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Corum I, Spangenberg A, Miller K, Kucera S, Miller D. Minimization of Acid-Catalyzed Degradation in KinetiSol Processing through HPMCAS Neutralization. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1599-1612. [PMID: 36787489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) is an enteric polymer that has been successfully employed as a carrier in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Deprotonation of succinic acid substituents at intestinal pH levels results in solubilization of the polymer. However, the acidic moieties responsible for favorable pH-dependent solubility can also result in incompatibilities between acid-sensitive drugs and HPMCAS. Solution-state conversion of the carboxylic acid substituents of enteric polymers into carboxylate salts to reduce acid-mediated drug degradation is a demonstrated effective strategy for generating ASDs in enteric polymers. This work aimed to extend the use of a pre-ionized enteric polymer to KinetiSol solvent-free processing to reduce acid- or base-mediated drug degradation during processing. Pre-ionization of HPMCAS was accomplished by reaction with a stoichiometric quantity of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) delivered as a saturated aqueous solution. The resulting ionized polymer, HPMCAS-Na, was dried thoroughly before processing. Tetrabenazine (TBZ) was chosen as a model drug for its susceptibility to degradation via both acid- and base-catalyzed reaction mechanisms and for its tendency to form a single impurity by these mechanisms. The use of HPMCAS-Na in KinetiSol solid dispersions (KSDs) of TBZ resulted in a 6- to 8-fold reduction of the acid- and base-generated TBZ impurity compared with KSDs formulated with untreated HPMCAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Corum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, AustinPx, Pharmaceutics and Manufacturing, 111 W. Cooperative Way, Bldg. 3, Georgetown, Texas 78626 United States
| | - Angela Spangenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, AustinPx, Pharmaceutics and Manufacturing, 111 W. Cooperative Way, Bldg. 3, Georgetown, Texas 78626 United States
| | - Krystal Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutics, AustinPx, Pharmaceutics and Manufacturing, 111 W. Cooperative Way, Bldg. 3, Georgetown, Texas 78626 United States
| | - Sandra Kucera
- Department of Pharmaceutics, AustinPx, Pharmaceutics and Manufacturing, 111 W. Cooperative Way, Bldg. 3, Georgetown, Texas 78626 United States
| | - Dave Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutics, AustinPx, Pharmaceutics and Manufacturing, 111 W. Cooperative Way, Bldg. 3, Georgetown, Texas 78626 United States
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2
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Effect of Hypromellose Acetate Succinate Substituents on Miscibility Behavior of Spray-dried Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Flory–Huggins Parameter Prediction and Validation. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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3
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Pugliese A, Toresco M, McNamara D, Iuga D, Abraham A, Tobyn M, Hawarden LE, Blanc F. Drug-Polymer Interactions in Acetaminophen/Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose Acetyl Succinate Amorphous Solid Dispersions Revealed by Multidimensional Multinuclear Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3519-3531. [PMID: 34375100 PMCID: PMC8424625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability of insoluble crystalline active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can be enhanced by formulation as amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). One of the key factors of ASD stabilization is the formation of drug-polymer interactions at the molecular level. Here, we used a range of multidimensional and multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments to identify these interactions in amorphous acetaminophen (paracetamol)/hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetyl succinate (HPMC-AS) ASDs at various drug loadings. At low drug loading (<20 wt %), we showed that 1H-13C through-space heteronuclear correlation experiments identify proximity between aromatic protons in acetaminophen with cellulose backbone protons in HPMC-AS. We also show that 14N-1H heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) experiments are a powerful approach in probing spatial interactions in amorphous materials and establish the presence of hydrogen bonds (H-bond) between the amide nitrogen of acetaminophen with the cellulose ring methyl protons in these ASDs. In contrast, at higher drug loading (40 wt %), no acetaminophen/HPMC-AS spatial proximity was identified and domains of recrystallization of amorphous acetaminophen into its crystalline form I, the most thermodynamically stable polymorph, and form II are identified. These results provide atomic scale understanding of the interactions in the acetaminophen/HPMC-AS ASD occurring via H-bond interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pugliese
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
| | - Michael Toresco
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Daniel McNamara
- Drug
Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Anuji Abraham
- Drug
Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michael Tobyn
- Drug
Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton CH46 1QW, United
Kingdom
| | - Lucy E. Hawarden
- Drug
Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton CH46 1QW, United
Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
- Stephenson
Institute for Renewable Energy, University
of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool L69 7ZF, United Kingdom
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4
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Lee HR, Park HJ, Park JS, Park DW, Ho MJ, Kim DY, Lee HC, Kim EJ, Song WH, Park JS, Choi YS, Kang MJ. Montelukast microsuspension with hypromellose for improved stability and oral absorption. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1732-1742. [PMID: 34051251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral montelukast (MTK) is prescribed to treat asthma or rhinitis, and is clinically investigated as new medication in the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Herein, in order to better patient's compliance, microsuspensions (MSs)-based oral liquid preparations of montelukast (MTK) were formulated with polymeric suspending agents including hypromellose (HPMC), and those drug-polymer interaction, physicochemical stability, dissolution, and in vivo pharmacokinetic profile was evaluated. When amorphous MTK particle was suspended in aqueous vehicle, it was readily converted into crystalline form and grown into aggregates, drastically lowering dissolution rate. However, the addition of HPMC polymer markedly suppressed the crystal growth, providing both improved drug stability and profound dissolution profile. Raman spectrometry denoted the inter-molecular hydrogen boding between MTK particle and HPMC polymer. The crystal growth or dissolution profile of MSs was markedly affected by pharmaceutical additives (sucrose or simethicone) in the preparations or storage temperature. The optimized HPMC-based MS exhibited over 80% higher bioavailability, compared to marketed granule (Singulair®) in rats. Therefore, novel MTK-loaded MS can be a promising liquid preparation, bettering oral absorption and patient's compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Ryeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Jin Ho
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Chun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Kim
- GL Pharm Tech Corp., 137, Sagimakgol-ro, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Heon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sang Park
- GL Pharm Tech Corp., 137, Sagimakgol-ro, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea.
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Paisana MC, Lino PR, Nunes PD, Pinto JF, Henriques J, Paiva AM. Laser diffraction as a powerful tool for amorphous solid dispersion screening and dissolution understanding. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 163:105853. [PMID: 33865976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II and IV drugs may be formulated as supersaturating drug delivery systems (e.g., amorphous solid dispersions [ASDs]) that can generate a supersaturated drug solution during gastrointestinal (GI) transit. The mechanisms that contribute to increased bioavailability are generally attributed to the increased solubility of the amorphous form, but another mechanism with significant contributions to the improved bioavailability have been recently identified. This mechanism consists on the formation of colloidal species and may further improve the bioavailability several fold beyond that of the amorphous drug alone. These colloidal species occur when the concentration of drug generated in solution exceeds the amorphous solubility during dissolution, resulting in a liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). For the appearance of LLPS, the crystallization kinetics needs to be slow relatively to the dissolution process. This work intended to implement an analytical methodology to understand the ability of a drug to form colloidal species in a biorelevant dissolution media. This screening tool was therefore focused on following the colloidal formation and crystallization kinetics of itraconazole (ITZ; model drug from BSC class II) in the presence of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC-AS L and HPMC-AS M, which are HPMC-AS with varying ratios of succinoyl:acetyl groups), using a laser diffraction-based methodology. The ability of ITZ to form colloids by a solvent-shift approach was compared with the actual colloidal formation of ITZ amorphous solid dispersions produced by spray-drying. Results indicate that regardless of the used methodology, colloids of ITZ can be detected and monitored. The extension of colloid generation showed to be correlated with the ASD disintegration/dissolution rate, i.e, polymers with faster wettability kinetics led to faster ASD disintegration and colloidal formation. As conclusion, this study showed that laser diffraction could give complementary information about colloidal formation and ASD dissolution profile, showing to be an excellent screening strategy to be applied in the early stage development of amorphous solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Paisana
- R&D Analytical Development, Hovione Farmaciencia SA, Lumiar, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Paulo R Lino
