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Wang X, Kong Y, Qiu T, Chen T, Liu Y, Shi G, Sun Q, Chen W, Zhang J, Qiu J. Development of a novel humanized anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody, QX008N, and exploration of combination therapy of anti-TSLP antibody and anti-IL-4R antibody. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113102. [PMID: 39276452 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe asthma is a complex and chronic respiratory disease, and current conventional treatments are not effective in controlling the patients' condition. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a key regulatory factor in the initiation and maintenance of asthma. Thus, blocking TSLP during allergic inflammation emerges as a promising therapeutic approach; however, novel anti-TSLP therapies remain to be developed. Furthermore, the importance of other signaling molecules, such as IL-4 and IL-13, should be considered. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, the inhibitory effect of binding upstream and downstream signaling molecules has not been assessed. PURPOSE This study aimed to develop a novel, humanized anti-TSLP antibody and explore the enhancement in its efficacy when combined with anti-IL-4R antibodies to treat asthma. RESULTS QX008N, derived from a rabbit antibody platform, exhibits a high affinity for TSLP and superior efficacy in blocking TSLP-induced signaling pathways and inflammation in vitro compared with Tezepelumab. In a cynomolgus monkey asthma model, QX008N ameliorated lung function and reduced the levels of eosinophils and IgE. Moreover, the coadministration of QX008N with anti-IL-4R antibodies enhanced the inhibition of inflammatory mediator production triggered via costimulation in vitro. In mouse asthma models, the simultaneous blockade of TSLP and IL-4R using anti-TL4R and anti-TSLP surrogates surpassed the efficacy of monotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, the therapeutic effect of a combination of anti-TSLP and IL-4R antibodies in an asthma model has not yet been reported. CONCLUSION These results furnish comprehensive preclinical evidence for QX008N as an innovative anti-TSLP therapeutic agent and provide a preliminary rationale for the development of combination therapies that simultaneously target the TSLP and IL-4R signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomu Wang
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Qyuns Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Tao Chen
- Qyuns Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuzhi Liu
- Qyuns Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gaoyong Shi
- Qyuns Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuping Sun
- Qyuns Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Qyuns Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jiwan Qiu
- Qyuns Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Malinczak CA, Parolia A, Fonseca W, Morris S, Rasky AJ, Bawa P, Zhang Y, Mire MM, Ziegler SF, Ptaschinski C, Chinnaiyan AM, Lukacs NW. TSLP-Driven Chromatin Remodeling and Trained Systemic Immunity after Neonatal Respiratory Viral Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1315-1328. [PMID: 33514510 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Our studies have previously shown a role for persistent TSLP production in the lungs of mice after early-life respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection that leads to an altered immune phenotype, including accumulation of "inflammatory" dendritic cells (DC). This study investigates the role of TSLP driving systemic trained immunity in DC in early-life RSV-infected mice. Bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDC) from early-life RSV-infected mice at 4 wk postinfection showed enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokines, including Tslp, that regulate immune cell function. The adoptive transfer of BMDC grown from early-life RSV-infected mice was sufficient to exacerbate allergic disease development. The addition of recombinant TSLP during differentiation of BMDC from naive mice induced a similar altered phenotype as BMDC grown from early-life RSV-infected mice, suggesting a role for TSLP in the phenotypic changes. To assess the role of TSLP in these changes, global transcriptomic characterization of TSLPR-/- BMDC infected with RSV was performed and showed a higher upregulation of type 1 IFN genes and concomitant downregulation of inflammatory genes. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing analysis demonstrated that TSLPR-/- BMDC had a parallel gain in physical chromatin accessibility near type 1 genes and loss in accessibility near genes related to RSV pathology, with IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and STAT3 predicted as top transcription factors binding within differentially accessible regions in wild-type. Importantly, these studies show that in the absence of TSLP signaling, BMDC are able to mount an appropriate type 1 IFN-associated antiviral response to RSV. In summary, RSV-induced TSLP alters chromatin structure in DC to drive trained innate immunity and activates pathogenic gene programs in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhijit Parolia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Wendy Fonseca
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Susan Morris
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Andrew J Rasky
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Pushpinder Bawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Mohamed M Mire
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Catherine Ptaschinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Tang YJ, Xie LL, Zheng XR, Liu CT, Wang X. The role of peripheral type 2 innate lymphoid cells in bronchiolitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2668. [PMID: 33514798 PMCID: PMC7846835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to detect type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s)-related cytokines of infants with bronchiolitis by using Elisa, Liquidchip technology and RT-PCR and investigated its correlation with bronchiolitis. We recruited 26 infants with bronchiolitis and 20 healthy infants as control from Xiangya Hospital. Compared to the control group, the serum levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5) [41.99 (21.11) vs 25.70 (19.64)], IL-9 [27.04 (37.51) vs 8.30 (0.54)], IL-13 [184.05 (132.81) vs 121.75 (176.13)], IL-33 [83.70 (46.69) vs 11.23 (55.31)] and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) [31.42 (5.41) vs 28.76 (2.56)] were significantly increased in infants with bronchiolitis (P < 0.05), while the level of IgE had no significant difference between the two groups [19.05 (14.15) vs 14.85 (20.2), P > 0.05]. The mRNA expression of IL-17RB (9.83 ± 0.35 vs 9.19 ± 0.58), TSLP (16.98 ± 2.12 vs 15.07 ± 2.25), retinoid acid receptor related orphan receptor α (7.18 ± 0.71 vs 5.46 ± 1.09) and trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor 3 (4.86 ± 0.66 vs 4.19 ± 0.90) were significantly increased in infants with bronchiolitis versus the control group (P < 0.05), while there was no statistical significance for suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (5.59 ± 0.68 vs 5.41 ± 0.87, P > 0.05). Our findings suggested that ILC2s possibly play a specific role in immunopathology of bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jun Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Xie
