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Zhou T, Lin L, Zhan Y, Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Wu M, Xue D, Chen L, Weng X, Huang Z. Bortezomib restrains M2 polarization and reduces CXCL16-associated CXCR6 +CD4 T cell chemotaxis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Mol Med 2024; 30:70. [PMID: 38789926 PMCID: PMC11127379 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of pulmonary fibrosis involves a cascade of events, in which inflammation mediated by immune cells plays a pivotal role. Chemotherapeutic drugs have been shown to have dual effects on fibrosis, with bleomycin exacerbating pulmonary fibrosis and bortezomib alleviating tissue fibrotic processes. Understanding the intricate interplay between chemotherapeutic drugs, immune responses, and pulmonary fibrosis is likely to serve as the foundation for crafting tailored therapeutic strategies. METHODS A model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis was established, followed by treatment with bortezomib. Tissue samples were collected for analysis of immune cell subsets and functional assessment by flow cytometry and in vitro cell experiments. Additionally, multi-omics analysis was conducted to further elucidate the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors, as well as the characteristics of cell populations. RESULTS Here, we observed that the expression of CXCL16 and CXCR6 was elevated in the lung tissue of a pulmonary fibrosis model. In the context of pulmonary fibrosis or TGF-β1 stimulation in vitro, macrophages exhibited an M2-polarized phenotype and secreted more CXCL16 than those of the control group. Moreover, flow cytometry revealed increased expression levels of CD69 and CXCR6 in pulmonary CD4 T cells during fibrosis progression. The administration of bortezomib alleviated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, accompanied by reduced ratio of M2-polarized macrophages and decreased accumulation of CD4 T cells expressing CXCR6. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insights into the key immune players involved in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and offer preclinical evidence supporting the repurposing strategy and combination approaches to reduce lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yawen Zhan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ziyao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mi Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dan Xue
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiufang Weng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Zhenghui Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Guan Q, Zhang Z, Zhao P, Huang L, Lu R, Liu C, Zhao Y, Shao X, Tian Y, Li J. Identification of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis hub genes and exploration of the mechanisms of action of Jinshui Huanxian formula. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112048. [PMID: 38593509 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common and heterogeneous chronic disease, and the mechanism of Jinshui Huanxian formula (JHF) on IPF remains unclear. For a total of 385 lung normal tissue samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, 37,777,639 gene pairs were identified through microarray and RNA-seq platforms. Using the individualized differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis algorithm RankComp (FDR < 0.01), we identified 344 genes as DEGs in at least 95 % (n = 81) of the IPF samples. Of these genes, IGF1, IFNGR1, GLI2, HMGCR, DNM1, KIF4A, and TNFRSF11A were identified as hub genes. These genes were verified using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in mice with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and MRC-5 cells, and they were highly effective at classifying IPF samples in the independent dataset GSE134692 (AUC = 0.587-0.788) and mice with PF (AUC = 0.806-1.000). Moreover, JHF ameliorated the pathological changes in mice with PF and significantly reversed the changes in hub gene expression (KIF4A, IFNGR1, and HMGCR). In conclusion, a series of IPF hub genes was identified, and validated in an independent dataset, mice with PF, and MRC-5 cells. Moreover, the abnormal gene expression was normalized by JHF. These findings provide guidance for further exploration of the pathogenesis and treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhou Guan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lidong Huang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruilong Lu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yakun Zhao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xuejie Shao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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3
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Xiao T, Gao D, Gu X, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, He Y, Wei L, Li H, Zhou H, Yang C. Flavokawain A ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway and CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 958:175981. [PMID: 37579968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive fibrotic lung disease characterized by myofibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition that has a high mortality rate and limited therapeutic options. Flavokawain A(FKA) is the major component of chalcone in kava extract. FKA has been reported to inhibit TGF-β1-induced cardiomyocyte fibrosis by suppressing ROS production in A7r5 cells, but the role and mechanism of FKA in pulmonary fibrosis are unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of FKA on pulmonary fibrosis using an animal model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and showed that FKA alleviated the development of pulmonary fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner and improved lung function as well as collagen deposition and extracellular matrix accumulation in mice. In vitro studies showed that FKA inhibited myofibroblast activation and lung fibrosis progression by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad signaling in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we identified CXCL12 as a potential target of FKA through target prediction. Molecular docking, CETSA(cellular thermal displacement assay) and silver staining assays further demonstrated that FKA could interact with CXCL12 and that FKA could inhibit CXCL12 dimerization in vitro. Further analysis revealed that FKA could inhibit fibroblast activation and reduce extracellular matrix (ECM) production and collagen deposition by blocking CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling, and knocking down CXCR4 expression could weaken the inhibitory effect of FKA on CXCL12/CXCR4 signal transduction. In conclusion, our study showed that FKA inhibited CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling by inhibiting CXCL12 dimerization, blocked the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway and inhibited the TGF-β1-mediated signaling pathway to ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis, and FKA is a promising therapeutic agent for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China.
| | - Dandi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Xiaoting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China.
| | - Yanping Zhang
- The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China
| | - Yiming He
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Luqing Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, No. 7 Beiyi Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300400, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, No. 7 Beiyi Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300400, China.
| | - Honggang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300353, China.
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The chemokine CCL1 triggers an AMFR-SPRY1 pathway that promotes differentiation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and drives pulmonary fibrosis. Immunity 2021; 54:2042-2056.e8. [PMID: 34407391 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation by the chemokine CCL1 is important in the pathology of inflammatory diseases. Here, we examined the role of CCL1 in pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from PF mouse models contained high amounts of CCL1, as did lung biopsies from PF patients. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed that alveolar macrophages and CD4+ T cells were major producers of CCL1 and targeted deletion of Ccl1 in these cells blunted pathology. Deletion of the CCL1 receptor Ccr8 in fibroblasts limited migration, but not activation, in response to CCL1. Mass spectrometry analyses of CCL1 complexes identified AMFR as a CCL1 receptor, and deletion of Amfr impaired fibroblast activation. Mechanistically, CCL1 binding triggered ubiquitination of the ERK inhibitor Spry1 by AMFR, thus activating Ras-mediated profibrotic protein synthesis. Antibody blockade of CCL1 ameliorated PF pathology, supporting the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway for treating fibroproliferative lung diseases.
