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Oliveira JSE, Gomes JMG, Costa JDA, Oliveira LLD, Alfenas RDCG. Increased calcium intake from skimmed milk in energy-restricted diets reduces glycation markers in adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Nutr Res 2024; 127:40-52. [PMID: 38861793 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The effect of calcium (Ca) on glycation markers is unknown. We hypothesized that increased Ca intake from skimmed milk associated with an energy-restricted diet intake will reduce glycation markers. This reduction will be associated with a greater improvement in markers of metabolic control in adults with type 2 diabetes, overweight, and low habitual Ca intake (<600 mg/d). In this secondary data analysis based on a crossover clinical trial, 14 adults were allocated into 2 groups: high calcium (shake containing 700 mg Ca/day) or low calcium (shake with 6.4 mg Ca/day), for 12 consecutive weeks per session. Energy-restricted diets were also prescribed (-500 kcal/d, 800 mg of dietary Ca/d) to all participants. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE), glycemic control, and lipid profile were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. High-calcium serum AGE concentrations and AGE/sRAGE ratio were lower at the end of the study. ΔAGE and ΔAGE/sRAGE ratio were both positively associated with Δtriglycerides, Δtotal cholesterol, Δtriglyceride-glucose index and variations, and Δvisceral adiposity index. ΔAGE/sRAGE was positively associated with Δfructosamine and Δhigh-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and negatively associated with male sex. Consumption of approximately 1200 mg/day of calcium (3 servings of skim milk) reduced serum AGEs concentrations and the AGE/sRAGE ratio in individuals with diabetes. In general, positive changes in glycation markers are associated with lipid profile, insulin resistance, and adiposity markers worsening. ΔAGEs/ΔsRAGE ratio seems to be a better marker of metabolic status than ΔAGEs and ΔsRAGE alone. Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02377076).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Silva E Oliveira
- Departamento de Nutricao e Saude, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Júnia Maria Geraldo Gomes
- Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, 36205-018, Barbacena, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jorge de Assis Costa
- Departamento de Ciencia Humana e Línguas, Universidade Estadual de Minas Gerais, 36500-000, Uba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Mabry S, Bradshaw JL, Gardner JJ, Wilson EN, Cunningham RL. Sex-dependent effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia: implication for obstructive sleep apnea. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:38. [PMID: 38664845 PMCID: PMC11044342 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 10-26% of adults in the United States with known sex differences in prevalence and severity. OSA is characterized by elevated inflammation, oxidative stress (OS), and cognitive dysfunction. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the role of sex in the OSA phenotype. Prior findings suggest women exhibit different OSA phenotypes than men, which could result in under-reported OSA prevalence in women. To examine the relationship between OSA and sex, we used chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) to model OSA in rats. We hypothesized that CIH would produce sex-dependent phenotypes of inflammation, OS, and cognitive dysfunction, and these sex differences would be dependent on mitochondrial oxidative stress (mtOS). METHODS Adult male and female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to CIH or normoxia for 14 days to examine the impact of sex on CIH-associated circulating inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), circulating steroid hormones, circulating OS, and behavior (recollective and spatial memory; gross and fine motor function; anxiety-like behaviors; and compulsive behaviors). Rats were implanted with osmotic minipumps containing either a mitochondria-targeting antioxidant (MitoTEMPOL) or saline vehicle 1 week prior to CIH initiation to examine how inhibiting mtOS would affect the CIH phenotype. RESULTS Sex-specific differences in CIH-induced inflammation, OS, motor function, and compulsive behavior were observed. In female rats, CIH increased inflammation (plasma IL-6 and IL-6/IL-10 ratio) and impaired fine motor function. Conversely, CIH elevated circulating OS and compulsivity in males. These sex-dependent effects of CIH were blocked by inhibiting mtOS. Interestingly, CIH impaired recollective memory in both sexes but these effects were not mediated by mtOS. No effects of CIH were observed on spatial memory, gross motor function, or anxiety-like behavior, regardless of sex. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the impact of CIH is dependent on sex, such as an inflammatory response and OS response in females and males, respectively, that are mediated by mtOS. Interestingly, there was no effect of sex or mtOS in CIH-induced impairment of recollective memory. These results indicate that mtOS is involved in the sex differences observed in CIH, but a different mechanism underlies CIH-induced memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Mabry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA
| | - Jessica L Bradshaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA
| | - Jennifer J Gardner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA
| | - E Nicole Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA
| | - Rebecca L Cunningham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA.
