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Angerett NR, Chen Z, Kromka JJ, Muzio AE, Kahan ME, Ingari JV, Maurer RJ. Rare septic arthritis of the wrist and carpus primary osteoarticular manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2022; 10:2050313X221102004. [PMID: 35619746 PMCID: PMC9127846 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x221102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the oldest and most studied infections, yet it remains one of the most common causes of infection-related death worldwide. The majority concern pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, extrapulmonary cases are rare and are often neglected in the differential diagnosis, especially in chronic musculoskeletal complaints. Nevertheless, osteoarticular manifestation of tuberculosis can cause disabling destruction of bone, cartilage, and surrounding soft tissues which may be exacerbated by a delay in diagnosis. This case report documents a case of primary osteoarticular tuberculosis causing septic arthritis of the wrist and carpus. In our case, the patient had no pulmonary burden of tuberculosis, which further delayed diagnosis and lead to irreversible damage to the wrist as well as carpus. This case illustrates the need to consider this diagnosis in at risk populations in order to prevent a delay in diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Angerett
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Pinnacle, Harrisburg, PA, USA
- Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhongming Chen
- Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph J Kromka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna E Muzio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Pinnacle, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - Michael E Kahan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Pinnacle, Harrisburg, PA, USA
- Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John V Ingari
- Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Maurer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Pinnacle, Harrisburg, PA, USA
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Muir AJT, Niehaus AJ, Lozier JW, Cole SL, Belacic ZA, Ballash GA, Durgam SS. Autologous platelet-rich plasma effects on Staphylococcus aureus-induced chondrocyte death in an in vitro bovine septic arthritis model. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:119-126. [PMID: 34851853 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.01.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the chondroprotective effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), ampicillin-sulbactam (AmpS), or PRP combined with AmpS (PRP+AmpS) in an in vitro chondrocyte explant model of bovine Staphylococcus aureus-induced septic arthritis. SAMPLE Autologous PRP and cartilage explants obtained from 6 healthy, adult, nonlactating Jersey-crossbred cows. ProcedureS Autologous PRP was prepared prior to euthanasia using an optimized double centrifugation protocol. Cartilage explants collected from grossly normal stifle joints were incubated in synovial fluid (SF) alone, S aureus-inoculated SF (SA), or SA supplemented with PRP (25% culture medium volume), AmpS (2 mg/mL), or both PRP (25% culture medium volume) and AmpS (2 mg/mL; PRP+AmpS) for 24 hours. The metabolic activity, percentage of dead cells, and glycosaminoglycan content of cartilage explants were measured with a resazurin-based assay, live-dead cell staining, and dimethylmethylene blue assay, respectively. Treatment effects were assessed relative to the findings for cartilage explants incubated in SF alone. RESULTS Application of PRP, AmpS, and PRP+AmpS treatments significantly reduced S aureus-induced chondrocyte death (ie, increased metabolic activity and cell viability staining) in cartilage explants, compared with untreated controls. There were no significant differences in chondrocyte death among explants treated with PRP, AmpS, or PRP+AmpS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this in vitro explant model of S aureus-induced septic arthritis, PRP, AmpS, and PRP+AmpS treatments mitigated chondrocyte death. Additional work to confirm the efficacy of PRP with bacteria commonly associated with clinical septic arthritis in cattle as well as in vivo evaluation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J T Muir
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Andrew J Niehaus
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Joseph W Lozier
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sara L Cole
- Optical Microscopy Core, Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Zarah A Belacic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Gregory A Ballash
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sushmitha S Durgam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Camargo Garbin L, Morris MJ. A Comparative Review of Autologous Conditioned Serum and Autologous Protein Solution for Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Horses. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:602978. [PMID: 33681323 PMCID: PMC7933025 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.602978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Many alternative treatments aimed at modulating osteoarthritis (OA) progression have been developed in the past decades, including the use of cytokine inhibitors. IL-1β is considered one of the most impactful cytokines in OA disease and therefore, its blockage offers a promising approach for the modulation of OA. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory protein belonging to the IL-1 family that competes with IL-1β for occupancy of its receptors, without triggering the same downstream inflammatory response. Because of its natural anti-inflammatory properties, different methods have been proposed to use IL-1Ra therapeutically in OA. Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) and autologous protein solution (APS) are blood-derived products produced with the use of specialized commercial kits. These processes result in hemoderivatives with high concentrations of IL-1Ra and other cytokines and growth factors with potential modulatory effects on OA progression. Several studies have demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory effect of these therapies with promising clinical results. However, as with any hemoderivatives, clinical outcomes may vary. For optimal therapeutic use, further research is warranted for a more comprehensive understanding of the product's composition and interaction of its components in joint inflammation. Additionally, differences between ACS and APS treatments may not be clear for many clients and clinicians. Thus, the objective of this narrative review is to guide the reader in important aspects of ACS and APS therapies, in vitro and in vivo applications and to compare the use of both treatments in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Camargo Garbin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Michael J Morris
