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McGill MR, Kaufman YJ, LoBianco FV, Schleiff MA, Aykin-Burns N, Miller GP. The role of cytochrome P450 3A4-mediated metabolism in sorafenib and lapatinib hepatotoxicity. LIVERS 2023; 3:310-321. [PMID: 38037613 PMCID: PMC10688230 DOI: 10.3390/livers3020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are increasingly popular drugs used to treat more than a dozen different diseases, including some forms of cancer. Despite having fewer adverse effects than traditional chemotherapies, they are not without risks. Liver injury is a particular concern. Of the FDA-approved TKIs, approximately 40% cause hepatotoxicity. However, little is known about the underlying pathophysiology. The leading hypothesis is that TKIs are converted by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) to reactive metabolites that damage proteins. Indeed, there is strong evidence for this bioactivation of TKIs in in vitro reactions. However, the actual toxic effects are underexplored. Here, we measured the cytotoxicity of several TKIs in primary mouse hepatocytes, HepaRG cells, and HepG2 cells with and without CYP3A4 modulation. To our surprise, the data indicate that CYP3A4 increases resistance to sorafenib and lapatinib hepatotoxicity. The results have implications for the mechanism of toxicity of these drugs in patients and underline the importance of selecting an appropriate experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R. McGill
- Dept. of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health; Depts. of Pharma-cology & Toxicology and Pathology, College of Medicine; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA
| | - Yihong J. Kaufman
- Dept. of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA
| | - Francesca V. LoBianco
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA
| | - Mary A. Schleiff
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA
| | - Nukhet Aykin-Burns
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA
| | - Grover P. Miller
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA
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Akram W, Tagde P, Ahmed S, Arora S, Emran TB, Babalghith AO, Sweilam SH, Simal-Gandara J. Guaiazulene and related compounds: A review of current perspective on biomedical applications. Life Sci 2023; 316:121389. [PMID: 36646376 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thousands of people worldwide pass away yearly due to neurological disorders, cardiovascular illnesses, cancer, metabolic disorders, and microbial infections. Additionally, a sizable population has also been impacted by hepatotoxicity, ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and breast fissure. These ailments are likewise steadily increasing along with the increase in life expectancy. Finding innovative therapies to cure and consequently lessen the impact of these ailments is, therefore, a global concern. METHODS AND MATERIALS All provided literature on Guaiazulene (GA) and its related compounds were searched using various electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Elsevier, Springer, ACS, CNKI, and books via the keywords Guaiazulene, Matricaria chamomilla, GA-related compounds, and Guaiazulene analogous. RESULTS The FDA has approved the bicyclic sesquiterpene GA, commonly referred to as azulon or 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylazulene, as a component in cosmetic colorants. The pleiotropic health advantages of GA and related substances, especially their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, attracted a lot of research. Numerous studies have found that GA can help to manage various conditions, including bacterial infections, tumors, immunomodulation, expectorants, diuretics, diaphoresis, ulcers, dermatitis, proliferation, and gastritis. These conditions all involve lipid peroxidation and inflammatory response. In this review, we have covered the biomedical applications of GA. Moreover, we also emphasize the therapeutic potential of guaiazulene derivatives in pre-clinical and clinical settings, along with their underlying mechanism(s). CONCLUSION GA and its related compounds exhibit therapeutic potential in several diseases. Still, it is necessary to investigate their potential in animal models for various other ailments and establish their safety profile. They might be a good candidate to advance to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Akram
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Priti Tagde
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Campus, Sector 125, Noida 201313, UP, India; PRISAL Foundation (Pharmaceutical Royal International Society), India.
| | - Sakeel Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Swamita Arora
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Campus, Sector 125, Noida 201313, UP, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmad O Babalghith
- Medical Genetics Department, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, E32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Rosas-Ramírez JR, Orozco-Hernández JM, Elizalde-Velázquez GA, Raldúa D, Islas-Flores H, Gómez-Oliván LM. Teratogenic effects induced by paracetamol, ciprofloxacin, and their mixture on Danio rerio embryos: Oxidative stress implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150541. [PMID: 34601175 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Even though the toxic effects of paracetamol (PCM) and ciprofloxacin (CPX) have been deeply studied in the last decades, the impact of the PCM-CPX mixture may induce in aquatic organisms is poorly known. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate the teratogenic effects and oxidative stress that PCM, CPX, and their mixture induce in Danio rerio embryos. Moreover, we aimed to determine whether the PCM-CPX mixture induces more severe effects on the embryos than the individual drugs. For this purpose, zebrafish embryos (4 hpf) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of PCM, CPX, and their mixture until 96 hpf. In addition, at 72 hpf and 96 hpf, we also evaluated the oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, and hydroperoxides and carbonyl content) in the embryos. Our results demonstrated that PCM, CPX, and their mixture reduced the survival rate of embryos by up to 75%. In addition, both drugs, induced morphological alterations in the embryos, causing their death. The most observed malformations were: scoliosis, craniofacial malformations, hypopigmentation, growth retardation, pericardial edema. Concerning oxidative stress, our integrated biomarkers response (IBR) analysis demonstrated that PCM, CPX, and their mixture induce oxidative damage on the embryos. In conclusion, PCM, CPX, and their mixture can alter zebrafish embryonic development via an oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ricardo Rosas-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Orozco-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Demetrio Raldúa
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
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Flynn NR, Ward MD, Schleiff MA, Laurin CMC, Farmer R, Conway SJ, Boysen G, Swamidass SJ, Miller GP. Bioactivation of Isoxazole-Containing Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Domain (BET) Inhibitors. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060390. [PMID: 34203690 PMCID: PMC8232216 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3,5-dimethylisoxazole motif has become a useful and popular acetyl-lysine mimic employed in isoxazole-containing bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitors but may introduce the potential for bioactivations into toxic reactive metabolites. As a test, we coupled deep neural models for quinone formation, metabolite structures, and biomolecule reactivity to predict bioactivation pathways for 32 BET inhibitors and validate the bioactivation of select inhibitors experimentally. Based on model predictions, inhibitors were more likely to undergo bioactivation than reported non-bioactivated molecules containing isoxazoles. The model outputs varied with substituents indicating the ability to scale their impact on bioactivation. We selected OXFBD02, OXFBD04, and I-BET151 for more in-depth analysis. OXFBD’s bioactivations were evenly split between traditional quinones and novel extended quinone-methides involving the isoxazole yet strongly favored the latter quinones. Subsequent experimental studies confirmed the formation of both types of quinones for OXFBD molecules, yet traditional quinones were the dominant reactive metabolites. Modeled I-BET151 bioactivations led to extended quinone-methides, which were not verified experimentally. The differences in observed and predicted bioactivations reflected the need to improve overall bioactivation scaling. Nevertheless, our coupled modeling approach predicted BET inhibitor bioactivations including novel extended quinone methides, and we experimentally verified those pathways highlighting potential concerns for toxicity in the development of these new drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah R. Flynn
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (N.R.F.); (M.D.W.); (R.F.)
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (N.R.F.); (M.D.W.); (R.F.)
| | - Mary A. Schleiff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | | | - Rohit Farmer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (N.R.F.); (M.D.W.); (R.F.)
| | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; (C.M.C.L.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Gunnar Boysen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - S. Joshua Swamidass
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (N.R.F.); (M.D.W.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.S.); (G.P.M.)
| | - Grover P. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.J.S.); (G.P.M.)
