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Boto de Los Bueis A, Vidal Arranz C, Del Hierro-Zarzuelo A, Díaz Valle D, Méndez Fernández R, Gabarrón Hermosilla MI, Benítez Del Castillo JM, García-Arranz M. Long-Term Effects of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for the Treatment of Bilateral Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:345-353. [PMID: 38152876 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2297342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the safety and feasibility of human autologous adipose tissue-derived adult mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) for ocular surface regeneration in patients with bilateral limbal stem-cell deficiency (LSCD). METHODS A phase IIa clinical trial was designed (https://Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01808378) with 8 patients, 3 of whom had aniridia, 2 meibomian glands diseases, 2 multiple surgeries and 1 chronic chemical injury. The therapeutic protocol was as follows: 6-mm of central corneal epithelium was removed, 400,000 ASCs were injected into each limboconjunctival quadrant, 400,000 ASCs were suspended over the cornea for 20 min, and finally the cornea was covered with an amniotic membrane patch. RESULTS No adverse events were detected after a mean of 86,5 months of follow-up. One year after surgery, 6 of the 8 transplants were scored as successful, five patients had improved uncorrected visual acuity (mean of 12 letters), two patients presented epithelial defects (also present at baseline) and the mean percentage of corneal neovascularization was of 28.75% (36.98%, at baseline). Re-examination 24 months after treatment disclosed preserved efficacy in 4 patients. At the last visit (after a mean of 86,5 months of follow up) epithelial defects were absent in all patients although improvement in all of the variables was only maintained in patient 3 (meibomian glands agenesia). CONCLUSION ASCs are a feasible and conservative therapy for treating bilateral LSCD. The therapeutic effect differs between etiologies and diminishes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Díaz Valle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Mariano García-Arranz
- New Therapy Laboratory, Research Institute Foundation-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Surico PL, Scarabosio A, Miotti G, Grando M, Salati C, Parodi PC, Spadea L, Zeppieri M. Unlocking the versatile potential: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in ocular surface reconstruction and oculoplastics. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:89-101. [PMID: 38455097 PMCID: PMC10915950 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review comprehensively explores the versatile potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with a specific focus on adipose-derived MSCs. Ophthalmic and oculoplastic surgery, encompassing diverse procedures for ocular and periocular enhancement, demands advanced solutions for tissue restoration, functional and aesthetic refinement, and aging. Investigating immunomodulatory, regenerative, and healing capacities of MSCs, this review underscores the potential use of adipose-derived MSCs as a cost-effective alternative from bench to bedside, addressing common unmet needs in the field of reconstructive and regenerative surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Luigi Surico
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Anna Scarabosio
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Miotti
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Martina Grando
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale, San Vito al Tagliamento 33078, Italy
| | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Pier Camillo Parodi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Spadea
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00142, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy.
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3
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Finocchio L, Zeppieri M, Gabai A, Spadea L, Salati C. Recent Advances of Adipose-Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Retinal Diseases. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7015. [PMID: 38002628 PMCID: PMC10672618 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of stem cell research in modern times, stem cell-based therapy has opened a new era of tissue regeneration, becoming one of the most promising strategies for currently untreatable retinal diseases. Among the various sources of stem cells, adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality due to their characteristics and multiple functions, which include immunoregulation, anti-apoptosis of neurons, cytokine and growth factor secretion, and antioxidative activities. Studies have shown that ADSCs can facilitate the replacement of dying cells, promote tissue remodeling and regeneration, and support the survival and growth of retinal cells. Recent studies in this field have provided numerous experiments using different preclinical models. The aim of our review is to provide an overview of the therapeutic strategies, modern-day clinical trials, experimental models, and potential clinical use of this fascinating class of cells in addressing retinal disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Finocchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (L.F.)
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (L.F.)
| | - Andrea Gabai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (L.F.)
| | - Leopoldo Spadea
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (L.F.)
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4
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Musa M, Zeppieri M, Enaholo ES, Salati C, Parodi PC. Adipose Stem Cells in Modern-Day Ophthalmology. Clin Pract 2023; 13:230-245. [PMID: 36826163 PMCID: PMC9955457 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract13010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) have evolved as an interesting and viable factor in ophthalmologic patient care in the past decades. SCs have been classified as either embryonic, mesenchymal, tissue-specific, or induced pluripotent cells. Multiple novel management techniques and clinical trials have been established to date. While available publications are predominantly animal-model-based, significant material is derived from human studies and case-selected scenarios. This possibility of explanting cells from viable tissue to regenerate/repair damaged tissue points to an exciting future of therapeutic options in all fields of medicine, and ophthalmology is surely not left out. Adipose tissue obtained from lipo-aspirates has been shown to produce mesenchymal SCs that are potentially useful in different body parts, including the oculo-visual system. An overview of the anatomy, physiology, and extraction process for adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (ADSC) is important for better understanding the potential therapeutic benefits. This review examines published data on ADSCs in immune-modulatory, therapeutic, and regenerative treatments. We also look at the future of ADSC applications for ophthalmic patient care. The adverse effects of this relatively novel therapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutali Musa
- Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City 300238, Nigeria
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Pier Camillo Parodi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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5
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Miotti G, Parodi PC, Ferrari A, Salati C, Zeppieri M. Stem Cells in Ophthalmology: From the Bench to the Bedside. HANDBOOK OF STEM CELL APPLICATIONS 2023:1-24. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-0846-2_10-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
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6