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Ziegler CG, Van Sloun R, Gonzalez S, Whitney KE, DePhillipo NN, Kennedy MI, Dornan GJ, Evans TA, Huard J, LaPrade RF. Characterization of Growth Factors, Cytokines, and Chemokines in Bone Marrow Concentrate and Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Prospective Analysis. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:2174-2187. [PMID: 31034242 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519832003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow concentrate (BMC) are orthobiologic therapies with numerous growth factors and other bioactive molecules. Before the clinical utility of PRP and BMC is optimized as a combined therapy or monotherapy, an improved understanding of the components and respective concentrations is necessary. PURPOSE To prospectively measure and compare anabolic, anti-inflammatory, and proinflammatory growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines in bone marrow aspirate (BMA), BMC, whole blood, leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP), and leukocyte-rich PRP (LR-PRP) from samples collected and processed concurrently on the same day from patients presenting for elective knee surgery. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Patients presenting for elective knee surgery were prospectively enrolled over a 3-week period. Whole blood from peripheral venous draw and BMA from the posterior iliac crest were immediately processed via centrifugation and manual extraction methods to prepare LR-PRP, LP-PRP, and BMC samples, respectively. BMA, BMC, whole blood, LR-PRP, and LP-PRP samples were immediately assayed and analyzed to measure protein concentrations. RESULTS BMC had a significantly higher interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) concentration than all other preparations (all P < .0009). LR-PRP also had a significantly higher IL-1Ra concentration than LP-PRP (P = .0006). There were no significant differences in IL-1Ra concentration based on age, sex, body mass index, or chronicity of injury in all preparations. LR-PRP had significantly higher concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor AA (PDGF-AA) and PDGF-AB/BB than all other preparations (all P < .0006). LR-PRP also had significantly higher concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) and soluble CD40 ligand than all other preparations (all P < .004). LP-PRP had significantly higher concentrations of MMPs, namely MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-12, than all other preparations (all P < .007). CONCLUSION BMC is a clinically relevant source of anti-inflammatory biologic therapy that may be more effective in treating osteoarthritis and for use as an intra-articular biologic source for augmented healing in the postsurgical inflammatory and healing phases, owing to its significantly higher concentration of IL-1Ra as compared with LR-PRP and LP-PRP. Additionally, LR-PRP had a significantly higher concentration of IL-1Ra than LP-PRP. In cases where increased vascularity and healing are desired for pathological or injured tissues, including muscle and tendon, LR-PRP may be optimal given its higher overall concentrations of PDGF, TGF-β, EGF, VEGF, and soluble CD40 ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Grant J Dornan
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Johnny Huard
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
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Jun S, Lee JH, Gong HM, Choi SH, Bo MH, Kang MS, Lee GM, Lee HJ, Kim JS. Efficacy and Safety of Miniscalpel Acupuncture on Knee Osteoarthritis: - A randomized controlled pilot trial. J Pharmacopuncture 2018; 21:151-158. [PMID: 30283702 PMCID: PMC6168192 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2018.21.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We investigated the efficacy and safety of miniscalpel acupuncture (MA) for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in an assessor-blinded randomized controlled pilot trial; this would provide information for a large-scale randomized controlled trial. Methods Participants (n = 24) were recruited and randomly allocated to the MA group (experimental) or acupuncture group (control). The MA group received treatment once a week for 3 weeks (total of 3 treatments), while the acupuncture group received treatment two times per week for 3 weeks (total of 6 treatments). The primary outcome was pain as assessed by a visual analogue scale (VAS). The secondary outcomes (intensity of current pain, stiffness, and physical function) were assessed using the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Assessments were performed at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 during treatment and at week 5 (2 weeks after the end of treatment). Results Of the 24 participants, 23 completed the study. Both groups showed significant improvements in VAS, SF-MPQ, and WOMAC. However, there were no significant differences between the MA and acupuncture groups. No serious adverse event occurred and blood test results were within normal limits. Conclusion Our results suggest that although both MA and acupuncture provide similar effects with regard to pain control in patients with KOA, MA may be more effective in providing pain relief because the same relief was obtained with fewer treatments. A large-scale clinical study is warranted to further clarify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungah Jun
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion medicine, College of Korean medicine, Daegu Haany University, 136, Sincheondong-ro, Suseong-gu, Daegu, 706-828, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Lee
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion medicine, College of Korean medicine, Daegu Haany University, 136, Sincheondong-ro, Suseong-gu, Daegu, 706-828, Korea
| | - Han Mi Gong
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion medicine, College of Korean medicine, Daegu Haany University, 136, Sincheondong-ro, Suseong-gu, Daegu, 706-828, Korea
| | - Seong Hun Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean medicine, Daegu Haany University, 136, Sincheondong-ro, Suseong-gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min Hwang Bo
- Department of Oriental Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, College of Korean medicine, Daegu Haany University, 136, Sincheondong-ro, Suseong-gu, Daegu, 706-828, Korea
| | - Mi Suk Kang
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Korean medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Geon-Mok Lee
- Department of Acupotomy, LeeGeonmok Wonli Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul 137-829, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Lee
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion medicine, College of Korean medicine, Daegu Haany University, 136, Sincheondong-ro, Suseong-gu, Daegu, 706-828, Korea
| | - Jae Soo Kim
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion medicine, College of Korean medicine, Daegu Haany University, 136, Sincheondong-ro, Suseong-gu, Daegu, 706-828, Korea
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Abstract
Septic arthritis of the wrist is an uncommon condition, but one that can result in substantial morbidity. Timely identification and treatment is critical to patient care. No serum laboratory values have been shown to consistently confirm wrist joint infection. Thus, diagnosis is made based mainly on a thorough patient history, physical examination, and joint aspiration. When infection is suspected, aspiration of the wrist should be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Broad-spectrum antibiotics and joint aspiration or surgery are required to manage the infection and prevent sequelae.