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Ahmadi A, Gandomi H, Derakhshandeh A, Misaghi A, Noori N. Phytochemical composition and in vitro safety evaluation of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. ethanolic extract: Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity assessment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113428. [PMID: 33011368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The application of the herb Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. in folk medicine and as a food additive has been recommended due to its many claimed bioactivities. Regardless of the plant benefits, its safety considerations are largely unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present research was to determine the chemical compositions and cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity potentials of the ethanolic extract of Ziziphora clinopdioides Lam. (EEZC). MATERIALS AND METHODS GC-MS and LC-MS analysis were used for chemical composition determination. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and trypan blue exclusion dye assays were used for cytotoxicity and the Comet assay was employed for genotoxicity assessment on human blood lymphocytes. Also, the Ames Salmonella/microsome test was carried out for the evaluation of mutagenicity. RESULTS Pulegone was the main component of the n-hexane fraction. Different phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected by LC-MS. The cytotoxicity study indicated a conspicuous decline in human lymphocyte viability ranging from 52% to 100% as showed by the MTT assay and 67% up to 100% by the trypan blue assay, at 1 and 10 mg/mL, respectively. The Comet assay results revealed a dose dependent genotoxicity, in so much as 90% and 98% of the cells were screened as damaged at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/mL, respectively. An incidence rate of 8% and 13% of grade 4 damage was observed at 5 and 10 mg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the DNA damage index (DI) was elevated dose-dependently by a rising concentration of the extract, wherein the DI at 10 mg/mL concentration was 2.22, which was 22 times greater than that of negative control, and even more than positive control. The Ames test exhibited no signs of mutagenicity for neither Salmonella typhimurium TA98 nor TA100 strains, accompanied or unaccompanied by S9 metabolic activation. CONCLUSION Results indicated a dose-dependent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity potential of the EEZC on human lymphocytes, suggesting that this plant should be used with caution by consumers, even in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Since the plant usage in daily life continues to increase due to its ever growing phytotherapical and phytonutritional properties, it may pose a health risk by its high concentration's uptake. Although no mutagenicity of this extract was observed in this study, further research is recommended to clarify the mutagenic risks of this herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Ahmadi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Gandomi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdollah Derakhshandeh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Misaghi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Negin Noori
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Jaladanki CK, Gahlawat A, Rathod G, Sandhu H, Jahan K, Bharatam PV. Mechanistic studies on the drug metabolism and toxicity originating from cytochromes P450. Drug Metab Rev 2020; 52:366-394. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1765792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya K. Jaladanki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Anuj Gahlawat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Gajanan Rathod
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Hardeep Sandhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Kousar Jahan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
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Pingili R, Pawar AK, Challa SR. Quercetin reduced the formation of
N
‐acetyl‐
p
‐benzoquinoneimine, a toxic metabolite of paracetamol in rats and isolated rat hepatocytes. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1770-1783. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindrababu Pingili
- Research and Development, Department of PharmacyJawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada India
- Department of PharmacologyKVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vijayawada India
| | - A. Krishnamanjari Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University College of Pharmaceutical SciencesAndhra University Visakhapatnam India
| | - Siva Reddy Challa
- Department of PharmacologyKVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vijayawada India
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Nephroprotective Effect of Herbal Extract Eurycoma longifolia on Paracetamol-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:4916519. [PMID: 31214269 PMCID: PMC6535855 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4916519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol (PCM) is a well-known drug widely used for its analgesic and antipyretic properties. PCM is generally considered as safe but overdose of PCM can cause nephrotoxicity. Traditionally, herbs have been used for the treatment of drug or toxin-induced renal disorders and numerous medicinal plants were tested for nephroprotection effect in PCM-induced nephrotoxicity model. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of the herbal extract Eurycoma longifolia (EL) against PCM-induced nephrotoxicity rat model. Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of eight rats each: control (vehicle 10 ml/kg), PCM alone (200 mg/kg PCM), EL 100 (EL 100 mg/kg+200 mg/kg PCM), EL 200 (EL 200 mg/kg+200 mg/kg PCM), and EL 400 (EL 400 mg/kg+200 mg/kg PCM). All animals from control group received vehicle daily and animals from groups PCM alone, EL 100, EL 200, and EL 400 received repeated dose of PCM and the assigned treatment of EL daily for a period of 14 days. On the 15th day, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, protein, and albumin were measured in blood and creatinine clearance was measured in urine collected over 24 hours. Kidney sections of all experimental groups underwent histopathological analysis. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum creatinine and blood urea levels in the PCM alone group compared to the treatment groups due to nephrotoxicity. In the treatment groups, there was a dose-dependent protection against PCM-induced changes observed in serum total protein, albumin, urea, and creatinine. Significant (p<0.05) drop was seen in serum creatinine and blood urea content in EL 200 and EL 400 groups. Creatinine clearance significantly increased for EL 200 (p<0.01) and EL 400 (p < 0.001) groups. Serum total protein and serum albumin content were significantly increased (p<0.05) in EL 200 and EL 400 groups compared to PCM alone group. Histopathological examination (H&E staining) of the rat kidneys revealed severe degeneration in the PCM alone group, while there was evidence of significant dose-dependent protection in the treatment groups against PCM-induced changes. The serum and urine biochemical results and histopathology analysis of the kidney indicate the nephroprotective potential of EL extract against PCM-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Pingili RB, Pawar AK, Challa SR. Effect of chrysin on the formation of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine, a toxic metabolite of paracetamol in rats and isolated rat hepatocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 302:123-134. [PMID: 30794797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol (N-acetyl-para amino phenol) is the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic around the world. Its causes hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity at overdose or even at therapeutic doses. It is primarily metabolized by glucuronidation and sulfate conjugation. It is also metabolized by cytochrome-P450 system (CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP 3A4), leading to the formation of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI). The present study was planned to investigate the influence of chrysin (known CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 inhibitor) on the bioactivation of paracetamol to NAPQI using rat liver microsomes in vitro and rats in vivo. Paracetamol (80 mg/kg) was administered orally without or with silymarin (100 mg/kg), a known CYP2E1 inhibitor and chrysin (100 and 200 mg/kg) to rats for 15 consecutive days. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) and the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of paracetamol were dose-dependently increased with chrysin (100 and 200 mg/kg) compared to paracetamol control group. On the other hand, the AUC0-∞ and Cmax of NAPQI were decreased significantly with chrysin (100 and 200 mg/kg). The elevated liver and kidney function markers were significantly reduced by chrysin and silymarin compared to paracetamol control group (P < 0.01). Histopathological studies of liver and kidney also well correlated with liver and kidney function tests. Chrysin also reduced the formation of NAPQI in the incubation samples of rat hepatocytes. The present study (both in vivo and in vitro) results revealed that chrysin might be inhibited the CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of paracetamol; thereby decreased the formation of NAPQI and protected the liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Babu Pingili
- Research and Development, Department of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India; Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - A Krishnamanjari Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Siva R Challa
- Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Tiwari SS, Chavan BB, Kushwah BS, Yerra NV, Mukesh S, Sangamwar AT, Thaota JR, Talluri MVNK. In vitroand in vivo investigation of metabolic fate of riociguat by HPLC-Q-TOF/MS/MS and in silico evaluation of the metabolites by ADMET predictor ™. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 164:326-336. [PMID: 30412806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Riociguat, a guanyl cyclase inhibitor, is one of its kind drug regimen approved for management of pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolism pulmonary hypertension. Extensive literature review indicates lack of comprehensive reports on its metabolic fate. The present study reports the in vivo and in vitro identification and characterization of metabolites of riociguat, using high-performance liquid chromatography-quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. In vitro studies were conducted by incubating the drug in human and rat liver microsomes in presence of respective cofactors. In vivo studies were undertaken by oral administration of suspension of drug to male Sprague-Dawley rats followed by collection of urine, feces and blood at specific intervals. A total of 18 metabolites were observed in in vivo and in vitro matrices which includes hydroxyl, N-oxide, desmethyl, defluorinated hydroxyl, glucuronides and N-acetyl cysteine conjugates. Presence of N-acetyl cysteine conjugates strongly points towards the formation of a reactive metabolite intermediate trapped through N-acetyl cysteine and can be considered a matter of concern as the reactive metabolites have been known to manifest toxicities. Their presence was mimicked in in vitro samples as well. The toxicological properties of drug and metabolites were evaluated by using ADMET Predictor ™ software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shristy S Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, IDPL R&D Campus, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Balasaheb B Chavan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, IDPL R&D Campus, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Bhoopendra S Kushwah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, IDPL R&D Campus, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Naga Veera Yerra
- Analytical Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500607, India
| | - Sumit Mukesh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay T Sangamwar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Jagadeshwar Reddy Thaota
- Analytical Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500607, India
| | - M V N Kumar Talluri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, IDPL R&D Campus, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500 037, India.
