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Tuppurainen J, Paakkari P, Jäntti J, Nissinen MT, Fugazzola MC, van Weeren R, Ylisiurua S, Nieminen MT, Kröger H, Snyder BD, Joenathan A, Grinstaff MW, Matikka H, Korhonen RK, Mäkelä JTA. Revealing Detailed Cartilage Function Through Nanoparticle Diffusion Imaging: A Computed Tomography & Finite Element Study. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:2584-2595. [PMID: 39012563 PMCID: PMC11329549 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The ability of articular cartilage to withstand significant mechanical stresses during activities, such as walking or running, relies on its distinctive structure. Integrating detailed tissue properties into subject-specific biomechanical models is challenging due to the complexity of analyzing these characteristics. This limitation compromises the accuracy of models in replicating cartilage function and impacts predictive capabilities. To address this, methods revealing cartilage function at the constituent-specific level are essential. In this study, we demonstrated that computational modeling derived individual constituent-specific biomechanical properties could be predicted by a novel nanoparticle contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CECT) method. We imaged articular cartilage samples collected from the equine stifle joint (n = 60) using contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (µCECT) to determine contrast agents' intake within the samples, and compared those to cartilage functional properties, derived from a fibril-reinforced poroelastic finite element model. Two distinct imaging techniques were investigated: conventional energy-integrating µCECT employing a cationic tantalum oxide nanoparticle (Ta2O5-cNP) contrast agent and novel photon-counting µCECT utilizing a dual-contrast agent, comprising Ta2O5-cNP and neutral iodixanol. The results demonstrate the capacity to evaluate fibrillar and non-fibrillar functionality of cartilage, along with permeability-affected fluid flow in cartilage. This finding indicates the feasibility of incorporating these specific functional properties into biomechanical computational models, holding potential for personalized approaches to cartilage diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juuso Tuppurainen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Petri Paakkari
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jiri Jäntti
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko T Nissinen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria C Fugazzola
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René van Weeren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sampo Ylisiurua
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Miika T Nieminen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Kröger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Brian D Snyder
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Anisha Joenathan
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Hanna Matikka
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janne T A Mäkelä
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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2
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Fugazzola M, Nissinen MT, Jäntti J, Tuppurainen J, Plomp S, Te Moller N, Mäkelä JTA, van Weeren R. Composition, architecture and biomechanical properties of articular cartilage in differently loaded areas of the equine stifle. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:573-585. [PMID: 37376723 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strategies for articular cartilage repair need to take into account topographical differences in tissue composition and architecture to achieve durable functional outcome. These have not yet been investigated in the equine stifle. OBJECTIVES To analyse the biochemical composition and architecture of three differently loaded areas of the equine stifle. We hypothesise that site differences correlate with the biomechanical characteristics of the cartilage. STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo study. METHODS Thirty osteochondral plugs per location were harvested from the lateral trochlear ridge (LTR), the distal intertrochlear groove (DITG) and the medial femoral condyle (MFC). These underwent biochemical, biomechanical and structural analysis. A linear mixed model with location as a fixed factor and horse as a random factor was applied, followed by pair-wise comparisons of estimated means with false discovery rate correction, to test for differences between locations. Correlations between biochemical and biomechanical parameters were tested using Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS Glycosaminoglycan content was different between all sites (estimated mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] for LTR 75.4 [64.5, 88.2], for intercondylar notch (ICN) 37.3 [31.9, 43.6], for MFC 93.7 [80.1109.6] μg/mg dry weight), as were equilibrium modulus (LTR2.20 [1.96, 2.46], ICN0.48 [0.37, 0.6], MFC1.36 [1.17, 1.56] MPa), dynamic modulus (LTR7.33 [6.54, 8.17], ICN4.38 [3.77, 5.03], MFC5.62 [4.93, 6.36] MPa) and viscosity (LTR7.49 [6.76, 8.26], ICN16.99 [15.88, 18.14], MFC8.7 [7.91,9.5]°). The two weightbearing areas (LTR and MCF) and the non-weightbearing area (ICN) differed in collagen content (LTR 139 [127, 