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Miotti G, Parodi PC, Ferrari A, Salati C, Zeppieri M. Stem Cells in Ophthalmology: From the Bench to the Bedside. HANDBOOK OF STEM CELL APPLICATIONS 2023:1-24. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0846-2_10-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
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7
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Alcalde I, Sánchez-Fernández C, Del Olmo-Aguado S, Martín C, Olmiere C, Artime E, Quirós LM, Merayo-Lloves J. Synthetic Heparan Sulfate Mimetic Polymer Enhances Corneal Nerve Regeneration and Wound Healing after Experimental Laser Ablation Injury in Mice. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224921. [PMID: 36433048 PMCID: PMC9694493 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Abnormal corneal wound healing compromises visual acuity and can lead to neuropathic pain. Conventional treatments usually fail to restore the injured corneal tissue. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a synthetic heparan sulfate mimetic polymer (HSmP) in a mouse model of corneal wound healing. (2) Methods: A surgical laser ablation affecting the central cornea and subbasal nerve plexus of mice was used as a model of the wound-healing assay. Topical treatment with HSmP was contrasted to its vehicle and a negative control (BSS). Corneal repair was studied using immunofluorescence to cell proliferation (Ki67), apoptosis (TUNEL assay), myofibroblast transformation (αSMA), assembly of epithelial cells (E-cadherin) and nerve regeneration (β-tubulin III). (3) Results: At the end of the treatment, normal epithelial cytoarchitecture and corneal thickness were achieved in HSmP-treated animals. HSmP treatment reduced myofibroblast occurrence compared to eyes irrigated with vehicle (p < 0.01) or BSS (p < 0.001). The HSmP group showed 50% more intraepithelial nerves than the BSS or vehicle groups. Only HSmP-treated corneas improved the visual quality to near transparent. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that HSmP facilitates the regeneration of the corneal epithelium and innervation, as well as restoring transparency and reducing myofibroblast scarring after laser experimental injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Alcalde
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Fernández
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Del Olmo-Aguado
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carla Martín
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Céline Olmiere
- Laboratoires Thea S.A.S., 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Enol Artime
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis M. Quirós
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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8
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Corneal Regeneration Using Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162549. [PMID: 36010626 PMCID: PMC9406486 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells are a subtype of mesenchymal stem cell that offers the important advantage of being easily obtained (in an autologous manner) from low invasive procedures, rendering a high number of multipotent stem cells with the potential to differentiate into several cellular lineages, to show immunomodulatory properties, and to promote tissue regeneration by a paracrine action through the secretion of extracellular vesicles containing trophic factors. This secretome is currently being investigated as a potential source for a cell-free based regenerative therapy for human tissues, which would significantly reduce the involved costs, risks and law regulations, allowing for a broader application in real clinical practice. In the current article, we will review the existing preclinical and human clinical evidence regarding the use of such adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the regeneration of the three main layers of the human cornea: the epithelium (derived from the surface ectoderm), the stroma (derived from the neural crest mesenchyme), and the endothelium (derived from the neural crest cells).
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9
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Sikora B, Skubis-Sikora A, Prusek A, Gola J. Paracrine activity of adipose derived stem cells on limbal epithelial stem cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19956. [PMID: 34620960 PMCID: PMC8497478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbal stem cells deficiency (LSCD) is an eye disease caused by the loss of stem cells in the corneal limbus as a succession of an injury due physical, biological, or chemical agents. Current therapies of LSCD are focused on the transplantation of donor corneas or tissue equivalents produced from autologous limbal stem cells. Every year there are waiting millions of patients for the cornea transplantation all over the world and the list is growing due to the relatively low number of cornea donors. On the other hand, the transplantation of tissue or cells into the recipient’s body is associated with the higher risk of possible side effects. The possibility of the application of an indirect treatment using the properties of the paracrine activity of stem cells, would be beneficial for the patients with transplant failures. This study was to evaluate the paracrine effect of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ADSC) on the viability of limbal epithelial stem cells (LESC). The paracrine effect was assessed by treating LESC with conditioned medium collected from ADSC culture. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and proliferation were evaluated using in vitro assays in standard conditions and induced inflammation. After the exposure to the examined conditions, the expression of genes related to pro- and anti- inflammatory factors was evaluated and compared to the secretion of selected cytokines by ELISA test. Moreover, the changes in LESC phenotype were assessed using of phenotype microarrays. Our findings suggest that paracrine activity of ADSC on LESC promotes its proliferation and has a potential role in mitigation of the adverse impact of inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Sikora
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Medyków 18, C2/103, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Skubis-Sikora
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Medyków 18, C2/103, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Prusek
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Medyków 18, C2/103, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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10
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Goals and Challenges of Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Corneal Blindness Due to Limbal Deficiency. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091483. [PMID: 34575560 PMCID: PMC8466237 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal failure is a highly prevalent cause of blindness. One special cause of corneal failure occurs due to malfunction or destruction of the limbal stem cell niche, upon which the superficial cornea depends for homeostatic maintenance and wound healing. Failure of the limbal niche is referred to as limbal stem cell deficiency. As the corneal epithelial stem cell niche is easily accessible, limbal stem cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine applied to the ocular surface are among the most highly advanced forms of this novel approach to disease therapy. However, the challenges are still great, including the development of cell-based products and understanding how they work in the patient's eye. Advances are being made at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels to alter disease processes and to reduce or eliminate blindness. Efforts must be coordinated from the most basic research to the most clinically oriented projects so that cell-based therapies can become an integrated part of the therapeutic armamentarium to fight corneal blindness. We undoubtedly are progressing along the right path because cell-based therapy for eye diseases is one of the most successful examples of global regenerative medicine.