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Zheng L, Yin L, Xu L, Qi Y, Li H, Xu Y, Han X, Liu K, Peng J. Protective effect of dioscin against thioacetamide-induced acute liver injury via FXR/AMPK signaling pathway in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:481-488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Božović M, Ragno R. Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi and its Main Essential Oil Constituent Pulegone: Biological Activities and Chemistry. Molecules 2017; 22:E290. [PMID: 28216606 PMCID: PMC6155702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants play an important role in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, even if their chemical constituents are not always completely recognized. Observations on their use and efficacy significantly contribute to the disclosure of their therapeutic properties. Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi is an aromatic herb with a mint-oregano flavor, used in the Mediterranean areas as a traditional medicine. It has an extensive range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, as well as anti-ulcer and insecticidal properties. This study aims to review the scientific findings and research reported to date on Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi that prove many of the remarkable various biological actions, effects and some uses of this species as a source of bioactive natural compounds. On the other hand, pulegone, the major chemical constituent of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi essential oil, has been reported to exhibit numerous bioactivities in cells and animals. Thus, this integrated overview also surveys and interprets the present knowledge of chemistry and analysis of this oxygenated monoterpene, as well as its beneficial bioactivities. Areas for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijat Božović
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l., 00125 Rome, Italy.
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Effects of luteolin and quercetin 3-β-d-glucoside identified from Passiflora subpeltata leaves against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1278-1285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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14
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Egieyeh SA, Syce J, Malan SF, Christoffels A. Prioritization of anti-malarial hits from nature: chemo-informatic profiling of natural products with in vitro antiplasmodial activities and currently registered anti-malarial drugs. Malar J 2016; 15:50. [PMID: 26823078 PMCID: PMC4731946 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of natural products have shown in vitro antiplasmodial activities. Early identification and prioritization of these natural products with potential for novel mechanism of action, desirable pharmacokinetics and likelihood for development into drugs is advantageous. Chemo-informatic profiling of these natural products were conducted and compared to currently registered anti-malarial drugs (CRAD). METHODS Natural products with in vitro antiplasmodial activities (NAA) were compiled from various sources. These natural products were sub-divided into four groups based on inhibitory concentration (IC50). Key molecular descriptors and physicochemical properties were computed for these compounds and analysis of variance used to assess statistical significance amongst the sets of compounds. Molecular similarity analysis, estimation of drug-likeness, in silico pharmacokinetic profiling, and exploration of structure-activity landscape were also carried out on these sets of compounds. RESULTS A total of 1040 natural products were selected and a total of 13 molecular descriptors were analysed. Significant differences were observed among the sub-groups of NAA and CRAD for at least 11 of the molecular descriptors, including number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, molecular weight, polar and hydrophobic surface areas, chiral centres, oxygen and nitrogen atoms, and shape index. The remaining molecular descriptors, including clogP, number of rotatable bonds and number of aromatic rings, did not show any significant difference when comparing the two compound sets. Molecular similarity and chemical space analysis identified natural products that were structurally diverse from CRAD. Prediction of the pharmacokinetic properties and drug-likeness of these natural products identified over 50% with desirable drug-like properties. Nearly 70% of all natural products were identified as potentially promiscuous compounds. Structure-activity landscape analysis highlighted compound pairs that form 'activity cliffs'. In all, prioritization strategies for the NAA were proposed. CONCLUSIONS Chemo-informatic profiling of NAA and CRAD have produced a wealth of information that may guide decisions and facilitate anti-malarial drug development from natural products. Articulation of the information provided within an interactive data-mining environment led to a prioritized list of NAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ayodele Egieyeh
- South African Medial Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa. .,School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - James Syce
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Sarel F Malan
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Alan Christoffels
- South African Medial Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Thompson RA, Isin EM, Ogese MO, Mettetal JT, Williams DP. Reactive Metabolites: Current and Emerging Risk and Hazard Assessments. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:505-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Thompson
- DMPK, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Emre M. Isin
- DMPK, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Monday O. Ogese
- Translational Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D, Darwin Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome T. Mettetal
- Translational Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D, 35 Gatehouse Dr, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Dominic P. Williams
- Translational Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D, Darwin Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0FZ, United Kingdom
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Sayour ME, Abd El Salam RM, Elyamany MF, El Sayed AM, El-Awady RA. Combination of Paracetamol and the Glutathione Depleting Agent Buthionine Sulfoximine Show Differential Effect on Liver Cancer Cells and Normal Hepatocytes. PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY 2016; 07:443-458. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2016.711051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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17
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Akinmoladun AC, Olaleye MT, Komolafe K, Adetuyi AO, Akindahunsi AA. Effect of homopterocarpin, an isoflavonoid from Pterocarpus erinaceus, on indices of liver injury and oxidative stress in acetaminophen-provoked hepatotoxicity. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 26:555-562. [PMID: 25811665 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2014-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel hepatoprotectives are needed to address the increasing cases of liver problems worldwide. Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir (Fabaceae) ethanol stem bark extract (PE) and its constituent flavonoid, homopterocarpin (HP), were investigated for their protective property in acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress and liver damage. METHODS Adult male albino rats were divided into nine groups. Seven groups were pretreated with PE (50-, 100-, and 150 mg/kg), HP (25-, 50-, and 75 mg/kg) or silymarin (25 mg/kg), respectively, once daily for 5 consecutive days and then administered acetaminophen (2 g/kg) on the 5th day. The control and acetaminophen-intoxicated groups received normal saline throughout the experimental period, with the latter group additionally receiving 2 g/kg acetaminophen on the 5th day. Administrations were performed po. RESULTS In the acetaminophen-intoxicated group, there were significant increases (p<0.05) in serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (31.72±3.3 vs. 22.1±1.2 U/I), aspartate aminotransferase (185.1±10.1 vs. 103.83±13.3 U/I), bilirubin level and hepatic malondialdehyde (2.32±0.3 vs. 1.42±0.1 units/mg protein), accompanied with significant decreases (p<0.05) in hepatic reduced glutathione level (0.10±0.01 vs. 0.23±0.03 units/mg protein) and glutathione peroxidase activity (2.51±0.2 vs. 3.25±0.2 μmol H2O2 consumed/min/mg protein) compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS PE and HP ameliorated most of the observed biochemical alterations with HP appearing to show more potency. The results suggest that the flavonoid, homopterocarpin contributes to the hepatoprotective and antioxidant potentials of P. erinaceus extract.