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5
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Ghosh MC, Zhang DL, Ollivierre WH, Noguchi A, Springer DA, Linehan WM, Rouault TA. Therapeutic inhibition of HIF-2α reverses polycythemia and pulmonary hypertension in murine models of human diseases. Blood 2021; 137:2509-2519. [PMID: 33512384 PMCID: PMC8109019 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycythemia and pulmonary hypertension are 2 human diseases for which better therapies are needed. Upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) and its target genes, erythropoietin (EPO) and endothelin-1, causes polycythemia and pulmonary hypertension in patients with Chuvash polycythemia who are homozygous for the R200W mutation in the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene and in a murine mouse model of Chuvash polycythemia that bears the same homozygous VhlR200W mutation. Moreover, the aged VhlR200W mice developed pulmonary fibrosis, most likely due to the increased expression of Cxcl-12, another Hif-2α target. Patients with mutations in iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) also develop polycythemia, and Irp1-knockout (Irp1-KO) mice exhibit polycythemia, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac fibrosis attributable to translational derepression of Hif-2α, and the resultant high expression of the Hif-2α targets EPO, endothelin-1, and Cxcl-12. In this study, we inactivated Hif-2α with the second-generation allosteric HIF-2α inhibitor MK-6482 in VhlR200W, Irp1-KO, and double-mutant VhlR200W;Irp1-KO mice. MK-6482 treatment decreased EPO production and reversed polycythemia in all 3 mouse models. Drug treatment also decreased right ventricular pressure and mitigated pulmonary hypertension in VhlR200W, Irp1-KO, and VhlR200W;Irp1-KO mice to near normal wild-type levels and normalized the movement of the cardiac interventricular septum in VhlR200Wmice. MK-6482 treatment reduced the increased expression of Cxcl-12, which, in association with CXCR4, mediates fibrocyte influx into the lungs, potentially causing pulmonary fibrosis. Our results suggest that oral intake of MK-6482 could represent a new approach to treatment of patients with polycythemia, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, and complications caused by elevated expression of HIF-2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik C Ghosh
- Molecular Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
| | - De-Liang Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
| | - Wade H Ollivierre
- Molecular Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
| | - Audrey Noguchi
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and
| | | | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tracey A Rouault
- Molecular Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
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6
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CXCR4 + cells are increased in lung tissue of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2020; 21:221. [PMID: 32843095 PMCID: PMC7449054 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CXCR4, a transmembrane-receptor located on epithelial cells that is activated by CXCL12, may have a role in IPF via migration of CXCR4+ fibrocytes to the lung. However, its expression has not been fully characterised in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or other fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). CXCL12 is constitutively expressed in the bone marrow, and levels of CXCR4 regulate control of this signalling pathway. The aim of this study was to profile the expression of CXCR4 in lung tissue and peripheral circulation of patients with IPF and other fibrotic ILDs. METHODS Expression of CXCR4 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was examined by flow cytometry in 20 patients with IPF and 10 age-matched non-disease control (NDC) donors. Levels of CXCL12 in human plasma were measured by ELISA. Expression of CXCR4, CXCL12, CD45, and e-cadherin was assessed in IPF (n = 10), other fibrotic ILD (n = 8) and NDC (n = 10) lung tissue by multiplex immunohistochemistry (OPAL) and slides were scanned using a Vectra 3 scanner. Cells were quantified with computer automated histological analysis software (HALO). RESULTS In blood, the number of CXCR4+ cells was lower but the level of CXCL12 was higher in patients with IPF compared to NDC donors. Elevated CXCR4 expression was detected in lung tissue from patients with IPF and other fibrotic ILDs compared to NDC. There were higher levels of CXCR4+/e-cadherin+/CXCL12+ (epithelial) cells in IPF lung tissue compared to NDC, but there was no difference in the numbers of CXCR4+/CD45+/CXCL12+ (myeloid) cells between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS This report demonstrates that CXCR4 is overexpressed not only in IPF but also in other ILDs and expression is particularly prominent within both honeycomb cysts and distal airway epithelium. This observation supports the hypothesis that CXCR4 may drive tissue fibrosis through binding its specific ligand CXCL12. Although CXCR4 expressing cells could be either of epithelial or myeloid origin it appears that the former is more prominent in IPF lung tissue. Further characterization of the cells of the honeycomb cyst may lead to a better understanding of the fibrogenic processes in IPF and other end-stage fibrotic ILDs.
