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Garrett-Sinha LA. An update on the roles of transcription factor Ets1 in autoimmune diseases. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1627. [PMID: 37565573 PMCID: PMC10842644 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors are crucial to regulate gene expression in immune cells and in other cell types. In lymphocytes, there are a large number of different transcription factors that are known to contribute to cell differentiation and the balance between quiescence and activation. One such transcription factor is E26 oncogene homolog 1 (Ets1). Ets1 expression is high in quiescent B and T lymphocytes and its levels are decreased upon activation. The human ETS1 gene has been identified as a susceptibility locus for many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In accord with this, gene knockout of Ets1 in mice leads to development of a lupus-like autoimmune disease, with enhanced activation and differentiation of both B cells and T cells. Prior reviews have summarized functional roles for Ets1 based on studies of Ets1 knockout mice. In recent years, numerous additional studies have been published that further validate ETS1 as a susceptibility locus for human diseases where immune dysregulation plays a causative role. In this update, new information that further links Ets1 to human autoimmune diseases is organized and collated to serve as a resource. This update also describes recent studies that seek to understand molecularly how Ets1 regulates immune cell activation, either using human cells and tissues or mouse models. This resource is expected to be useful to investigators seeking to understand how Ets1 may regulate the human immune response, particularly in terms of its roles in autoimmunity and inflammation. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Ann Garrett-Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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2
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Yang B, Luo L, Chen L, Niu Q, Zhang J, Xu H, Wu Y, Huang Z. ETS1 polymorphism rs73013527 in relation to serum RANKL levels among patients with RA. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24562. [PMID: 33592912 PMCID: PMC7870260 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously identified E26 transformation specific sequence 1 (ETS1) rs73013527 single nucleotide polymorphism associated with RA susceptibility and disease activity. In the present study, we aims to further investigate the association between ETS1 rs73013527 and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), an index related to bone destruction and was reported to elevate in RA.We determined genotypes of ETS1 rs73013527, serum RANKL concentration, clinical characteristics (disease duration, disease activity score for 28 painful/swollen joints), and laboratory markers (rheumatoid factor, anti-citrullinated protein antibody, anti-keratin antibody, c-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) of 254 RA cases. Univariate and multivariate analysis were employed to explore the association between ETS1 rs73013527 and serum RANKL levels in RA patients.Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated no association of serum RANKL levels with patient age, gender, clinical characteristics, and laboratory markers. Univariate analysis, not multivariate analysis indicated genotype CT/TT of ETS1 rs73013527 was significantly associated with elevated RANKL levels in RA patients.ETS1 rs73013527 is in relation to serum RANKL levels among patients with RA. ETS1 probably might be an indirect factors involved in RANKL regulation in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medcine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Limei Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medcine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Niu
- Department of Laboratory Medcine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medcine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medcine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Yifeng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medcine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Zhuochun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medcine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
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3
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Xu C, Liu Q, Zhou J, Xie M, Feng J, Jiang T. Quantifying functional impact of non-coding variants with multi-task Bayesian neural network. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:1397-1404. [PMID: 31693090 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Advances in high-throughput genotyping and sequencing technologies during recent years have revealed essential roles of non-coding regions in gene regulation. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) suggested that a large proportion of risk variants are located in non-coding regions and remain unexplained by current expression quantitative trait loci catalogs. Interpreting the causal effects of these genetic modifications is crucial but difficult owing to our limited knowledge of how regulatory elements function. Although several computational methods have been designed to prioritize regulatory variants that substantially impact human phenotypes, few of them achieve consistently high performance even when large-scale multi-omic data are integrated. RESULTS We propose a novel multi-task framework based on Bayesian deep neural networks, MtBNN, to quantify the deleterious impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in non-coding genomic regions. With the high-efficiency provided by the multi-task Bayesian framework to integrate information from different sources, MtBNN is capable of extracting features from genomic sequences of large-scale chromatin-profiling data, such as chromatin accessibility and transcript factor binding affinities, and calculating the distribution of the probability that a non-coding variant disrupts regulatory activities. A series of comprehensive experiments show that MtBNN quantifies the functional impact of cis-regulatory variations with high accuracy, including expression quantitative trait locus, DNase I sensitivity quantitative trait locus and functional genetic variants located within ATAC-peaks that affect the accessibility of the corresponding peak and achieves significantly better performance than the existing methods. Moreover, MtBNN has applications in the discovery of potentially causal disease-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), thus helping fine-map the GWAS SNPs. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Code can be downloaded from https://github.com/Zoesgithub/MtBNN. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Xu
- Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST.,Department of Computer Science and Technology
| | - Qiao Liu
- Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST.,Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianyu Zhou
- Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST.,Department of Computer Science and Technology
| | - Minzhu Xie
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | | | - Tao Jiang
- Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST.,Department of Computer Science and Technology.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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4
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Lee CG, Kwon HK, Kang H, Kim Y, Nam JH, Won YH, Park S, Kim T, Kang K, Rudra D, Jun CD, Park ZY, Im SH. Ets1 suppresses atopic dermatitis by suppressing pathogenic T cell responses. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124202. [PMID: 30843878 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex inflammatory skin disease mediated by immune cells of both adaptive and innate types. Among them, CD4+ Th cells are one of major players of AD pathogenesis. Although the pathogenic role of Th2 cells has been well characterized, Th17/Th22 cells are also implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenic immune responses in AD remain unclear. We sought to investigate how the defect in the AD susceptibility gene, Ets1, is involved in AD pathogenesis in human and mice and its clinical relevance in disease severity by identifying Ets1 target genes and binding partners. Consistent with the decrease in ETS1 levels in severe AD patients and the experimental AD-like skin inflammation model, T cell-specific Ets1-deficient mice (Ets1ΔdLck) developed severe AD-like symptoms with increased pathogenic Th cell responses. A T cell-intrinsic increase of gp130 expression upon Ets1 deficiency promotes the gp130-mediated IL-6 signaling pathway, thereby leading to the development of severe AD-like symptoms. Functional blocking of gp130 by selective inhibitor SC144 ameliorated the disease pathogenesis by reducing pathogenic Th cell responses. Our results reveal a protective role of Ets1 in restricting pathogenic Th cell responses and suggest a potential therapeutic target for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Gu Lee
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea.,Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeji Kang
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | | | - Young Ho Won
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sunhee Park
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Taemook Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB), Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Zee Yong Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB), Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
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Genomic Susceptibility Analysis for Atopy Disease Using Cord Blood DNA in a Small Cohort. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-018-2410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Chen S, Wen X, Li L, Li J, Li Y, Wang Q, Yuan H, Zhang F, Li Y. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ETS1 gene are associated with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in a northern Chinese Han population. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13128. [PMID: 29030598 PMCID: PMC5640673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ETS1 gene are associated with several auto-inflammatory diseases. In this study, we determined whether ETS1 gene polymorphisms confer susceptibility to idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) in a northern Chinese Han population. DNA samples were collected from 1017 IIM patients: 363 PM cases and 654 DM cases. The results were compared with those of 1280 healthy controls. Five SNPs in the ETS1 region (rs7117932, rs6590330, rs4937362, rs10893845 and rs1128334) were assessed and genotyped using the Sequenom platform. Our data indicated that the rs7117932 alleles and genotypes are associated with DM and IIMs (Pc = 6.0 × 10−3 and Pc = 0.029; Pc = 0.013 and Pc = 0.019, respectively). We found a significantly greater percentage of DM and IIM patients with an A allele of rs6590330 than that in the control population (Pc = 0.033 and Pc = 0.013). Additionally, the rs6590330 genotype was associated with IIMs (Pc = 0.020). The percentages of rs7117932 and rs6590330 SNPs were significantly greater in DM and IIM patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) (all Pc < 0.05). This is the first study to reveal that ETS1 polymorphisms are associated with IIMs alone and IIMs with ILD in a northern Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Liubing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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7