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Yeh KT, Wu WT, Subeq YM, Niu CC, Liao KW, Chen IH, Wang JH, Lee RP. Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Are Better than Acetaminophen on Fever Control at Acute Stage of Fracture. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137225. [PMID: 26431202 PMCID: PMC4592249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to adequate surgical fixation and an aggressive rehabilitation program, pain relief is one of the most critical factors in the acute stage of fracture treatment. The most common analgesics are nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs and Acetaminophen, both of which relieve pain and reduce body temperature. In clinical experiences, they exhibit effective pain control; however, their influence on body temperature remains controversial. This study is aimed at determining the effects of analgesics at the acute stage of traumatic fracture by performing a clinical retrospective study of patients with fractures and a fracture animal model. The retrospective study revealed that, in the acetaminophen group, the mean value of postmedication body temperature (BT) was significantly higher than that of the premedication BT. The change in BT was highly related with the medication rather than other risk factors. Forty eight 12-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: a control group, fracture group, fracture-Acetaminophen group, Acetaminophen group, fracture-Arcoxia group, and Arcoxia group. Fracture rats were prepared by breaking their unilateral tibia and fibula. Their inflammation conditions were evaluated by measuring their serum cytokine level and their physiological status was evaluated by estimating their central temperature, heart rate, and mean blood pressure. The hepatic adverse effects were assessed by measuring the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (sGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (sGPT). The central temperature in the fracture-Acetaminophen group exceeded that in the groups fed normal saline water or Arcoxia. Accumulated hepatic injury was presented as steadily ascending curves of sGOT and sGPT. Inflammation-related cytokine levels were not higher in the Acetaminophen fracture group and were significantly lower in the fracture-Arcoxia group. Fever appeared to be aggravated by acetaminophen and more related to the elevation of hepatic enzymes than to the change in the inflammation-related cytokines. We suggest that acetaminophen may aggravate fever at the acute stage of fracture. This response is highly related to the accumulated and exacerbated side effects of hepatitis that are caused by the medication and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Ting Yeh
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Wen-Tien Wu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Yi-Maun Subeq
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Chi-Chien Niu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Ing-Ho Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jen-Hung Wang
- Department of Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Ru-Ping Lee
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Grillo MP. Detecting reactive drug metabolites for reducing the potential for drug toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1281-302. [PMID: 26005795 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1048222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of withdrawn drugs are known to undergo bioactivation by a range of drug metabolizing enzymes to chemically reactive metabolites that bind covalently to protein and DNA resulting in organ toxicity and carcinogenesis, respectively. An important goal in drug discovery is to identify structural sites of bioactivation within discovery molecules for providing strategic modifications that eliminate or minimize reactive metabolite formation, while maintaining target potency, selectivity and desired pharmacokinetic properties leading to the development of efficacious and nontoxic drugs. AREAS COVERED This review covers experimental techniques currently used to detect reactive drug metabolites and provides recent examples where information from mechanistic in vitro studies was successfully used to redesign candidate drugs leading to blocked or minimized bioactivation. Reviewed techniques include in vitro radiolabeled drug covalent binding to protein and reactive metabolite trapping with reagents such as glutathione, cyanide, semicarbazide and DNA bases. Case studies regarding reactive metabolite detection using a combination of varied techniques, including liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and NMR analyses and subsequent structural modification are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Information derived from state-of-art mechanistic drug metabolism studies can be used successfully to direct medicinal chemistry towards the synthesis of candidate drugs devoid of bioactivation liabilities, while maintaining desired pharmacology and pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Grillo
- MyoKardia , 333 Allerton Ave, South San Francisco, CA 94080 , USA
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Scheuch E, Methling K, Bednarski PJ, Oswald S, Siegmund W. Quantitative LC-MS/MS determination of flupirtine, its N-acetylated and two mercapturic acid derivatives in man. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:377-85. [PMID: 25459937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The non-opiate analgesic drug flupirtine was shown in vitro to undergo hydrolysis followed by N-acetylation to form D13223, glucuronidation and conjugation with glutathione to form the stable mercapturic acid derivatives M-424 and M-466. To quantify flupirtine and its metabolites in samples obtained in a clinical study in healthy subjects selected on their genotype of NAT2, UGT1A1 and GSTP1, two LC-MS/MS methods were developed. The validation range for flupirtine and D-13223 in serum was 0.5-500 ng/ml. For urine and feces, the validation ranges for flupirtine and D-13223 were 20-5000 ng/ml and 5.0-5000 ng/ml, respectively. M-424 and M-466 could be quantified in urine between 5.0 and 5000 ng/ml. Free flupirtine and D-13223 were separated from serum, urine and feces with liquid-liquid extraction. For flupirtine and D-13223, the chromatography was performed on a XTerra C18 column isocratically with a mobile phase consisting of ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.5mM) and acetonitrile (50:50; v/v), for M-466 and M-424 a Synergi(®) Fusion-RP column was used and a linear gradient method with water/HCOOH (pH 3) and acetonitrile. The mass spectrometer operated both with electro spray ionization in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. The developed methods fulfilled the current FDA criteria on bioanalytical method validation for accuracy (error: -16.9 to 11.2%), precision (1.2-13.4%), recovery, stability and matrix effects over the observed analytical range. Thus, the methods were suitable to quantify flupirtine absorption and metabolic disposition in man after single intravenous and oral dosing (100mg) and repeated oral administration (400mg once daily).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Scheuch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (ES, WS) of the Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Karen Methling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (KM, PJB), University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Patrick J Bednarski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (KM, PJB), University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Oswald
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (ES, WS) of the Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Siegmund
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (ES, WS) of the Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
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The protective effect of curcumin on paracetamol-induced liver damage in adult male rabbits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000455822.82783.4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zheng XY, Yang YF, Li W, Zhao X, Sun Y, Sun H, Wang YH, Pu XP. Two xanthones from Swertia punicea with hepatoprotective activities in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:854-863. [PMID: 24690777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Swertia punicea Hemsl. (Gentianaceae) is more commonly known as "Ganyan-cao" and used mainly as a traditional Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of acute bilious hepatitis, cholecystitis, fever, intoxification and jaundice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The active hepatoprotective constituents of Swertia punicea were purified using various column chromatography techniques. The structures of two isolated compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation such as NMR analysis. The hepatoprotective activities of isolated compounds were evaluated by using hepatotoxicity in vitro and dimethylnitrosamine-induced rat hepatic fibrosis in vivo, respectively. RESULTS Two xanthones, 1, 7-dihydroxy-3, 4, 8-trimethoxyxanthone (1) and bellidifolin (2) were isolated from the stems of Swertia punicea. The compounds 1 and 2 exhibited notable hepatoprotective activities against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) -induced HepG2 cell damage, and effectively alleviated the levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) induced by CCl₄ in a concentration-dependent manner. Co-treatment with compound 2 significantly increased the cell viability compared with N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP) treatment. Compound 2 also alleviated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by increasing glutathione (GSH) content and decreasing hydroxyl free radical (·OH) levels and reactive oxygen specises (ROS) production. In addition, the protective effect of compound 1 significantly alleviated DMN-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis. Oral administration of compound 1 recovered the reduction of albumin (ALB) and reversed the elevation of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), AST and total bilirubin (TBIL) in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced fibrotic rats. Severe oxidative stress induced in fibrotic rats was evidenced by a 1.5-fold elevation in MDA and a fall in the SOD activity, and treatment with compound 1 protected against these adverse effects. Recovery of rat liver tissue against DMN-induced hepatocellular necrosis, inflammatory changes and hepatic fibrosis by compound 1 is also confirmed by H&E and Masson stained histopathological evaluation of liver tissue. CONCLUSION Two xanthones from Swertia punicea exhibited hepatoprotective activities in vitro (compounds 1 and 2) and in vivo (compound 1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yuan Zheng
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, PR China