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Derlin T, Jaeger B, Jonigk D, Apel RM, Freise J, Shin HO, Weiberg D, Warnecke G, Ross TL, Wester HJ, Seeliger B, Welte T, Bengel FM, Prasse A. Clinical Molecular Imaging of Pulmonary CXCR4 Expression to Predict Outcome of Pirfenidone Treatment in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Chest 2020; 159:1094-1106. [PMID: 32822674 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease for which two antifibrotic drugs recently were approved. However, an unmet need exists to predict responses to antifibrotic treatment, such as pirfenidone. Recent data suggest that upregulated expression of CXCR4 is indicative of outcomes in IPF. RESEARCH QUESTION Can quantitative, molecular imaging of pulmonary CXCR4 expression as a biomarker for disease activity predict response to the targeted treatment pirfenidone and prognosis in patients with IPF? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS CXCR4 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry examination of lung tissues and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of BAL. PET-CT scanning with the specific CXCR4 ligand 68Ga-pentixafor was performed in 28 IPF patients and compared with baseline clinical characteristics. In 16 patients, a follow-up scan was obtained 6 to 12 weeks after initiation of treatment with pirfenidone. Patients were followed up in our outpatient clinic for ≥ 12 months. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry analysis showed high CXCR4 staining of epithelial cells and macrophages in areas with vast fibrotic remodeling. Targeted PET scanning revealed CXCR4 upregulation in fibrotic areas of the lungs, particularly in zones with subpleural honeycombing. Baseline CXCR4 signal demonstrated a significant correlation with Gender Age Physiology stage (r = 0.44; P = .02) and with high-resolution CT scan score (r = 0.38; P = .04). Early changes in CXCR4 signal after initiation of pirfenidone treatment correlated with the long-term course of FVC after 12 months (r = -0.75; P = .0008). Moreover, patients with a high pulmonary CXCR4 signal on follow-up PET scan after 6 weeks into treatment demonstrated a statistically significant worse outcome at 12 months (P = .002). In multiple regression analysis, pulmonary CXCR4 signal on follow-up PET scan emerged as the only independent predictor of long-term outcome (P = .0226). INTERPRETATION CXCR4-targeted PET imaging identified disease activity and predicted outcome of IPF patients treated with pirfenidone. It may serve as a future biomarker for personalized guidance of antifibrotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Derlin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benedikt Jaeger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rosa M Apel
- Department of Pulmonology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; DZL-BREATH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Freise
- Department of Pulmonology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; DZL-BREATH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hoen-Oh Shin
- Institute of Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Desiree Weiberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- Department of Heart, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias L Ross
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Benjamin Seeliger
- Department of Pulmonology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; DZL-BREATH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Pulmonology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; DZL-BREATH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank M Bengel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antje Prasse
- Department of Pulmonology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany; DZL-BREATH, Hannover, Germany.
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8
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Hernandez DM, Kang JH, Choudhury M, Andrianifahanana M, Yin X, Limper AH, Leof EB. IPF pathogenesis is dependent upon TGFβ induction of IGF-1. FASEB J 2020; 34:5363-5388. [PMID: 32067272 PMCID: PMC7136152 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901719rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), have some of the worst prognoses and affect millions of people worldwide. With unclear etiology and minimally effective therapies, two-thirds of IPF patients die within 2-5 years from this progressive interstitial lung disease. Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are known to promote fibrosis; however, myofibroblast specific upregulation of IGF-1 in the initiation and progression of TGFβ-induced fibrogenesis and IPF have remained unexplored. To address this, the current study (1) documents the upregulation of IGF-1 via TGFβ in myofibroblasts and fibrotic lung tissue, as well as its correlation with decreased pulmonary function in advanced IPF; (2) identifies IGF-1's C1 promoter as mediating the increase in IGF-1 transcription by TGFβ in pulmonary fibroblasts; (3) determines that SMAD2 and mTOR signaling are required for TGFβ-dependent Igf-1 expression in myofibroblasts; (4) demonstrates IGF-1R activation is essential to support TGFβ-driven profibrotic myofibroblast functions and excessive wound healing; and (5) establishes the effectiveness of slowing the progression of murine lung fibrosis with the IGF-1R inhibitor OSI-906. These findings expand our knowledge of IGF-1's role as a novel fibrotic-switch, bringing us one step closer to understanding the complex biological mechanisms responsible for fibrotic diseases and developing effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Hernandez
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Current Address: Department of Neurosurgery, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jeong-Han Kang
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Current Address: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Malay Choudhury
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mahefatiana Andrianifahanana
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xueqian Yin
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Current Address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andrew H. Limper
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Edward B. Leof
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) have contrasting clinical and pathological characteristics and interesting whole-genome transcriptomic profiles. However, data from public repositories are difficult to reprocess and reanalyze. Here, we present PulmonDB, a web-based database (http://pulmondb.liigh.unam.mx/) and R library that facilitates exploration of gene expression profiles for these diseases by integrating transcriptomic data and curated annotation from different sources. We demonstrated the value of this resource by presenting the expression of already well-known genes of COPD and IPF across multiple experiments and the results of two differential expression analyses in which we successfully identified differences and similarities. With this first version of PulmonDB, we create a new hypothesis and compare the two diseases from a transcriptomics perspective.