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Lin M, Li X, Liang W, Liu J, Guo J, Zheng J, Liu X. Needle-knife therapy improves the clinical symptoms of knee osteoarthritis by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:835-842. [PMID: 24669238 PMCID: PMC3961116 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative joint disease that occurs mainly in the elderly population. However, there are currently no effective treatments for treating this condition. In this study, the efficacy of needle-knife therapy, a technique of traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used to treat KOA was investigated. Patients (n=170) with KOA were randomly divided for needle-knife therapy (treatment group) and acupuncture therapy (control group). Outcome evaluation included stiffness, pain, physiological function, overall changes, total symptom score, clinical curative effects and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the synovial fluid. The trial was completed in 151 patients (233 knees) from a total of 170 patients (264 knees); the treatment group comprised 76 patients (117 knees) who completed the trial and 9 patients (14 knees) who were removed from the study, and the control group comprised 75 patients (116 knees) who completed the trial and 10 patients (17 knees) who were removed from the study. The symptom scores of KOA in stages I–IV were reduced significantly in the treatment group and those of stages I–III were decreased significantly in the control group. The effective rate of the KOA therapy in the patients of stages III and IV in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group. After treatment, the decrements of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the treatment group were greater than those in the control group. These results showed that the use of needle-knife therapy to treat KOA effectively improved the clinical symptoms by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munan Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xihai Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Wenna Liang
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Guo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Jingxiong Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xianxiang Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
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Carlson ER, Stewart AA, Carlson KL, Durgam SS, Pondenis HC. Effects of serum and autologous conditioned serum on equine articular chondrocytes treated with interleukin-1β. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:700-5. [PMID: 23627382 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.5.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of autologous equine serum (AES) and autologous conditioned serum (ACS) on equine articular chondrocyte metabolism when stimulated with recombinant human (rh) interleukin (IL)-1β. SAMPLE Articular cartilage and nonconditioned and conditioned serum from 6 young adult horses. PROCEDURES Cartilage samples were digested, and chondrocytes were isolated and formed into pellets. Chondrocyte pellets were treated with each of the following: 10% AES, 10% AES and rhIL-1β, 20% AES and rhIL-1β, 10% ACS and rhIL-1β, and 20% ACS and rhIL-1β, and various effects of these treatments were measured. RESULTS Recombinant human IL-1β treatment led to a decrease in chondrocyte glycosaminoglycan synthesis and collagen II mRNA expression and an increase in medium matrix metalloproteinase-3 activity and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression. When results of ACS and rhIL-1β treatment were compared with those of AES and rhIL-1β treatment, no difference was evident in glycosaminoglycan release, total glycosaminoglycan concentration, total DNA content, or matrix metalloproteinase-3 activity. A significant increase was found in chondrocyte glycosaminoglycan synthesis with 20% AES and rhIL-1β versus 10% ACS and rhIL-1β. The medium from ACS and rhIL-1β treatment had a higher concentration of IL-1β receptor antagonist, compared with medium from AES and rhIL-1β treatment. Treatment with 20% ACS and rhIL-1β resulted in a higher medium insulin-like growth factor-I concentration than did treatment with 10% AES and rhIL-1β. No difference in mRNA expression was found between ACS and rhIL-1β treatment and AES and rhIL-1β treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Minimal beneficial effects of ACS treatment on proteoglycan matrix metabolism in equine chonrocytes were evident, compared with the effects of AES treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Carlson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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Sverdrup FM, Yates MP, Vickery LE, Klover JA, Song LRH, Anglin CP, Misko TP. Protein geranylgeranylation controls collagenase expression in osteoarthritic cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:948-55. [PMID: 20417291 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Statins possess anti-inflammatory properties. This study was undertaken to characterize the mechanism of action of statin drugs on collagenase expression in primary human osteoarthritic cartilage tissue. METHOD Human articular chondrocytes and cartilage explants from osteoarthritic donors were exposed to simvastatin in the presence or absence of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta). Collagenase expression was determined by quantifying levels of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and MMP-1 mRNA and MMP-13 protein. The mechanism of statin action was tested by addition of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) or by using inhibitors of farnesyl transferase (FT) and geranylgeranyl transferase (GGT-1). RESULTS Treatment of osteoarthritic chondrocytes with simvastatin decreased mRNA levels of MMP-13 and MMP-1 whether under basal conditions or during stimulation with IL-1beta. MMP-13 protein secreted into the culture media was also decreased. Genes involved in cartilage synthesis (type II collagen and aggrecan) were not down-regulated by simvastatin. Exogenous addition of GGPP completely reversed the statin-mediated decrease in MMP-13 mRNA and protein levels whereas FPP partially reversed the statin-mediated effect. An inhibitor of GGT-1 mimicked the simvastatin-mediated reduction in MMP-13 expression by chondrocytes. Finally, consistent with impacts on MMP-13 and MMP-1 expression, simvastatin as well as the GGT-1 inhibitor both blocked type II collagen degradation in primary human articular cartilage explants. CONCLUSION These results suggest that statins modulate chondrocyte metabolism by reducing prenylation of key signaling molecules that control the expression of collagen-degrading enzymes. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that protein prenyltransferases including geranylgeranyl transferase regulate chondrocyte collagenase expression in osteoarthritis.