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3
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Mabry S, Bradshaw JL, Gardner JJ, Wilson EN, Cunningham R. Sex-dependent effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia: Implication for obstructive sleep apnea. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3898670. [PMID: 38352622 PMCID: PMC10862974 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3898670/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 10-26% of adults in the United States with known sex differences in prevalence and severity. OSA is characterized by elevated inflammation, oxidative stress (OS), and cognitive dysfunction. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the role of sex in the OSA phenotype. Prior findings suggest women exhibit different OSA phenotypes than men, which could result in under-reported OSA prevalence in women. To examine the relationship between OSA and sex, we used chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) to model OSA in rats. We hypothesized that CIH would produce sex-dependent phenotypes of inflammation, OS, and cognitive dysfunction, and these sex differences would be dependent on mitochondrial oxidative stress (mtOS). Methods Adult male and female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to CIH or normoxia for 14 days to examine the impact of sex on CIH-associated circulating inflammation (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), circulating OS, and behavior (recollective and spatial memory; gross and fine motor function; anxiety-like behaviors; and compulsive behaviors). A subset of rats was implanted with osmotic minipumps containing either a mitochondria-targeting antioxidant (MitoTEMPOL) or saline vehicle 1 week prior to CIH initiation to examine how inhibiting mtOS would affect the CIH phenotype. Results Sex-specific differences in CIH-induced inflammation, OS, motor function, and compulsive behavior were observed. In female rats, CIH increased inflammation (plasma IL-6 and IL-6/IL-10 ratio) and impaired fine motor function. Conversely, CIH elevated circulating OS and compulsivity in males. These sex-dependent effects of CIH were blocked by inhibiting mtOS. Interestingly, CIH impaired recollective memory in both sexes but these effects were not mediated by mtOS. No effects of CIH were observed on spatial memory, gross motor function, or anxiety-like behavior, regardless of sex. Conclusions Our results indicate that the impact of CIH is dependent on sex, such as an inflammatory response and OS response in females and males, respectively, that are mediated by mtOS. Interestingly, there was no effect of sex or mtOS in CIH-induced impairment of recollective memory. These results indicate that mtOS is involved in the sex differences observed in CIH, but a different mechanism underlies CIH-induced memory impairments.
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Martínez de Toda I, González-Sánchez M, Díaz-Del Cerro E, Valera G, Carracedo J, Guerra-Pérez N. Sex differences in markers of oxidation and inflammation. Implications for ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111797. [PMID: 36868323 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is a key factor to consider in the ageing process given the impact that it has on life expectancy. The oxidative-inflammatory theory of ageing states that the ageing process is the result of the establishment of oxidative stress which, due to the interplay of the immune system, translates into inflammatory stress, and that both processes are responsible for the damage and loss of function of an organism. We show that there are relevant gender differences in a number of oxidative and inflammatory markers and propose that they may account for the differential lifespan between sexes, given that males display, in general, higher oxidation and basal inflammation. In addition, we explain the significant role of circulating cell-free DNA as a marker of oxidative damage and an inductor of inflammation, connecting both processes and having the potential to become a useful ageing marker. Finally, we discuss how oxidative and inflammatory changes take place differentially with ageing in each sex, which could also have an impact on the sex-differential lifespan. Further research including sex as an essential variable is needed to understand the grounds of sex differences in ageing and to better comprehend ageing itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica González-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Díaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gemma Valera
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julia Carracedo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Natalia Guerra-Pérez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
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Cabañero D, Villalba-Riquelme E, Fernández-Ballester G, Fernández-Carvajal A, Ferrer-Montiel A. ThermoTRP channels in pain sexual dimorphism: new insights for drug intervention. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108297. [PMID: 36202261 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major burden for the society and remains more prevalent and severe in females. The presence of chronic pain is linked to persistent alterations in the peripheral and the central nervous system. One of the main types of peripheral pain transducers are the transient receptor potential channels (TRP), also known as thermoTRP channels, which intervene in the perception of hot and cold external stimuli. These channels, and especially TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPM8, have been subjected to profound investigation because of their role as thermosensors and also because of their implication in acute and chronic pain. Surprisingly, their sensitivity to endogenous signaling has been far less studied. Cumulative evidence suggests that the function of these channels may be differently modulated in males and females, in part through sexual hormones, and this could constitute a significant contributor to the sex differences in chronic pain. Here, we review the exciting advances in thermoTRP pharmacology for males and females in two paradigmatic types of chronic pain with a strong peripheral component: chronic migraine and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). The possibilities of peripheral druggability offered by these channels and the differential exploitation for men and women represent a development opportunity that will lead to a significant increment of the armamentarium of analgesic medicines for personalized chronic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cabañero
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Eva Villalba-Riquelme
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Gregorio Fernández-Ballester
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Asia Fernández-Carvajal
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain.