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10
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SarenacVulovic T, Pavlovic S, Lutovac M, Zdravkovic V, Sreckovic S, Zdravkovic N. Regulatory cytokines prescribe the outcome of the inflammation in the process of pseudoexfoliation production. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:935-940. [PMID: 31800535 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to reveal the participation of different regulatory cytokines within the process of pseudoexfoliation (PEX). METHODS Our study included 140 patients referred to cataract surgery with early and late stage of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS) or pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (XFG). Humor and serum levels of cytokines: transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), IL-8 and interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (ITAC) were measured in a sample using high sensitivity enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) kit. RESULTS Our results indicate that profibrotic action induced by increasing TGF-β and PDGF locally activates fibrous tissue production in the early XFS with a prolonged effect of PDGF (late XFS) and finally (XFG stage) it is dominantly controlled by EGF and IGF. ITAC overrides angiogenetic effects of IL-8 in XFG. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, local chronic inflammation in the eye is accompanied by the secretion of different profibrotic cytokines (TGF-β, PDGF, EGF, IGF, IL-8) without angiogenesis due to effects of ITAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana SarenacVulovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Center Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sladjana Pavlovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Mitar Lutovac
- University Union- Nikola Tesla, Belgrade, Serbia and The Balkans Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zdravkovic
- Department of Internal medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Center Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Suncica Sreckovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Center Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Zdravkovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia and The Balkans Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
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11
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Zhang H, Xiao B, Jiang L, Yao W, Shen H, Xiang X. Inhibition of mesenchymal stromal cells' chemotactic effect to ameliorate paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Toxicol Lett 2019; 307:1-10. [PMID: 30658152 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraquat (PQ) poisoning is one of the leading causes of suicide attempts in China signature by acute onset of respiratory distress with massive matrix production resulting in progressive pulmonary fibrosis. There is no specific antidote and mortality remains high without effective treatment available. The cellular mechanisms underlying PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine the origin of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) migrated to the lung after PQ exposure and their roles in PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis, to further explore the possible mechanisms involved in these processes, and to help finding novel therapies. METHODS We used a combination of lineage tracking techniques to investigate the contributions of several cells of MSCs, marked by Nestin or CXCL12, and traced their co-expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker for fibrosis, or their co-location with matrix production, marked by collagen-1 production (Col1-GFP) following PQ exposure. Then, we used a CXCL12flox/flox; Prx1-Cre mice and a pharmacologic agent AMD3100 to selectively deplete chemotactic mechanism of the MSCs, and tested pro-fibrotic pathways, fibrotic processes and survival of mice after PQ exposure. RESULTS Our results showed that after paraquat exposure, the residential Nestin + MSCs were quickly expanded and contributed to extracellular matrix production. Moreover, when we used a CXCL12flox/flox; Prx1-Cre mice to selectively deplete chemotactic mechanism of the MSC, we found that PQ exposure in these mice failed to activate pro-fibrotic pathways including TGF-β, Wnt and EGFR signaling. Furthermore, when the chemotactic effect of MSCs via CXCL12 was blocked by a pharmacologic agent, AMD3100, it alleviated the development of the fibrotic process and improved survival rate in mice exposed to PQ. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data suggest paraquat intoxication rapidly activated Nestin + MSCs and that blocking chemotactic effects of MSCs by perivascular CXCL12 inhibition may effectively protect pulmonary injury following paraquat exposure. Our results revealed a novel mechanism for post-PQ lung injury and indicated a novel therapeutic option to attenuate fibrosis induced by paraquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Emergency and Difficult Diseases Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Bing Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Emergency and Difficult Diseases Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Huahao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Xudong Xiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Emergency and Difficult Diseases Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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12
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Su Y, Nishimoto T, Hoffman S, Nguyen XX, Pilewski JM, Feghali-Bostwick C. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 exerts antifibrotic activity by reducing levels of connective tissue growth factor and the C-X-C chemokine receptor 4. FASEB Bioadv 2018; 1:167-179. [PMID: 31482149 PMCID: PMC6720120 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2018-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays an important role in variety cellular biological functions; we previously reported levels of IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) -3 and -5 are increased in dermal and pulmonary fibrosis associated with the prototypic fibrosing disease systemic sclerosis (SSc), induce extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and promote fibrosis. We sought to examine the effects of another member of the family, IGFBP-4, on ECM production and fibrosis using cell-based, ex vivo organ culture and in vivo mouse lung fibrosis models. IGFBP-4 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in pulmonary fibroblasts of patients with SSc. ECM components were significantly reduced by endogenous and exogenous IGFBP-4. IGFBP-4 also blocked TGFβ-induced ECM production, and inhibited ECM production ex vivo in human lung and skin in organ culture. In vivo, IGFBP-4 reduced bleomycin-induced collagen production and histologic evidence of fibrosis. Silencing IGFBP-4 expression to mimic levels observed in SSc lung fibroblasts resulted in increased ECM production. IGFBP-4 reduced mRNA and protein levels of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and the pro-fibrotic factor CTGF. Further, CTGF silencing potentiated the anti-fibrotic effects of IGFBP-4. Reduced IGFBP-4 levels in SSc lung fibroblasts may contribute to the fibrotic phenotype via loss of IGFBP-4 anti-fibrotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- YunYun Su
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| | - Tetsuya Nishimoto
- Deceased, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Stanley Hoffman
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| | - Xinh-Xinh Nguyen
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| | - Joseph M Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
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13
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Signaling in Lung Development and Inflammatory Lung Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6057589. [PMID: 30018981 PMCID: PMC6029485 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6057589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was firstly identified as a hormone that mediates the biological effects of growth hormone. Accumulating data have indicated the role of IGF-1 signaling pathway in lung development and diseases such as congenital disorders, cancers, inflammation, and fibrosis. IGF-1 signaling modulates the development and differentiation of many types of lung cells, including airway basal cells, club cells, alveolar epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. IGF-1 signaling deficiency results in alveolar hyperplasia in humans and disrupted lung architecture in animal models. The components of IGF-1 signaling pathways are potentiated as biomarkers as they are dysregulated locally or systemically in lung diseases, whereas data may be inconsistent or even paradoxical among different studies. The usage of IGF-1-based therapeutic agents urges for more researches in developmental disorders and inflammatory lung diseases, as the majority of current data are collected from limited number of animal experiments and are generally less exuberant than those in lung cancer. Elucidation of these questions by further bench-to-bedside researches may provide us with rational clinical diagnostic approaches and agents concerning IGF-1 signaling in lung diseases.