- R&D Drug Product Development, Hovione Farmaciencia SA, Lumiar, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patricia D Nunes
- R&D Analytical Development, Hovione Farmaciencia SA, Lumiar, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal; R&D Drug Product Development, Hovione Farmaciencia SA, Lumiar, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal; iMed - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1640-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João F Pinto
- iMed - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1640-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Henriques
- R&D Drug Product Development, Hovione Farmaciencia SA, Lumiar, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Mafalda Paiva
- R&D Analytical Development, Hovione Farmaciencia SA, Lumiar, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
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6
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Pugliese A, Hawarden LE, Abraham A, Tobyn M, Blanc F. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetyl succinate polymer, a useful carrier in pharmaceutical solid dispersions. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:1036-1048. [PMID: 31880823 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) acetyl succinate (HPMC-AS) is a key polymer used for the enablement of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) in oral solid dosage forms. Choice of the appropriate grade within the material is often made empirically by the manufacturer of small-scale formulations, followed by extensive real time stability. A key factor in understanding and predicting the performance of an ASD is related to the presence of hydrogen (or other) bonds between the polymer and active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), which will increase stability over the parameters captured by miscibility and predicted by the Gordon-Taylor equation. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is particularly well equipped to probe spatial proximities, for example, between polymer and API; however, in the case of HPMC-AS, these interactions have been sometimes difficult to identity as the carbon-13 NMR spectra assignment is yet to be firmly established. Using feedstock, selectively substituted HPMC polymers, and NMR editing experiments, we propose here a comprehensive understanding of the chemical structure of HPMC-AS and a definitive spectral assignment of the 13 C NMR spectra of this polymer. The NMR data also capture the molar ratios of the acetate and succinate moieties present in HPMC-AS of various grades without the need for post treatment required by chromatography methods commonly use in pharmacopoeia. This knowledge will allow the prediction and measurement of interactions between polymers and APIs and therefore a rational choice of polymer grade to enhance the solid state stability of ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pugliese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Anuji Abraham
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Product Science and Technology, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Michael Tobyn
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Biopharmaceutics R&D, Moreton, UK
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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7
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Adhikari A, Polli JE. Characterization of Grades of HPMCAS Spray Dried Dispersions of Itraconazole Based on Supersaturation Kinetics and Molecular Interactions Impacting Formulation Performance. Pharm Res 2020; 37:192. [PMID: 32914239 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective was to characterize hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HMPCAS) grades L, M, and H to enhance itraconazole (ITZ) release and permeation from spray dried dispersions (SDDs), and to investigate underpinning molecular ITZ-HPMCAS interactions that differentiated grade performance. METHODS ITZ or its SDDs were subjected to solution stabilization assessment, one-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, saturation transfer difference NMR studies, small volume dissolution, solid state transformation studies, and in vitro dissolution/permeation flux studies. RESULTS HPMCAS-L was the best performing grade overall and exhibited greatest ITZ supersaturation concentration, small volume dissolution, and in vitro dissolution/permeation flux. Meanwhile, H grade retarded ITZ precipitation to the greatest extent in solution stabilization studies and exhibited greater hydrophobic interaction with ITZ in NMR studies. However, this apparent advantage of H grade through hydrophobic interactions between drug-polymer appeared to limit overall dissolution/permeation performance of SDD. CONCLUSIONS In vitro SDD studies and drug-polymer interaction studies provided insight into the performance of HPMCAS grades, as well as the relative contributions of various mechanisms that polymer can promote ITZ absorption from SDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Adhikari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, HSF2 room 623, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
| | - James E Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, HSF2 room 623, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA.