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6
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Association of physical fitness with skin autofluorescence-derived advanced glycation end products in children. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:1106-1111. [PMID: 31791044 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate with age and development of cardiovascular disease. Higher AGEs have been shown in children with diabetes but little is known about their association with lifestyle conditions in childhood. We hypothesized that BMI, blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with subcutaneous AGEs formation in children. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 1075 children (aged 7.2 ± 0.4 years) were screened for subcutaneous AGEs (skin autofluorescence; SAF), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and CRF using standardized procedures. Group comparisons were performed in clinical BP and BMI categories and tertiles of CRF. RESULTS Children with higher physical fitness showed lower SAF (0.99(1.03;1.10)au) compared to children with low CRF (1.09(1.03;1.05)au, p < 0.001). An increase of one shuttle run stage was associated with a mean reduction in SAF of -0.033(CI: -0.042;-0.024)au, independent of BMI and BP (p < 0.001). BMI and BP were not independently associated with SAF-derived AGEs in this large cohort of primary school children. CONCLUSIONS Low physical fitness but not BMI and BP were associated with higher levels of AGEs. Primary prevention programs in young children may need to focus on improving physical fitness in game settings in order to reduce the growing prevalence of metabolic disorders during childhood.
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7
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Maguire DG, Ruddock MW, Milanak ME, Moore T, Cobice D, Armour C. Sleep, a Governor of Morbidity in PTSD: A Systematic Review of Biological Markers in PTSD-Related Sleep Disturbances. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:545-562. [PMID: 32801980 PMCID: PMC7402856 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s260734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances (SD) are the most impactful and commonly reported symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet, they are often resistant to primary PTSD therapies. Research has identified two distinct SDs highly prevalent in PTSD; insomnia and nightmares. Those who report SDs prior to a traumatic event are at greater risk for developing PTSD; highlighting that sleep potentially plays a role in PTSD's pathology. To further understand the pathobiological mechanisms that lead to the development of PTSD, it is first imperative to understand the interplay which exists between sleep and PTSD on a biological level. The aim of this systematic review is to determine if biological or physiological markers are related to SD in PTSD. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on the electronic databases; Medline, Embase, AMED and PsycINFO, using Medical Subject Headings and associated keywords. RESULTS Sixteen studies were included in the final analyses. Physiological makers of autonomic function, and biochemical markers of HPA-axis activity; inflammatory processes; and trophic factor regulation were related to the severity of SDs in PTSD. CONCLUSION These findings add to the growing literature base supporting a central focus on sleep in research aiming to define the pathophysiological processes which result in PTSD, as well as emphasising the importance of specifically targeting sleep as part of a successful PTSD intervention strategy. Resolving SDs will not only reduce PTSD symptom severity and improve quality of life but will also reduce all-cause mortality, hospital admissions and lifetime healthcare costs for those with PTSD. Limitations of the current literature are discussed, and key recommendations future research must adhere to are made within.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Maguire
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Mark W Ruddock
- Randox Laboratories Ltd, Clinical Studies, Crumlin, County Antrim BT29 4QY, Northern Ireland
| | - Melissa E Milanak
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Tara Moore
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Diego Cobice
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Cherie Armour
- School of Psychology, David Keir Building, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland
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Rivera-Mancía S, Jiménez-Osorio AS, Medina-Campos ON, Colín-Ramírez E, Vallejo M, Alcántara-Gaspar A, Cartas-Rosado R, Vargas-Barrón J, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and Their Association with Lipid Profile in Mexican People without Cardiovascular Disease: An Analysis of Interactions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122687. [PMID: 30487467 PMCID: PMC6313725 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and oxidative stress are both considered to be factors involved in cardiovascular disease; however, the relationship between them has been little explored. In this work, we studied the association between the lipid profile and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as paraoxonase-1 (PON1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), ceruloplasmin, and catalase, as well as total antioxidant capacity (the ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)), in 626 volunteers without cardiovascular disease. Their lipid profile was evaluated, and they were classified as having or not having high triglycerides (↑TG), high low-density cholesterol (↑LDLC), and low high-density cholesterol (↓HDLC), resulting in eight groups: Without dyslipidemia, ↑TG, ↑LDLC, ↓HDLC, ↑TG↑LDLC, ↑TG↓HDLC, ↑LDLC↓HDLC, and ↑TG↑LDLC↓HDLC. When comparisons by group were made, no significant differences in the activity of antioxidant enzymes were obtained. However, the linear regression analysis considering the potential interactions between ↑TG, ↑LDLC, and ↓HDLC suggested a triple interaction between the three lipid profile alterations on the activity of PON1 and a double interaction between ↑TG and ↑LDLC on ferroxidase-ceruloplasmin activity. The analysis presented in this work showed an association between the lipid profile and antioxidant-enzyme activity and highlighted the importance of considering the interactions between the components of a phenomenon instead of studying them individually. Longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the nature of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rivera-Mancía
- CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Cardiología 'Ignacio Chávez', Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
| | - Angélica Saraí Jiménez-Osorio
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica del Hospital Regional Lic. Adolfo López Mateos, ISSSTE, Av. Universidad 1321, Florida, Álvaro Obregón, Ciudad de México 01030, Mexico.
| | - Omar Noel Medina-Campos
- Departamento Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| | - Eloísa Colín-Ramírez
- CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Cardiología 'Ignacio Chávez', Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
| | - Maite Vallejo
- Departamento de Investigación Sociomédica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología 'Ignacio Chávez' Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
| | - Ariadna Alcántara-Gaspar
- Departamento de Investigación Sociomédica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología 'Ignacio Chávez' Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Cartas-Rosado
- CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Cardiología 'Ignacio Chávez', Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Vargas-Barrón
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología 'Ignacio Chávez' Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
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Kovalčíková A, Gyurászová M, Vavrincová-Yaghi D, Vavrinec P, Tóthová Ľ, Boor P, Šebeková K, Celec P. Oxidative stress in the brain caused by acute kidney injury. Metab Brain Dis 2018. [PMID: 29516412 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Uremic encephalopathy is a severe complication of renal failure. The underlying pathogenesis is unknown although several mechanisms have been suggested. Renal failure causes oxidative stress leading to cardiovascular complications. It has been suggested as the potential mediator of uremic encephalopathy as well, but it is largely unknown whether brain tissue itself undergoes oxidative damage in uremia. The aim of our experiment was to analyze oxidative stress markers in different brain regions in an animal model of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI was induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in male Wistar rats. Urine was collected in metabolic cages after 24 h. Samples of plasma and several brain regions were collected after 48 h. Markers of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and total antioxidant capacity were assessed. Renal failure was confirmed by high plasma creatinine, urea and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio. Our data confirmed increased systemic oxidative stress in the AKI group with plasma concentrations of markers of oxidative damage being twice as high compared to the sham-operated control group. No effect was seen in the urine. In the hippocampus, lipid and protein oxidation was higher, while antioxidant capacity was lower in the rats with AKI. Lipid oxidation markers in the frontal cortex were higher by 33%. No differences to controls were found in the cerebellum and hypothalamus. In conclusion, our results indicate that AKI leads to oxidative stress in the brain, especially in the hippocampus and in the frontal cortex. This kidney-brain crosstalk mediated by increased oxidative stress might explain some of the symptoms of uremic encephalopathy. The causes and consequences of oxidative damage observed in the brain during AKI remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kovalčíková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 841 01, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marianna Gyurászová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 841 01, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Diana Vavrincová-Yaghi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Vavrinec
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomíra Tóthová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 841 01, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 841 01, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Pathology and Department of Nephrology, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katarína Šebeková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 841 01, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 841 01, Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Put "gender glasses" on the effects of phenolic compounds on cardiovascular function and diseases. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:2677-2691. [PMID: 29696400 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The influence of sex and gender is particularly relevant in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as in several aspects of drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Anatomical and physiological differences between the sexes may influence the activity of many drugs, including the possibility of their interaction with other drugs, bioactive compounds, foods and beverages. Phenolic compounds could interact with our organism at organ, cellular, and molecular levels triggering a preventive action against chronic diseases, including CVD. RESULTS This article will review the role of sex on the activity of these bioactive molecules, considering the existence of sex differences in oxidative stress. It describes the pharmacokinetics of phenolic compounds, their effects on vessels, on cardiovascular system, and during development, including the role of nuclear receptors and microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Although there is a large gap between the knowledge of the sex differences in the phenolic compounds' activity and safety, and the urgent need for more research, available data underlie the possibility that plant-derived phenolic compounds could differently influence the health of male and female subjects.