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14
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Weigold F, Günther J, Pfeiffenberger M, Cabral-Marques O, Siegert E, Dragun D, Philippe A, Regensburger AK, Recke A, Yu X, Petersen F, Catar R, Biesen R, Hiepe F, Burmester GR, Heidecke H, Riemekasten G. Antibodies against chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR4 predict progressive deterioration of lung function in patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:52. [PMID: 29566745 PMCID: PMC5863842 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR4 are involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, a key feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc). It is hypothesized that immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies (abs) against these two receptors are present in patients with SSc and are associated with clinical findings. Methods Anti-CXCR3 and anti-CXCR4 ab levels were measured in 449 sera from 327 SSc patients and in 234 sera from healthy donors (HD) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In SSc, ab levels were compared with clinical data in a cross-sectional and longitudinal setting. Protein expression of CXCR3 and CXCR4 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was analyzed in 17 SSc patients and 8 HD by flow cytometry. Results Anti-CXCR3 and anti-CXCR4 ab levels were different among SSc subgroups compared with HD and were highest in diffuse SSc patients. The ab levels strongly correlated with each other (r = 0.85). Patients with SSc-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) exhibited higher ab levels which negatively correlated with lung function parameters (e.g., r = −0.5 and r = −0.43 for predicted vital capacity, respectively). However, patients with deterioration of lung function showed lower anti-CXCR3/4 ab levels compared with those with stable disease. Frequencies and median fluorescence intensities (MFI) of CXCR3+ and CXCR4+ PBMCs were lower in SSc patients compared with HD and correlated with the severity of skin and lung fibrosis. They correlated with the severity of skin and lung fibrosis. Conclusions Anti-CXCR3/4 abs and their corresponding receptors are linked with the severity of SSc-ILD. Antibody levels discriminate patients with stable or decreasing lung function and could be used for risk stratification. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1545-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Weigold
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeannine Günther
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.,Cell Autoimmunity Group, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Elise Siegert
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Duska Dragun
- Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité University Hospital, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aurélie Philippe
- Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité University Hospital, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Recke
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Frank Petersen
- Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité University Hospital, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Biesen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Hiepe
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd R Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany. .,Cell Autoimmunity Group, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Rheumatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. .,Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.
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15
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Murray LA, Habiel DM, Hohmann M, Camelo A, Shang H, Zhou Y, Coelho AL, Peng X, Gulati M, Crestani B, Sleeman MA, Mustelin T, Moore MW, Ryu C, Osafo-Addo AD, Elias JA, Lee CG, Hu B, Herazo-Maya JD, Knight DA, Hogaboam CM, Herzog EL. Antifibrotic role of vascular endothelial growth factor in pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92192. [PMID: 28814671 PMCID: PMC5621899 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic progressive decline in lung function observed in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) appears to result from persistent nonresolving injury to the epithelium, impaired restitution of the epithelial barrier in the lung, and enhanced fibroblast activation. Thus, understanding these key mechanisms and pathways modulating both is essential to greater understanding of IPF pathogenesis. We examined the association of VEGF with the IPF disease state and preclinical models in vivo and in vitro. Tissue and circulating levels of VEGF were significantly reduced in patients with IPF, particularly in those with a rapidly progressive phenotype, compared with healthy controls. Lung-specific overexpression of VEGF significantly protected mice following intratracheal bleomycin challenge, with a decrease in fibrosis and bleomycin-induced cell death observed in the VEGF transgenic mice. In vitro, apoptotic endothelial cell–derived mediators enhanced epithelial cell injury and reduced epithelial wound closure. This process was rescued by VEGF pretreatment of the endothelial cells via a mechanism involving thrombospondin-1 (TSP1). Taken together, these data indicate beneficial roles for VEGF during lung fibrosis via modulating epithelial homeostasis through a previously unrecognized mechanism involving the endothelium. Elevated VEGF is associated with less severe disease in IPF patients, and VEGF overexpression ameliorates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David M Habiel
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Miriam Hohmann
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ana Camelo
- MedImmune Ltd., Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
| | - Huilan Shang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ana Lucia Coelho
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xueyan Peng
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mridu Gulati
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bruno Crestani
- APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de Compétences des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Paris, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM Unité 1152, Paris
| | | | | | - Meagan W Moore
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Changwan Ryu
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Jack A Elias
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Chun G Lee
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Buqu Hu
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Darryl A Knight
- Viva program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Cory M Hogaboam
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Erica L Herzog
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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16
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Bamdad S, Khademi B, Chenari N, Taseh A, Razmkhah M. Stromal cell derived factor-1, CXCR4 and CXCR7 gene transcripts in pterygia. J Curr Ophthalmol 2016; 29:28-32. [PMID: 28367523 PMCID: PMC5362384 DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pterygium is a pathologic process with angiogenic and tumor cell like characteristics. Chemokine and chemokine receptors may contribute to the formation and growth of pterygia. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of stromal cell derived factor (SDF)-1, as an angiogenic chemokine, and its receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7, gene transcripts in pterygia. METHODS RNA was extracted from tissue samples of 33 patients with primary pterygium and 35 volunteers with conjunctiva as the control group. Then the mRNA expression of SDF-1, CXCR4, and CXCR7 was assessed through quantitative Real Time PCR method using appropriate primers. RESULTS SDF-1 and both receptors transcripts had significantly higher expression in pterygia samples compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of CXCR7 transcript expression to CXCR4 was 26.4 in patients while it was 11 in controls. CONCLUSION As SDF-1 and its receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7, were up-regulated in pterygia, SDF-1/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis may contribute to pterygium formation which can be possibly restrained by down-regulating this signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Bamdad
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behzad Khademi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nooshin Chenari
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atta Taseh
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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17