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Rutgers M, Saris DBF, Dhert WJA, Creemers LB. Cytokine profile of autologous conditioned serum for treatment of osteoarthritis, in vitro effects on cartilage metabolism and intra-articular levels after injection. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R114. [PMID: 20537160 PMCID: PMC2911907 DOI: 10.1186/ar3050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2009] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intraarticular administration of autologous conditioned serum (ACS) recently demonstrated some clinical effectiveness in treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). The current study aims to evaluate the in vitro effects of ACS on cartilage proteoglycan (PG) metabolism, its composition and the effects on synovial fluid (SF) cytokine levels following intraarticular ACS administration. METHODS The effect of conditioned serum on PG metabolism of cultured OA cartilage explants was compared to unconditioned serum. The effect of serum conditioning on levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), osteoprotegerin (OPG), oncostatin M (OSM), interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1ra) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) were measured by multiplex ELISA. As TNF-alpha levels were found to be increased in conditioned serum, the effect of TNF-alpha inhibition by etanercept on PG metabolism was studied in cartilage explants cultured in the presence of conditioned serum. Furthermore, cytokine levels in SF were measured three days after intraarticular ACS injection in OA patients to verify their retention time in the joint space. RESULTS PG metabolism was not different in the presence of conditioned serum compared to unconditioned serum. Levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ra, TGF-beta, IL-10 as well as of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and OSM were increased. IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-gamma levels remained similar, while OPG levels decreased. TNF-alpha inhibition did not influence PG metabolism in cartilage explant culture in the presence of conditioned serum. Although OPG levels were higher and TGF-beta levels were clearly lower in ACS than in SF, intraarticular ACS injection in OA patients did not result in significant changes in these cytokine levels. CONCLUSIONS ACS for treatment of osteoarthritis contains increased levels of anti-inflammatory as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular TNF-alpha, but conditioned serum does not seem to have a net direct effect on cartilage metabolism, even upon inhibition of TNF-alpha. The fast intraarticular clearance of cytokines in the injected ACS may explain the limited effects found previously in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Rutgers
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Rutgers M, Saris DBF, Auw Yang KG, Dhert WJA, Creemers LB. Joint injury and osteoarthritis: soluble mediators in the course and treatment of cartilage pathology. Immunotherapy 2009; 1:435-45. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.09.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a disabling disease of the aging generation, which results in loss of quality of life and increased healthcare costs. Cytokines appear to play an important role in the cartilaginous degeneration characterizing the pathological process. Increasing experience is being gained with cytokine-modulating therapies aimed at interfering with effects of chondrodegradative cytokines in the synovial fluid. Although in vitro and in vivo effectiveness of several of these therapies has been demonstrated, clinical effectiveness remains disputable, which may be related to the low levels of inflammatory cytokines found in osteoarthritic joints. By contrast, directly after joint trauma, which has been shown to predipose to early osteoarthritis, synovial fluid cytokine levels are strongly increased. Cytokine-modulating therapies, however, have hardly been considered for this indication. Increased knowledge of intra-articular soluble mediators correlating with cartilage pathology will lead to further development of cytokine-modulating products and, eventually, to effective inhibition of cartilage degeneration, in both the osteoarthritic as well as injured joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Rutgers
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël BF Saris
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kiem Gie Auw Yang
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter JA Dhert
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Laura B Creemers
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Groeneboer S, Pastoureau P, Vignon E, Vander Cruyssen B, Elewaut D, Verbruggen G. Cyclodextrin polysulphate protects articular cartilage in experimental lapine knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008; 16:986-93. [PMID: 18308591 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/06/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vivo chondroprotective effect of cyclodextrin polysulphate (CDPS) in a rabbit model of experimental osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN Experimental OA was induced in rabbits by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Forty-eight hours post-surgery, the rabbits were randomised into three treatment groups (n=15 in each group) and a sham-operated control group. The rabbits were either injected subcutaneously with saline, 0.25 mg/kg CDPS or 