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Markers of oxidative stress, skeletal muscle mass and function, and their responses to resistance exercise training in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2018; 103:101-106. [PMID: 29326089 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) negatively affects skeletal muscle homeostasis in experimental models of ageing. However, little is known about the associations between circulating OS markers and parameters of muscle mass and function, and their responses to exercise training, in humans. METHODS Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC, primary outcome) and isokinetic torque of the knee extensors at 30° s-1 (MIT), muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) and quality (MQ, secondary outcomes), and plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA, pro-OS), homocysteine (HCY, pro-OS), taurine (TAU, anti-OS), and protein sulphydryl groups (PSH, anti-OS) were measured in 27 healthy older males and 23 females at baseline and after an 18-week resistance exercise program, with or without a nutritional intervention (fish oil vs. placebo). RESULTS After adjusting for age, glomerular filtration rate, and nutritional intervention, there were no significant correlations between baseline OS markers and muscle parameters, barring a positive association between TAU and MIT in females (r = 0.53, P = .035) and between MDA and MCSA in males (r = 0.69, P = .001). Training did not significantly change OS markers, except for a reduction in MDA in females (-0.27 μmol/L, 95% CI -0.51 to -0.02, P = .034). In females, there were significant correlations between baseline MDA and exercise-induced changes in MVC (P = .018), baseline TAU and changes in MCSA (P = .026), and baseline HCY and changes in MCSA (P = .046) and MQ (P = .022). In males, baseline MDA was significantly associated with exercise-induced changes in MVC (P = .040). CONCLUSIONS Plasma MDA, HCY, and TAU were significantly associated with baseline and/or exercise-induced changes in muscle mass and function in healthy older adults, primarily in females. Pending further confirmation in other populations, specific OS markers, particularly MDA, might predict muscle responses to resistance exercise programs in old age.
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Džunková M, Martinez-Martinez D, Gardlík R, Behuliak M, Janšáková K, Jiménez N, Vázquez-Castellanos JF, Martí JM, D’Auria G, Bandara HMHN, Latorre A, Celec P, Moya A. Oxidative stress in the oral cavity is driven by individual-specific bacterial communities. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2018; 4:29. [PMID: 30510769 PMCID: PMC6258756 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-018-0072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The term "bacterial dysbiosis" is being used quite extensively in metagenomic studies, however, the identification of harmful bacteria often fails due to large overlap between the bacterial species found in healthy volunteers and patients. We hypothesized that the pathogenic oral bacteria are individual-specific and they correlate with oxidative stress markers in saliva which reflect the inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. Temporally direct and lagged correlations between the markers and bacterial taxa were computed individually for 26 volunteers who provided saliva samples during one month (21.2 ± 2.7 samples/volunteer, 551 samples in total). The volunteers' microbiomes differed significantly by their composition and also by their degree of microbiome temporal variability and oxidative stress markers fluctuation. The results showed that each of the marker-taxa pairs can have negative correlations in some volunteers while positive in others. Streptococcus mutans, which used to be associated with caries before the metagenomics era, had the most prominent correlations with the oxidative stress markers, however, these correlations were not confirmed in all volunteers. The importance of longitudinal samples collections in correlation studies was underlined by simulation of single sample collections in 1000 different combinations which produced contradictory results. In conclusion, the distinct intra-individual correlation patterns suggest that different bacterial consortia might be involved in the oxidative stress induction in each human subject. In the future, decreasing cost of DNA sequencing will allow to analyze multiple samples from each patient, which might help to explore potential diagnostic applications and understand pathogenesis of microbiome-associated oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Džunková
- grid.484129.2Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
- 0000 0001 2173 938Xgrid.5338.dInstitute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), The University of Valencia and The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-UVEG, Valencia, Spain
- 0000 0000 9320 7537grid.1003.2Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - Daniel Martinez-Martinez
- grid.484129.2Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
- 0000 0001 2173 938Xgrid.5338.dInstitute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), The University of Valencia and The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-UVEG, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roman Gardlík
- 0000000109409708grid.7634.6Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Behuliak
- 0000000109409708grid.7634.6Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- 0000 0001 1015 3316grid.418095.1Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Janšáková