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Saelee P, Kearly A, Nutt SL, Garrett-Sinha LA. Genome-Wide Identification of Target Genes for the Key B Cell Transcription Factor Ets1. Front Immunol 2017; 8:383. [PMID: 28439269 PMCID: PMC5383717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transcription factor Ets1 is highly expressed in B lymphocytes. Loss of Ets1 leads to premature B cell differentiation into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), secretion of autoantibodies, and development of autoimmune disease. Despite the importance of Ets1 in B cell biology, few Ets1 target genes are known in these cells. Results To obtain a more complete picture of the function of Ets1 in regulating B cell differentiation, we performed Ets1 ChIP-seq in primary mouse B cells to identify >10,000-binding sites, many of which were localized near genes that play important roles in B cell activation and differentiation. Although Ets1 bound to many sites in the genome, it was required for regulation of less than 5% of them as evidenced by gene expression changes in B cells lacking Ets1. The cohort of genes whose expression was altered included numerous genes that have been associated with autoimmune disease susceptibility. We focused our attention on four such Ets1 target genes Ptpn22, Stat4, Egr1, and Prdm1 to assess how they might contribute to Ets1 function in limiting ASC formation. We found that dysregulation of these particular targets cannot explain altered ASC differentiation in the absence of Ets1. Conclusion We have identified genome-wide binding targets for Ets1 in B cells and determined that a relatively small number of these putative target genes require Ets1 for their normal expression. Interestingly, a cohort of genes associated with autoimmune disease susceptibility is among those that are regulated by Ets1. Identification of the target genes of Ets1 in B cells will help provide a clearer picture of how Ets1 regulates B cell responses and how its loss promotes autoantibody secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prontip Saelee
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alyssa Kearly
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lee Ann Garrett-Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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8
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Stemmler S, Hoffjan S. Trying to understand the genetics of atopic dermatitis. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 30:374-385. [PMID: 27725295 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and complex skin disease associated with both genetic and environmental factors. Loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene, encoding a structural protein with an important role in epidermal barrier function, constitutes a well recognised susceptibility locus for AD. Further, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including large meta-analyses, have discovered 38 additional susceptibility loci with genome-wide significance. However, the reported variations only explain a fraction of the overall heritability of AD. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of filaggrin and the epidermal differentiation complex as well as the results of GWAS, with an emphasis on novel findings and observations made in the past two years. Additionally, we present first results of exome sequencing for AD and discuss novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Hoffjan
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
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Garrett-Sinha LA, Kearly A, Satterthwaite AB. The Role of the Transcription Factor Ets1 in Lupus and Other Autoimmune Diseases. Crit Rev Immunol 2016; 36:485-510. [PMID: 28845756 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2017020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by excess B- and T-cell activation, the development of autoantibodies against self-antigens including nuclear antigens, and immune complex deposition in target organs, which triggers an inflammatory response and tissue damage. The genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of SLE have been studied extensively in both humans and mouse models of the disease. One of the important genetic contributions to SLE development is an alteration in the expression of the transcription factor Ets1, which regulates the functional differentiation of lymphocytes. Here, we review the genetic, biochemical, and immunological studies that have linked low levels of Ets1 to aberrant lymphocyte differentiation and to the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Ann Garrett-Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Alyssa Kearly
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Anne B Satterthwaite
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatic Diseases Division; Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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10
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Russell L, John S, Cullen J, Luo W, Shlomchik MJ, Garrett-Sinha LA. Requirement for Transcription Factor Ets1 in B Cell Tolerance to Self-Antigens. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:3574-83. [PMID: 26355157 PMCID: PMC4568556 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation and survival of autoreactive B cells is normally limited by a variety of self-tolerance mechanisms, including clonal deletion, anergy, and clonal ignorance. The transcription factor c-ets-1 (encoded by the Ets1 gene) has B cell-intrinsic roles in regulating formation of Ab-secreting cells by controlling the activity of Blimp1 and Pax5 and may be required for B cell tolerance to self-antigen. To test this, we crossed Ets1(-/-) mice to two different transgenic models of B cell self-reactivity, the anti-hen egg lysozyme BCR transgenic strain and the AM14 rheumatoid factor transgenic strain. BCR transgenic Ets1(-/-) mice were subsequently crossed to mice either carrying or lacking relevant autoantigens. We found that B cells lacking c-ets-1 are generally hyperresponsive in terms of Ab secretion and form large numbers of Ab-secreting cells even in the absence of cognate Ags. When in the presence of cognate Ag, different responses were noted depending on the physical characteristics of the Ag. We found that clonal deletion of highly autoreactive B cells in the bone marrow was intact in the absence of c-ets-1. However, peripheral B cells lacking c-ets-1 failed to become tolerant in response to stimuli that normally induce B cell anergy or B cell clonal ignorance. Interestingly, high-affinity soluble self-antigen did cause B cells to adopt many of the classical features of anergic B cells, although such cells still secreted Ab. Therefore, maintenance of appropriate c-ets-1 levels is essential to prevent loss of self-tolerance in the B cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Russell
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Shinu John