- Newborn Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Rong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Tao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Li YL, Xing XQ, Xiao Y, Liu YH, Zhou YS, Zhuang M, Li CQ. Correlation between DNA methylation and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin expression in asthmatic airway epithelial cells. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:1399-1406. [PMID: 33040302 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-01000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overexpression of TSLP and DNA methylation in asthma were both risk factors the relationship was not clear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between methylation status of TSLP promoter and mRNA/protein expression in asthmatic airway epithelial cells. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial cells were cultured in vitro and divided into: Control group, treated with PBS, model group, sensitized with LPS (10 μg/mL) for 12 h (37 °C, 5% CO2). Other groups were cultured with the pCMV3 plasmid (M + NC/pCMV), pGPH1 plasmid (M + NC/pGPH), DNMT1/pCMV3 plasmid (M + DNMT1/pCMV), and DNMT1/pGPH1 plasmid (M + DNMT1/pGPH) for 48 h. The expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 and TSLP were measured using real-time PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the control group, TSLP mRNA (1.00 ± 0.00 vs. 2.82 ± 0.81 vs. 1, P < 0.001) and protein (1.07 ± 0.04 vs. 1.46 ± 0.11, P < 0.01) were significantly greater, and the methylation of promoter was lower (92.75 ± 1.26 vs. 58.57 ± 3.34, P < 0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, TSLP mRNA (2.82 ± 0.81 vs. 1.17 ± 0.10, P < 0.001) decreased, but TSLP promoter methylation increased (58.57 ± 3.34 vs. 92.58 ± 7.30, P < 0.05) in M + DNMT1/pCMV. TSLP mRNA and protein were higher (2.82 ± 0.81 vs. 5.32 ± 0.21, P < 0.001; 1.46 ± 0.11 vs. 1.94 ± 0.11, respectively, P < 0.01), TSLP promoter methylation was lower (58.57 ± 3.34 vs. 33.57 ± 4.29, P < 0.05) in M + DNMT1/pGPH. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of TSLP in asthmatic airway epithelial cells may be regulated by DNA demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Qian Xing
- First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xiao
- First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Liu
- First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shan Zhou
- First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhuang
- First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Qian Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Mai HL, Nguyen TVH, Bouchaud G, Henrio K, Cheminant MA, Magnan A, Brouard S. Targeting the interleukin-7 receptor alpha by an anti-CD127 monoclonal antibody improves allergic airway inflammation in mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:824-834. [PMID: 32418317 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is the most important cytokine for T-cell homeostasis. IL-7 signals through the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) which is composed of an alpha chain (IL-7Rα), also called CD127 and a common gamma chain. T lymphocytes, especially T helper type 2, play a crucial role in the pathobiology of allergic asthma. OBJECTIVE To study the effects of an anti-CD127 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation induced by house dust mite (HDM). METHODS Allergic airway inflammation was induced in mice using a protocol comprising 4 weekly percutaneous sensitizations followed by 2 weekly intranasal challenges with total HDM extracts and treated by intraperitoneal injections of an anti-CD127 mAb. Because CD127 is shared by both IL-7R and the receptor for thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a group of mice was also treated with an anti-IL-7 mAb to block only the IL-7 signalling pathway. RESULTS Anti-CD127 mAb-treated mice showed significantly lower airway resistance in response to methacholine and improvement in lung histology compared with isotype mAb-treated animals. Anti-CD127 mAb treatment significantly decreased the mRNA expression of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and chemokines (CCL5/RANTES) in lung tissue, decreased the secretion of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and chemokines (CXCL1 and CCL11/eotaxin) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), decreased serum HDM-specific IgE, and reduced the number of total leucocytes and leucocyte subpopulations such as eosinophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and ILC2 in BALF and lung tissue. Mice treated with anti-IL-7 mAb also showed less allergic airway inflammation as evidenced by significantly lower airway resistance and fewer leucocytes in BALF and lung tissue compared to mice treated with the corresponding isotype control mAb. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Targeting the IL-7Rα by an anti-CD127 mAb improves allergic airway inflammation in mice and presents as a potential therapeutic approach for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Le Mai
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Thi Van Ha Nguyen
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Grégory Bouchaud
- INRA-BIA UR1268, Nantes, France.,Institut du Thorax, INSERM UMR 1087, CNRS UMR 6291, Nantes, France
| | - Kelly Henrio
- Institut du Thorax, INSERM UMR 1087, CNRS UMR 6291, Nantes, France
| | | | - Antoine Magnan
- Institut du Thorax, INSERM UMR 1087, CNRS UMR 6291, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
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Unique Type I Interferon, Expansion/Survival Cytokines, and JAK/STAT Gene Signatures of Multifunctional Herpes Simplex Virus-Specific Effector Memory CD8 + T EM Cells Are Associated with Asymptomatic Herpes in Humans. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01882-18. [PMID: 30487281 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01882-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A large proportion of the world population harbors herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a major cause of infectious corneal blindness. HSV-specific CD8+ T cells protect from herpesvirus infection and disease. However, the genomic, phenotypic, and functional characteristics of CD8+ T cells associated with the protection seen in asymptomatic (ASYMP) individuals, who, despite being infected, never experienced any recurrent herpetic disease, remains to be fully elucidated. In this investigation, we compared the phenotype, function, and level of expression of a comprehensive panel of 579 immune genes of memory CD8+ T cells, sharing the same HSV-1 epitope specificities, and freshly isolated peripheral blood from well-characterized cohorts of protected ASYMP and nonprotected symptomatic (SYMP) individuals, with a history of numerous episodes of recurrent herpetic disease, using the high-throughput digital NanoString nCounter system and flow cytometry. Interestingly, our results demonstrated that memory CD8+ T cells from ASYMP individuals expressed a unique set of genes involved in expansion and survival, type I interferon (IFN-I), and JAK/STAT pathways. Frequent multifunctional HSV-specific effector memory CD62Llow CD44high CD8+ TEM cells were detected in ASYMP individuals compared to more of monofunctional central memory CD62Lhigh CD44high CD8+ TCM cells in SYMP individuals. Shedding light on the genotype, phenotype, and function of antiviral CD8+ T cells from "naturally protected" ASYMP individuals will help design future T-cell-based ocular herpes immunotherapeutic vaccines.IMPORTANCE A staggering number of the world population harbors herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) potentially leading to blinding recurrent herpetic disease. While the majority are asymptomatic (ASYMP) individuals who never experienced any recurrent herpetic disease, symptomatic (SYMP) individuals have a history of numerous episodes of recurrent ocular herpetic disease. This study elucidates the phenotype, the effector function, and the gene signatures of memory CD8+ T-cell populations associated with protection seen in ASYMP individuals. Frequent multifunctional HSV-specific effector memory CD8+ TEM cells were detected in ASYMP individuals. In contrast, nonprotected SYMP individuals had more central memory CD8+ TCM cells. The memory CD8+ TEM cells from ASYMP individuals expressed unique gene signatures characterized by higher levels of type I interferon (IFN), expansion and expansion/survival cytokines, and JAK/STAT pathways. Future studies on the genotype, phenotype, and function of antiviral CD8+ T cells from "naturally protected" ASYMP individuals will help in the potential design of T-cell-based ocular herpes vaccines.