- 0000000109409708grid.7634.6Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- 0000000109409708grid.7634.6Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nuria Jiménez
- grid.484129.2Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
- 0000 0001 2173 938Xgrid.5338.dInstitute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), The University of Valencia and The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-UVEG, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge F. Vázquez-Castellanos
- grid.484129.2Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Martí
- 0000 0001 2173 938Xgrid.5338.dInstitute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), The University of Valencia and The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-UVEG, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe D’Auria
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
- grid.484129.2Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service of the Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
| | - H. M. H. N. Bandara
- 0000 0000 9320 7537grid.1003.2School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD Australia
| | - Amparo Latorre
- grid.484129.2Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
- 0000 0001 2173 938Xgrid.5338.dInstitute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), The University of Valencia and The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-UVEG, Valencia, Spain
| | - Peter Celec
- 0000000109409708grid.7634.6Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrés Moya
- grid.484129.2Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
- 0000 0001 2173 938Xgrid.5338.dInstitute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), The University of Valencia and The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-UVEG, Valencia, Spain
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Debevec T, Pialoux V, Ehrström S, Ribon A, Eiken O, Mekjavic IB, Millet GP. FemHab: The effects of bed rest and hypoxia on oxidative stress in healthy women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:930-8. [PMID: 26796757 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00919.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Independently, both inactivity and hypoxia augment oxidative stress. This study, part of the FemHab project, investigated the combined effects of bed rest-induced unloading and hypoxic exposure on oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Healthy, eumenorrheic women were randomly assigned to the following three 10-day experimental interventions: normoxic bed rest (NBR;n= 11; PiO2 = 133 mmHg), normobaric hypoxic bed rest (HBR;n= 12; PiO2 = 90 mmHg), and ambulatory hypoxic confinement (HAMB;n= 8: PiO2 = 90 mmHg). Plasma samples, obtained before (Pre), during (D2, D6), immediately after (Post) and 24 h after (Post+1) each intervention, were analyzed for oxidative stress markers [advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrotyrosine], antioxidant status [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and uric acid (UA)], NO metabolism end-products (NOx), and nitrites. Compared with baseline, AOPP increased in NBR and HBR on D2 (+14%; +12%;P< 0.05), D6 (+19%; +15%;P< 0.05), and Post (+22%; +21%;P< 0.05), respectively. MDA increased at Post+1 in NBR (+116%;P< 0.01) and D2 in HBR (+114%;P< 0.01) and HAMB (+95%;P< 0.05). Nitrotyrosine decreased (-45%;P< 0.05) and nitrites increased (+46%;P< 0.05) at Post+1 in HAMB only. Whereas SOD was higher at D6 (+82%) and Post+1 (+67%) in HAMB only, the catalase activity increased on D6 (128%) and Post (146%) in HBR and HAMB, respectively (P< 0.05). GPX was only reduced on D6 (-20%;P< 0.01) and Post (-18%;P< 0.05) in HBR. No differences were observed in FRAP and NOx. UA was higher at Post in HBR compared with HAMB (P< 0.05). These data indicate that exposure to combined inactivity and hypoxia impairs prooxidant/antioxidant balance in healthy women. Moreover, habitual activity levels, as opposed to inactivity, seem to blunt hypoxia-related oxidative stress via antioxidant system upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadej Debevec
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Center of Research and Innovation on Sports, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sabine Ehrström
- Center of Research and Innovation on Sports, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandra Ribon
- Center of Research and Innovation on Sports, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ola Eiken
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Centre, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor B Mekjavic
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Stępniewska J, Dołęgowska B, Cecerska-Heryć E, Gołembiewska E, Malinowska-Jędraszczyk A, Marchelek-Myśliwiec M, Ciechanowski K. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in blood platelets in different types of renal replacement therapy: a cross-sectional study. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:593-9. [PMID: 26797857 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-1204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The changes in redox status characterise physiological platelet activation. Increased oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with uremic toxicity and procedures of renal replacement therapy leads to the impairment of antioxidant properties of platelets. It may contribute to thrombosis and cardiovascular complications increasing morbidity and mortality among the CKD patients. The object of the research was to assess the influence of conservative treatment, peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis on platelet prooxidative-antioxidative balance. METHODS The examined group consisted of 122 patients: 37 on regular haemodialysis (HD), 23 on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 62 on conservative treatment with CKD stages 3-5 (CKD3-5). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione transpherase (GST) in platelets were obtained using kinetic methods. The spectrophotometric method established the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH). RESULTS SOD activity in PD differs significantly from CKD3-5 (4.96 vs 1.66; p < 0.0001). CAT activity assessed in PD and CKD3-5 was significantly different from HD (0.82 and 0.8 vs 0.52 before and 0.35 after HD, respectively). GST activity reached the highest value in PD (1.62), and it was significantly different from CKD3-5 (0.23) and HD before haemodialysis (0.11). During haemodialysis therapy, there was a considerable increase in GST activity (0.11 vs 0.3; p = 0.02) and decrease in SOD activity (from 3.41 to 2.27; p = 0.01). The highest GSH concentrations were obtained in CKD3-5 and differ significantly from HD (4.12 vs 2.01; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The type of treatment, age and duration of renal replacement therapy determined significant changes in platelet antioxidative enzymes activities and concentration of GSH, which may enhance the thrombotic complications. PD is associated with lower platelet oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stępniewska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Medical Analysis, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Edyta Gołembiewska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alicja Malinowska-Jędraszczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Marchelek-Myśliwiec
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Ciechanowski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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Heterogeneity of Systemic Oxidative Stress Profiles in COPD: A Potential Role of Gender. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:201843. [PMID: 26167238 PMCID: PMC4488160 DOI: 10.1155/2015/201843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays a key role in the muscle impairment and exercise capacity of COPD patients. However, the literature reveals that systemic OS markers show great heterogeneity, which may hinder the prescription of effective antioxidant supplementation. This study therefore aimed to identify OS markers imbalance of COPD patients, relative to validated normal reference values, and to investigate the possibility of systemic OS profiles. We measured systemic enzymatic/nonenzymatic antioxidant and lipid peroxidation (LP) levels in 54 stable COPD patients referred for a rehabilitation program. The main systemic antioxidant deficits in these patients concerned vitamins and trace elements. Fully 89% of the COPD patients showed a systemic antioxidant imbalance which may have caused the elevated systemic LP levels in 69% of them. Interestingly, two patient profiles (clusters 3 and 4) had a more elevated increase in LP combined with increased copper and/or decreased vitamin C, GSH, and GPx. Further analysis revealed that the systemic LP level was higher in COPD women and associated with exercise capacity.
Our present data therefore support future supplementations with antioxidant vitamins and trace elements to improve exercise capacity, but COPD patients will probably show different positive responses.
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Tóthová L, Hodosy J, Mucska I, Celec P. Salivary markers of oxidative stress in patients with obstructive sleep apnea treated with continuous positive airway pressure. Sleep Breath 2013; 18:563-70. [PMID: 24323279 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-013-0919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by elevated oxidative stress. Measurement of oxidative stress in saliva seems to be promising in long-term treatment monitoring of OSAS patients. In this study, our aim was to investigate whether short-term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment would influence oxidative stress in saliva. METHODS Patients with diagnosed OSAS (16 women, 28 men) underwent polysomnography during the first night and CPAP treatment during the second night. Saliva samples were taken in the evening and morning on both days. Markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status were analyzed in saliva. RESULTS Evening concentrations of the salivary thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (p < 0.001), advanced glycation end-products (p < 0.001), and advanced oxidation protein products (p < 0.01) were significantly lower than morning values during the diagnostic night. However, salivary concentrations of none of the oxidative stress markers were significantly influenced by the CPAP treatment. No changes in salivary antioxidant status after CPAP therapy were found. CONCLUSION Salivary markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status do not change significantly after one night treatment with CPAP. On the contrary, after 1 month with CPAP therapy, reduced markers of oxidative stress were reported. Therefore, the future studies should be focused on finding the optimal sampling frequency to clarify the potential of saliva for the monitoring of OSAS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L'ubomíra Tóthová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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