152], ICN176[162, 191], MFC 127[115, 139] μg/mg dry weight), parallelism index and angle of collagen fibres. The strongest correlations were between proteoglycan content and equilibrium modulus (r: 0.642; p: 0.001), dynamic modulus (r: 0.554; p < 0.001) and phase shift (r: -0.675; p < 0.001), and between collagen orientation angle and equilibrium modulus (r: -0.612; p < 0.001), dynamic modulus (r: -0.424; p < 0.001) and phase shift (r: 0.609; p < 0.001). MAIN LIMITATIONS Only a single sample per location was analysed. CONCLUSIONS There were significant differences in cartilage biochemical composition, biomechanics and architecture between the three differently loaded sites. The biochemical and structural composition correlated with the mechanical characteristics. These differences need to be acknowledged by designing cartilage repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fugazzola
- Department of Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mikko T Nissinen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jiri Jäntti
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juuso Tuppurainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Saskia Plomp
- Department of Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nikae Te Moller
- Department of Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janne T A Mäkelä
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rene van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Belluzzi E, Todros S, Pozzuoli A, Ruggieri P, Carniel EL, Berardo A. Human Cartilage Biomechanics: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches towards the Identification of Mechanical Properties in Healthy and Osteoarthritic Conditions. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11041014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a complex connective tissue with the fundamental functions of load bearing, shock absorption and lubrication in joints. However, traumatic events, aging and degenerative pathologies may affect its structural integrity and function, causing pain and long-term disability. Osteoarthritis represents a health issue, which concerns an increasing number of people worldwide. Moreover, it has been observed that this pathology also affects the mechanical behavior of the articular cartilage. To better understand this correlation, the here proposed review analyzes the physiological aspects that influence cartilage microstructure and biomechanics, with a special focus on the pathological changes caused by osteoarthritis. Particularly, the experimental data on human articular cartilage are presented with reference to different techniques adopted for mechanical testing and the related theoretical mechanical models usually applied to articular cartilage are briefly discussed.
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Nissinen MT, Hänninen N, Prakash M, Mäkelä JTA, Nissi MJ, Töyräs J, Nieminen MT, Korhonen RK, Tanska P. Functional and structural properties of human patellar articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. J Biomech 2021; 126:110634. [PMID: 34454206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the fibril-reinforced poroelastic (FRPE) mechanical material parameters of human patellar cartilage at different stages of osteoarthritis (OA) are not known. Further, the patellofemoral joint loading is thought to include more sliding and shear compared to other knee joint locations, thus, the relations between structural and functional changes may differ in OA. Thus, our aim was to determine the patellar cartilage FRPE properties followed by associating them with the structure and composition. Osteochondral plugs (n = 14) were harvested from the patellae of six cadavers. Then, the FRPE material properties were determined, and those properties were associated with proteoglycan content, collagen fibril orientation angle, optical retardation (fibril parallelism), and the state of OA of the samples. The initial fibril network modulus and permeability strain-dependency factor were 72% and 63% smaller in advanced OA samples when compared to early OA samples. Further, we observed a negative association between the initial fibril network modulus and optical retardation (r = -0.537, p < 0.05). We also observed positive associations between 1) the initial permeability and optical retardation (r = 0.547, p < 0.05), and 2) the initial fibril network modulus and optical density (r = 0.670, p < 0.01).These results suggest that the reduced pretension of the collagen fibrils, as shown by the reduced initial fibril network modulus, is linked with the loss of proteoglycans and cartilage swelling in human patellofemoral OA. The characterization of these changes is important to improve the representativeness of knee joint models in tissue and cell scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko T Nissinen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Nina Hänninen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics, and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mithilesh Prakash
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janne T A Mäkelä
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko J Nissi
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics, and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Miika T Nieminen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics, and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Tanska