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Sex-associated TSLP-induced immune alterations following early-life RSV infection leads to enhanced allergic disease. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:969-979. [PMID: 31076663 PMCID: PMC6599479 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have linked severe RSV infection during early-life with an enhanced likelihood of developing childhood asthma, showing a greater susceptibility in boys. Our studies show that early-life RSV infection leads to differential long-term effects based upon the sex of the neonate; leaving male mice prone to exacerbation upon secondary allergen exposure while overall protecting female mice. During initial viral infection, we observed better viral control in the female mice with correlative expression of interferon-β that was not observed in male mice. Additionally, we observed persistent immune alterations in male mice at 4 weeks post infection. These alterations include Th2 and Th17-skewing, innate cytokine expression (Tslp and Il33), and infiltration of innate immune cells (DC and ILC2). Upon exposure to allergen, beginning at 4 weeks following early-life RSV-infection, male mice show severe allergic exacerbation while female mice appear to be protected. Due to persistent expression of TSLP following early-life RSV infection in male mice, genetically modified TSLPR-/- mice were evaluated and demonstrated an abrogation of allergen exacerbation in male mice. These data indicate that TSLP is involved in the altered immune environment following neonatal RSV-infection that leads to more severe responses in males during allergy exposure, later in life. Thus, TSLP may be a clinically relevant therapeutic target early in life.
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Elmaraghy MA, Hodieb MM, Khattab RAER, Abdelgalel MN. Association between TSLP gene polymorphism and bronchial asthma in children in Beni Suef Governorate in Egypt. COMPARATIVE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 27:565-570. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Li HT, Chen ZG, Liu H, Ye J, Zou XL, Wang YH, Yang HL, Meng P, Zhang TT. Treatment of allergic rhinitis with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides alleviates the lower airway outcomes of combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome via a mechanism that possibly involves in TSLP. Exp Lung Res 2017; 42:322-33. [PMID: 27541375 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2016.1215571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a critical regulator of immune responses associated with Th2 cytokine-mediated inflammation. Intranasal administration of oligodeoxynucleotides with CpG motifs (CpG-ODNs) might improve lower airway outcomes of combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS), but the inherent mechanisms of CpG-ODNs are not well defined. This study investigated whether CpG-ODNs treated to upper airway could reduce lower airway TSLP expression as well as whether this reduction could contribute to the alleviation of lower allergic inflammation and airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) in CARAS mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized BALB/c mice were intranasal OVA exposure three times a week for 3 weeks. CpG-ODNs or an anti-TSLP mAb was administered to a subset of these mice 1 hour after intranasal OVA challenge, followed by 5 days of OVA aerosol challenge. The resulting immunological variables, nasal symptoms, and nasal mucosa and lung tissues pathology were evaluated. TSLP production in the lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by RT-PCR, western blotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The CARAS mice exhibited overexpression of TSLP in the lung tissues and BALF, and also demonstrated significant increases in BALF and splenocyte Th2-associated cytokine production, serum OVA-specific IgE, nose and lung pathologies, and AHR. Intranasal administration of CpG-ODNs restored TSLP in the lower airway, and it significantly reduced the following parameters: Th2-type cytokine production levels; the percentage of eosinophils in the BALF; IL-4 and IL-5 concentrations in the supernatants of cultured splenic lymphocytes; serum OVA-specific IgE; peribronchial inflammation score in the lungs; and nose pathology and nasal symptoms. Similar results were obtained when the CARAS mice were treated with an anti-TSLP mAb to block intranasal TSLP activity. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with intranasal CpG-ODNs improves lower airway immunological variable outcomes in the CARAS model via a mechanism that possibly involves in suppressing pulmonary TSLP-triggered allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Li
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhuang-Gui Chen
- b Department of Pediatrics , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hui Liu
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jin Ye
- c Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zou
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hai-Ling Yang
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ping Meng
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Tian-Tuo Zhang
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Chen ZG, Meng P, Li HT, Li M, Yang LF, Yan Y, Li YT, Zou XL, Wang DY, Zhang TT. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin contribution to the recruitment of circulating fibrocytes to the lung in a mouse model of chronic allergic asthma. J Asthma 2017; 55:975-983. [PMID: 28972433 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1386213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Fibrocyte localization to the airways and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) overexpression in the lung are features of severe asthma. The aim of this study was to determine whether TSLP contributes to fibrocyte trafficking and airway remodeling in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Methods: We established a chronic asthma animal model by administering house dust mite (HDM) extracts intranasally for up to 5 consecutive weeks. Mouse anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody (mAb) was given intraperitoneally starting the 4th week. Fluorescence-labeled CD34/collagen I (Col I)-dual-positive fibrocytes were examined by confocal microscopy. The level of TGF-β1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was determined by ELISA. Results: We found significantly increased levels of TSLP and TGF-β1 in the lung of the mice subjected to repeated allergen exposure, which was accompanied by increased number of fibrocytes in the sub-epithelial zone and the BAL fluid. However, blocking TSLP markedly decreased the production of TGF-β1, reduced the number of fibrocytes and subsequently prevented alterations of both airway and vascular structures. Conclusions: Our data suggested that TSLP might function in airway remodeling by promoting circulating fibrocyte recruitment to the lung in the mice subjected to chronic allergen exposure. These results provide a better rationale for targeting the interaction between TSLP and fibrocytes as a therapeutic approach for chronic allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang-Gui Chen