| | - Ying-Fan Yang
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, PR China
| | - Wan Li
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yi Sun
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Hua Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, PR China
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Pu
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Mandal A, Patra A, Mandal S, Roy S, Mahapatra SD, Mahapatra TD, Paul T, Das K, Mondal KC, Nandi DK. Therapeutic potential of different commercially available synbiotic on acetaminophen-induced uremic rats. Clin Exp Nephrol 2014; 19:168-77. [PMID: 24740592 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-014-0971-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently kidney disease appears a foremost problem across the world. Acetaminophen is a commonly used antipyretic agent, which in high doses, causes uremia and used for experimentally induction of kidney disease. Bacteriotherapy affords a promising approach to mitigate uremic toxins by ingestion of urease positive bacteria, probiotics and symbiotic able to catabolize uremic solutes within the gut. The present study evaluates the effect of seven commercial symbiotic on kidney disease. METHODS Fifty-four albino male rats were randomly divided into nine groups. Control group (Group-I) received distilled water interperitoneally for 7 days. Positive control group (Group-II) received 500 mg/kg acetaminophen interperitoneally for 7 days. Commercially available seven symbiotic combinations at a dose of 10(9)cells/day for 3 weeks was administered to the tested groups (Group III-IX) after receiving 500 mg/kg/day acetaminophen interperitoneally for 7 days. Blood, kidney, liver and stool samples were collected after scarification for biochemical tests and DNA fragmentation assay of kidney tissue, kidney histological studies. Limited fecal analysis was conducted. RESULT Blood urea nitrogen and toxicity indicators were increased, and antioxidant enzymes were decreased in Group-II. Blood urea nitrogen, toxicity indicators, glomerular necrosis, DNA damage of kidney tissue were reduced, and antioxidant enzymes were increased significantly in the treated Groups IV and IX (p < 0.05) in response to Group-II. Number of pathogenic bacteria decreased in synbiotic treated groups than Group I and II. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that some of commercial symbiotic combination can reduce the sever effect of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition, and Human Physiology, Raja N L Khans Women's College, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
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Park JH, Seo KS, Tadi S, Ahn BH, Lee JU, Heo JY, Han J, Song MS, Kim SH, Yim YH, Choi HS, Shong M, Kweon G. An indole derivative protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury by directly binding to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine in mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1713-22. [PMID: 23121402 PMCID: PMC3619205 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury is mainly due to the excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) through the formation of a reactive intermediate, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), in both humans and rodents. Here, we show that the indole-derived synthetic compound has a protective effect against APAP-induced liver injury in C57Bl/6 mice model. RESULTS NecroX-7 decreased tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP)- and APAP-induced cell death and ROS/RNS formation in HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma and primary mouse hepatocytes. In mice, NecroX-7 decreased APAP-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) formation, and also protected mice from APAP-induced liver injury and lethality by binding directly to NAPQI. The binding of NecroX-7 to NAPQI did not require any of cofactors or proteins. NecroX-7 could only scavenge NAPQI when hepatocellular GSH levels were very low. INNOVATION NecroX-7 is an indole-derived potent antioxidant molecule, which can be bound to some types of radicals and especially NAPQI. It is well known that the NAPQI is a major intermediate of APAP, which causes necrosis of hepatocytes in rodents and humans. Thus, blocking NAPQI formation or eliminating NAPQI are novel strategies for the treatment or prevention of APAP-induced liver injury instead of GSH replenishment. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the indole-derivative, NecroX-7, directly binds to NAPQI when hepatic GSH levels are very low and the NAPQI-NecroX-7 complex is secreted to the blood from the liver. NecroX-7 shows more preventive and similar therapeutic effects against APAP-induced liver injury when compared to the effect of N-acetylcysteine in C57Bl/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Kim KW, Won YL, Ko KS, Heo KH, Chung YH. The effects of hazardous chemical exposure on cardiovascular disease in chemical products manufacturing workers. Toxicol Res 2012; 28:269-77. [PMID: 24278620 PMCID: PMC3834428 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2012.28.4.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanism of cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused by exposure to hazardous chemicals. We investigated changes in the symptoms of metabolic syndrome, which is strongly related to CVD, and in levels of other CVD risk factors, with a special emphasis on the roles of catecholamines and oxidative stress. The results revealed that neither body mass index (BMI) nor waist and hip circumferences were associated with exposure to hazardous chemicals. Among metabolic syndrome criteria, only HDL-cholesterol level increased on exposure to hazardous chemicals. Levels of epinephrine (EP) and norepinephrine (NEP) were not influenced by exposure to hazardous chemicals; however, the total antioxidative capacity (TAC) reduced because of increased oxidative stress. Both hazardous chemical exposure level and metabolite excretion were related to EP, NEP, and the oxidative stress index (OSI). Logistic regression analysis with these factors as independent variables and metabolic syndrome criteria as dependent variables revealed that EP was associated with blood pressure, and NEP with metabolic syndrome in the chemicalexposed group. In conclusion, the results suggest that reactive oxygen species generated and oxidative stress due to exposure to hazardous chemicals act as mediators and cause changes in the physiological levels of EP and NEP to increase blood pressure. This ultimately leads to the development of CVD through increase in cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood glucose levels by lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Woong Kim
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong Lim Won
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyung Sun Ko
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Heo
- Occupational Safety and health Training Institute, KOSHA, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Chung
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, Daejeon, Korea
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Khojasteh SC, Hartley DP, Ford KA, Uppal H, Oishi S, Nelson SD. Characterization of Rat Liver Proteins Adducted by Reactive Metabolites of Menthofuran. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:2301-9. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300144d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Cyrus Khojasteh
- Drug Metabolism
and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc.,
1 DNA Way MS 412a, South San Francisco,
California 94080, United States
| | | | - Kevin A. Ford
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., 1
DNA Way MS 59, South San Francisco,
California 94080, United States
| | - Hirdesh Uppal
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., 1
DNA Way MS 59, South San Francisco,
California 94080, United States
| | - Shimako Oishi
- Pharma Products Group, Abbott Japan Co., Ltd., Tokyo 108-6303, Japan
| | - Sidney D. Nelson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Box 357610, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Sarkar K, Sil PC. Attenuation of Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity In Vivo and In Vitro by a 43-kD Protein Isolated from the Herb Cajanus indicus L. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 17:305-15. [PMID: 20020954 DOI: 10.1080/15376510601031919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective role of a 43-kD protein (Hp-P) isolated from the leaves of Cajanus indicus L. against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced toxicity in mouse liver and in isolated hepatocytes. The hepatotoxicity of APAP and the hepatoprotective activity of Hp-P in vivo were determined by measuring the liver-specific serum marker enzymes alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in murine sera and observing the histological changes in the mice liver treated with the protein before and after (2 mg/kg body weight for 5 days) APAP (at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight for 2 days) administration. The cell viability, LDH leakage, GSH level, and lipid peroxidation were measured in isolated hepatocytes to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of APAP and the protective role of Hp-P in vitro. Experimental results showed that APAP induced hepatotoxicity in vivo as revealed from the changes in serum-specific marker enzyme levels and histology of liver. It also induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes as observed from the changes in cell viability and LDH leakage. Pretreatment with Hp-P prevented the APAP-induced elevation of ALT and ALP in murine sera. In addition, posttreatment with Hp-P significantly altered most of the changes induced by APAP. Although some natural recovery has been observed in toxin controls, the Hp-P-induced recovering process is more rapid than the natural ones. In histological studies, less centrilobular necrosis was found in the liver treated with Hp-P before and after APAP intoxication compared to the liver treated with APAP alone. Radical scavenging experiment showed that Hp-P scavenges DPPH radicals directly. Studies also showed that APAP-induced reduced cell viability and cellular LDH leakage could be prevented by the combinatorial effect of Hp-P. Besides, treatment of hepatocytes with Hp-P and APAP together maintained the normal GSH level. APAP-induced enhanced lipid peroxidation was also decreased when cells were treated with APAP and Hp-P together. Hp-P alone, on the other hand, did not induce any alterations of the studied parameters. Results of this study have been compared with a known antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol. Data from both the in vivo (before and after APAP administration) and in vitro studies suggest that Hp-P has potent hepato- and cytoprotective properties against APAP-induced toxicity.
