughout pregnancy: The Ulm SPATZ Health Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1996. [PMID: 32029794 PMCID: PMC7005281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress is thought to influence gestational weight gain (GWG), but results are inconsistent. We investigated the relationship of questionnaire-based maternal stress and related constructs assessed at childbirth with maternal weight measured throughout pregnancy. Data were derived from the Ulm SPATZ Health Study, a birth cohort recruited from the general population (04/2012-05/2013, Ulm, Germany). Adjusted generalized estimating equations were performed. Regression coefficients (b) and 95% confidence intervals, each highest versus lowest tertile of stress or related constructs, are presented. In 748 women, we observed positive associations for maternal chronic stress (b = 4.36 kg (1.77; 6.95)), depressive symptoms (b = 2.50 kg (0.14; 4.86)), anxiety symptoms (b = 3.26 kg (0.62, 5.89)), and hair cortisol (b = 3.35 kg (0.86; 5.83)) with maternal weight at the first gestational month. GWG was considerably lower in mothers with higher chronic stress. Pregnancy-related anxiety was positively related to weight at first month (b = 4.16 kg (1.74; 6.58)) and overall GWG. In contrast, no association was observed between anxiety symptoms and GWG. Odds ratios for association with inadequate weight gain according to Institute of Medicine recommended cutoffs differed from the results presented obove. There is evidence of an association between stress and weight gain lying beyond the recommended cut-offs, which however needs further corroboration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Braig
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - C A Logan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - F Reister
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - D Rothenbacher
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - J Genuneit
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Leipzig University Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brennan L, Teede H, Skouteris H, Linardon J, Hill B, Moran L. Lifestyle and Behavioral Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017; 26:836-848. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2016.5792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Brennan
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helena Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Diabetes and Endocrine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Jake Linardon
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Briony Hill
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Lisa Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|