1 mg/kg CDPS once a week for a period of 12 weeks, and their weight was monitored as a parameter for their general status. The animals were then sacrificed for macroscopic and histological assessment of the knee joints. RESULTS At the lowest dose, CDPS treatment was unable to induce a significant improvement of cartilage degradation vs the saline control in the experimentally induced knee OA. However, subcutaneous injections of 1 mg/kg CDPS induced a marked inhibition (P<0.05) of osteophyte formation. Additionally, a significant reduction of cartilage degradation revealed an overall chondroprotective effect of CDPS at a concentration of 1 mg/kg. No significant effects on weight gain were noted. CONCLUSIONS Systemic administration of CDPS is able to protect cartilage in vivo and can therefore be considered as a chondroprotective agent with structure modifying capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Groeneboer
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Stoop R, Albrecht D, Gaissmaier C, Fritz J, Felka T, Rudert M, Aicher WK. Comparison of marker gene expression in chondrocytes from patients receiving autologous chondrocyte transplantation versus osteoarthritis patients. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 9:R60. [PMID: 17596264 PMCID: PMC2206334 DOI: 10.1186/ar2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) is used to treat traumatic cartilage damage or osteochondrosis dissecans, but not degenerative arthritis. Since substantial refinements in the isolation, expansion and transplantation of chondrocytes have been made in recent years, the treatment of early stage osteoarthritic lesions using ACT might now be feasible. In this study, we determined the gene expression patterns of osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes ex vivo after primary culture and subculture and compared these with healthy chondrocytes ex vivo and with articular chondrocytes expanded for treatment of patients by ACT. Gene expression profiles were determined using quantitative RT-PCR for type I, II and X collagen, aggrecan, IL-1β and activin-like kinase-1. Furthermore, we tested the capability of osteoarthritic chondrocytes to generate hyaline-like cartilage by implanting chondrocyte-seeded collagen scaffolds into immunodeficient (SCID) mice. OA chondrocytes ex vivo showed highly elevated levels of IL-1β mRNA, but type I and II collagen levels were comparable to those of healthy chondrocytes. After primary culture, IL-1β levels decreased to baseline levels, while the type II and type I collagen mRNA levels matched those found in chondrocytes used for ACT. OA chondrocytes generated type II collagen and proteoglycan-rich cartilage transplants in SCID mice. We conclude that after expansion under suitable conditions, the cartilage of OA patients contains cells that are not significantly different from those from healthy donors prepared for ACT. OA chondrocytes are also capable of producing a cartilage-like tissue in the in vivo SCID mouse model. Thus, such chondrocytes seem to fulfil the prerequisites for use in ACT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinout Stoop
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstraße, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Albrecht
- BG Center for Traumatology, Schnarrenbergstraße, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Fritz
- BG Center for Traumatology, Schnarrenbergstraße, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tino Felka
- Center for Medical Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestraße, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str., 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Wilhelm K Aicher
- Center for Medical Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestraße, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Pellegrini VD. The ABJS 2005 Nicolas Andry Award: osteoarthritis and injury at the base of the human thumb: survival of the fittest? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2005; 438:266-76. [PMID: 16131901 DOI: 10.1097/01.blo.0000176968.28247.5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The basal joint complex, consisting of four trapezial articulations providing a foundation for the thumb, defines our anatomic evolution from a Simian ancestry by providing an opposable member. Ironically, the trapeziometacarpal joint also is responsible for the most common malady leading to operative reconstruction in the upper limb for arthritic disease. The paradoxic relationship between these two facts has stimulated investigation that has defined the scientific basis for common surgical procedures and provided a foundation for the development of novel treatments for conditions at the base of the thumb. Patterns of articular surface degeneration are determined by areas of contact loading in the joint. Ligament reconstruction, metacarpophalangeal joint flexion splinting, and extension metacarpal osteotomy for early disease resulting from instability all have biomechanical justification for their clinical application. Likewise, percutaneous pinning of Bennett's fracture dislocation is predicated on reestablishing functional continuity of the beak ligament and unloading the palmar joint surfaces. For advanced disease, ligament reconstruction has become the cornerstone of arthroplasty. Perhaps most importantly, the trapeziometacarpal joint as an instability model can provide insight into the interplay of mechanical and biological factors in producing the primary lesion associated with osteoarthritis.