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Nelson BB, Mäkelä JTA, Lawson TB, Patwa AN, Snyder BD, McIlwraith CW, Grinstaff MW, Goodrich LR, Kawcak CE. Cationic contrast-enhanced computed tomography distinguishes between reparative, degenerative, and healthy equine articular cartilage. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1647-1657. [PMID: 33104251 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cationic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is a quantitative imaging technique that characterizes articular cartilage, though its efficacy in differentiating repair tissue from other disease states is undetermined. We hypothesized that cationic CECT attenuation will distinguish between reparative, degenerative, and healthy equine articular cartilage and will reflect biochemical, mechanical, and histologic properties. Chondral defects were created in vivo on equine femoropatellar joint surfaces. Within defects, calcified cartilage was retained (Repair 1) or removed (Repair 2). At sacrifice, plugs were collected from within defects, and at locations bordering (adjacent site) and remote to defects along with site-matched controls. Articular cartilage was analyzed via CECT using CA4+ to assess glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, compressive modulus (E eq ), and International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) II histologic score. Comparisons of variables were made between sites using mixed model analysis and between variables with correlations. Cationic CECT attenuation was significantly lower in Repair 1 (1478 ± 333 Hounsfield units [HUs]), Repair 2 (1229 ± 191 HUs), and adjacent (2139 ± 336 HUs) sites when compared with site-matched controls (2587 ± 298, 2505 ± 184, and 2563 ± 538 HUs, respectively; all p < .0001). Cationic CECT attenuation was significantly higher at remote sites (2928 ± 420 HUs) compared with Repair 1, Repair 2, and adjacent sites (all p < .0001). Cationic CECT attenuation correlated with ICRS II score (r = .79), GAG (r = .76), and E eq (r = .71; all p < .0001). Cationic CECT distinguishes between reparative, degenerative, and healthy articular cartilage and highly correlates with biochemical, mechanical, and histological tissue properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad B Nelson
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Janne T A Mäkelä
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Departments of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taylor B Lawson
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amit N Patwa
- Departments of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Deparment of Chemistry, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Brian D Snyder
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C Wayne McIlwraith
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Departments of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laurie R Goodrich
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Chris E Kawcak
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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6
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Nelson BB, Mäkelä JTA, Lawson TB, Patwa AN, Barrett MF, McIlwraith CW, Hurtig MB, Snyder BD, Moorman VJ, Grinstaff MW, Goodrich LR, Kawcak CE. Evaluation of equine articular cartilage degeneration after mechanical impact injury using cationic contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1219-1228. [PMID: 31075424 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cationic agent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (cationic CECT) characterizes articular cartilage ex vivo, however, its capacity to detect post-traumatic injury is unknown. The study objectives were to correlate cationic CECT attenuation with biochemical, mechanical and histological properties of cartilage and morphologic computed tomography (CT) measures of bone, and to determine the ability of cationic CECT to distinguish subtly damaged from normal cartilage in an in vivo equine model. DESIGN Mechanical impact injury was initiated in equine femoropatellar joints in vivo to establish subtle cartilage degeneration with site-matched controls. Cationic CECT was performed in vivo (clinical) and postmortem (microCT). Articular cartilage was characterized by glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, biochemical moduli and histological scores. Bone was characterized by volume density (BV/TV) and trabecular number (Tb.N.), thickness (Tb.Th.) and spacing (Tb.Sp.). RESULTS Cationic CECT attenuation (microCT) of cartilage correlated with GAG (r = 0.74, P < 0.0001), compressive modulus (Eeq) (r = 0.79, P < 0.0001) and safranin-O histological score (r = -0.66, P < 0.0001) of cartilage, and correlated with BV/TV (r = 0.37, P = 0.0005), Tb.N. (r = 0.39, P = 0.0003), Tb.Th. (r = 0.28, P = 0.0095) and Tb.Sp. (r = -0.44, P < 0.0001) of bone. Mean [95% CI] cationic CECT attenuation at the impact site (2215 [1987, 2443] Hounsfield Units [HUs]) was lower than site-matched controls (2836 [2490, 3182] HUs, P = 0.036). Clinical cationic CECT attenuation correlated with GAG (r = 0.23, P = 0.049), Eeq (r = 0.26, P = 0.025) and safranin-O histology score (r = -0.32, P = 0.0046). CONCLUSIONS Cationic CECT (microCT) reflects articular cartilage properties enabling segregation of subtly degenerated from healthy tissue and also reflects bone morphometric properties on CT. Cationic CECT is capable of characterizing articular cartilage in clinical scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Nelson
- Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J T A Mäkelä
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T B Lawson
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A N Patwa
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; SLSE (Chemistry), Navrachana University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - M F Barrett
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - C W McIlwraith
- Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M B Hurtig
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - B D Snyder
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V J Moorman
- Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M W Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L R Goodrich
- Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - C E Kawcak
- Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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7
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Ojanen SP, Finnilä MAJ, Reunamo AE, Ronkainen AP, Mikkonen S, Herzog W, Saarakkala S, Korhonen RK. Site-specific glycosaminoglycan content is better maintained in the pericellular matrix than the extracellular matrix in early post-traumatic osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196203. [PMID: 29694389 PMCID: PMC5919041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction One of the characteristics of early osteoarthritis (OA) is the loss of fixed charged density (FCD) of glycosaminoglycans in the superficial zone of articular cartilage. However, possible local changes in the FCD content of the pericellular matrix (PCM) are not fully understood. Hence, our aim was to investigate the effect of unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in rabbit knees on estimated FCD in the PCM compared to that in the ECM, and relate these results with cell morphology. Methods Articular cartilage samples were collected from ACLT, contralateral and intact control knee joints from lateral and medial femoral condyles and tibial plateaus, and from the femoral groove and patella. Histological samples were prepared and stained with Safranin-O to estimate the FCD content around the chondrocytes in the PCM and the ECM with digital densitometry. Results As a result of ACLT, the greatest decreases in the FCD content of the PCM were observed in the superficial zone of the lateral femoral condyle (p = 0.02), medial tibial plateau (p = 0.002) and patellar (p < 0.001) cartilage. The normalized FCD content of the PCM compared to the surrounding ECM was increased most in the femoral condyles (p < 0.01) and medial tibial plateau (p = 0.02) cartilage. The high normalized FCD content of the PCM in the superficial zone of lateral femoral condyle cartilage was consistent with the round cell morphology in that location. Conclusions In conclusion, we suggest that certain sites in the knee joint, particularly the lateral femoral condyle cartilage, experience less FCD loss in the PCM than in the ECM in early post-traumatic OA, which could lead to altered cell shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simo P. Ojanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Mikko A. J. Finnilä
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aino E. Reunamo
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ari P. Ronkainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Santtu Mikkonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Walter Herzog
- Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, AB, Calgary, Canada
- Human performance laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, AB, Calgary, Canada
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Rami K. Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Roczniak W, Brodziak-Dopierała B, Cipora E, Jakóbik-Kolon A, Kluczka J, Babuśka-Roczniak M. Factors that Affect the Content of Cadmium, Nickel, Copper and Zinc in Tissues of the Knee Joint. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 178:201-209. [PMID: 28070864 PMCID: PMC5506214 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis causes the degradation of the articular cartilage and periarticular bones. Trace elements influence the growth, development and condition of the bone tissue. Changes to the mineral composition of the bone tissue can cause degenerative changes and fractures. The aim of the research was to determine the content of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the tibia, the femur and the meniscus in men and women who underwent a knee replacement surgery. Samples were collected from 50 patients, including 36 women and 14 men. The determination of trace elements content were performed by ICP-AES method, using Varian 710-ES. Average concentration in the tissues of the knee joint teeth amounted for cadmium 0.015, nickel 0.60, copper 0.89 and zinc 80.81 mg/kg wet weight. There were statistically significant differences in the content of cadmium, copper and zinc in different parts of the knee joint. There were no statistically significant differences in the content of cadmium, nickel, copper and zinc in women and men in the examined parts of the knee joint. Among the elements tested, copper and nickel showed a high content in the connective tissue (the meniscus) compared to the bone tissue (the tibia and the femur).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Roczniak
