1
|
Xie T, Li Y, Xiao Y, Zheng H, Liao G, Lu S. Articulation Assessment for Tongue Cancer Patients: Using Consonant Production Performance to Capture Speech Deficits. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39146370 DOI: 10.1044/2024_jslhr-24-00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to thoroughly analyze postoperative consonant errors by tongue cancer (TC) patients with speech disorders and also to investigate the correlation between the pathological factors and the speech performance using our Consonant-based Articulation Assessment Battery (CAAB). METHOD The participants were 57 monolingual Mandarin TC patients (26 women, 31 men) after surgery (aged 20-80 years). All participants were literate and had normal vision and hearing, enabling them to comprehend and comply with our instructions. In order to quickly evaluate their articulation performance based on the place and manner of articulation, they were instructed to pronounce the characters in CAAB. The analysis removed speech samples impacted by speakers' dialects, while recording and documenting all other responses. RESULTS The study uncovered a significant correlation between pathological factors (e.g., size of tongue resection, specific resection site, and tumor size) and the accuracy of consonant articulation. Furthermore, tongue damage predominantly impacts the place of articulation (63.85%) than the manner of articulation (20.78%). The damage in the anterior part of the tongue has the most prominent influence on consonant production. CONCLUSIONS CAAB can fast capture the idiosyncratic characteristics of speech production by TC patients, and the articulation deficits are quite different from other types of organic or nonorganic speech disorders, for example, cleft lip and cleft palate. Hence, CAAB can be designated as an assessment tool for articulation disorders caused by stomatognathic damages. Our findings also shed light on the possible oral cancer surgery plan and the postoperative speech rehabilitation training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Xie
- Neurolinguistics Laboratory, College of International Studies, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Li
- Neurolinguistics Laboratory, College of International Studies, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yudong Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huayong Zheng
- Neurolinguistics Laboratory, College of International Studies, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guiqing Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Lu
- Neurolinguistics Laboratory, College of International Studies, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tienkamp TB, Rebernik T, Halpern BM, van Son RJJH, Wieling M, Witjes MJH, de Visscher SAHJ, Abur D. Quantifying Articulatory Working Space in Individuals Surgically Treated for Oral Cancer With Electromagnetic Articulography. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2024; 67:384-399. [PMID: 38289853 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-23-00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to quantify sentence-level articulatory kinematics in individuals treated for oral squamous cell carcinoma (ITOC) compared to control speakers while also assessing the effect of treatment site (jaw vs. tongue). Furthermore, this study aimed to assess the relation between articulatory-kinematic measures and self-reported speech problems. METHOD Articulatory-kinematic data from the tongue tip, tongue back, and jaw were collected using electromagnetic articulography in nine Dutch ITOC and eight control speakers. To quantify articulatory kinematics, the two-dimensional articulatory working space (AWS; in mm2), one-dimensional anteroposterior range of motion (AP-ROM; in mm), and superior-inferior range of motion (SI-ROM in mm) were calculated and examined. Self-reported speech problems were assessed with the Speech Handicap Index (SHI). RESULTS Compared to a sex-matched control group, ITOC showed significantly smaller AWS, AP-ROM, and SI-ROM for both the tongue tip and tongue back sensor, but no significant differences were observed for the jaw sensor. This pattern was found for both individuals treated for tongue and jaw tumors. Moderate nonsignificant correlations were found between the SHI and the AWS of the tongue back and jaw sensors. CONCLUSIONS Despite large individual variation, ITOC showed reduced one- and two-dimensional tongue, but not jaw, movements compared to control speakers and treatment for tongue and jaw tumors resulted in smaller tongue movements. A larger sample size is needed to establish a more generalizable connection between the AWS and the SHI. Further research should explore how these kinematic changes in ITOC are related to acoustic and perceptual measures of speech.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Tienkamp
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Teja Rebernik
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bence M Halpern
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Multimedia Computing Group, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands
| | - Rob J J H van Son
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Wieling
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT
| | - Max J H Witjes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Defne Abur
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo K, Xiao Y, Deng W, Zhao G, Zhang J, Liang Y, Yang L, Liao G. Speech disorders in patients with Tongue squamous cell carcinoma: A longitudinal observational study based on a questionnaire and acoustic analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:192. [PMID: 37005608 PMCID: PMC10068158 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02888-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Speech disorders are common dysfunctions in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) that can diminish their quality of life. There are few studies with multidimensional and longitudinal assessments of speech function in TSCC patients. METHODS This longitudinal observational study was conducted at the Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, China, from January 2018 to March 2021. A cohort of 92 patients (53 males, age range: 24-77 years) diagnosed with TSCC participated in this study. Speech function was assessed from preoperatively to one year postoperatively using the Speech Handicap Index questionnaire and acoustic parameters. The risk factors for postoperative speech disorder were analyzed by a linear mixed-effects model. A t test or Mann‒Whitney U test was applied to analyze the differences in acoustic parameters under the influence of risk factors to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms of speech disorders in patients with TSCC. RESULTS The incidence of preoperative speech disorders was 58.7%, which increased up to 91.4% after surgery. Higher T stage (P<0.001) and larger range of tongue resection (P = 0.002) were risk factors for postoperative speech disorders. Among the acoustic parameters, F2/i/decreased remarkably with higher T stage (P = 0.021) and