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15
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Livne E, Laufer D, Blumenfeld I. Differential response of articular cartilage from young growing and mature old mice to IL-1 and TGF-beta. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2005; 24:211-21. [PMID: 15374127 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4943(96)00753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/1996] [Revised: 07/25/1996] [Accepted: 07/29/1996] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritic lesions are observed in temporomandibular joint cartilage of ICR mice aged 7 months and older, accompanied by reduced proliferation and matrix synthesis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), is a multifactorial growth factor affecting matrix synthesis and cell proliferation in bone and cartilage, whereas interleukin-1 (IL-1) is involved in cartilage degradation. In order to establish the repair capacity of cartilage in aging, the response of cartilage from young and old animals to TGF-beta and IL-1 was studied. Mandibular condyles from young (1-month-old) and old (18-month-old) mice were cultured for up to 72 h in medium supplemented with TGF-beta1 or IL-1alpha. TGF-beta increased protein (+9.26%) and DNA (+36.0%) contents in young animals and DNA content (+19.49%) in old animals. Incorporations of [(3)H]thymidine and [(35)S]sulfate were enhanced in young (+254% and +116%, respectively) and in old (+22.6% and +6.88%, respectively) and animals and activity of alkaline phosphatase was induced in old animals. Treatment with IL-1 resulted in reduced DNA content in young (-35.76%) and old (-33.33%) animals, but acid phosphatase activity was induced in old animals. It is concluded that TGF-beta can induce anabolic activity even in cartilage from old animals indicating repair response in articular cartilage in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Livne
- Division of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, PO Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
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16
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Abstract
Chondrocytes are the single cellular component of hyaline cartilage. Under physiologic conditions, they show steady-state equilibrium between anabolic and catabolic activities that maintains the structural and functional integrity of the cartilage extracellular matrix. Implicit in the loss of cartilage matrix that is associated with osteoarthritis is that there is a disturbance in the regulation of synthetic (anabolic) and resorptive (catabolic) activities of the resident chondrocytes that results in a net loss of cartilage matrix components and deterioration in the structural and functional properties of the cartilage. Multiple mechanisms likely are involved in the disturbance of chondrocyte remodeling activities in OA. They include the development of acquired or age-related alterations in chondrocyte function, the effects of excessive mechanical loading, and the presence of dysregulated cytokine activities. Cytokines are soluble or cell-surface molecules that play an essential role in mediating cell-cell interactions. It is possible to classify the cytokines that regulate cartilage remodeling as catabolic, acting on target cells to increase products that enhance matrix degradation; as anticatabolic, tending to inhibit or antagonize the activity of the catabolic cytokines; and as anabolic, acting on chondrocytes to increase synthetic activity. This review will focus on the role of proinflammatory cytokines and their roles in mediating the increased matrix degradation that characterizes the osteoarthritic cartilage lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Goldring
- Rheumatology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Institute of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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17
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Légaré A, Garon M, Guardo R, Savard P, Poole AR, Buschmann MD. Detection and analysis of cartilage degeneration by spatially resolved streaming potentials. J Orthop Res 2002; 20:819-26. [PMID: 12168673 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-0266(02)00002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage molecular changes in osteoarthritis are most commonly related to the degradation and loss of proteoglycan and collagen fibrils of the extracellular matrix, which directly influence tissue stiffness and compression-generated streaming potentials. In this study, we evaluated the potential of a new technique, spatially resolved mapping of streaming potentials, to non-destructively indicate cartilage health or degeneration. Matched pairs of bovine cartilage/bone explant disks were cultured for 11 days in a serum free medium with and without interleukin-lalpha (IL-1alpha). The electromechanical properties (static stiffness, dynamic stiffness and streaming potentials) of cartilage disks were measured during unconfined compression using a mechanical tester coupled with a linear array of eight 50 microm diameter platinum-iridium microelectrodes. After 11 days of culture, the proteoglycan content of IL-1alpha treated disks was significantly reduced and the denatured and cleaved collagen content was increased compared to control disks. These biochemical alterations were concomitant with the reductions in the amplitudes of the static stiffness, the dynamic stiffness and the streaming potential profile as well as changes in the shape of the streaming potential profile. We found that spatial mapping of streaming potentials presents several advantages for the development of a clinical instrument to evaluate the degeneration of articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Légaré
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Que, Canada
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18