- Medical Institute, The Jan Grodek Higher Vocational State School, 21 Mickiewicza Str. 38-500, Sanok, Poland
| | - Barbara Brodziak-Dopierała
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Silesia, 4 Jagiellonska Str. 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Cipora
- Medical Institute, The Jan Grodek Higher Vocational State School, 21 Mickiewicza Str. 38-500, Sanok, Poland
| | - Agata Jakóbik-Kolon
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 6 B. Krzywoustego Str. 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Kluczka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 6 B. Krzywoustego Str. 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Babuśka-Roczniak
- Medical Institute, The Jan Grodek Higher Vocational State School, 21 Mickiewicza Str. 38-500, Sanok, Poland
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9
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Near Infrared Spectroscopic Mapping of Functional Properties of Equine Articular Cartilage. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:3335-3345. [PMID: 27234817 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of articular cartilage are vital for normal joint function, which can be severely compromised by injuries. Quantitative characterization of cartilage injuries, and evaluation of cartilage stiffness and thickness by means of conventional arthroscopy is poorly reproducible or impossible. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for predicting and mapping the functional properties of equine articular cartilage at and around lesion sites. Lesion and non-lesion areas of interests (AI, N = 44) of equine joints (N = 5) were divided into grids and NIR spectra were acquired from all grid points (N = 869). Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to investigate the correlation between the absorbance spectra and thickness, equilibrium modulus, dynamic modulus, and instantaneous modulus at the grid points of 41 AIs. Subsequently, the developed PLS models were validated with spectral data from the grid points of 3 independent AIs. Significant correlations were obtained between spectral data and cartilage thickness (R 2 = 70.3%, p < 0.0001), equilibrium modulus (R 2 = 67.8%, p < 0.0001), dynamic modulus (R 2 = 68.9%, p < 0.0001) and instantaneous modulus (R 2 = 41.8%, p < 0.0001). Relatively low errors were observed in the predicted thickness (5.9%) and instantaneous modulus (9.0%) maps. Thus, if well implemented, NIR spectroscopy could enable arthroscopic evaluation and mapping of cartilage functional properties at and around lesion sites.
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Orth P, Peifer C, Goebel L, Cucchiarini M, Madry H. Comprehensive analysis of translational osteochondral repair: Focus on the histological assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 50:19-36. [PMID: 26515165 DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage guarantees for an optimal functioning of diarthrodial joints by providing a gliding surface for smooth articulation, weight distribution, and shock absorbing while the subchondral bone plays a crucial role in its biomechanical and nutritive support. Both tissues together form the osteochondral unit. The structural assessment of the osteochondral unit is now considered the key standard procedure for evaluating articular cartilage repair in translational animal models. The aim of this review is to give a detailed overview of the different methods for a comprehensive evaluation of osteochondral repair. The main focus is on the histological assessment as the gold standard, together with immunohistochemistry, and polarized light microscopy. Additionally, standards of macroscopic, non-destructive imaging such as high resolution MRI and micro-CT, biochemical, and molecular biological evaluations are addressed. Potential pitfalls of analysis are outlined. A second focus is to suggest recommendations for osteochondral evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Orth
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics and Osteoarthritis Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse 100, Building 37, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Strasse 100, Building 37, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Carolin Peifer
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics and Osteoarthritis Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse 100, Building 37, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Lars Goebel
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics and Osteoarthritis Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse 100, Building 37, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Strasse 100, Building 37, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics and Osteoarthritis Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse 100, Building 37, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics and Osteoarthritis Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse 100, Building 37, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Strasse 100, Building 37, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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