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8
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Tian Y, Jacobs E, Jones DS, McCoy CP, Wu H, Andrews GP. The design and development of high drug loading amorphous solid dispersion for hot-melt extrusion platform. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119545. [PMID: 32553496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a formulation strategy extensively used to enhance the bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. Despite this, they are limited by various factors such as limited drug loading, poor stability, drug-excipient miscibility and the choice of process platforms. In this work, we have developed a strategy for the manufacture of high drug loaded ASD (HDASD) using hot-melt extrusion (HME) based platform. Three drug-polymer combinations, indomethacin-Eudragit®E, naproxen-Eudragit®E and ibuprofen-Eudragit®E, were used as the model systems. The design spaces were predicted through Flory-Huggins based theory, and the selected HDASDs at pre-defined conditions were manufactured using HME and quench-cooled melt methods. These HDASD systems were also extensively characterised via small angle/wide angle x-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, Infrared and Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. It was verified that HDASDs were successfully produced via HME platform at the pre-defined conditions, with maximum drug loadings of 0.65, 0.70 and 0.60 w/w for drug indomethacin, ibuprofen and naproxen respectively. Enhanced physical stability was further confirmed by high humidity (95%RH) storage stability studies. Through this work, we have demonstrated that by the implementation of predictive thermodynamic modelling, HDASD formulation design can be integrated into the HME process design to ensure the desired quality of the final dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Esther Jacobs
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, UK
| | - David S Jones
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Colin P McCoy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK; Centre for Nature Inspired Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Gavin P Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, UK
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9
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Solubilization of itraconazole by surfactants and phospholipid-surfactant mixtures: interplay of amphiphile structure, pH and electrostatic interactions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Influence of Carbamazepine Dihydrate on the Preparation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions by Hot Melt Extrusion. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040379. [PMID: 32326114 PMCID: PMC7238004 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Hot melt extrusion (HME) has been employed to prepare ASD based products. However, due to the narrow processing window of HME, ASDs are normally obtained with high processing temperatures and mechanical stress. Interestingly, one-third of pharmaceutical compounds reportedly exist in hydrate forms. In this study, we selected carbamazepine (CBZ) dihydrate to investigate its solid-state changes during the dehydration process and the impact of the dehydration on the preparation of CBZ ASDs using a Leistritz micro-18 extruder. Various characterization techniques were used to study the dehydration kinetics of CBZ dihydrate under different conditions. We designed the extrusion runs and demonstrated that: 1) the dehydration of CBZ dihydrate resulted in a disordered state of the drug molecule; 2) the resulted higher energy state CBZ facilitated the drug solubilization and mixing with the polymer matrix during the HME process, which significantly decreased the required extrusion temperature from 140 to 60 °C for CBZ ASDs manufacturing compared to directly processing anhydrous crystalline CBZ. This work illustrated that the proper utilization of drug hydrates can significantly improve the processability of HME for preparing ASDs.
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11
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Umemoto Y, Uchida S, Yoshida T, Shimada K, Kojima H, Takagi A, Tanaka S, Kashiwagura Y, Namiki N. An effective polyvinyl alcohol for the solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs in solid dispersion formulations. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Solanki NG, Lam K, Tahsin M, Gumaste SG, Shah AV, Serajuddin AT. Effects of Surfactants on Itraconazole-HPMCAS Solid Dispersion Prepared by Hot-Melt Extrusion I: Miscibility and Drug Release. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1453-1465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ellenberger DJ, Miller DA, Kucera SU, Williams RO. Generation of a Weakly Acidic Amorphous Solid Dispersion of the Weak Base Ritonavir with Equivalent In Vitro and In Vivo Performance to Norvir Tablet. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1985-1997. [PMID: 29869311 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ritonavir is an anti-viral compound that has also been employed extensively as a CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) inhibitor to boost the pharmacokinetic performance of compounds that undergo first pass metabolism. For use in combination products, there is a desire to minimize the mass contribution of the ritonavir system to reduce patient pill burden in these combination products. In this study, KinetiSol® processing was utilized to produce an amorphous solid dispersion of ritonavir at two times the drug load of the commercially available form of ritonavir, and the composition was subsequently developed into a tablet dosage form. The amorphous intermediate was demonstrated to be amorphous by X-ray powder diffraction and 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and an intimately mixed single-phase system by modulated differential scanning calorimetry and 1H T1/1H T1ρ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation. In vitro transmembrane flux analysis showed similar permeation rates for the KinetiSol-made tablet and the reference tablet dosage form, Norvir®. In vivo pharmacokinetic comparison between the two dosage forms resulted in equivalent exposure with approximately 20% Cmax reduction for the KinetiSol tablet. These performance gains were realized with a concurrent reduction in dosage form mass of 45%.
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14
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Ellenberger DJ, Miller DA, Williams RO. Expanding the Application and Formulation Space of Amorphous Solid Dispersions with KinetiSol®: a Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1933-1956. [PMID: 29846889 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the high number of poorly soluble drugs in the development pipeline, novel processes for delivery of these challenging molecules are increasingly in demand. One such emerging method is KinetiSol, which utilizes high shear to produce amorphous solid dispersions. The process has been shown to be amenable to difficult to process active pharmaceutical ingredients with high melting points, poor organic solubility, or sensitivity to heat degradation. Additionally, the process enables classes of polymers not conventionally processable due to their high molecular weight and/or poor organic solubility. Beyond these advantages, the KinetiSol process shows promise with other applications, such as the production of amorphous mucoadhesive dispersions for delivery of compounds that would also benefit from permeability enhancement.