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Ashley SL, Xia M, Murray S, O’Dwyer DN, Grant E, White ES, Flaherty KR, Martinez FJ, Moore BB. Six-SOMAmer Index Relating to Immune, Protease and Angiogenic Functions Predicts Progression in IPF. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159878. [PMID: 27490795 PMCID: PMC4973878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Biomarkers in easily accessible compartments like peripheral blood that can predict disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) would be clinically useful regarding clinical trial participation or treatment decisions for patients. In this study, we used unbiased proteomics to identify relevant disease progression biomarkers in IPF. METHODS Plasma from IPF patients was measured using an 1129 analyte slow off-rate modified aptamer (SOMAmer) array, and patient outcomes were followed over the next 80 weeks. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves evaluated sensitivity and specificity for levels of each biomarker and estimated area under the curve (AUC) when prognostic biomarker thresholds were used to predict disease progression. Both logistic and Cox regression models advised biomarker selection for a composite disease progression index; index biomarkers were weighted via expected progression-free days lost during follow-up with a biomarker on the unfavorable side of the threshold. RESULTS A six-analyte index, scaled 0 to 11, composed of markers of immune function, proteolysis and angiogenesis [high levels of ficolin-2 (FCN2), cathepsin-S (Cath-S), legumain (LGMN) and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFsR2), but low levels of inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS) or trypsin 3 (TRY3)] predicted better progression-free survival in IPF with a ROC AUC of 0.91. An index score ≥ 3 (group ≥ 2) was strongly associated with IPF progression after adjustment for age, gender, smoking status, immunomodulation, forced vital capacity % predicted and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide % predicted (HR 16.8, 95% CI 2.2-126.7, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION This index, derived from the largest proteomic analysis of IPF plasma samples to date, could be useful for clinical decision making in IPF, and the identified analytes suggest biological processes that may promote disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L. Ashley
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Meng Xia
- Biostatistics Department, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Susan Murray
- Biostatistics Department, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - David N. O’Dwyer
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Ethan Grant
- MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America
| | - Eric S. White
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Kevin R. Flaherty
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Fernando J. Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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18
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Du LL, Liu P. CXCL12/CXCR4 axis regulates neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis in sutured corneas in mice. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4987-94. [PMID: 27121088 PMCID: PMC4878552 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the plausible functional role of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12)/chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) in inflammatory corneal hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in vivo. Corneal hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were induced by placing an 11-0 nylon suture in an intrastromal position. The expression levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, CXCL12 and CXCR4 in the corneas were investigated in the corneas using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Corneal hemangiogenic and lymphangiogenic responses were assessed by immunofluorescence using specific antibodies against cluster of differentiation 31 and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1. Subconjunctival injection of AMD3100 to the sutured corneas was also performed. CXCL12/CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression levels increased markedly in suture-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV) and decreased with AMD3100 treatment. Hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were captured in images using immunofluorescence and were shown to be markedly increased with suture placement and reduced with AMD3100 treatment. VEGF-A/VEGFR-1 and VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 mRNA expression levels were upregulated in the suture placement and control groups, whereas the expression levels of all the factors were downregulated in the AMD3100 treatment group. The results from the present study demonstrated that CXCL12/CXCR4 interactions regulate hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in suture-induced CNV. AMD3100 may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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19
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Collins SL, Chan-Li Y, Oh M, Vigeland CL, Limjunyawong N, Mitzner W, Powell JD, Horton MR. Vaccinia vaccine-based immunotherapy arrests and reverses established pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e83116. [PMID: 27158671 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.83116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease without any cure. Both human disease and animal models demonstrate dysregulated wound healing and unregulated fibrogenesis in a background of low-grade chronic T lymphocyte infiltration. Tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) are emerging as important regulators of the immune microenvironment in response to pathogens, and we hypothesized that they might play a role in regulating the unremitting inflammation that promotes lung fibrosis. Herein, we demonstrate that lung-directed immunotherapy, in the form of i.n. vaccination, induces an antifibrotic T cell response capable of arresting and reversing lung fibrosis. In mice with established lung fibrosis, lung-specific T cell responses were able to reverse established pathology - as measured by decreased lung collagen, fibrocytes, and histologic injury - and improve physiologic function. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that this effect is mediated by vaccine-induced lung Trm. These data not only have implications for the development of immunotherapeutic regimens to treat IPF, but also suggest a role for targeting tissue-resident memory T cells to treat other tissue-specific inflammatory/autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Collins
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yee Chan-Li
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - MinHee Oh
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine L Vigeland
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathachit Limjunyawong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Program in Respiratory Biology and Lung Diseases, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Program in Respiratory Biology and Lung Diseases, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen R Horton
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Guzy RD, Stoilov I, Elton TJ, Mecham RP, Ornitz DM. Fibroblast growth factor 2 is required for epithelial recovery, but not for pulmonary fibrosis, in response to bleomycin. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:116-28. [PMID: 24988442 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0184oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis involves lung epithelial injury and aberrant proliferation of fibroblasts, and results in progressive pulmonary scarring and declining lung function. In vitro, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 promotes myofibroblast differentiation and proliferation in cooperation with the profibrotic growth factor, transforming growth factor-β1, but the in vivo requirement for FGF2 in the development of pulmonary fibrosis is not known. The bleomycin model of lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis was applied to Fgf2 knockout (Fgf2(-/-)) and littermate control mice. Weight loss, mortality, pulmonary fibrosis, and histology were analyzed after a single intranasal dose of bleomycin. Inflammation was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and epithelial barrier integrity was assessed by measuring BAL protein and Evans Blue dye permeability. Fgf2 is expressed in mouse and human lung epithelial and inflammatory cells, and, in response to bleomycin, Fgf2(-/-) mice have significantly increased mortality and weight loss. Analysis of BAL fluid and histology show that pulmonary fibrosis is unaltered, but Fgf2(-/-) mice fail to efficiently resolve inflammation, have increased BAL cellularity, and, importantly, deficient recovery of epithelial integrity. Fgf2(-/-) mice similarly have deficient recovery of club cell secretory protein(+) bronchial epithelium in response to naphthalene. We conclude that FGF2 is not required for bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, but rather is essential for epithelial repair and maintaining epithelial integrity after bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice. These data identify that FGF2 acts as a protective growth factor after lung epithelial injury, and call into question the role of FGF2 as a profibrotic growth factor in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Guzy