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Abdul Hamid Z, Budin SB, Wen Jie N, Hamid A, Husain K, Mohamed J. Nephroprotective effects of Zingiber zerumbet Smith ethyl acetate extract against paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2012; 13:176-85. [PMID: 22374609 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol (PCM) overdose can cause nephrotoxicity with oxidative stress as one of the possible mechanisms mediating the event. In this study, the effects of ethyl acetate extract of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome [200 mg per kg of body weight (mg/kg) and 400 mg/kg] on PCM-induced nephrotoxicity were examined. Rats were divided into five groups containing 10 rats each. The control group received distilled water while other groups were treated with extract alone (400 mg/kg), PCM alone (750 mg/kg), 750 mg/kg PCM+200 mg/kg extract (PCM+200-extract), and 750 mg/kg PCM+400 mg/kg extract (PCM+400-extract), respectively, for seven consecutive days. The Z. zerumbet extract was given intraperitoneally concurrent with oral administration of PCM. Treatment with Z. zerumbet extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg prevented the PCM-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative impairments of the kidney, as evidenced by a significantly reduced (P<0.05) level of plasma creatinine, plasma and renal malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma protein carbonyl, and renal advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP). Furthermore, both doses were also able to induce a significant increment (P<0.05) of plasma and renal levels of glutathione (GSH) and plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The nephroprotective effects of Z. zerumbet extract were confirmed by a reduced intensity of renal cellular damage, as evidenced by histological findings. Moreover, Z. zerumbet extract administered at 400 mg/kg was found to show greater protective effects than that at 200 mg/kg. In conclusion, ethyl acetate extract of Z. zerumbet rhizome has a protective role against PCM-induced nephrotoxicity and the process is probably mediated through its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zariyantey Abdul Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Gul H, Uysal B, Cakir E, Yaman H, Macit E, Yildirim AO, Eyi YE, Kaldirim U, Oztas E, Akgul EO, Cayci T, Ozler M, Topal T, Oter S, Korkmaz A, Toygar M, Demirbag S. The protective effects of ozone therapy in a rat model of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:81-86. [PMID: 22459800 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose may cause acute liver injury. Ozone therapy (OT) is shown to reduce inflammation and necrosis in several entities. Thus, we have designed this study to evaluate the efficacy of OT in a rat model of APAP-induced liver injury. METHODS Twenty-seven Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham, APAP and APAP+OT groups. In the APAP and the APAP+OT groups, liver injury was induced by oral administration of 1 g/kg APAP. The APAP+OT group received a single dose ozone/oxygen mixture (0.7 mg/kg) intraperitoneally 1h after APAP administration. All animals were killed at 24 hour after APAP administration. Blood samples and liver tissues were harvested to determine liver injury and oxidative stress parameters. Liver tissues and blood samples were obtained for biochemical and histopathological analyses. RESULTS APAP administration caused necrosis in the liver after 24h. The degrees of liver necrosis of the APAP group were higher than the other groups (in both p<0.05, respectively). In the APAP+OT group, liver antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly higher than the APAP group (p<0.05), but were lower than the sham group (p<0.05). In the sham group, serum neopterin, a marker of cell-mediated immunity, concentrations (4.8±1.2 nmol/L) were lower than the APAP (14.7±1.4 nmol/L) and APAP+OT groups (7.5±2.4 nmol/L) (in both p<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results showed that OT prevented liver necrosis in rats and reduced neopterin levels. These findings suggest that the use of OT as an adjuvant therapy which might improve the outcome in APAP induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husamettin Gul
- Department of Toxicology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
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Hong SW, Lee HS, Jung KH, Lee H, Hong SS. Protective effect of fucoidan against acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:1099-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Dichloroacetic acid up-regulates hepatic glutathione synthesis via the induction of glutamate–cysteine ligase. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:427-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ahmad ST, Arjumand W, Nafees S, Seth A, Ali N, Rashid S, Sultana S. Hesperidin alleviates acetaminophen induced toxicity in Wistar rats by abrogation of oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. Toxicol Lett 2011; 208:149-61. [PMID: 22093918 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, but at high dose it leads to undesirable side effects, such as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The present study demonstrates the comparative hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity of hesperidin (HD), a naturally occurring bioflavonoid against APAP induced toxicity. APAP induces hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity as was evident by abnormal deviation in the levels of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, APAP induced renal damage by inducing apoptotic death and inflammation in renal tubular cells, manifested by an increase in the expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, NFkB, iNOS, Kim-1 and decrease in Bcl-2 expression. These results were further supported by the histopathological examination of kidney. All these features of APAP toxicity were reversed by the co-administration of HD. Therefore, our study favors the view that HD may be a useful modulator in alleviating APAP induced oxidative stress and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiekh Tanveer Ahmad
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard-Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
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Hepatoprotective activity of Andrographis paniculata and Swertia chirayita. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:3367-73. [PMID: 21983487 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata (Family: Acanthaceae) and Swertia chirayita (Family: Gentianaceae) are two controversial medicinal plants used as Kiriyattu, having similar therapeutic action and are used as a hepatoprotective and hepatostimulative agent. A. paniculata grows in southern parts of India and S. chirayita in the Himalayan region. The present work concerns on the ability of the extracts of these plants to offer protection against acute hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol (150 mg/kg) in Swiss albino mice. Oral administration of A. paniculata or S. chirayita extract (100-200mg/kg) offered a significant dose dependent protection against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity as assessed in terms of biochemical and histopathological parameters. The paracetamol induced elevated levels of serum marker enzymes such as serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin in peripheral blood serum and distorted hepatic tissue architecture along with increased levels of lipid peroxides (LPO) and reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver tissue. Administration of the plant extracts after paracetamol insult restored the levels of these parameters to control (untreated) levels. Thus the present study revealed that the extracts of A. paniculata or S. chirayita offered protection against hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol.