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Suys EJA, Chalmers DK, Pouton CW, Porter CJH. Polymeric Precipitation Inhibitors Promote Fenofibrate Supersaturation and Enhance Drug Absorption from a Type IV Lipid-Based Formulation. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2355-2371. [PMID: 29659287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of lipid-based formulations (LBFs) to increase the solubilization, and prolong the supersaturation, of poorly water-soluble drugs (PWSDs) in the gastrointestinal (GI) fluids has generated significant interest in the past decade. One mechanism to enhance the utility of LBFs is to prolong supersaturation via the addition of polymers that inhibit drug precipitation (polymeric precipitation inhibitors or PPIs) to the formulation. In this work, we have evaluated the performance of a range of PPIs and have identified PPIs that are sufficiently soluble in LBF to allow the construction of single phase formulations. An in vitro model was first employed to assess drug (fenofibrate) solubilization and supersaturation on LBF dispersion and digestion. An in vitro-in situ model was subsequently employed to simultaneously evaluate the impact of PPI enhanced drug supersaturation on drug absorption in rats. The stabilizing effect of the polymers was polymer specific and most pronounced at higher drug loads. Polymers that were soluble in LBF allowed simple processing as single phase formulations, while formulations containing more hydrophilic polymers required polymer suspension in the formulation. The lipid-soluble polymers Eudragit (EU) RL100 and poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether) (PPGAE) and the water-soluble polymer hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) E4M were identified as the most effective PPIs in delaying fenofibrate precipitation in vitro. An in vitro model of lipid digestion was subsequently coupled directly to an in situ single pass intestinal perfusion assay to evaluate the influence of PPIs on fenofibrate absorption from LBFs in vivo. This coupled model allowed for real-time evaluation of the impact of supersaturation stabilization on absorptive drug flux and provided better discrimination between the different PPIs and formulations. In the presence of the in situ absorption sink, increased fenofibrate supersaturation resulted in increased drug exposure, and a good correlation was found between the degree of in vitro supersaturation and in vivo drug exposure. An improved in vitro-in vivo correlation was apparent when comparing the same formulation under different supersaturation conditions. These observations directly exemplify the potential utility of PPIs in promoting drug absorption from LBF, via stabilization of supersaturation, and further confirm that relatively brief periods of supersaturation may be sufficient to promote drug absorption, at least for highly permeable drugs such as fenofibrate.
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Jermain SV, Brough C, Williams RO. Amorphous solid dispersions and nanocrystal technologies for poorly water-soluble drug delivery – An update. Int J Pharm 2018; 535:379-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chan T, Ouyang D. Investigating the molecular dissolution process of binary solid dispersions by molecular dynamics simulations. Asian J Pharm Sci 2017; 13:248-254. [PMID: 32104398 PMCID: PMC7032239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolution molecular mechanism of solid dispersions still remains unclear despite thousands of reports about this technique. The aim of current research was to investigate the molecular dissolution mechanism of solid dispersions by molecular dynamics simulations. The formation of ibuprofen/polymer solid dispersions was modeled by the simulated annealing method. After that, the models of solid dispersions were immersed into the water box with 25–30 Å thicknesses and 50–100 ns MD simulations were performed to all systems. Simulation results showed various dissolution behaviors in different particle sizes and various polymers of solid dispersions. Small-sized particles of solid dispersions dissolved quickly in the water, while the large particles of PEG or PVP-containing solid dispersions gradually swelled in the dissolution process and drug molecules may aggregate together. In the dissolution process, the carboxylic groups of ibuprofen molecules turned its direction from polymer molecules to external water box and then the drug molecules left the polymer coils. At the same time, polymer coils gradually relaxed and became free polymer chains in the solution. In addition, solid dispersion with poloxamer could prevent the precipitate of drug molecules in the dissolution process, which is different from those of PEG or PVP-containing systems. This research provided us clear images of dissolution process of solid dispersions at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- TengIan Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Laitinen R, Löbmann K, Grohganz H, Priemel P, Strachan CJ, Rades T. Supersaturating drug delivery systems: The potential of co-amorphous drug formulations. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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LaFountaine JS, Prasad LK, Miller DA, McGinity JW, Williams RO. Mucoadhesive amorphous solid dispersions for sustained release of poorly water soluble drugs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 113:157-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Motawea A, Borg T, Tarshoby M, Abd El-Gawad AEGH. Nanoemulsifying drug delivery system to improve the bioavailability of piroxicam. Pharm Dev Technol 2016; 22:445-456. [PMID: 27583581 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2016.1231810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to develop and characterize self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of piroxicam in liquid and solid forms to improve its dissolution, absorption and therapeutic efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The generation of liquid SNEDDS (L-SNEDDS) was composed of soybean or coconut oil/Tween 80/Transcutol HP (12/80/8%w/w) and it was selected as the optimized formulation based on the solubility study and pseudo-ternary phase diagram. Optimized L-SNEDDS and liquid supersaturatable SNEDDS (L-sSNEDDS) preparations were then adsorbed onto adsorbents and formulated as directly compressed tablets. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The improved drug dissolution rate in the solid supersaturatable preparation (S-sSNEDDS) may be due to the formation of a nanoemulsion and the presence of drug in an amorphous state with hydrogen bond interaction between the drug and SNEDDS components. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies on eight healthy human volunteers showed a significant improvement in the oral bioavailability of piroxicam from S-sSNEDDS (F12) compared with both the pure drug (PP) and its commercial product (Feldene®) (commercial dosage form (CD)). The relative bioavailability of S-sSNEDDS (F12) relative to PP or CD was about 151.01 and 98.96%, respectively. CONCLUSION The obtained results ratify that S-sSNEDDS is a promising drug delivery system to enhance the oral bioavailability of piroxicam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Motawea
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Thanaa Borg
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Manal Tarshoby
- b Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
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Li Z, Zhang M, Liu C, Zhou S, Zhang W, Wang T, Zhou M, Liu X, Wang Y, Sun Y, Sun J. Development of Liposome containing sodium deoxycholate to enhance oral bioavailability of itraconazole. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016; 12:157-164. [PMID: 32104325 PMCID: PMC7032120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to enhance oral bioavailability of itraconazole (ITZ) by developing Liposome containing sodium deoxycholate (ITZ-Lip-NaDC). The liposome, consisting of egg yolk lecithin and sodium deoxycholate, was prepared by thin-film dispersion method. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) results indicated an amorphous state in the liposome. The physicochemical characteristics including particle size, morphology, entrapment efficiency, dissolution properties were also investigated. The performance of single-pass intestinal infusion exhibited that the transport order of intestinal segment was jejunum, duodenum, colon and ileum, and that all the segments participated in the absorption of ITZ in intestinal tract. The bioavailability study in rats showed that the AUC0-72 of the liposome was nearly 1.67-fold higher than that of commercial capsules (SPORANOX) in terms of oral administration, and the RSD of AUC0-72 of ITZ-Lip-NaDC was also decreased. Our results indicated that ITZ-Lip-NaDC liposome was facilitated to improve dissolution efficiency, augment transmembrane absorption, and then enhance the oral bioavailability of ITZ, successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shiwei Zhou
- Suihua No. 1 hospital, Beilin Road, Heilongjiang 152000, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tianyang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- School of further education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yinghua Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- Corresponding author. School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China. Fax: +86 24 23986325.
| | - Jin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- Corresponding author. School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China. Fax: +86 24 23986325.