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Department of Pediatrics , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ping Meng
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hong-Tao Li
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ming Li
- c Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Li-Fen Yang
- b Department of Pediatrics , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yan Yan
- d Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Ya-Ting Li
- b Department of Pediatrics , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zou
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- d Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Tian-Tuo Zhang
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Zhang Y, Wu L, Yu J, Mei J, Yi Y, Chen J, Ying G. Preparation of recombinant human thymic stromal lymphopoietin protein. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:934-938. [PMID: 28816641 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1365242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human thymic stromal lymphopoietin (hTSLP) protein plays a central role in inflammation. Characterizing properties of hTSLP requires a recombinant overexpression system that produces correctly folded, active hTSLP. In this report, an efficient overexpression system for the production of hTSLP was developed. We constructed expression plasmids of the full-length hTslp gene with or without the signal peptide and transformed the plasmids into Escherichia coli. The design of the recombinant proteins included an N-terminal His-tag, which facilitated purification. An affinity gradient elution method was used to improve recovery and concentration levels of denatured hTSLP, with 90% purity observed following affinity chromatography. Refolding of the denatured hTSLP was tested using four different protein refolding approaches. The optimal refolding conditions involved stepwise buffer exchanges to reduce the urea concentration from 4 to 0 M in 50 mM Tris (pH 8.0), 1 mM EDTA, 50 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, 400 mM L-Arg, 0.2 mM oxidized glutathione, and 2 mM reduced glutathione. The activity of the refolded recombinant hTSLP protein was measured by an ELISA assay. Interestingly, the presence of N-terminal signal peptide inhibited the overexpression of hTSLP in E. coli. The amount of recombinant hTSLP protein purified reached a level of 2.52 × 10-3 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlu Zhang
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Liehua Wu
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jingai Yu
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - JianFeng Mei
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yu Yi
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - JianShu Chen
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Guoqing Ying
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
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12
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Thymic stromal lymphopoietin and apocynin alter the expression of airway remodeling factors in human rhinovirus-infected cells. Immunobiology 2017; 222:892-899. [PMID: 28545810 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a characteristic of bronchial asthma. The process involves the expression of many genes, such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1), MMP and arginase. Human rhinovirus (HRV) is known to cause asthma exacerbations, and viral infections might be involved in the development of airway remodeling. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of HRV on the genes involved in airway remodeling and to examine the impact of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and contribution of oxidative stress on airway remodeling in the context of HRV infection. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, isolated from blood collected from 10 healthy volunteers, and human lung fibroblasts were infected with HRV-16. The cells were treated with apocynin or TSLP 48h after infection. The expression of TGF-β1, TIMP-1 and arginase I mRNA and protein were determined by real-time PCR, immunoblotting and ELISA, respectively. Rhinovirus infection significantly increased the expression of TGF-β1 and arginase I, on the mRNA and protein levels. This effect was inhibited by apocynin, though only on the mRNA level. TIMP-1 expression was not influenced by HRV; however, apocynin caused a significant increase of TIMP-1 mRNA expression. TSLP increased the expression of TGF-β1 and arginase I mRNA in fibroblasts, but not in PBMC.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging chronic atopic disease. Recent advances in understanding its genetic and molecular biology pathogenesis may lead to a better management of the disease RECENT FINDINGS EoE is an atopic disease. Most of the patients affected by EoE have other atopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, IgE-mediated food allergies and/or atopic dermatitis. The local inflammation is a T helper type 2 (Th2) flogosis, which most likely is driven by a mixed IgE and n-IgE-mediated reaction to food and/or environmental allergens. Epidemiological studies show that EoE is an atopic disease with a strong genetic component. Genetic studies have shown that EoE is associated with single nucleotide polymorphism on genes, which are released by the epithelium and important in atopic inflammation such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin located (TSLP) close to the Th2 cytokine cluster [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13] on chromosome 5q22, Calpain 14, EMSY, and Eotaxin3. When the EoE diagnosis is made, it is imperative to control the local eosinophilic inflammation not only to give symptomatic relief to the patient, but also to prevent complications such as esophageal stricture and food impaction. SUMMARY EoE is treated like many other atopic diseases with a combination of topical steroids and/or food antigen avoidance. The new understanding of EoE may lead to more specific and definitive treatments of EoE.