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Palani S, Raja S, Kumar SN, Kumar BS. Nephroprotective and antioxidant activities of Salacia oblonga on acetaminophen-induced toxicity in rats. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:1876-80. [PMID: 21848492 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.537269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Salacia oblonga, a woody climbing plant belonging to the family Celastaceae, is widely distributed in India and other southeast Asian countries. The genus Salacia have been used particularly for the treatment of diabetes, obesity, gonorrhoea, rheumatism, pruritus and asthma. Acetaminophen (APAP), used as an analgesic drug, produces liver and kidney necrosis in mammals at high doses. The aim of this study was to investigate the nephroprotective and antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract of Salacia oblonga (EESO) at the two dose levels of 250 and 500 mg/kg bw on APAP-induced toxicity in rats. The results showed that APAP significantly increases the levels of serum urea, creatinine, and reduces levels of uric acid concentration. The EESO reduces these by increasing anti-oxidative responses as assessed by biochemical and histopathological parameters. In conclusion, our results suggest that the EESO possesses nephroprotective and antioxidant effects against APAP-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Palani
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna Bioresearch Foundation, Arunai Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Takakusa H, Wahlin MD, Zhao C, Hanson KL, New LS, Chan ECY, Nelson SD. Metabolic intermediate complex formation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 by lapatinib. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:1022-30. [PMID: 21363997 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.037531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lapatinib, an oral breast cancer drug, has recently been reported to be a mechanism-based inactivator of cytochrome P450 (P450) 3A4 and also an idiosyncratic hepatotoxicant. It was suggested that formation of a reactive quinoneimine metabolite was involved in mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) and/or hepatotoxicity. We investigated the mechanism of MBI of P450 3A4 by lapatinib. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of P450 3A4 after incubation with lapatinib did not show any peak corresponding to irreversible modifications. The enzymatic activity inactivated by lapatinib was completely restored by the addition of potassium ferricyanide. These results indicate that the mechanism of MBI by lapatinib is quasi-irreversible and mediated via metabolic intermediate complex (MI complex) formation. This finding was verified by the increase in a signature Soret absorbance at approximately 455 nm. Two amine oxidation products of the metabolism of lapatinib by P450 3A4 were characterized: N-hydroxy lapatinib (M3) and the oxime form of N-dealkylated lapatinib (M2), suggesting that a nitroso or another related intermediate generated from M3 is involved in MI complex formation. In contrast, P450 3A5 was much less susceptible to MBI by lapatinib via MI complex formation than P450 3A4. In addition, P450 3A5 had a significantly lower ability than 3A4 to generate M3, consistent with N-hydroxylation as the initial step in the pathway to MI complex formation. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the primary mechanism for MBI of P450 3A4 by lapatinib is not irreversible modification by the quinoneimine metabolite, but quasi-irreversible MI complex formation mediated via oxidation of the secondary amine group of lapatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Takakusa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Manfo FPT, Nantia EA, Tchana AN, Monsees TK, Moundipa PF. Evaluation of the effect ofCarpolobia alba(Polygalaceae) aqueous extract on male reproductive function in rats. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2011.558676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shumiantseva VV, Suprun EV, Bulko TV, Dobrynina OV, Archakov AI. [Sensor systems for medical application based on hemoproteins and nanocomposite materials]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2011; 56:55-71. [PMID: 21328911 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20105601055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnologies stimulate the development of sensor systems based on nanocomposite materials. This review discusses the prospects and challenges of sensors coupled with functionally important for medicine hemoproteins and nanoscale materials. Authors summarized their own experimental results and literature data on hemoprotein-based sensor systems. Mechanisms and the main function principles of electrochemical nanosensors are also discussed.
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Van Summeren A, Renes J, Bouwman FG, Noben JP, van Delft JHM, Kleinjans JCS, Mariman ECM. Proteomics Investigations of Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity in HepG2 Cells. Toxicol Sci 2010; 120:109-22. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Kandiş H, Erkan ME, Yildirim Ü, Güneş H, Erbaş M, Yildirim HAK, Gezer S, Kara İH. Comparison of the effects of N-acetyl cysteine and erdosteine in rats with renal injury caused by paracetamol intoxication. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:1350-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327110391384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic and preventive effects of N-acetyl cysteine and erdosteine on renal injury associated with paracetamol (acetaminophen) intoxication. Materials and methods: Female albino Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control; paracetamol (1 g/kg, oral); paracetamol (1 g/kg, oral) + erdosteine (150 mg/kg/day, oral); paracetamol (1 g/kg, oral) + N-acetyl cysteine (140 mg/kg bolus, followed by 70 mg/kg, oral); N-acetyl cysteine control (140 mg/kg bolus, followed by 70 mg/kg, oral); and erdosteine control (150 mg/kg/day, oral). Potential renal injury was assessed using biochemical analyses, radionuclide imaging, and histopathological parameters. Results: In the paracetamol group, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were significantly increased compared with controls. Histopathological examination showed tubular vacuolization, tubular necrosis, and remarkable interstitial inflammation. The excretion function was observed to be insufficient on radionuclide imaging. However, in the groups treated with erdosteine or N-acetyl cysteine after paracetamol, biochemical analyses, radionuclide imaging, and histopathological parameters showed significantly less evidence of renal toxicity than that observed in the group receiving paracetamol alone. Less renal toxicity was detected in rats receiving N-acetyl cysteine than in those receiving erdosteine. Conclusion: Renal injury may develop after paracetamol overdose. Erdosteine and N-acetyl cysteine are both effective in the prevention of renal injury when given in the early phase of paracetamol nephrotoxicity. N-acetyl cysteine is more protective than erdosteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayati Kandiş
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Melih Engin Erkan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Ümran Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Harun Güneş
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Mesut Erbaş
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Hayriye AK Yildirim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Suat Gezer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - İsmail Hamdi Kara
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
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Teffera Y, Choquette D, Liu J, Colletti AE, Hollis LS, Lin MHJ, Zhao Z. Bioactivation of Isothiazoles: Minimizing the Risk of Potential Toxicity in Drug Discovery. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:1743-52. [DOI: 10.1021/tx100208k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Teffera
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Department of Chemical Research and Discovery, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Deborah Choquette
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Department of Chemical Research and Discovery, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Jingzhou Liu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Department of Chemical Research and Discovery, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Adria E. Colletti
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Department of Chemical Research and Discovery, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - L. Steven Hollis
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Department of Chemical Research and Discovery, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Min-Hwa Jasmine Lin
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Department of Chemical Research and Discovery, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Zhiyang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Department of Chemical Research and Discovery, Amgen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
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Acharya M, Lau-Cam CA. Comparison of the protective actions of N-acetylcysteine, hypotaurine and taurine against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. J Biomed Sci 2010; 17 Suppl 1:S35. [PMID: 20804611 PMCID: PMC2994383 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-17-s1-s35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When used in overdoses, acetaminophen (APAP) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. At present, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the antidote of choice for acetaminophen overdoses. Prompt administration of NAC can prevent the deleterious actions of APAP in the liver. In view of the similarities in antioxidant effects demonstrated by NAC, hypotaurine (HYTAU) and taurine (TAU) in this and other our laboratories, the present study was undertaken to compare these compounds for the ability to attenuate plasma and liver biochemical changes associated with a toxic dose of APAP. For this purpose, fasted male Sprague-Dawley rats, 225-250 g in weight, were intraperitoneally treated with APAP (800 mg/kg), NAC, HYTAU or TAU (2.4 mM/kg) followed 30 min later by APAP, or 50% PEG 400 (the vehicle for APAP). At 6 hr after APAP administration, all animals were sacrificed by decapitation and their blood and livers collected. The plasma fractions were analyzed for indices of liver damage (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, and activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and gamma-glutamylcisteinyl synthetase (GCS). Suitable liver homogenates were analyzed for the same biochemical parameters as the plasma but indices of liver damage. By itself, APAP increased MDA formation and had a significant lowering influence on the levels of GSH and GSSG, the GSH/GSSH ratio, and the activities of GR, GST and GCS both in the plasma and liver. In addition, APAP promoted the leakage of transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase from the liver into the plasma. Without exceptions, a pretreatment with a sulfur-containing compound led to a significant attenuation of the liver injury and the biochemical changes induced by APAP. Within a narrow range of potency differences, HYTAU appeared to be the most protective and TAU the least. The present results suggest that, irrespective of the differences in structural features and in vitro antioxidant properties that may exist among NAC, TAU and HYTAU, these compounds demonstrate equivalent patterns of protection and, to a certain extent, equipotent protective actions against the toxic actions of APAP in the liver when tested in equimolar doses and under the same conditions in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miteshkumar Acharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St, John's University, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Jamaica, New York 11439, USA.