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11
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Miotti G, Parodi PC, Zeppieri M. Stem cell therapy in ocular pathologies in the past 20 years. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:366-385. [PMID: 34136071 PMCID: PMC8176844 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i5.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies are successfully used in various fields of medicine. This new approach of research is also expanding in ophthalmology. Huge investments, resources and important clinical trials have been performed in stem cell research and in potential therapies. In recent years, great strides have been made in genetic research, which permitted and enhanced the differentiation of stem cells. Moreover, the possibility of exploiting stem cells from other districts (such as adipose, dental pulp, bone marrow stem cells, etc.) for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases, renders this topic fascinating. Furthermore, great strides have been made in biomedical engineering, which have proposed new materials and three-dimensional structures useful for cell therapy of the eye. The encouraging results obtained on clinical trials conducted on animals have given a significant boost in the creation of study protocols also in humans. Results are limited to date, but clinical trials continue to evolve. Our attention is centered on the literature reported over the past 20 years, considering animal (the most represented in literature) and human clinical trials, which are limiting. The aim of our review is to present a brief overview of the main types of treatments based on stem cells in the field of ophthalmic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Miotti
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Pier Camillo Parodi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
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12
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Galindo S, de la Mata A, López-Paniagua M, Herreras JM, Pérez I, Calonge M, Nieto-Miguel T. Subconjunctival injection of mesenchymal stem cells for corneal failure due to limbal stem cell deficiency: state of the art. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:60. [PMID: 33441175 PMCID: PMC7805216 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have unique and beneficial properties and are currently used to treat a broad variety of diseases. These properties include the potential for differentiation into other cell types, secretion of different trophic factors that promote a regenerative microenvironment, anti-inflammatory actions, selective migration to damaged tissues, and non-immunogenicity. MSCs are effective for the treatment of ocular surface diseases such as dry eye, corneal burns, and limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), both in experimental models and in humans. LSCD is a pathological condition in which damage occurs to the limbal epithelial stem cells, or their niche, that are responsible for the continuous regeneration of the corneal epithelium. If LSCD is extensive and/or severe, it usually causes corneal epithelial defects, ulceration, and conjunctival overgrowth of the cornea. These changes can result in neovascularization and corneal opacity, severe inflammation, pain, and visual loss. The effectiveness of MSCs to reduce corneal opacity, neovascularization, and inflammation has been widely studied in different experimental models of LSCD and in some clinical trials; however, the methodological disparity used in the different studies makes it hard to compare outcomes among them. In this regard, the MSC route of administration used to treat LSCD and other ocular surface diseases is an important factor. It should be efficient, minimally invasive, and safe. So far, intravenous and intraperitoneal injections, topical administration, and MSC transplantation using carrier substrata like amniotic membrane (AM), fibrin, or synthetic biopolymers have been the most commonly used administration routes in experimental models. However, systemic administration carries the risk of potential side effects and transplantation requires surgical procedures that could complicate the process. Alternatively, subconjunctival injection is a minimally invasive and straightforward technique frequently used in ophthalmology. It enables performance of local treatments using high cell doses. In this review, we provide an overview of the current status of MSC administration by subconjunctival injection, analyzing the convenience, safety, and efficacy for treatment of corneal failure due to LSCD in different experimental models. We also provide a summary of the clinical trials that have been completed, are in progress, or being planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Galindo
- Instituto de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Edificio IOBA, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana de la Mata
- Instituto de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Edificio IOBA, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011, Valladolid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Marina López-Paniagua
- Instituto de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Edificio IOBA, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jose M Herreras
- Instituto de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Edificio IOBA, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Pérez
- Instituto de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Edificio IOBA, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Margarita Calonge
- Instituto de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Edificio IOBA, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Teresa Nieto-Miguel
- Instituto de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Edificio IOBA, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011, Valladolid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain.
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13
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Caponnetto F, Manini I, Bulfoni M, Zingaretti N, Miotti G, Di Loreto C, Cesselli D, Mariuzzi L, Parodi PC. Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Madelung's Disease: Morphological and Functional Characterization. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010044. [PMID: 33396896 PMCID: PMC7824042 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Madelung Disease (MD) is a syndrome characterized by the accumulation of aberrant symmetric adipose tissue deposits. The etiology of this disease is yet to be elucidated, even though the presence of comorbidities, either genetic or environmental, has been reported. For this reason, establishing an in vitro model for MD is considered crucial to get insights into its physiopathology. We previously established a protocol for isolation and culture of stem cells from diseased tissues. Therefore, we isolated human adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) from MD patients and compared these cells with those isolated from healthy subjects in terms of surface phenotype, growth kinetic, adipogenic differentiation potential, and molecular alterations. Moreover, we evaluated the ability of the MD-ASC secretome to affect healthy ASC. The results reported a difference in the growth kinetic and surface markers of MD-ASC compared to healthy ASC but not in adipogenic differentiation. The most commonly described mitochondrial mutations were not observed. Still, MD-ASC secretome was able to shift the healthy ASC phenotype to an MD phenotype. This work provides evidence of the possibility of exploiting a patient-based in vitro model for better understanding MD pathophysiology, possibly favoring the development of novel target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Caponnetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.B.); (C.D.L.); (D.C.); (L.M.); (P.C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-04-3255-9412
| | - Ivana Manini
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Michela Bulfoni
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.B.); (C.D.L.); (D.C.); (L.M.); (P.C.P.)
| | - Nicola Zingaretti
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Academic Hospital of Udine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (N.Z.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Miotti
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Academic Hospital of Udine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (N.Z.); (G.M.)
| | - Carla Di Loreto
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.B.); (C.D.L.); (D.C.); (L.M.); (P.C.P.)
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.B.); (C.D.L.); (D.C.); (L.M.); (P.C.P.)
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Laura Mariuzzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.B.); (C.D.L.); (D.C.); (L.M.); (P.C.P.)
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Pier Camillo Parodi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.B.); (C.D.L.); (D.C.); (L.M.); (P.C.P.)
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Academic Hospital of Udine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (N.Z.); (G.M.)
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Xeno-free approach for the expansion of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells for ocular therapies. Exp Eye Res 2020; 202:108358. [PMID: 33207223 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To restore corneal transparency and vision loss after an injury on the ocular surface, the use of human stem cells from different origins has been recently proposed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seem to be an appropriate adult source of autologous stem cells due to their accessibility, high proliferation rate, and multipotent capacity. In this work, we developed a simple culture system to prepare a graft based on a fibrin membrane seeded with human MSCs. A commercial kit, PRGF Endoret®, was used to prepare both, the growth factors used as culture media supplement and the fibrin membrane grafts. Adipose-derived MSCs (Ad-MSCs) were expanded, characterised by flow cytometry and their multilineage differentiation potential confirmed by inducing adipogenesis, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Ad-MSCs seeded on the fibrin membranes were grafted onto athymic mice showing good biocompatibility with no adverse reactions observed during the follow up period. These findings support the assumption that a system in which all the biological components (cells, grow factors and carrier) are autologous, could potentially be used for future ex vivo expansion of Ad-MSCs to treat ocular conditions such as an inflammatory milieu, traumatic scars and loss of the regenerative capacity of the corneal epithelium that compromise the quality of vision.