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Meng Q, Liu X, Li P, He L, Xie J, Gao X, Wu X, Su F, Liang Y. The influence of house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy on the TSLP-OX40L signaling pathway in patients with allergic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 6:862-70. [PMID: 27012942 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with house dust mite (HDM) extract and to examine T helper 2 (Th2)-type immune responses mediated by the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP-OX40L) signaling pathway in patients with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis (AR) after 12-month HDM SLIT. METHODS Forty-six cases of HDM-sensitized patients with persistent AR in southern China were enrolled in this study. Clinical efficacy of SLIT was assessed by determining the individual nasal symptom score (INSS) and total nasal symptom score (TNSS) after 12-month HDM SLIT. Moreover, the TSLP-OX40L signaling pathway was investigated through measurements of TSLP by enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and OX40L by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry. RESULTS After 12 months of HDM SLIT, TNSS and INSS were significantly decreased overall compared with baseline values (p < 0.001). By the end of the 12-month HDM SLIT, TNSS had declined by ∼50% compared with baseline, and the corresponding level of TSLP in nasal lavage decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The level of OX40L messenger RNA (mRNA) in blood was markedly decreased significantly after 12-month HDM SLIT compared with baseline (t = 12.300, p < 0.05). Furthermore, significant decreases in OX40L expression on the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (t = 13.100, p < 0.05) and OX40L expression on the surface of CD11c+CD86+ cells in PBMCs (t = 9.946, p < 0.05) after 12-month HDM SLIT were observed. CONCLUSION HDM SLIT downregulated Th2-type immune responses mediated by the TSLP-OX40L signaling pathway in patients with persistent moderate to severe AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Meng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Long He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinghua Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xionghui Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaozhong Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Gandhi NA, Bennett BL, Graham NMH, Pirozzi G, Stahl N, Yancopoulos GD. Targeting key proximal drivers of type 2 inflammation in disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 15:35-50. [PMID: 26471366 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic type 2 inflammation encompassing T helper 2 (TH2)-type responses is emerging as a unifying feature of both classically defined allergic diseases, such as asthma, and a range of other inflammatory diseases. Rather than reducing inflammation with broad-acting immunosuppressants or narrowly targeting downstream products of the TH2 pathway, such as immunoglobulin E (IgE), efforts to target the key proximal type 2 cytokines - interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13 - represent a promising strategy to achieve therapeutic benefit across multiple diseases. After several initial disappointing clinical results with therapies targeting IL-4, IL-5 or IL-13 in asthma, applying a personalized approach achieved therapeutic benefit in an asthma subtype exhibiting an 'allergic' phenotype. More recently, efficacy was extended into a broad population of people with asthma. This argues that the Type 2 inflammation is broadly relevant across the severe asthma population if the key upstream drivers are properly blocked. Moreover, the simultaneous inhibition of IL-4 and IL-13 has shown significant clinical activity in diseases that are often co-morbid with asthma - atopic dermatitis and chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps - supporting the hypothesis that targeting a central 'driver pathway' could benefit multiple allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gianluca Pirozzi
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, USA
| | - Neil Stahl
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York 10591, USA
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Cianferoni A, Spergel J. The importance of TSLP in allergic disease and its role as a potential therapeutic target. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 10:1463-74. [PMID: 25340427 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.967684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial-derived cytokine similar to IL- 7, whose gene is located on chromosome 5q22.1 and it exerts its biological function through the TSLP-Receptor (TSLP-R). TSLP is expressed primarily by epithelial cells at barrier surfaces such as the skin, gut and lung in response to danger signals. Since it was cloned in 1994, there has been accumulating evidence that TSLP is crucial for the maturation of antigen presenting cells and hematopoietic cells. TSLP genetic variants and its dysregulated expression have been linked to atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis and eosinophilic esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cianferoni
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia - Allergy, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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17
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Ying G, Zhang Y, Tang G, Chen S. Functions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in non-allergic diseases. Cell Immunol 2015; 295:144-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Eckhardt J, Döbbeler M, König C, Kuczera K, Kuhnt C, Ostalecki C, Zinser E, Mak TW, Steinkasserer A, Lechmann M. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin deficiency attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 181:51-64. [PMID: 25753260 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we examined the role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here, we report that TSLP knock-out (KO) mice display a delayed onset of disease and an attenuated form of EAE. This delayed onset was accompanied by a reduced number of encephalitogenic T helper type 1 (Th1) cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of TSLP KO mice. In addition, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from CNS of TSLP KO mice show a reduced activation status in comparison to wild-type mice. It is noteworthy that we could also show that lymph node cells from TSLP KO mice expanded less efficiently and that interleukin (IL)-6-, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were reduced. Furthermore, CD3(+) T cells isolated in the preclinical phase from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35-55 (MOG(35-55))-immunized TSLP KO mice showed a reduced response after secondary exposure to MOG(35-55), indicating that differentiation of naive T cells into MOG(35-55)-specific effector and memory T cells was impaired in KO mice. The addition of recombinant TSLP enhanced T cell proliferation during MOG(35-55) restimulation, showing that T cells also respond directly to TSLP. In summary, these data demonstrate that expression of, and immune activation by, TSLP contributes significantly to the immunopathology of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eckhardt
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology
| | - M Döbbeler
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology
| | - C König
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology
| | - K Kuczera
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology
| | - C Kuhnt
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology
| | - C Ostalecki
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - E Zinser
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology
| | - T W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology
| | - M Lechmann
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology
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19