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Jaime Cullen
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Mark J. Shlomchik
- Corresponding Author Communications to: Lee Ann Garrett-Sinha, Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Room B3-306, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, , Telephone: 716-881-7995, FAX: 716-849-6655
| | - Lee Ann Garrett-Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
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Liu M, Gao W, van Velkinburgh JC, Wu Y, Ni B, Tian Y. Role of Ets Proteins in Development, Differentiation, and Function of T-Cell Subsets. Med Res Rev 2015; 36:193-220. [PMID: 26301869 DOI: 10.1002/med.21361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Through positive selection, double-positive cells in the thymus differentiate into CD4(+) or CD8(+) T single-positive cells that subsequently develop into different types of effective T cells, such as T-helper and cytotoxic T lymphocyte cells, that play distinctive roles in the immune system. Development, differentiation, and function of thymocytes and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are controlled by a multitude of secreted and intracellular factors, ranging from cytokine signaling modules to transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers. Members of the E26 transformation specific (Ets) family of transcription factors, in particular, are potent regulators of these CD4(+) or CD8(+) T-cell processes. In this review, we summarize and discuss the functions and underlying mechanisms of the Ets family members that have been characterized as involved in these processes. Ongoing research of these factors is expected to identify practical applications for the Ets family members as novel therapeutic targets for inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Liu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China.,Battalion 10 of Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Weiwu Gao
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | | | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Bing Ni
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yi Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
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12
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Chen L, Huang Z, Yang B, Cai B, Su Z, Wang L. Association of E26 Transformation Specific Sequence 1 Variants with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Chinese Han Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134875. [PMID: 26241881 PMCID: PMC4524679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE E26 transformation specific sequence 1 (ETS-1) belongs to the ETS family of transcription factors that regulate the expression of various immune-related genes. Increasing evidence indicates that ETS-1 could contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Recent research has provided evidence that ETS-1 might correlate with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but it's not clearly defined. In this study, we aimed to identify whether polymorphisms of ETS-1 play a role in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility and development in Chinese Han population. METHODS Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within ETS-1 were selected based on HapMap data and previous associated studies. Whole blood and serum samples were obtained from 158 patients with RA and 192 healthy subjects. Genotyping was performed with polymerase chain reaction-high resolution melting (PCR-HRM) assay and the data was analyzed using SPSS17.0. RESULTS A significantly positive correlation was observed between the SNP rs73013527 of ETS-1 and RA susceptibility, DAS28 and CRP (P<0.001, P = 0.001, and P = 0.028, respectively). Carriers of the haplotype CCT or TCT for rs4937333, rs11221332 and rs73013527 were associated with decreased risk of RA as compared to controls. No statistical significant difference was observed in the distribution of rs10893872, rs4937333 and rs11221332 genotypes between RA patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS Our data further supports that ETS-1 has a relevant role in the pathogenesis and development of RA. Allele T of rs73013527 plays a protective role in occurrence of RA but a risk factor in the high disease activity. Rs10893872, rs11221332 and rs4937333 are not associated with RA susceptibility and clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuochun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanlan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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13
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Fodil M, Teixeira VH, Chaudru V, Hilliquin P, Bombardieri S, Balsa A, Westhovens R, Barrera P, Alves H, Migliorin P, Bardin T, Cornelis F, Boudjema A, Petit-Teixeira E. Relationship between SNPs and expression level for candidate genes in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2014; 44:2-7. [PMID: 25221852 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2014.918175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study of polymorphisms of genes differentially expressed may lead to the identification of putative causal genetic variants in multifactorial diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Based on preceding transcriptomic results, we genotyped 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) belonging to six genes (S100A8, RNASE2, PGLYRP1, RUNX3, IL2RB, and LY96) showing the highest fold change (> 1.9) when level of expression was compared between RA patients and controls. These SNPs were then analysed to evaluate their role in RA. METHOD The relationship between gene expression and genotypes of SNPs was first investigated by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests in RA patients and controls. The genetic association of these SNPs with RA were then analysed using family-based association tests in trio families. RESULTS We found that RNASE2 gene expression was related to rs2013109 genotypes in 14 RA patients (p = 0.030). The association study in a discovery sample of 200 French trio families revealed a significant association with RA for one SNP, PGLYRP1-rs2041992 (p = 0.019); this association was stronger in trios where RA patients carried the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) (p = 0.003). However, this association was not found in a replication sample of 240 European trio families (p = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS Family-based association tests did not reveal an association between RA and any SNP of the candidate genes tested. However, RNASE2 gene expression was differentially expressed in RA patients considering a sequence polymorphism. This result led us to highlight the potential disease-specific regulation for this candidate gene in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fodil