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Theerakittayakorn K, Thi Nguyen H, Musika J, Kunkanjanawan H, Imsoonthornruksa S, Somredngan S, Ketudat-Cairns M, Parnpai R. Differentiation Induction of Human Stem Cells for Corneal Epithelial Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7834. [PMID: 33105778 PMCID: PMC7660084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of corneal epithelium causes vision impairment or blindness in severe cases. Transplantation of corneal epithelial cells is an effective treatment but the availability of the tissue source for those cells is inadequate. Stem cells can be induced to differentiate to corneal epithelial cells and used in the treatment. Multipotent stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells) and pluripotent stem cells (embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells) are promising cells to address the problem. Various protocols have been developed to induce differentiation of the stem cells into corneal epithelial cells. The feasibility and efficacy of both human stem cells and animal stem cells have been investigated for corneal epithelium regeneration. However, some physiological aspects of animal stem cells are different from those of human stem cells, the protocols suited for animal stem cells might not be suitable for human stem cells. Therefore, in this review, only the investigations of corneal epithelial differentiation of human stem cells are taken into account. The available protocols for inducing the differentiation of human stem cells into corneal epithelial cells are gathered and compared. Also, the pathways involving in the differentiation are provided to elucidate the relevant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasem Theerakittayakorn
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.T.); (H.T.N.); (J.M.); (S.I.); (S.S.); (M.K.-C.)
| | - Hong Thi Nguyen
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.T.); (H.T.N.); (J.M.); (S.I.); (S.S.); (M.K.-C.)
| | - Jidapa Musika
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.T.); (H.T.N.); (J.M.); (S.I.); (S.S.); (M.K.-C.)
| | - Hataiwan Kunkanjanawan
- Medeze Research and Development Co., Ltd. 28/9 Moo 8, Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Rd., Krathum Lom, Sam Phran, Nakhon Pathom 73220, Thailand;
| | - Sumeth Imsoonthornruksa
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.T.); (H.T.N.); (J.M.); (S.I.); (S.S.); (M.K.-C.)
| | - Sirilak Somredngan
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.T.); (H.T.N.); (J.M.); (S.I.); (S.S.); (M.K.-C.)
| | - Mariena Ketudat-Cairns
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.T.); (H.T.N.); (J.M.); (S.I.); (S.S.); (M.K.-C.)
| | - Rangsun Parnpai
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.T.); (H.T.N.); (J.M.); (S.I.); (S.S.); (M.K.-C.)
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16
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Recent developments in regenerative ophthalmology. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1450-1490. [PMID: 32621058 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine (RM) is one of the most promising disciplines for advancements in modern medicine, and regenerative ophthalmology (RO) is one of the most active fields of regenerative medicine. This review aims to provide an overview of regenerative ophthalmology, including the range of tools and materials being used, and to describe its application in ophthalmologic subspecialties, with the exception of surgical implantation of artificial tissues or organs (e.g., contact lens, artificial cornea, intraocular lens, artificial retina, and bionic eyes) due to space limitations. In addition, current challenges and limitations of regenerative ophthalmology are discussed and future directions are highlighted.
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Shen T, Zheng Q, Luo H, Li X, Chen Z, Song Z, Zhou G, Hong C. Exosomal miR-19a from adipose-derived stem cells suppresses differentiation of corneal keratocytes into myofibroblasts. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4093-4110. [PMID: 32112551 PMCID: PMC7093196 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the differentiation of rabbit corneal keratocytes. Keratocytes grown in 10% FBS differentiated into myofibroblasts by increasing HIPK2 kinase levels and activity. HIPK2 enhanced p53 and Smad3 pathways in FBS-induced keratocytes. Keratocytes grown in 10% FBS also showed increased levels of pro-fibrotic proteins, including collagen III, MMP9, fibronectin, and α-SMA. These effects were reversed by knocking down HIPK2. Moreover, ADSCs and exosomes derived from ADSCs (ADSCs-Exo) suppressed FBS-induced differentiation of keratocytes into myofibroblasts by inhibiting HIPK2. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that ADSCs-Exos were significantly enriched in miRNA-19a as compared to ADSCs. Targetscan and dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed that the HIPK2 3'UTR is a direct binding target of miR-19a. Keratocytes treated with 10% FBS and ADSCs-Exo-miR-19a-agomir or ADSCs-Exo-NC-antagomir showed significantly lower levels of HIPK2, phospho-Smad3, phospho-p53, collagen III, MMP9, fibronectin and α-SMA than those treated with 10% FBS plus ADSCs-Exo-NC-agomir or ADSCs-Exo-miR-19a-antagomir. Thus, exosomal miR-19a derived from the ADSCs suppresses FBS-induced differentiation of rabbit corneal keratocytes into myofibroblasts by inhibiting HIPK2 expression. This suggests their potential use in the treatment of corneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital and People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital and People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital and People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Wenzhou School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Song
- Wenzhou School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Guanfang Zhou
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyang Hong
- Wenzhou School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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18
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Ziaei M, Greene C, Green CR. Wound healing in the eye: Therapeutic prospects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 126:162-176. [PMID: 29355667 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to maintain a smooth optical surface the corneal epithelium has to continuously renew itself so as to maintain its function as a barrier to fluctuating external surroundings and various environmental insults. After trauma, the cornea typically re-epithelializes promptly thereby minimizing the risk of infection, opacification or perforation. A persistent epithelial defect (PED) is usually referred to as a non-healing epithelial lesion after approximately two weeks of treatment with standard therapies to no avail. They occur following exposure to toxic agents, mechanical injury, and ocular surface infections and are associated with significant clinical morbidity in patients, resulting in discomfort or visual loss. In the case of deeper corneal injury and corneal pathology the wound healing cascade can also extend to the corneal stroma, the layer below the epithelium. Although significant progress has been made in recent years, pharmaco-therapeutic agents that promote corneal healing remain limited. This article serves as a review of current standard therapies, recently introduced alternative therapies gaining in popularity, and a look into the newest developments into ocular wound healing.
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19
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Zeppieri M, Salvetat ML, Beltrami A, Cesselli D, Russo R, Alcalde I, Merayo-Lloves J, Brusini P, Parodi PC. Adipose Derived Stem Cells for Corneal Wound Healing after Laser Induced Corneal Lesions in Mice. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6120115. [PMID: 29206194 PMCID: PMC5742804 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6120115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess the clinical effectiveness of topical adipose derived stem cell (ADSC) treatment in laser induced corneal wounds in mice by comparing epithelial repair, inflammation, and histological analysis between treatment arms. Corneal lesions were performed on both eyes of 40 mice by laser induced photorefractive keratectomy. All eyes were treated with topical azythromycin bid for three days. Mice were divided in three treatment groups (n = 20), which included: control, stem cells and basic serum; which received topical treatment three times daily for five consecutive days. Biomicroscope assessments and digital imaging were performed by two masked graders at 30, 54, 78, 100, and 172 h to analyze extent of fluorescein positive epithelial defect, corneal inflammation, etc. Immunohistochemical techniques were used in fixed eyes to assess corneal repair markers Ki67, α Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA) and E-Cadherin. The fluorescein positive corneal lesion areas were significantly smaller in the stem cells group on days 1 (p < 0.05), 2 (p < 0.02) and 3. The stem cell treated group had slightly better and faster re-epithelization than the serum treated group in the initial phases. Comparative histological data showed signs of earlier and better corneal repair in epithelium and stromal layers in stem cell treated eyes, which showed more epithelial layers and enhanced wound healing performance of Ki67, E-Cadherin, and α-SMA. Our study shows the potential clinical and histological advantages in the topical ADSC treatment for corneal lesions in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine 33100, Italy.
| | - Maria Letizia Salvetat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine 33100, Italy.
| | - Antonio Beltrami
- Department of Pathology, University of Udine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine 33100, Italy.