- Departments of 1 Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
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21
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Tredget EE, Levi B, Donelan MB. Biology and principles of scar management and burn reconstruction. Surg Clin North Am 2014; 94:793-815. [PMID: 25085089 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scarring is extremely common and is the source of most morbidity related to burns. The biology of hypertrophic healing is complex and poorly understood. Multiple host and injury factors contribute, but protracted healing of partial thickness injury is a common theme. Hypertrophic scarring and heterotopic ossification may share some basic causes involving marrow-derived cells. Several traditional clinical interventions exist to modify hypertrophic scar. All have limited efficacy. Laser interventions for scar modification show promise, but as yet do not provide a definitive solution. Their efficacy is only seen when used as part of a multimodality scar management program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Shriners Hospital for Children and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias B Donelan
- Shriners Hospital for Children and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Zhang WG, He L, Shi XM, Wu SS, Zhang B, Mei L, Xu YJ, Zhang ZX, Zhao JP, Zhang HL. Regulation of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells by the lung progenitor niche in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2014; 15:33. [PMID: 24661402 PMCID: PMC3987841 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell transplantation is a promising method for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have clinical potential for lung repair/regeneration. However, the rates of engraftment and differentiation are generally low following MSC therapy for lung injury. In previous studies, we constructed a pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A (SPA) suicide gene system, rAAV-SPA-TK, which induced apoptosis in alveolar epithelial type II (AT II) cells and vacated the AT II cell niche. We hypothesized that this system would increase the rates of MSC engraftment and repair in COPD rats. Methods The MSC engraftment rate and morphometric changes in lung tissue in vivo were investigated by in situ hybridization, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR. The expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), and relationship between HIF-1α and SDF-1 in a hypoxic cell model were analyzed by real-time PCR, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results rAAV-SPA-TK transfection increased the recruitment of MSCs but induced pulmonary fibrosis in COPD rats. HIF-1α and SDF-1 expression were enhanced after rAAV-SPA-TK transfection. Hypoxia increased the expression of HIF-1α and SDF-1 in the hypoxic cell model, and SDF-1 expression was augmented by HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions. Conclusions Vacant AT II cell niches increase the homing and recruitment of MSCs to the lung in COPD rats. MSCs play an important role in lung repair and promote collagen fiber deposition after induction of secondary damage in AT II cells by rAAV-SPA-TK, which involves HIF-1α and SDF-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui-Lan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jie Fang Road, Han Kou District, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Eleuteri E, Di Stefano A, Vallese D, Gnemmi I, Pitruzzella A, Tarro Genta F, Delle Donne L, Cappello F, Ricciardolo FLM, Giannuzzi P. Fibrosis markers and CRIM1 increase in chronic heart failure of increasing severity. Biomarkers 2014; 19:214-21. [PMID: 24617547 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.896946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis suppressors/activators in chronic heart failure (CHF) is a topic of investigation. AIM To quantify serum levels of fibrosis regulators in CHF. METHODS ELISA tests were used to quantify fibrosis regulators, procollagen type-(PIP)I, (PIP)III, collagen-I, III, BMP1,2,3,7, SDF1α, CXCR4, fibulin 1,2,3, BMPER, CRIM1 and BAMBI in 66 CHF (NYHA class I, n = 9; II, n = 34; III n = 23), and in 14 controls. RESULTS In CHF, TGFβR2, PIPIII, SDF1α and CRIM1 were increased. PIPIII correlated with CRIM1. CONCLUSIONS The BMPs inhibitor CRIM1 is increased and correlates with higher levels of serum PIPIII showing an imbalance in favor of pro-fibrotic mechanisms in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Eleuteri
- Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia Apparato Cardio-Respiratorio, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri , IRCCS, Veruno, NO , Italy
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24
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Gardner A, Borthwick LA, Fisher AJ. Lung epithelial wound healing in health and disease. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 4:647-60. [DOI: 10.1586/ers.10.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Antoniou KM, Samara KD, Lasithiotaki I, Margaritopoulos GA, Soufla G, Lambiri I, Giannarakis I, Drositis I, Spandidos DA, Siafakas NM. Differential telomerase expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2617-24. [PMID: 24067943 PMCID: PMC3839993 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase ribonucleo-protein (h-TERT) that synthesizes telomeric repeats using its RNA component (h-TERC) as a template. Telomerase dysfunction has been associated with both fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the telomerase mRNA expression levels of both subunits (h-TERT and h-TERC) in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), since there are indications of common pathogenetic pathways in these diseases. We prospectively examined lung tissue samples from 29 patients with IPF, 10 patients with NSCLC and 21 controls. Furthermore, we examined BALF samples from 31 patients with NSCLC, 23 patients with IPF and 12 control subjects. The mRNA expression for both h-TERT and h-TERC was measured by real-time RT-PCR. In the lung tissue samples, both h-TERT and h-TERC mRNA expression levels varied among the 3 groups (p=0.036 and p=0.002, respectively). h-TERT mRNA levels in the patients with IPF were lower compared with those in the controls (p=0.009) and patients with NSCLC (p=0.004). h-TERC mRNA levels in the patients with IPF were lower compared with those in the controls (p=0.0005) and patients with NSCLC (p=0.0004). In the BALF samples, h-TERT mRNA expression levels varied among the groups (p=0.012). More specifically, h-TERT mRNA levels in the patients with IPF were higher compared with those in the controls (p=0.03) and patients with NSCLC (p=0.007). The attenuation of telomerase gene expression in IPF in comparison to lung cancer suggests a differential role of this regulatory gene in fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis. Further functional studies are required in order to further elucidate the role of telomerase in these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Antoniou
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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26