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Brough C, Miller DA, Ellenberger D, Lubda D, Williams RO. Use of Polyvinyl Alcohol as a Solubility Enhancing Polymer for Poorly Water-Soluble Drug Delivery (Part 2). AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:180-90. [PMID: 26863889 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The KinetiSol® Dispersing (KSD) technology has enabled the investigation into the use of polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL) as a concentration enhancing polymer for amorphous solid dispersions. Our previous study revealed that the 88% hydrolyzed grade of PVAL was optimal for itraconazole (ITZ) amorphous compositions with regard to solid-state properties, non-sink dissolution performance, and bioavailability enhancement. The current study investigates the influence of molecular weight for the 88% hydrolyzed grades of PVAL on the properties of KSD processed ITZ:PVAL amorphous dispersions. Specifically, molecular weights in the processable range of 4 to 18 mPa · s were evaluated and the 4-88 grade provided the highest AUC dissolution profile. Amorphous dispersions at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% ITZ drug loads in PVAL 4-88 were also compared by dissolution performance. Analytical tools of diffusion-ordered spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to understand the interaction between drug and polymer. Finally, results from a 30-month stability test of a 30% drug loaded ITZ:PVAL 4-88 composition shows that stable amorphous dispersions can be achieved. Thus, this newly enabled polymer carrier can be considered a viable option for pharmaceutical formulation development for solubility enhancement.
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LaFountaine JS, McGinity JW, Williams RO. Challenges and Strategies in Thermal Processing of Amorphous Solid Dispersions: A Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:43-55. [PMID: 26307759 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal processing of amorphous solid dispersions continues to gain interest in the pharmaceutical industry, as evident by several recently approved commercial products. Still, a number of pharmaceutical polymer carriers exhibit thermal or viscoelastic limitations in thermal processing, especially at smaller scales. Additionally, active pharmaceutical ingredients with high melting points and/or that are thermally labile present their own specific challenges. This review will outline a number of formulation and process-driven strategies to enable thermal processing of challenging compositions. These include the use of traditional plasticizers and surfactants, temporary plasticizers utilizing sub- or supercritical carbon dioxide, designer polymers tailored for hot-melt extrusion processing, and KinetiSol® Dispersing technology. Recent case studies of each strategy will be described along with potential benefits and limitations.
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LaFountaine JS, Prasad LK, Brough C, Miller DA, McGinity JW, Williams RO. Thermal Processing of PVP- and HPMC-Based Amorphous Solid Dispersions. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:120-32. [PMID: 26729526 PMCID: PMC4766119 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal processing technologies continue to gain interest in pharmaceutical manufacturing. However, the types and grades of polymers that can be utilized in common thermal processing technologies, such as hot-melt extrusion (HME), are often limited by thermal or rheological factors. The objectives of the present study were to compare and contrast two thermal processing methods, HME and KinetiSol® Dispersing (KSD), and investigate the influence of polymer type, polymer molecular weight, and drug loading on the ability to produce amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) containing the model compound griseofulvin (GRIS). Dispersions were analyzed by a variety of imaging, solid-state, thermal, and solution-state techniques. Dispersions were prepared by both HME and KSD using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K17 or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) E5. Dispersions were only prepared by KSD using higher molecular weight grades of HPMC and PVP, as these could not be extruded under the conditions selected. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis showed that dispersions prepared by HME were amorphous at 10% and 20% drug load; however, it showed significant crystallinity at 40% drug load. PXRD analysis of KSD samples showed all formulations and drug loads to be amorphous with the exception of trace crystallinity seen in PVP K17 and PVP K30 samples at 40% drug load. These results were further supported by other analytical techniques. KSD produced amorphous dispersions at higher drug loads than could be prepared by HME, as well as with higher molecular weight polymers that were not processable by HME, due to its higher rate of shear and torque output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S LaFountaine
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
| | - Leena Kumari Prasad
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Chris Brough
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
- DisperSol Technologies, LLC, 111 Cooperative Way, Georgetown, Texas, 78626, USA
| | - Dave A Miller
- DisperSol Technologies, LLC, 111 Cooperative Way, Georgetown, Texas, 78626, USA
| | - James W McGinity
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
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26