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- Department of Pathology, University of Udine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine 33100, Italy.
| | - Rossella Russo
- Department of Pharmacobiology, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy.
| | - Ignacio Alcalde
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Paolo Brusini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine 33100, Italy.
| | - Pier Camillo Parodi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Udine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine 33100, Italy.
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20
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Reimondez-Troitiño S, Alcalde I, Csaba N, Íñigo-Portugués A, de la Fuente M, Bech F, Riestra AC, Merayo-Lloves J, Alonso MJ. Polymeric nanocapsules: a potential new therapy for corneal wound healing. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 6:708-721. [PMID: 27392604 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Corneal injuries are one of the most frequently observed ocular diseases, leading to permanent damage and impaired vision if they are not treated properly. In this sense, adequate wound healing after injury is critical for keeping the integrity and structure of the cornea. The goal of this work was to assess the potential of polymeric nanocapsules, either unloaded or loaded with cyclosporine A or vitamin A, alone or in combination with mitomycin C, for the treatment of corneal injuries induced by photorefractive keratectomy surgery. The biopolymers selected for the formation of the nanocapsules were polyarginine and protamine, which are known for their penetration enhancement effect. The results showed that, following topical instillation to a mouse model of corneal injury, all the nanocapsule formulations, either unloaded or loaded with cyclosporine A or vitamin A, were able to stimulate corneal wound healing. In addition, the healing rate observed for the combination of unloaded protamine nanocapsules with mitomycin C was comparable to the one observed for the positive control Cacicol®, a biopolymer known as a corneal wound healing enhancer. Regarding the corneal opacity, the initial grade of corneal haze (>3) induced by the photorefractive keratectomy was more rapidly reduced in the case of the positive control, Cacicol®, than in corneas treated with the nanocapsules. In conclusion, this work shows that drug-free arginine-rich (polyarginine, protamine) nanocapsules exhibit a positive behavior with regard to their potential use for corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Reimondez-Troitiño
- Nanobiofar Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alcalde
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Nanobiofar Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Almudena Íñigo-Portugués
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María de la Fuente
- Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Federico Bech
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana C Riestra
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - María J Alonso
- Nanobiofar Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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21
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Galindo S, Herreras JM, López-Paniagua M, Rey E, de la Mata A, Plata-Cordero M, Calonge M, Nieto-Miguel T. Therapeutic Effect of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Experimental Corneal Failure Due to Limbal Stem Cell Niche Damage. Stem Cells 2017; 35:2160-2174. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Galindo
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
- CIBER-BBN (Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine), Carlos III National Institute of Health; Spain
| | - José M. Herreras
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
- CIBER-BBN (Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine), Carlos III National Institute of Health; Spain
| | - Marina López-Paniagua
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
- CIBER-BBN (Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine), Carlos III National Institute of Health; Spain
| | - Esther Rey
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
- CIBER-BBN (Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine), Carlos III National Institute of Health; Spain
| | - Ana de la Mata
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
- CIBER-BBN (Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine), Carlos III National Institute of Health; Spain
| | - María Plata-Cordero
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
- CIBER-BBN (Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine), Carlos III National Institute of Health; Spain
| | - Margarita Calonge
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
- CIBER-BBN (Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine), Carlos III National Institute of Health; Spain
| | - Teresa Nieto-Miguel
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
- CIBER-BBN (Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine), Carlos III National Institute of Health; Spain
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Wound-Healing Studies in Cornea and Skin: Parallels, Differences and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061257. [PMID: 28604651 PMCID: PMC5486079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cornea and the skin are both organs that provide the outer barrier of the body. Both tissues have developed intrinsic mechanisms that protect the organism from a wide range of external threats, but at the same time also enable rapid restoration of tissue integrity and organ-specific function. The easy accessibility makes the skin an attractive model system to study tissue damage and repair. Findings from skin research have contributed to unravelling novel fundamental principles in regenerative biology and the repair of other epithelial-mesenchymal tissues, such as the cornea. Following barrier disruption, the influx of inflammatory cells, myofibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix synthesis and scar formation present parallel repair mechanisms in cornea and skin wound healing. Yet, capillary sprouting, while pivotal in proper skin wound healing, is a process that is rather associated with pathological repair of the cornea. Understanding the parallels and differences of the cellular and molecular networks that coordinate the wound healing response in skin and cornea are likely of mutual importance for both organs with regard to the development of regenerative therapies and understanding of the disease pathologies that affect epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Here, we review the principal events in corneal wound healing and the mechanisms to restore corneal transparency and barrier function. We also refer to skin repair mechanisms and their potential implications for regenerative processes in the cornea.