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Val d'Essonne University, Evry-Genopole , France
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Shan S, Dang J, Li J, Yang Z, Zhao H, Xin Q, Ma X, Liu Y, Bian X, Gong Y, Liu Q. ETS1 variants confer susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in Han Chinese. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R87. [PMID: 24708692 PMCID: PMC4060494 DOI: 10.1186/ar4530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction ETS1 is a negative regulator of the Th17 differentiation gene and plays a central role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. We aimed to investigate whether polymorphisms in ETS1 confer susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Han Chinese. Methods We selected seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within ETS1 based on HapMap data and previous genome-wide association study. Genotyping involved the TaqMan method in 1,015 patients with AS and 1,132 healthy controls from Shandong Province, and 352 AS patients and 400 healthy controls from Ningxia, a northwest region in China. Gene expression was determined by real-time PCR. Results The SNP rs1128334 was strongly associated with AS (odds ratio 1.204, 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.37; P = 0.005). This association was confiexrmed in the Ningxia population (P = 0.015). Carriers of the haplotype TAT for rs12574073, rs1128334 and rs4937333 were associated with increased risk of AS and haplotype CGC with reduced risk as compared to controls. In addition, ETS1 expression was lower in AS patients than controls. The risk allele A of rs1128334 and haplotype A-T of rs1128334 and rs4937333 were associated with decreased expression of ETS1. Conclusions Common variants in ETS1 may contribute to AS susceptibility in Han Chinese people.
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Negi S, Juyal G, Senapati S, Prasad P, Gupta A, Singh S, Kashyap S, Kumar A, Kumar U, Gupta R, Kaur S, Agrawal S, Aggarwal A, Ott J, Jain S, Juyal RC, Thelma BK. A genome-wide association study reveals ARL15, a novel non-HLA susceptibility gene for rheumatoid arthritis in North Indians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 65:3026-35. [PMID: 23918589 DOI: 10.1002/art.38110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and their subsequent meta-analyses have changed the landscape of genetics in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by uncovering several novel genes. Such studies are heavily weighted by samples from Caucasian populations, but they explain only a small proportion of total heritability. Our previous studies in genetically distinct North Indian RA cohorts have demonstrated apparent allelic/genetic heterogeneity between North Indian and Western populations, warranting GWAS in non-European populations. We undertook this study to detect additional disease-associated loci that may be collectively important in the presence or absence of genes with a major effect. METHODS High-quality genotypes for >600,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 706 RA patients and 761 controls from North India were generated in the discovery stage. Twelve SNPs showing suggestive association (P < 5 × 10(-5)) were then tested in an independent cohort of 927 RA patients and 1,148 controls. Additional disease-associated loci were determined using support vector machine (SVM) analyses. Fine-mapping of novel loci was performed by using imputation. RESULTS In addition to the expected association of the HLA locus with RA, we identified association with a novel intronic SNP of ARL15 (rs255758) on chromosome 5 (Pcombined = 6.57 × 10(-6); odds ratio 1.42). Genotype-phenotype correlation by assaying adiponectin levels demonstrated the functional significance of this novel gene in disease pathogenesis. SVM analysis confirmed this association along with that of a few more replication stage genes. CONCLUSION In this first GWAS of RA among North Indians, ARL15 emerged as a novel genetic risk factor in addition to the classic HLA locus, which suggests that population-specific genetic loci as well as those shared between Asian and European populations contribute to RA etiology. Furthermore, our study reveals the potential of machine learning methods in unraveling gene-gene interactions using GWAS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Negi
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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Chatzikyriakidou A, Voulgari PV, Drosos AA. Lack of association of the autophagy-related gene polymorphism ATG16L1 rs2241880 in RA predisposition. Rheumatol Int 2013; 34:477-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Review of Ets1 structure, function, and roles in immunity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3375-90. [PMID: 23288305 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Ets1 transcription factor is a member of the Ets gene family and is highly conserved throughout evolution. Ets1 is known to regulate a number of important biological processes in normal cells and in tumors. In particular, Ets1 has been associated with regulation of immune cell function and with an aggressive behavior in tumors that express it at high levels. Here we review and summarize the general features of Ets1 and describe its roles in immunity and autoimmunity, with a focus on its roles in B lymphocytes. We also review evidence that suggests that Ets1 may play a role in malignant transformation of hematopoietic malignancies including B cell malignancies.
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