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Vincenti MP, Coon CI, Lee O, Brinckerhoff CE. Regulation of collagenase gene expression by IL-1 beta requires transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Nucleic Acids Res 1994; 22:4818-27. [PMID: 7984435 PMCID: PMC308536 DOI: 10.1093/nar/22.22.4818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 beta is believed to contribute to the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis by activating collagenase gene expression. We have used a cell culture model of rabbit synovial fibroblasts to examine the molecular mechanisms of IL-1 beta-mediated collagenase gene expression. Stimulation of rabbit synovial fibroblasts with 10 ng/ml recombinant human IL-1 beta resulted in a 20-fold increase in collagenase mRNA by 12 h. Transient transfection studies using collagenase promoter-CAT constructs demonstrated that proximal sequences responded poorly to IL-1 beta, possibly due to insufficient activation of AP-1 by this cytokine. More distal sequences were required for IL-1 beta responsiveness, with a 4700 bp construct showing approximately 5-fold induction above control. To examine post-transcriptional mechanisms, transcript from a human collagenase cDNA was constitutively produced by the simian virus 40 early promoter. IL-1 beta stabilized the constitutively expressed human transcript. Furthermore, mutation of the ATTTA motifs in the 3' untranslated region of the human gene also stabilized the transcript. Finally, the rabbit collagenase 3' untranslated region destabilized a constitutively transcribed chloramphenicol acetyltransferase transcript. These data indicate that in addition to activating transcription, IL-1 beta increases collagenase transcript stability by reversing the destabilizing effects of sequences in the 3' untranslated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Vincenti
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755
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19
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Platt D, Bayliss MT. An investigation of the proteoglycan metabolism of mature equine articular cartilage and its regulation by interleukin-1. Equine Vet J 1994; 26:297-303. [PMID: 8575397 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04390.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of human recombinant interleukin-1 beta (rhIL-1 beta) on proteoglycan metabolism was investigated in cultures of full thickness explants of articular cartilage from horses 3-21 years of age. Proteoglycan synthesis was inhibited at all ages but no alteration in the hydrodynamic size or electrophoretic heterogeneity was observed in proteoglycan isolated from rhIL-1 beta stimulated cartilage. The sulphation pattern of the newly synthesised proteoglycan molecules was, however, significantly affected by the presence of the peptide regulatory factor. Interleukin-1 had no effect on the rate of turnover of newly synthesised or endogenous proteoglycans in mature equine articular cartilage and did not influence the structure of proteoglycan fragments released into the culture medium. These observations suggest that IL-1, released into synovial fluid during inflammation, may modify the proteoglycan composition of normal equine cartilage not by stimulating catabolic enzymes capable of degrading the resident proteoglycans but by promoting the deposition of a reduced number of newly synthesised proteoglycan molecules of abnormal composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Platt
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Hammersmith, London, UK
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20
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Pellegrini VD, Smith RL, Ku CW. Pathobiology of articular cartilage in trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. I. Regional biochemical analysis. J Hand Surg Am 1994; 19:70-8. [PMID: 8169370 DOI: 10.1016/0363-5023(94)90226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical analysis was performed on hyaline cartilage from four distinct quadrants in surgically harvested osteoarthritic thumb trapeziometacarpal joints and both normal and osteoarthritic cadaver specimens. Chondromalacic surfaces in the palmar contact areas of arthritic specimens were characterized by preferential loss of glycosaminoglycan, retention of collagen, and a shift in glycosaminoglycan subspecies as indicated by an increasing chondroitin sulfate/keratan sulfate ratio. In contrast, articular cartilage from the dorsal portion of arthritic joints biochemically resembled that from both the adjacent normal surfaces of the scaphoid and trapezoid facets and normal postmortem specimens. No significant difference was noted between the biochemical profiles of osteoarthritic surgical specimens and arthritic cadaver specimens. Such selective glycosaminoglycan depletion localized to the contact areas of the joint suggests an interdependent relationship between mechanical factors and biochemical matrix degradation in production of the cartilage lesion of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Pellegrini
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
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21
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Davies ME, Horner A, Franz B, Schuberth HJ. Detection of cytokine activated chondrocytes in arthritic joints from pigs infected with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Ann Rheum Dis 1992; 51:978-82. [PMID: 1417125 PMCID: PMC1004809 DOI: 10.1136/ard.51.8.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic polyarthritis was induced in pigs by injection of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and the in vivo activation of chondrocytes by cytokines was then investigated in the affected joints by immunocytochemistry. A polyclonal antiserum which recognises surface markers on in vitro interleukin 1 activated porcine chondrocytes was used to detect activated chondrocytes in all zones of the cartilage from diseased joints. In contrast, cartilage removed from an unaffected joint in the same animal showed no chondrocyte activation. Inflammatory synovial tissue removed from diseased joints and cocultured with cartilage from the unaffected joint induced activation of adjacent chondrocytes. The presence of interleukin 1 in the inflammatory cells of the synovium was confirmed and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens were detected as a marker of synovial activation. Chondrocytes were found not to express class II antigens in cartilage from either the diseased or the unaffected joint. These observations show that the porcine erysipelas model of arthritis will be useful in facilitating a novel approach to monitoring the behaviour of individual chondrocytes under pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Davies
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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22