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23
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Evidence-Based Update on Ocular Chemical Injuries. CURRENT OPHTHALMOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40135-017-0120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Xu WW, Huang L, Chong KKL, Leung DSY, Li BFL, Yin ZQ, Huang YF, Pang CP. Differentiation potential of human adipose tissue derived stem cells into photoreceptors through explants culture and enzyme methods. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:23-29. [PMID: 28149772 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the retinal photoreceptor differentiation potential of human orbital adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) generated by enzyme (EN) and explant (EX) culture methods. METHODS We investigated potentials of human orbital ADSCs to differentiate into photoreceptors through EN and EX culture methods. EN and EX orbital ADSCs were obtained from the same donor during rehabilitative orbital decompression, and then were subject to a 3-step induction using Noggin, DKK-1, IGF-1 and b-FGF at different time points for 38d. Stem cell, eye-field and photoreceptor-related gene and protein markers were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescent (IMF) staining. RESULTS Both EX and EN orbital ADSCs expressed CD133, a marker of cell differentiation. Moreover, PAX6 and rhodopsin, markers of the retinal progenitor cells, were detected from EX and EN orbital ADSCs. In EX orbital ADSCs, PAX6 mRNA was detected on the 17th day and then the rhodopsin mRNA was detected on the 24th day. In contrast, the EN orbital ADSCs expressed PAX6 and rhodopsin mRNA on the 31st day. EX orbital ADSCs expressed rhodopsin protein on the 24th day, while EN orbital ADSCs expressed rhodopsin protein on the 31st day. CONCLUSION Orbital ADSCs isolated by direct explants culture show earlier and stronger expressions of markers towards eye field and retinal photoreceptor differentiation than those generated by conventional EN method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Kelvin K L Chong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Doreen S Y Leung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Benjamin F L Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zheng-Qin Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yi-Fei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Ghazaryan E, Zhang Y, He Y, Liu X, Li Y, Xie J, Su G. Mesenchymal stem cells in corneal neovascularization: Comparison of different application routes. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3104-12. [PMID: 27514011 PMCID: PMC5042785 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells in corneal neovascularization and wound healing, and to compare the effectiveness of two possible application routes, subconjunctival injection and amniotic membrane transplantation. Chemical injury was induced by application of sodium hydroxide to the rats' corneas. After 7 days, the animals were divided into three groups. Different treatment methods were used for each group as follows: i) Group 1, injection of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) under the conjunctiva; ii) group 2, transplantation of amniotic membranes, previously seeded with BMSCs; and iii) group 3, the untreated control group. The eyes were examined using a slit lamp on a weekly basis. After 4 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and corneas were removed for further examination. Corneal flat mounts were made following ink perfusion for improved vessel visualization, image capturing and quantitative evaluation. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for detection of VEGF-A, MMP-9, Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 gene expression levels. Cryosections were used for histological examination and immunostaining. Statistical analysis (Welch's one-way analysis of variance) demonstrated a significant difference between the groups [P≤0.05, confidence interval (CI) 95%]. The level of injury in group 1 was significantly different from groups 2 and 3. Measurement of the vessel area and VEGF gene expression levels had a similar difference among the groups (P≤0.05, CI 95%), however the differences for TLR2 and TLR4 were not statistically significant. BMSCs were previously transduced with the green fluorescent protein gene by lentivirus to track the movement of the cells following transplantation. The transplanted cells enhanced corneal wound healing by trophic factor production and immune-regulatory effect, rather than by direct transdifferentiation into corneal cells. The results of the current study demonstrated that BMSCs enhance corneal wound healing and decrease the area of neovascularization. Furthermore, the comparison of two application routes indicated that single subconjunctival injection appeared more effective than transplantation with amniotic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ghazaryan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Teaching Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Teaching Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Teaching Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Teaching Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Teaching Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jianan Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Teaching Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Guanfang Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Teaching Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Harkin DG, Foyn L, Bray LJ, Sutherland AJ, Li FJ, Cronin BG. Concise reviews: can mesenchymal stromal cells differentiate into corneal cells? A systematic review of published data. Stem Cells 2015; 33:785-91. [PMID: 25400018 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The majority of stem cell therapies for corneal repair are based upon the use of progenitor cells isolated from corneal tissue, but a growing body of literature suggests a role for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) isolated from noncorneal tissues. While the mechanism of MSC action seems likely to involve their immuno-modulatory properties, claims have emerged of MSC transdifferentiation into corneal cells. Substantial differences in methodology and experimental outcomes, however, have prompted us to perform a systematic review of the published data. Key questions used in our analysis included: the choice of markers used to assess corneal cell phenotype, the techniques used to detect these markers, adequate reporting of controls, and tracking of MSC when studied in vivo. Our search of the literature revealed 28 papers published since 2006, with half appearing since 2012. MSC cultures established from bone marrow and adipose tissue have been best studied (22 papers). Critically, only 11 studies used appropriate markers of corneal cell phenotype, along with necessary controls. Ten out of these eleven papers, however, contained positive evidence of corneal cell marker expression by MSC. The clearest evidence is observed with respect to expression of markers for corneal stromal cells by MSC. In comparison, the evidence for MSC conversion into either corneal epithelial cells or corneal endothelial cells is often inconsistent or inconclusive. Our analysis clarifies this emerging body of literature and provides guidance for future studies of MSC differentiation within the cornea as well as other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien G Harkin
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
Corneal wound healing is a complex process involving cell death, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Many similarities are observed in the healing processes of corneal epithelial, stromal and endothelial cells, as well as cell-specific differences. Corneal epithelial healing largely depends on limbal stem cells and remodeling of the basement membrane. During stromal healing, keratocytes get transformed to motile and contractile myofibroblasts largely due to activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) system. Endothelial cells heal mostly by migration and spreading, with cell proliferation playing a secondary role. In the last decade, many aspects of wound healing process in different parts of the cornea have been elucidated, and some new therapeutic approaches have emerged. The concept of limbal stem cells received rigorous experimental corroboration, with new markers uncovered and new treatment options including gene and microRNA therapy tested in experimental systems. Transplantation of limbal stem cell-enriched cultures for efficient re-epithelialization in stem cell deficiency and corneal injuries has become reality in clinical setting. Mediators and course of events during stromal healing have been detailed, and new treatment regimens including gene (decorin) and stem cell therapy for excessive healing have been designed. This is a very important advance given the popularity of various refractive surgeries entailing stromal wound healing. Successful surgical ways of replacing the diseased endothelium have been clinically tested, and new approaches to accelerate endothelial healing and suppress endothelial-mesenchymal transformation have been proposed including Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor eye drops and gene therapy to activate TGF-β inhibitor SMAD7. Promising new technologies with potential for corneal wound healing manipulation including microRNA, induced pluripotent stem cells to generate corneal epithelium, and nanocarriers for corneal drug delivery are discussed. Attention is also paid to problems in wound healing understanding and treatment, such as lack of specific epithelial stem cell markers, reliable identification of stem cells, efficient prevention of haze and stromal scar formation, lack of data on wound regulating microRNAs in keratocytes and endothelial cells, as well as virtual lack of targeted systems for drug and gene delivery to select corneal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Ljubimov
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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The Use of Stem Cells in Burn Wound Healing: A Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:684084. [PMID: 26236731 PMCID: PMC4508388 DOI: 10.1155/2015/684084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Burn wound healing involves a series of complex processes which are subject to intensive investigations to improve the outcomes, in particular, the healing time and the quality of the scar. Burn injuries, especially severe ones, are proving to have devastating effects on the affected patients. Stem cells have been recently applied in the field to promote superior healing of the wounds. Not only have stem cells been shown to promote better and faster healing of the burn wounds, but also they have decreased the inflammation levels with less scar progression and fibrosis. This review aims to highlight the beneficial therapeutic effect of stem cells in burn wound healing and to discuss the involved pathways and signaling molecules. The review covers various types of burn wound healing like skin and corneal burns, along with the alternative recent therapies being studied in the field of burn wound healing. The current reflection of the attitudes of people regarding the use of stem cells in burn wound healing is also stated.