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Lay MK, Céspedes PF, Palavecino CE, León MA, Díaz RA, Salazar FJ, Méndez GP, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Human metapneumovirus infection activates the TSLP pathway that drives excessive pulmonary inflammation and viral replication in mice. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1680-95. [PMID: 25763996 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children and the elderly. The mechanism by which this virus triggers an inflammatory response still remains unknown. Here, we evaluated whether the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) pathway contributes to lung inflammation upon hMPV infection. We found that hMPV infection promotes TSLP expression both in human airway epithelial cells and in the mouse lung. hMPV infection induced lung infiltration of OX40L(+) CD11b(+) DCs. Mice lacking the TSLP receptor deficient mice (tslpr(-/-) ) showed reduced lung inflammation and hMPV replication. These mice displayed a decreased number of neutrophils as well a reduction in levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL17, IL-5, IL-13, and TNF-α in the airways upon hMPV infection. Furthermore, a higher frequency of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was found in tslpr(-/-) mice compared to WT mice, which could contribute to controlling viral spread. Depletion of neutrophils in WT and tslpr(-/-) mice decreased inflammation and hMPV replication. Remarkably, blockage of TSLP or OX40L with specific Abs reduced lung inflammation and viral replication following hMPV challenge in mice. Altogether, these results suggest that activation of the TSLP pathway is pivotal in the development of pulmonary pathology and pulmonary hMPV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita K Lay
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Céspedes
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian E Palavecino
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel A León
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Díaz
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco J Salazar
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo P Méndez
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,INSERM U1064, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,INSERM U1064, Nantes, France.,Departamento de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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20
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Watson B, Gauvreau GM. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin: a central regulator of allergic asthma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 18:771-85. [PMID: 24930783 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.915314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelial cell-derived mediators have emerged as key players for instigating local remodeling and the associated cellular inflammation in asthmatic airways. In particular, the epithelial-derived cytokine, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), has been identified as a master switch for allergic inflammation. AREAS COVERED TSLP is expressed by structural and immune cells at the site of allergen entry in the airways. Stimuli for release of TSLP include common triggers of asthma symptoms, and TSLP levels correlate with disease severity. TSLP regulates helper T cell 2 (Th2) humoral immunity through upregulating OX40L on dendritic cells (DCs), which drives Th2 lymphocytes; however, activation of several other cells by TSLP also supports the development of Th2 inflammation. Animal models of asthma demonstrate that increased levels of TSLP can induce many of the characteristics of asthma. EXPERT OPINION The work conducted to date supports a critical role of TSLP in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. The first clinical trial to block the downstream effects of OX40L has shown reduced levels of circulating IgE and airway eosinophils, confirming the importance of TSLP-induced OX40L levels on DCs. Clinical trials with TSLP blockade are underway and will unequivocally confirm whether TSLP is indeed a key driver of allergic inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Watson
- McMaster University, Medicine , 1200 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5 , Canada
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21
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Gaurav R, Agrawal DK. Clinical view on the importance of dendritic cells in asthma. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 9:899-919. [PMID: 24128155 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2013.837260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation and may lead to airway remodeling in uncontrolled cases. Genetic predisposition to an atopic phenotype plays a major component in the pathophysiology of asthma. However, with tremendous role of epigenetic factors and environmental stimuli in precipitating an immune response, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are complicated. Dendritic cells are principal antigen-presenting cells and initiators of the immune response in allergic asthma. Their phenotype, guided by multiple factors may dictate the immune reaction to an allergic or tolerogenic response. Involvement of the local cytokine milieu, microbiome and interplay between immune cells add dimension to the fate of immune response. In addition to allergen exposure, these factors modulate DC phenotype and function. In this article, integration of many factors and pathways associated with the recruitment and activation of DCs in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma is presented in a clinical and translational manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gaurav
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, 2500 California Plaza Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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22
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Chen ZH, Wang PL, Shen HH. Asthma research in China: a five-year review. Respirology 2014; 18 Suppl 3:10-9. [PMID: 24188199 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide with increasing morbidity. China has the largest asthmatic population and is one of the countries with the highest asthma mortality. Fortunately, asthma research in China, both clinical and scientific, has developed markedly over the past few years. This has resulted in significant increases in our understanding of Chinese asthma prevalence, risk factors, control status, pathogenesis, and new prevention or treatment strategies. In this review, the major achievements of asthma research in China from 2008 to 2012 are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Datta A, Alexander R, Sulikowski MG, Nicholson AG, Maher TM, Scotton CJ, Chambers RC. Evidence for a functional thymic stromal lymphopoietin signaling axis in fibrotic lung disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4867-79. [PMID: 24081992 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) recently has emerged as a key cytokine in the development of type 2 immune responses. Although traditionally associated with allergic inflammation, type 2 responses are also recognized to contribute to the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis. However, the role of TSLP in the development of non-allergen-driven diseases, characterized by profibrotic type 2 immune phenotypes and excessive fibroblast activation, remains underexplored. Fibroblasts represent the key effector cells responsible for extracellular matrix production but additionally play important immunoregulatory roles, including choreographing immune cell recruitment through chemokine regulation. The aim of this study was to examine whether TSLP may be involved in the pathogenesis of a proto-typical fibrotic disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We combined the immunohistochemical analysis of human IPF biopsy material with signaling studies by using cultured primary human lung fibroblasts and report for the first time, to our knowledge, that TSLP and its receptor (TSLPR) are highly upregulated in IPF. We further show that lung fibroblasts represent both a novel cellular source and target of TSLP and that TSLP induces fibroblast CCL2 release (via STAT3) and subsequent monocyte chemotaxis. These studies extend our understanding of TSLP as a master regulator of type 2 immune responses beyond that of allergic inflammatory conditions and suggest a novel role for TSLP in the context of chronic fibrotic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Datta
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
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Ziegler SF, Roan F, Bell BD, Stoklasek TA, Kitajima M, Han H. The biology of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 66:129-55. [PMID: 23433457 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-404717-4.00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Originally shown to promote the growth and activation of B cells, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is now known to have wide-ranging impacts on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell lineages, including dendritic cells, basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and natural killer T cells, B cells and epithelial cells. While TSLP's role in the promotion of TH2 responses has been extensively studied in the context of lung- and skin-specific allergic disorders, it is becoming increasingly clear that TSLP may impact multiple disease states within multiple organ systems, including the blockade of TH1/TH17 responses and the promotion of cancer and autoimmunity. This chapter will highlight recent advances in the understanding of TSLP signal transduction, as well as the role of TSLP in allergy, autoimmunity and cancer. Importantly, these insights into TSLP's multifaceted roles could potentially allow for novel therapeutic manipulations of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