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Loulakis P, Shrikhande A, Davis G, Maniglia CA. N-terminal sequence of proteoglycan fragments isolated from medium of interleukin-1-treated articular-cartilage cultures. Putative site(s) of enzymic cleavage. Biochem J 1992; 284 ( Pt 2):589-93. [PMID: 1599440 PMCID: PMC1132679 DOI: 10.1042/bj2840589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine articular cartilage was cultured both in the presence and in the absence of human recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1) (100 units/ml). Addition of this cytokine stimulated matrix degradation approx. 3-fold. This increased degradation permitted characterization of the large chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (aggrecan) fragments accumulating in the media. When compared with controls, the proteoglycans isolated from the medium of cultures treated with IL-1 exhibited a decrease in the Kav. (control 0.25; IL-1-treated 0.37), determined by Sepharose CL-2B chromatography. This decrease in proteoglycan size was accompanied by a decreased ability of these monomers to associate with hyaluronic acid. Thus only 20% of the proteoglycans isolated from the medium of IL-1-treated cultures, compared with 39% for control cultures, had the capacity to form high-M(r) aggregates with hyaluronic acid. SDS/PAGE analysis of the proteoglycans from the media of IL-1-treated cultures demonstrated several large proteoglycan protein-core bands (M(r) 144,000-380,000). The protein-core bands with M(r) 144,000-266,000 exhibited a significantly decreased reactivity with monoclonal antibody 1-C-6 (specific for domains G1 and G2). The N-terminal amino acid sequence of four of these protein-core bands (M(r) 144,000, 173,000, 214,000 and 266,000) yielded sequences LGQRPPV-Y-PQLF(E), AGEGP(S)GILEL-GAP(S)-AP(D)M, GLG-VEL-LPGE and (A)RGSVIL-AKPDFEV-P-A. A comparison of these N-terminal amino acid sequences with the published proteoglycan sequence for bovine nasal cartilage [Oldberg, Antonsson & Heinegård (1987) Biochem. J. 243, 255-259], rat chondrosarcoma [Doege, Sasaki, Horigan, Hassell & Yamada (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 17757-17769] and human articular cartilage [Doege, Sasaki, Kimura & Yamada (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 894-902] permitted assignment of their relative positions on the core protein. Furthermore, on the basis of this similarity to published sequence, putative sites of enzymic cleavage were constructed. These theoretical cleavage sites revealed a glutamic acid residue in the P1 position and an uncharged polar or non-polar residue in the P1' position.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Loulakis
- Institute for Arthritis and Autoimmunity, Miles Inc., West Haven, CT 06516
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23
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Lipnick RN, Tsokos GC, Magilavy DB. Immune Abnormalities in the Pathogenesis of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0889-857x(21)00131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Williams RJ, Smith RL, Schurman DJ. Purified staphylococcal culture medium stimulates neutral metalloprotease secretion from human articular cartilage. J Orthop Res 1991; 9:258-65. [PMID: 1846914 DOI: 10.1002/jor.1100090214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human articular cartilage released significantly increased levels of metal-dependent enzymes capable of degrading collagen, casein, and gelatin at a neutral pH following exposure to a sterile, purified fraction of Staphylococcus aureus culture medium. Neutral metalloprotease activity was determined by radiolabeled substrate assays and substrate gel analysis. The enzymes were activated with 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate and were inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. Protein immunoblots demonstrated that type I collagenase and stromelysin (matrix metalloproteinase III) secretion was increased following staphylococcal medium challenge. The profile of enzymatic activity induced by staphylococcal medium was directly comparable to that observed with interleukin-1, which was used as a positive control. The staphylococcal medium had no inherent proteolytic activity. Increased production of the neutral metalloproteases collagenase and stromelysin may significantly contribute to the extensive cartilage destruction noted in staphylococcal septic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Williams
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
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25
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Davies ME, Horner A, Dingle JT. Immunorecognition of chondrocytes in articular cartilage activated by synovial interleukin 1. Connect Tissue Res 1991; 25:243-9. [PMID: 1711948 DOI: 10.3109/03008209109029160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A polyclonal antiserum which recognizes surface epitopes on IL1-activated pig chondrocytes has been used to immunolocalize chondrocytes responding to IL1 produced during co-culture of pig synovium and articular cartilage. Activation of the chondrocytes by the cytokine was restricted to the articular and subarticular region of the cartilage adjacent to the synovium. Chondrocyte activation was also seen when human rheumatoid synovium was co-cultured with the cartilage. The presence of IL1 in some synovial cells was confirmed by immunolocalization using antisera specific for IL1 alpha and IL1 beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Davies
- Tissue Physiology Department, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
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26
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Dingle JT, Davies ME, Mativi BY, Middleton HF. Immunohistological identification of interleukin-1 activated chondrocytes. Ann Rheum Dis 1990; 49:889-92. [PMID: 1701622 PMCID: PMC1004256 DOI: 10.1136/ard.49.11.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 activated chondrocytes have been identified in pig articular cartilage by immunolocalisation using a polyclonal antiserum recognising cytokine induced surface epitopes. Although chondrocytes with membrane staining were noted in all zones of the cartilage, only a proportion of the cells were positive within the range of antiserum dilution used (1:100-1:2000). Maximum staining was found after four days' treatment of cultured cartilage with pig IL-1 alpha, though weak staining was just detectable after treatment for one day at high antiserum concentration. Immunoreactivity was also shown in cartilage which had been cultured with human recombinant IL-1 alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Dingle
- Tissue Physiology Department, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge
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