larger range of tongue resection (P = 0.009), indicating restricted tongue movement in the anterior-posterior direction. The acoustic parameters analysis during the follow-up period showed that F1 and F2 were not significantly different of the patients with subtotal or total glossectomy over time. CONCLUSIONS Speech disorders in TSCC patients is common and persistent. Less residual tongue volume led to worse speech-related QoL, indicating that surgically restoring the length of the tongue and strengthening tongue extension postoperatively may be important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56th Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No.74, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yudong Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56th Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No.74, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56th Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No.74, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Guiyi Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56th Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No.74, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56th Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No.74, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56th Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No.74, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56th Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No.74, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Guiqing Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56th Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No.74, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tienkamp TB, van Son RJJH, Halpern BM. Objective speech outcomes after surgical treatment for oral cancer: An acoustic analysis of a spontaneous speech corpus containing 32.850 tokens. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2023; 101:106292. [PMID: 36521253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical treatment for oral cancer leads to lasting changes of the vocal tract and individuals treated for oral cancer (ITOC) often experience speech problems. The purpose of this study was to analyse the acoustic properties of the spontaneous speech of individuals who were surgically treated for oral cancer. It was investigated (1) how key spectral measures of articulation change post-treatment; (2) whether changes are more related to target manner or place of articulation; and (3) how spectral measures develop at various time points following treatment. METHOD A corpus consisting of 32.850 tokens was constructed by manually segmenting the speech of five (four female - one male) American English speaking ITOC. General acoustic characteristics (duration and spectral tilt), plosives (burst frequency), fricatives (centre of gravity and spectral skewness), and vowels (F1 and F2) were analysed using linear mixed effects regression and compared to control speech. Moreover, a within speaker analysis was performed for speakers with multiple recordings. RESULTS Manner of articulation is more predictive of post-treatment changes than place of articulation. Compared to controls, ITOC produced the fricatives /f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ/ with a lower centre of gravity while no differences were found for plosives and vowels. Longitudinal analyses show high within-speaker variation, but general improvements one-year post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Surgical oral cancer treatment changes the spectral properties of speech. Fricatives with varying manner of articulations were distorted, suggesting that manner of articulation is more predictive than place of articulation in identifying general problem areas for ITOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Tienkamp
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, Oude Kijk in 't Jatstraat 26, 9712 EK, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob J J H van Son
- Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, University of Amsterdam, Spuistraat 134, 1012 VB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bence Mark Halpern
- Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, University of Amsterdam, Spuistraat 134, 1012 VB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Multimedia Computing Group, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hagedorn C, Lu Y, Toutios A, Sinha U, Goldstein L, Narayanan S. Variation in compensatory strategies as a function of target constriction degree in post-glossectomy speech. JASA EXPRESS LETTERS 2022; 2:045205. [PMID: 35495774 PMCID: PMC9036259 DOI: 10.1121/10.0009897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who have undergone treatment for oral cancer oftentimes exhibit compensatory behavior in consonant production. This pilot study investigates whether compensatory mechanisms utilized in the production of speech sounds with a given target constriction location vary systematically depending on target manner of articulation. The data reveal that compensatory strategies used to produce target alveolar segments vary systematically as a function of target manner of articulation in subtle yet meaningful ways. When target constriction degree at a particular constriction location cannot be preserved, individuals may leverage their ability to finely modulate constriction degree at multiple constriction locations along the vocal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hagedorn
- Linguistics, College of Staten Island-City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
| | - Yijing Lu
- Linguistics, University of Southern California, 3601 Watt Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Asterios Toutios
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Uttam Sinha
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA , , , , ,
| | - Louis Goldstein
- Linguistics, University of Southern California, 3601 Watt Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Shrikanth Narayanan
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Girod-Roux M, Hueber T, Fabre D, Gerber S, Canault M, Bedoin N, Acher A, Béziaud N, Truy E, Badin P. Rehabilitation of speech disorders following glossectomy, based on ultrasound visual illustration and feedback. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2020; 34:826-843. [PMID: 31992079 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2019.1700310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intraoral surgery for tongue cancer usually induces speech disorders that have a negative impact on communication and quality of life. Studies have documented the benefit of tongue ultrasound imaging as a visual articulatory feedback for speech rehabilitation. This study aims to assess specifically the complementary contribution of visual feedback to visual illustration (i.e. the display of ultrasound video of target language movements) for the speech rehabilitation of glossectomised patients. Two therapy conditions were used alternately for ten glossectomised French patients randomly divided into two cohorts. The IF cohort benefitted from 10 sessions using illustration alone (IL condition) followed by 10 sessions using illustration supplemented by visual feedback (IL+F condition). The FI cohort followed the opposite protocol, i.e. the first 10 sessions with the IL+F condition, followed by 10 sessions with the IL condition. Phonetic accuracy (Percent Consonants Correct) was monitored at baseline (T0, before the first series) and after each series (T1 and T2) using clinical speech-language assessments. None of the contrasts computed between the two conditions, using logistic regression with random effects models, were found to be statistically significant for the group analysis of assessment scores. Results were significant for a few individuals, with balanced advantages in both conditions. In conclusion, the use of articulatory visual feedback does not seem to bring a decisive advantage over the use of visual illustration, though speech therapists and patients reported that ultrasound feedback was useful at the beginning. This result should be confirmed by similar studies involving other types of speech disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Girod-Roux
- GIPSA-lab, UMR 5216, CNRS - Grenoble Alpes University , Grenoble, France
- Centre Médical Rocheplane , Saint-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Thomas Hueber
- GIPSA-lab, UMR 5216, CNRS - Grenoble Alpes University , Grenoble, France
| | - Diandra Fabre
- GIPSA-lab, UMR 5216, CNRS - Grenoble Alpes University , Grenoble, France
| | - Silvain Gerber
- GIPSA-lab, UMR 5216, CNRS - Grenoble Alpes University , Grenoble, France
| | - Mélanie Canault
- Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage, UMR 5596, CNRS, Université Lumière Lyon 2, & Institut des Sciences et Techniques de la Réadaptation, Université Claude Bernard , Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Bedoin
- Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage, UMR 5596, CNRS, Université Lumière Lyon 2, & Institut des Sciences et Techniques de la Réadaptation, Université Claude Bernard , Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Acher
- Unité Neuro-Vasculaire, Pôle Psychiatrie-Neurologie-Rééducation, CHU Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble, France
| | | | - Eric Truy
- Département d'ORL, de Chirurgie cervico-maxillo-faciale et d'Audiophonologie, Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot , Lyon, France
- ImpAct (Integrative multisensory perception Action cognition team) Lyon Neuroscience Research Center - CRNL (Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292) , Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Badin
- GIPSA-lab, UMR 5216, CNRS - Grenoble Alpes University , Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Balaguer M, Pommée T, Farinas J, Pinquier J, Woisard V, Speyer R. Effects of oral and oropharyngeal cancer on speech intelligibility using acoustic analysis: Systematic review. Head Neck 2019; 42:111-130. [PMID: 31571334 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of automatic tools based on acoustic analysis allows to overcome the limitations of perceptual assessment for patients with head and neck cancer. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of literature describing the effects of oral and oropharyngeal cancer on speech intelligibility using acoustic analysis. METHODS Two databases (PubMed and Embase) were surveyed. The selection process, according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement, led to a final set of 22 articles. RESULTS Nasalance is studied mainly in oropharyngeal patients. The vowels are mostly studied using formant analysis and vowel space area, the consonants by means of spectral moments with specific parameters according to their phonetic characteristic. Machine learning methods allow classifying "intelligible" or "unintelligible" speech for T3 or T4 tumors. CONCLUSIONS The development of comprehensive models combining different acoustic measures would allow a better consideration of the functional impact of the speech disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Balaguer
- CHU Larrey, Toulouse, France.,IRIT, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Virginie Woisard
- CHU Larrey, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire Octogone-Lordat, Toulouse, France
| | - Renée Speyer
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Silva LMD, Vassoler AMDO, Marino VCDC, Berti LC. Quantitative analysis of tongue movement in 14 phonemes of Brazilian Portuguese. Codas 2017; 29:e20160211. [PMID: 28876369 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20172016211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to characterize the ultrasonographic pattern of tongue movement in 14 consonant phonemes of Brazilian Portuguese (BP), seeking to identify and describe ultrasonographic parameters that could grasp the difference of manner and place of articulation among these phonemes. Methods We selected 20 individuals with typical speech production, aged between 20-30 years of both genders. The selected stimuli included the 14 lingual consonant BP phonemes in the intervocalic context of [a]. Data were collected and analyzed with the use of ultrasound, and the AAA (Articulate Assistant Advanced) and the Ultra-CATS (The Ultrasonographic Contour Analyzer for Tongue Surfaces) softwares. Three ultrasound parameters were used for data analysis: anteriority index (AI), global average of tongue height (GA) and relative anteriority index (RAI). Data were statistically analyzed. Results ANOVA showed a significant effect on the parameters and the RAI differentiated phonemes as the place (alveolar, pre-palatal, palatal and velar) and manner of articulation (fricative, nasal and occlusive); GA differentiate phonemes only as the place of articulation (alveolar, pre-palatal and velar). Conclusion There was no single US parameter that could differentiate place and manner of articulation simultaneously. The clinical application for analysis of speech production disorders require the use of at least two ultrasound parameters: one to distinguish the place and another to distinguish the articulation manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Mara de Oliveira Vassoler
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Marília (SP), Brasil.,Fundação Educacional de Fernandópolis - FEF - Fernandópolis (SP), Brasil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Blyth KM, McCabe P, Madill C, Ballard KJ. Ultrasound in dysphagia rehabilitation: a novel approach following partial glossectomy. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 39:2215-2227. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1219400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M. Blyth
- Speech Pathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Discipline of Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Patricia McCabe
- Discipline of Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Madill
- Discipline of Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kirrie J. Ballard
- Discipline of Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|