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25
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Atamas SP, Chapoval SP, Keegan AD. Cytokines in chronic respiratory diseases. F1000 BIOLOGY REPORTS 2013; 5:3. [PMID: 23413371 PMCID: PMC3564216 DOI: 10.3410/b5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are small, secreted proteins that control immune responses. Within the lung, they can control host responses to injuries or infection, resulting in clearance of the insult, repair of lung tissue, and return to homeostasis. Problems can arise when this response is over exuberant and/or cytokine production becomes dysregulated. In such cases, chronic and repeated inflammatory reactions and cytokine production can be established, leading to airway remodeling and fibrosis with unintended, maladaptive consequences. In this report, we describe the cytokines and molecular mechanisms behind the pathology observed in three major chronic diseases of the lung: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis. Overlapping mechanisms are presented as potential sites for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei P Atamas
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21201 USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21201 USA ; Baltimore VA Medical Center Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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Chen ZG, Zhang TT, Li HT, Chen FH, Zou XL, Ji JZ, Chen H. Neutralization of TSLP inhibits airway remodeling in a murine model of allergic asthma induced by chronic exposure to house dust mite. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51268. [PMID: 23300949 PMCID: PMC3534685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic allergic asthma is characterized by Th2-typed inflammation, and contributes to airway remodeling and the deterioration of lung function. However, the initiating factor that links airway inflammation to remodeling is unknown. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelium-derived cytokine, can strongly activate lung dendritic cells (DCs) through the TSLP-TSLPR and OX40L-OX40 signaling pathways to promote Th2 differentiation. To determine whether TSLP is the underlying trigger of airway remodeling in chronic allergen-induced asthma, we induced allergic airway inflammation in mice by intranasal administration of house dust mite (HDM) extracts for up to 5 consecutive weeks. We showed that repeated respiratory exposure to HDM caused significant airway eosinophilic inflammation, peribronchial collagen deposition, goblet cell hyperplasia, and airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine. These effects were accompanied with a salient Th2 response that was characterized by the upregulation of Th2-typed cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13, as well as the transcription factor GATA-3. Moreover, the levels of TSLP and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) were also increased in the airway. We further demonstrated, using the chronic HDM-induced asthma model, that the inhibition of Th2 responses via neutralization of TSLP with an anti-TSLP mAb reversed airway inflammation, prevented structural alterations, and decreased AHR to methacholine and TGF-β1 level. These results suggest that TSLP plays a pivotal role in the initiation and persistence of airway inflammation and remodeling in the context of chronic allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang-Gui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Tuo Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hong-Tao Li
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen-Hua Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zou
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Zhi Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Wu J, Liu F, Zhao J, Wei Y, Lv J, Dong F, Bi W, Wang X, Wang J, Liu W, Dong L, Tian H. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin promotes asthmatic airway remodelling in human lung fibroblast cells through STAT3 signalling pathway. Cell Biochem Funct 2012. [PMID: 23192865 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the role and regulation of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in asthmatic airway remodelling. To identify the expression of TSLP, α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I in bronchial tissues, bronchial biopsy specimens were collected from patients with asthma and healthy controls and stained with specific antibodies, respectively. To characterize the signalling pathways regulated by TSLP, we silenced or overexpressed TSLP in human lung fibroblast (HLF-1) cells by shRNA approaches or transfection and detected the expression of TSLP receptor (TSLPR) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis. In TSLP signalling pathway, the protein expression of total signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), STAT5, the phosphorylation of STAT3 (pSTAT3) and STAT5 (pSTAT5), TSLP, α-SMA and collagen I were also detected by Western blotting. In addition, the α-SMA, collagen I and mRNA expression were determined by real-time reverse-transcription. To further confirm the TSLP-STAT3 signalling pathway in HLF-1 cells, we inhibited STAT3 activity by targeted small molecules and then detected TSLP-induced expression of α-SMA and collagen I in both mRNA and protein levels by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription and Western blotting, respectively. First, overexpression of TSLP, α-SMA and collagen I was detected in epithelium collected from patients with asthma. Second, STAT3 activity and the expression of α-SMA and collagen I were controlled, regulated by TSLP. Specifically, the pSTAT3, α-SMA and collagen I were induced by the introduction of TSLP in HLF-1 cells, and the repression of α-SMA and collagen I was detected after TSLP silencing. Third, no changes of pSTAT5 were found in the presence of the STAT3 inhibitor, and TSLP-induced α-SMA and collagen I upregulation is in a STAT3 dependent manner. If we inhibit STAT3 activity by STAT3 targeted small molecules, TSLP-induced α-SMA and collagen I upregulation cannot be detected. The functions of TSLP in asthmatic airway remodelling were performed through STAT3 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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28
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Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin 7-like cytokine expressed mainly by epithelial cells. Current studies provide compelling evidence that TSLP is capable of activating dendritic cells to promote T helper (Th) 2 immune responses. TSLP has also been shown to directly promote Th2 differentiation of naïve CD4(+) T cell and activate natural killer T cells, basophils and other innate immune cells at the initial stage of inflammation. In addition, TSLP affects B cell maturation and activation and can also influence regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation and development. TSLP-induced Th2 responses are associated with the pathogenesis of allergic inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, and rhinitis. Based on recent findings in humans and mouse models, TSLP might also be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and progression of cancer. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of the biology of TSLP and highlight the important issues for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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29
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Liu W, Xu LS, Liu QJ, Dong FZ, Qiu RF, Wen MC, Han YL, Tang NB, Kang LJ, Wu JX, Liu F, Zhao JP, Yang MM, Wang JF, Ding MJ, Sun YM, Fei WJ, Dong L. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in TSLP gene are associated with asthma susceptibility in Chinese Han population. Exp Lung Res 2012; 38:375-82. [DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2012.714840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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30