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Application of adipose-derived stem cells on scleral contact lens carrier in an animal model of severe acute alkaline burn. Eye Contact Lens 2015; 40:243-7. [PMID: 24901976 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the therapeutic effect of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) overlaid on a scleral contact lens (SCL) carrier in a rabbit model of ocular alkaline burn. MATERIALS AND METHODS After inducing alkaline burn in 11 New Zealand white rabbits, hASCs cultured on SCLs were placed on the right eye of 5 rabbits, SCLs without cells were used in 5, and no treatment was applied in 1 eye. Each eye was examined and photographed for corneal vascularization, opacities, and epithelial defect in week 1, 2, and 4 after surgery. After 1 month, rabbits were killed and the corneas were removed and cut in half for electron and light microscopy examination. RESULTS Human adipose-derived stem cells were attached to SCL surface and confluent easily. Human adipose-derived stem cells on SCL eyes showed smaller epithelial defect, less corneal opacity, corneal neovascularization relative to SCL eyes. Both groups showed no symblepharon. However, the cornea in the untreated eye was melted in 2 weeks and developed severe symblepharon. CONCLUSION Human adipose-derived stem cells on SCL can reduce inflammation and corneal haziness in severe ocular alkaline burn injury in rabbits.
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Alcalde I, Íñigo-Portugués A, Carreño N, Riestra AC, Merayo-Lloves JM. Effects of new biomimetic regenerating agents on corneal wound healing in an experimental model of post-surgical corneal ulcers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 90:467-74. [PMID: 26101128 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the topical application of cacicol regenerating agent (RGTA) in an experimental model of corneal ulcer after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in mice. METHODS Mice were subjected to PRK surgery with a 2.0mm ablation zone on the central cornea and 45mm of depth on a VISX Star S2 excimer laser. Corneas were treated topically with cacicol drops 1hour and 48hours after injury. Control groups received balanced salt solution (BSS) in the same dosage. Clinical and histopathological events were evaluated at 1, 2, 3 and 7 days after surgery. Sections obtained through the central region of the corneas were used to analyze the histopathological events of injured and healed corneas. αSMA (myofibroblast transformation), E cadherin (assembly of epithelial cells) and neuronal class III β-tubulin (innervation) were performed. RESULTS Corneas treated topically with cacicol for 7 days showed a greater degree of transparency compared to controls. cacicol treated corneas showed improved epithelial cytoarchitecture. Analysis of αSMA profiles in the stroma showed that cacicol reduced or delayed the presence of myofibroblasts in the stroma compared to BSS (P<0.001). Finally, a putative neuroregenerative effect of cacicol was found in corneas subjected to an experimental PRK lesion. In some cases some interindividual variability could be observed due to the design of the experimental model. This is a limitation to consider, despite the statistical significance of the data. CONCLUSIONS In a model of laser induced surgical lesions in the cornea, topical application of an RGTA (i.e. cacicol) could be involved in avoiding myofibroblast scarring formation and promoting nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Alcalde
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Oviedo, España; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España.
| | - A Íñigo-Portugués
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Oviedo, España; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España
| | - N Carreño
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, España
| | - A C Riestra
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, España
| | - J M Merayo-Lloves
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Oviedo, España; Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, España; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España
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Acar U, Pinarli FA, Acar DE, Beyazyildiz E, Sobaci G, Ozgermen BB, Sonmez AA, Delibasi T. Effect of allogeneic limbal mesenchymal stem cell therapy in corneal healing: role of administration route. Ophthalmic Res 2015; 53:82-9. [PMID: 25613310 DOI: 10.1159/000368659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether allogeneic limbal mesenchymal stem cell (LMSC) therapy affects corneal healing after a severe chemical burn and whether the route of administration of LMSCs differs in its therapeutic effect in this respect. METHODS A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats with clinically proven alkali injury were divided into four equal groups (n = 15) as follows: group 1: 2 × 10(5) cells/drop LMSCs, topically applied 6 times a day for 2 days; group 2: 2.4 × 10(6) cells in 0.5 ml LMSCs, subconjunctivally applied; group 3: 2.4 × 10(6) cells in 1 ml LMSCs, intraperitoneally applied, and group 4: no LMSC treatment. The groups were compared according to grades of corneal opacity (CO), corneal neovascularization (CNV) and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS). The migration of LMSCs into the cornea and the inflammatory characteristics of the groups were evaluated with BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine bromodeoxyuridine) immunostaining and histopathologically in a 4-week follow-up. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences between the LMSC-treated and control groups in each week regarding mean CO scores and in the 3rd week regarding the mean CNV and CFS scores (p < 0.05). The statistical significance was due to the differences between the topical and the control group and between the subconjunctival and the control group. BrdU+ LMSCs were seen in the corneal epithelium of the all LMSC-administered rats, and fewer inflammatory changes were observed in these rats. CONCLUSION Allogeneic LMSC treatment, especially topical and subconjunctival administration, seems to be helpful in affecting corneal healing after a severe corneal burn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Acar
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Domenis R, Lazzaro L, Calabrese S, Mangoni D, Gallelli A, Bourkoula E, Manini I, Bergamin N, Toffoletto B, Beltrami CA, Beltrami AP, Cesselli D, Parodi PC. Adipose tissue derived stem cells: in vitro and in vivo analysis of a standard and three commercially available cell-assisted lipotransfer techniques. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:2. [PMID: 25559708 PMCID: PMC4417272 DOI: 10.1186/scrt536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autologous fat grafting is commonly used to correct soft-tissue contour deformities. However, results are impaired by a variable and unpredictable resorption rate. Autologous adipose-derived stromal cells in combination with lipoinjection (cell-assisted lipotransfer) seem to favor a long-term persistence of fat grafts, thus fostering the development of devices to be used in the operating room at the point of care, to isolate the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and produce SVF-enhanced fat grafts with safe and standardized protocols. Focusing on patients undergoing breast reconstruction by lipostructure, we analyzed a standard technique, a modification of the Coleman’s procedure, and three different commercially available devices (Lipokit, Cytori, Fastem), in terms of 1) ability to enrich fat grafts in stem cells and 2) clinical outcome at 6 and 12 months. Methods To evaluate the ability to enrich stem cells, we compared, for each patient (n = 20), the standard lipoaspirate with the respective stem cell-enriched one, analyzing yield, immunophenotype and colony-forming capacity of the SVF cells as well as immunophenotype, clonogenicity and multipotency of the obtained adipose stem cells (ASCs). Regarding the clinical outcome, we compared, by ultrasonography imaging, changes at 6 and 12 months in the subcutaneous thickness of patients treated with stem-cell enriched (n = 14) and standard lipoaspirates (n = 16). Results Both methods relying on the enzymatic isolation of primitive cells led to significant increase in the frequency, in the fat grafts, of SVF cells as well as of clonogenic and multipotent ASCs, while the enrichment was less prominent for the device based on the mechanical isolation of the SVF. From a clinical point of view, patients treated with SVF-enhanced fat grafts demonstrated, at six months, a significant superior gain of thickness of both the central and superior-medial quadrants with respect to patients treated with standard lipotransfer. In the median-median quadrant the effect was still persistent at 12 months, confirming an advantage of lipotransfer technique in enriching improving long-term fat grafts. Conclusions This comparative study, based on reproducible biological and clinical parameters and endpoints, showed an advantage of lipotransfer technique in enriching fat grafts in stem cells and in favoring, clinically, long-term fat grafts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/scrt536) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Domenis
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Lara Lazzaro
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Udine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Sarah Calabrese
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Udine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Damiano Mangoni
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Annarita Gallelli
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Evgenia Bourkoula
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Ivana Manini
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Natascha Bergamin
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Udine, P.le S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Barbara Toffoletto
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Carlo A Beltrami
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Udine, P.le S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Antonio P Beltrami
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Pier Camillo Parodi
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Udine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy. .,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Udine, P.le S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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Verardo R, Piazza S, Klaric E, Ciani Y, Bussadori G, Marzinotto S, Mariuzzi L, Cesselli D, Beltrami AP, Mano M, Itoh M, Kawaji H, Lassmann T, Carninci P, Hayashizaki Y, Forrest ARR, Beltrami CA, Schneider C. Specific Mesothelial Signature Marks the Heterogeneity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells From High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Stem Cells 2014; 32:2998-3011. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Verardo
- Laboratorio Nazionale-Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie (LNCIB); Area Science Park Trieste Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Laboratorio Nazionale-Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie (LNCIB); Area Science Park Trieste Italy
| | - Enio Klaric
- Laboratorio Nazionale-Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie (LNCIB); Area Science Park Trieste Italy
| | - Yari Ciani
- Laboratorio Nazionale-Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie (LNCIB); Area Science Park Trieste Italy
| | - Giulio Bussadori
- Laboratorio Nazionale-Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie (LNCIB); Area Science Park Trieste Italy
| | - Stefania Marzinotto
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences; University of Udine; Udine Italy
| | - Laura Mariuzzi
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences; University of Udine; Udine Italy
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences; University of Udine; Udine Italy
| | - Antonio P. Beltrami
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences; University of Udine; Udine Italy
| | - Miguel Mano
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB); Area Science Park Trieste Italy
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC); Tsurumi-ku Yokohama Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC); Tsurumi-ku Yokohama Japan
| | - Timo Lassmann
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC); Tsurumi-ku Yokohama Japan
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC); Tsurumi-ku Yokohama Japan
| | | | | | - Carlo A. Beltrami
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB); Area Science Park Trieste Italy
| | - Claudio Schneider
- Laboratorio Nazionale-Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie (LNCIB); Area Science Park Trieste Italy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB); Area Science Park Trieste Italy
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The redox function of APE1 is involved in the differentiation process of stem cells toward a neuronal cell fate. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89232. [PMID: 24586617 PMCID: PMC3929656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Low-to-moderate levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) govern different steps of neurogenesis via molecular pathways that have been decrypted only partially. Although it has been postulated that redox-sensitive molecules are involved in neuronal differentiation, the molecular bases for this process have not been elucidated yet. The aim of this work was therefore to study the role played by the redox-sensitive, multifunctional protein APE1/Ref-1 (APE1) in the differentiation process of human adipose tissue-derived multipotent adult stem cells (hAT-MASC) and embryonic carcinoma stem cells (EC) towards a neuronal phenotype. METHODS AND RESULTS Applying a definite protocol, hAT-MASC can adopt a neural fate. During this maturation process, differentiating cells significantly increase their intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels and increase the APE1 nuclear fraction bound to chromatin. This latter event is paralleled by the increase of nuclear NF-κB, a transcription factor regulated by APE1 in a redox-dependent fashion. Importantly, the addition of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) to the differentiation medium partially prevents the nuclear accumulation of APE1, increasing the neuronal differentiation of hAT-MASC. To investigate the involvement of APE1 in the differentiation process, we employed E3330, a specific inhibitor of the APE1 redox function. The addition of E3330, either to the neurogenic embryonic carcinoma cell line NT2-D1or to hAT-MASC, increases the differentiation of stem cells towards a neural phenotype, biasing the differentiation towards specific subtypes, such as dopaminergic cells. In conclusion, during the differentiation process of stem cells towards a neuroectodermic phenotype, APE1 is recruited, in a ROS-dependent manner, to the chromatin. This event is associated with an inhibitory effect of APE1 on neurogenesis that may be reversed by E3330. Therefore, E3330 may be employed both to boost neural differentiation and to bias the differentiation potential of stem cells towards specific neuronal subtypes. These findings provide a molecular basis for the redox-mediated hypothesis of neuronal differentiation program.
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