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Vass S, Heck MM. Perturbation of invadolysin disrupts cell migration in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1198-212. [PMID: 23422038 PMCID: PMC3632754 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Invadolysin is an essential, conserved metalloprotease which links cell division with cell migration and is intriguingly associated with lipid droplets. In this work we examine the expression pattern, protein localisation and gross anatomical consequences of depleting invadolysin in the teleost Danio rerio. We observe that invadolysin plays a significant role in cell migration during development. When invadolysin is depleted by targeted morpholino injection, the appropriate deposition of neuromast clusters and distribution of melanophores are both disrupted. We also observe that blood vessels generated via angiogenesis are affected in invadolysin morphant fish while those formed by vasculogenesis appear normal, demonstrating an unanticipated role for invadolysin in vessel formation. Our results thus highlight a common feature shared by, and a requirement for invadolysin in, these distinct morphological events dependent on cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margarete M.S. Heck
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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The presence of Merkel cell polyomavirus is associated with deregulated expression ofBRAFandBcl-2genes in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:604-11. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Smadja DM, Mauge L, Nunes H, d'Audigier C, Juvin K, Borie R, Carton Z, Bertil S, Blanchard A, Crestani B, Valeyre D, Gaussem P, Israel-Biet D. Imbalance of circulating endothelial cells and progenitors in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Angiogenesis 2012; 16:147-57. [PMID: 22983452 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-012-9306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrogenesis during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is strongly associated with abnormal vascular remodeling. Respective abundance of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) might reflect the balance between vascular injury and repair and potentially serve as biomarkers of the disease. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We postulated that CEC and EPC subtypes might be differently modulated in IPF. Sixty-four consecutive patients with newly diagnosed IPF were prospectively enrolled and compared to thirteen healthy volunteers. CEC were counted with immunomagnetic CD146-coated beads; progenitors CD34+45(dim)/CD34+133+/CD34+KDR+were assessed through flow cytometry and EPC (colony-forming-units-Endothelial Cells, CFU-EC, and endothelial colonies forming cells, ECFC) were quantified by cell culture assays. RESULTS IPF patients were characterized by a marked increase in CEC associated to an EPC defect: both CD34(+)KDR(+) cells and CFU-EC were decreased versus controls. Moreover, in IPF subjects with a low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DL(CO)) < 40 %, CFU-EC and ECFC were higher compared to those with DL(CO) > 40 %. Finally, ECFC were negatively correlated with DL(CO). During an 18 month follow up, CEC levels increased in patients with exacerbation, including those who died during follow up. Finally, ECFC from patients with exacerbation proliferative potential was strongly increased. CONCLUSION IPF is basically associated with both a vascular injury and a repair defect. This study highlights an adaptative process of EPC mobilization in the most severe forms of IPF, that could reflect enhanced homing to the pulmonary vasculature, which clinical consequences remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Smadja
- Hematology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Université Paris Descartes, France.
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Lasithiotaki I, Antoniou KM, Vlahava VM, Karagiannis K, Spandidos DA, Siafakas NM, Sourvinos G. Detection of herpes simplex virus type-1 in patients with fibrotic lung diseases. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27800. [PMID: 22205929 PMCID: PMC3243679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study intends to investigate i) the incidence of herpes viruses including Herpes Simplex Virus type-1 (HSV-1), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Human Herpes Virus -6, -7, -8 (HHV6, HHV7, HHV8) in two biological samples, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue biopsy, in different forms of pulmonary fibrosis, and ii) the induction of molecular pathways involved in fibrosis by herpesvirus infection in primary cell cultures. PCR was employed for the detection of CMV, HHV6-8 and HSV-1 DNA in lung specimens (4 controls and 11 IPF specimens) and BALF pellet [6 controls and 20 fibrotic Idiopathic Intestitial Pneumonias (f-IIPs) samples: 13 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and 7 nonspecific idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (NSIP)] samples. Among all herpesviruses tested, HSV-1 was detected in 1/11 (9%) specimens from IPF lung tissue and in 2/20 (10%) samples of f-IIPs BALF whereas the control group was negative. Primary cell cultures from BALF of patients with IPF and healthy controls were infected in vitro with wild-type HSV-1 virus and Real Time PCR was employed for the detection of gene transcription of specific axes implicated in lung fibrosis. Primary cell cultures were permissive to HSV-1, resulting in an upregulation of the fibrotic growth factors TGFβ1 and FGF, the angiogenetic markers SDF1a, SDF1b, VEGF, FGF and the regulators of tissue wound healing MMP9 and CCR7. Downregulation was noted for the CXCR4 and MMP2 genes, while a different response has been detected in healthy donors regarding the expression of the aforementioned markers. These results implicate for the first time the HSV-1 with Fibrotic Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias since the virus presented similar incidence in two different biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismini Lasithiotaki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pulmonology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina M. Antoniou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pulmonology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Karagiannis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pulmonology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos M. Siafakas
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Sourvinos
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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30
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Margaritopoulos GA, Antoniou KM, Soufla G, Vassalou E, Spandidos DA, Siafakas NM. Yin Yang-1(YY-1) expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2011; 31:188-91. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2011.557735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Antoniou KM, Margaritopoulos GA, Soufla G, Symvoulakis E, Vassalou E, Lymbouridou R, Samara KD, Kappou D, Spandidos DA, Siafakas NM. Expression analysis of Akt and MAPK signaling pathways in lung tissue of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2010; 30:262-9. [PMID: 20536315 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2010.489227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Several studies in patients with lung cancer have shown that epidermal growth factor receptor regulates various tumorigenic processes through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin and Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk (mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)) signalling pathways. The aim of our study is to evaluate whether these pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and to seek indirect evidence of a common pathogenetic pathway with lung cancer. m-RNA expression of oncogenes participating in these two signaling pathways, as well as the combined m-RNA expression of the suppressor genes R-kip and p53 in lung tissue of patients with IPF were evaluated. BASIC PROCEDURES The study population was composed by two distinct groups. Patients with IPF (n = 25) and control subjects who underwent thoracic surgery for reasons other than interstitial lung disease (n = 10). Expression analysis of the aforementioned oncogenes and suppressor genes was performed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. MAIN FINDINGS We found no difference in the overall m- RNA expression between controls and IPF in both investigated pathways. However, Braf has been overexpressed in IPF samples (P = 0.01) in contrast with K-ras that has been found downregulated (P < 0.001) in comparison with controls. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS These findings cannot exclude the hypothesis of involvement of Akt and MAPK signalling pathways in pathogenesis of IPF. However, further investigation is needed in order to verify these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina M Antoniou
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2010; 22:704-12. [PMID: 20881793 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e3283404094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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