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Martínek V, Sklenář J, Dračínský M, Šulc M, Hofbauerová K, Bezouška K, Frei E, Stiborová M. Glycosylation Protects Proteins against Free Radicals Generated from Toxic Xenobiotics. Toxicol Sci 2010; 117:359-74. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Yu J, Brown DG, Burdette D. In Vitro Metabolism Studies of Nomifensine Monooxygenation Pathways: Metabolite Identification, Reaction Phenotyping, and Bioactivation Mechanism. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38:1767-78. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.033910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Peng HC, Wang YH, Wen CC, Wang WH, Cheng CC, Chen YH. Nephrotoxicity assessments of acetaminophen during zebrafish embryogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 151:480-6. [PMID: 20170747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We used a green fluorescent kidney line, Tg(wt1b:GFP), as a model to access the acetaminophen (AAP)-induced nephrotoxicity dynamically. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos at different developmental stages (12-60hpf) were treated with different dosages of AAP (0-45mM) for different time courses (12-60h). Results showed that zebrafish embryos exhibited no evident differences in survival rates and morphological changes between the mock-treated control (0mM) and 2.25mM AAP-exposure (12-72hpf) groups. In contrast, after higher doses (22.5 and 45mM) of exposure, embryos displayed malformed kidney phenotypes, such as curved, cystic pronephric tube, pronephric duct, and a cystic and atrophic glomerulus. The percentages of embryos with malformed kidney phenotypes increased as the exposure dosages of AAP increased. Interestingly, under the same exposure time course (12h) and dose (22.5mM), embryos displayed higher percentages of severe defects at earlier developmental stage of exposure (12-24hpf), whereas embryos displayed higher percentages of mild defects at later exposure (60-72hpf). With an exposure time course less than 24h of 45mM AAP, no embryo survived by the developmental stage of 72hpf. These results indicated that AAP-induced nephrotoxicity depended on the exposure dose, time course and developmental stages. Immunohistochemical experiments showed that the cells' morphologies of the pronephric tube, pronephric duct and glomerulus were disrupted by AAP, and consequently caused cell death. Real-time RT-PCR revealed embryos after AAP treatment decreased the expression of cox2 and bcl2, but increased p53 expression. In conclusion, AAP-induced defects on glomerulus, pronephric tube and pronephric duct could be easily and dynamically observed in vivo during kidney development in this present model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Chu Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan.
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Palani S, Raja S, Naresh R, Senthil Kumar B. Evaluation of nephroprotective, diuretic, and antioxidant activities ofplectranthus amboinicuson acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxic rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 20:213-21. [DOI: 10.3109/15376511003736787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Shumyantseva VV, Suprun EV, Bulko TV, Dobrynina OV, Archakov AI. Sensor systems for medical application based on hemoproteins and nanocomposite materials. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s199075081001004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yin H, Cheng L, Holt M, Hail N, MacLaren R, Ju C. Lactoferrin protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Hepatology 2010; 51:1007-16. [PMID: 20099297 PMCID: PMC2908515 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI) is a significant health problem and represents the most frequent cause of drug-induced liver failure in the United States. The development and implementation of successful therapeutic intervention strategies have been demanding, due to significant limitations associated with the current treatment for AILI. Lactoferrin (Lac), a glycoprotein present in milk, has been demonstrated to possess a multitude of biological functions. Our study demonstrated a profound protective effect of Lac in a murine model of AILI, which was not dependent on its iron-binding ability, inhibition of acetaminophen (APAP) metabolism, or a direct cytoprotective effect on hepatocytes. Instead, Lac treatment significantly attenuated APAP-induced liver sinusoidal endothelial cell dysfunction and ameliorated hepatic microcirculation disorder. This protective effect of Lac appeared to be dependent on hepatic resident macrophages (Kupffer cells [KCs]). CONCLUSION Collectively, our data indicate that Lac, through activation of KCs, inhibited APAP-induced liver sinusoidal endothelial cell damage and improved hepatic congestion, thereby protecting against AILI. These findings reveal the significant therapeutic potential of Lac during AILI and other types of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver
| | - Linling Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver
| | - Michael Holt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver
| | - Numsen Hail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver
| | - Robert MacLaren
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Research Complex 2, P15-C238, 12700 East 19 Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045. Phone: (303) 724-4019. Fax: (303) 724-7266.
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Matsunaga N. [Dosing time based on molecular mechanism of biological clock of hepatic drug metabolic enzyme]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2009; 129:1357-65. [PMID: 19881208 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.129.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian pacemaker stays in the paired suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Recent several studies reveal that the circadian rhythms of physiology and behavior are controlled by clock genes. In addition, the effectiveness and toxicity of many drugs vary depending on dosing time associated with 24-h rhythms of biochemical, physiological, and behavioral processes under the control of the circadian clock. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic drug, and is mainly biotransformed and eliminated as nontoxic conjugates with glucuronic acid and sulfuric acid. Only a small portion of the dose is mainly bioactivated by CYP2E1 to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), a reactive toxic intermediate. For APAP overdose, glucuronidation and sulfation are saturated and the formation of NAPQI increases. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the chronotoxicity of APAP have not been clarified yet. In the present study, we have clarified that there was a significant dosing time-dependent difference in hepatotoxicity induced by APAP in mice. The mechanism may be related to the rhythmicity of CYP2E1 activity and GSH conjugation. In additon, we investigated whether the liver transcription factor hepatic nuclear factor-1alpha (HNF-1alpha) and clock genes undergoing astriking 24-h rhythm in mouse liver contribute to the 24-h regulation of CYP2E1 activity. A significant 24-h rhythmicity was demonstrated for CYP2E1 activity, protein levels and mRNA levels. HNF-1alpha and clock genes may contribute to produce the 24-h rhythm of CYP2E1 mRNA levels. Metabolism by CYP and GSH conjugation are common metabolic pathways for many drugs such as APAP. These findings support the concept that choosing the most appropriate time of day to administer the drugs associated with metabolic rhythmicity such as CYP and GSH conjugation may reduce hepatotoxicity in experimental and clinical situations. 24-h rhythm of CYP2E1 activity was controlled by HNF-1alpha and clock gene, in a transcriptional level. Identification of rhythmic marker for selecting dosing time will lead improved progress and diffusion of chronopharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Matsunaga
- Pharmaceutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Chen H, Zientek M, Jalaie M, Zhang Y, Bigge C, Mutlib A. Characterization of Cytochrome P450-Mediated Bioactivation of a Compound Containing the Chemical Scaffold, 4,5-Dihydropyrazole-1-carboxylic acid-(4-chlorophenyl amide), to a Chemically Reactive p-Chlorophenyl Isocyanate Intermediate in Human Liver Microsomes. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:1603-12. [DOI: 10.1021/tx900167y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Departments of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Michael Zientek
- Departments of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Mehran Jalaie
- Departments of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Christopher Bigge
- Departments of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Abdul Mutlib
- Departments of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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Ismail FMD, Drew MGB, Navaratnam S, Bisby RH. A pulse radiolysis study of free radicals formed by one-electron oxidation of the antimalarial drug pyronaridine. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-009-0051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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