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Roan F, Bell BD, Stoklasek TA, Kitajima M, Han H, Ziegler SF. The multiple facets of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) during allergic inflammation and beyond. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 91:877-86. [PMID: 22442496 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1211622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Originally shown to promote the growth and activation of B cells, TSLP is now known to have wide-ranging impacts on hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell lineages, including DCs, basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, CD4(+), CD8(+), and NK T cells, B cells, and epithelial cells. Whereas the role of TSLP in the promotion of TH2 responses has been studied extensively in the context of lung- and skin-specific allergic disorders, it is becoming increasingly clear that TSLP may impact multiple disease states within multiple organ systems, including the blockade of TH1/TH17 responses and the promotion of cancer and autoimmunity. This review will highlight recent advances in the understanding of TSLP signal transduction, as well as the role of TSLP in allergy, autoimmunity, and cancer. Importantly, these insights into the multifaceted roles of TSLP could potentially allow for novel, therapeutic manipulations of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Roan
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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31
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Yamada T, Saito H, Kimura Y, Kubo S, Sakashita M, Susuki D, Ito Y, Ogi K, Imoto Y, Fujieda S. CpG-DNA suppresses poly(I:C)-induced TSLP production in human laryngeal arytenoid fibroblasts. Cytokine 2011; 57:245-50. [PMID: 22154513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) exerts a marked influence on the polarization of dendritic cells to drive T helper (Th) 2 cytokine production, and has been linked to allergic airway diseases. Although TSLP is produced by airway epithelium, TSLP production in laryngeal arytenoid fibroblasts remains largely unexplored. We examined the effect of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and the cross-talk that occurs among different TLR ligands on TSLP production in arytenoid fibroblasts. Since mRNA of TLR 2, 3, 4, and 9 has been found to be expressed in arytenoid fibroblasts, we examined the effect on its production of TLR ligands. TSLP production by arytenoid fibroblasts was strongly induced in the presence of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a ligand of TLR3. Its production was synergistically induced in the presence of IL-4, to a level more than 100 times higher than that observed in the absence of poly(I:C) or IL-4. We also revealed that B type DNA containing CpG motifs (CpG-DNA) coding for a TLR9 ligand markedly suppressed both poly(I:C)-induced and poly(I:C)-plus-IL-4-induced TSLP production. B type CpG-DNA decreased the poly(I:C)-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and pre-incubation with SP600125 (inhibitor of JNK) reduced the poly(I:C)-induced TSLP-production. These results indicate that human arytenoid fibroblasts strongly induce TSLP production with stimulation by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which can be inhibited by CpG-DNA and participate in immune allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takechiyo Yamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
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Li H, Zhao H, Yu J, Su Y, Cao S, An X, Ren X. Increased prevalence of regulatory T cells in the lung cancer microenvironment: a role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:1587-96. [PMID: 21681373 PMCID: PMC11028680 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Expansion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in tumor microenvironment was one of the mechanisms by which cancer cells escaped host defense. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) contributes to the generation of natural Tregs in thymus. Therefore, the purpose of this report was to investigate the role of TSLP in the increasing prevalence of Tregs in lung cancer microenvironment. The expression ratio of TSLP protein in tumor tissues was significantly increased compared with that in benign lesion and non-cancer lung tissue. The prevalence of Tregs in tumor microenvironment was correlated with the expression of TSLP in lung cancer. Dendritic cells (DCs) were induced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from lung cancer patients and left unstimulated (imDCs) or exposed to hTSLP (TSLP-DCs) or LPS (LPS-DCs). TSLP-DCs expressed intermediate levels of CD83 and high levels of CD86, CD11C, and HLA-DR, which showed a characteristic of less mature DCs. TSLP-DCs secreted low levels of IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ, and high levels of TGF-β and MDC. The percentage of Tregs in CD4+CD25- T cells cocultured with TSLP-DCs group was statistically higher than that of LPS-DCs and imDCs. Transwell assays showed that TSLP-DCs exhibited increased ability to attract the migration of CD4+CD25- Tregs, when compared with imDCs. These results indicated that TSLP proteins were expressed in lung tumor tissue and correlated with the prevalence of Tregs. TSLP-DCs could induce CD4+CD25- T cells to differentiate into CD4+CD25+foxp3+ T cells and the migration of CD4+CD25+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, 300060 Tianjin People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, 300060 Tianjin People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, 300060 Tianjin People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjun Su
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shui Cao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, 300060 Tianjin People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei An
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, 300060 Tianjin People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, 300060 Tianjin People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
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Kim JH, Jin HJ, Nam YH, Park HS. Role of TSLP in Nasal Polyp Inflammation. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2011; 3:146-7. [PMID: 21738879 PMCID: PMC3121055 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2011.3.3.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
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Abstract
Mast cells are multifunctional cells that initiate not only IgE-dependent allergic diseases but also play a fundamental role in innate and adaptive immune responses to microbial infection. They are also thought to play a role in angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, wound healing, and tumor repression or growth. The broad scope of these physiologic and pathologic roles illustrates the flexible nature of mast cells, which is enabled in part by their phenotypic adaptability to different tissue microenvironments and their ability to generate and release a diverse array of bioactive mediators in response to multiple types of cell-surface and cytosolic receptors. There is increasing evidence from studies in cell cultures that release of these mediators can be selectively modulated depending on the types or groups of receptors activated. The intent of this review is to foster interest in the interplay among mast cell receptors to help understand the underlying mechanisms for each of the immunological and non-immunological functions attributed to mast cells. The second intent of this review is to assess the pathophysiologic roles of mast cells and their products in health and disease. Although mast cells have a sufficient repertoire of bioactive mediators to mount effective innate and adaptive defense mechanisms against invading microorganisms, these same mediators can adversely affect surrounding tissues in the host, resulting in autoimmune disease as well as allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair M Gilfillan
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA.
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35
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Abstract
Mast cells have been regarded for a long time as effector cells in IgE mediated type I reactions and in host defence against parasites. However, they are resident in all environmental exposed tissues and express a wide variety of receptors, suggesting that these cells can also function as sentinels in innate immune responses. Indeed, studies have demonstrated an important role of mast cells during the induction of life-saving antibacterial responses. Furthermore, recent findings have shown that mast cells promote and modulate the development of adaptive immune responses, making them an important hinge of innate and acquired immunity. In addition, mast cells and several mast cell-produced mediators have been shown to be important during the development of allergic airway diseases. In the present review, we will summarize findings on the role of mast cells during the development of adaptive immune responses and highlight their function, especially during the development of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reuter
- III Medical Clinic, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstr 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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