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Ullah M, Hussain I, Sun CC. The development of carbamazepine-succinic acid cocrystal tablet formulations with improved in vitro and in vivo performance. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:969-76. [PMID: 26460090 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1096281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of soluble cocrystal for delivering drugs with low solubility, although a potentially effective approach, often suffers the problem of rapid disproportionation during dissolution, which negates the solubility advantages offered by the cocrystal. This necessitates their robust stabilization in order for successful use in a tablet dosage form. The cocrystal between carbamezepine and succinic acid (CBZ-SUC) exhibits a higher aqueous solubility than its dihydrate, which is the stable form of CBZ in water. Using this model system, we demonstrate an efficient and material-sparing tablet formulation screening approach enabled by intrinsic dissolution rate measurements. Three tablet formulations capable of stabilizing the cocrystal both under accelerated condition of 40 °C and 75% RH and during dissolution were developed using three different polymers, Soluplus® (F1), Kollidon VA/64 (F2) and Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate (F3). When compared to a marketed product, Epitol® 200 mg tablets (F0), drug release after 60 min from formulations F1 (∼82%), F2 (∼95%) and F3 (∼95%) was all higher than that from Epitol® (79%) in a modified simulated intestinal fluid. Studies in albino rabbits show correspondingly better bioavailability of F1-F3 than Epitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majeed Ullah
- a Department of Pharmacy , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad , Pakistan and.,b Department of Pharmaceutics , Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Izhar Hussain
- a Department of Pharmacy , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad , Pakistan and
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
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27
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He Y, Ho C. Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Utilization and Challenges in Drug Discovery and Development. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:3237-58. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Lang B, Liu S, McGinity JW, Williams RO. Effect of hydrophilic additives on the dissolution and pharmacokinetic properties of itraconazole-enteric polymer hot-melt extruded amorphous solid dispersions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:429-45. [PMID: 26355819 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1075031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion technology has been widely reported for producing amorphous solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble compounds. A number of studies revealed that enteric polymers containing ionizable groups are able to improve the physical stability and maintain drug supersaturation, thereby enhancing oral bioavailability. However, our previous studies found that itraconazole (ITZ)-enteric polymer amorphous solid dispersions are hydrophobic and poorly wettable. Moreover, drug release in an acidic environment (i.e. stomach) is very limited, indicating a narrow absorption window. In the present study, we investigated the effect of hydrophilic additives on the in vitro and in vivo performance of ITZ-enteric polymer amorphous solid dispersions. Incorporating Vitamin E TPGS into ITZ-HPMCAS amorphous solid dispersions significantly improved drug release in the acidic media. Surprisingly, a low concentration of Vitamin E TPGS also enhanced the degree of drug supersaturation in neutral pH media, which is unique as compared with other tested hydrophilic additives. This effect is not due to the solubilization of the surfactant. We further formulated the amorphous solid dispersions into tablet dosage forms and evaluated their performance in a bio-relevant dissolution media. Our optimized formulations exhibited drastically enhanced dissolution profiles as compared with the commercial ITZ product and ITZ amorphous solid dispersion without hydrophilic additive. In vivo study showed that Vitamin E TPGS induced rapid drug absorption after oral administration. Moreover, the elimination half-life of ITZ was prolonged due to the enzyme inhibition effect of Vitamin E TPGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lang
- a Division of Pharmaceutics , College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA and
| | - Sha Liu
- a Division of Pharmaceutics , College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA and.,b Department of Pharmacology , Shandong University School of Medicine , Shandong , China
| | - James W McGinity
- a Division of Pharmaceutics , College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA and
| | - Robert O Williams
- a Division of Pharmaceutics , College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA and
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Evaluation of Influence of Various Polymers on Dissolution and Phase Behavior of Carbamazepine-Succinic Acid Cocrystal in Matrix Tablets. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:870656. [PMID: 26380301 PMCID: PMC4561304 DOI: 10.1155/2015/870656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of current study was to explore the influence of three commonly used polymers, that is, cellulosics and noncellulosics, for example, Methocel K4M, Kollidon VA/64, and Soluplus, on the phase disproportionation and drug release profile of carbamazepine-succinic acid (CBZ-SUC) cocrystal at varying drug to polymer ratios (1 : 1 to 1 : 0.25) in matrix tablets. The polymorphic phase disproportionation during in-depth dissolution studies of CBZ-SUC cocrystals and its crystalline properties were scrutinized by X-ray powder diffractrometry and Raman spectroscopy. The percent drug release from HPMC formulations (CSH) showed inverse relation with the concentration of polymer; that is, drug release increased with decrease in polymer concentration. On contrary, direct relation was observed between percent drug release and polymer concentrations of Kollidon VA 64/Soluplus (CSK, CSS). At similar polymer concentration, drug release from pure carbamazepine was slightly lower with HPMC formulations than that of cocrystal; however, opposite trend in release rate was observed with Kollidon VA/64 and Soluplus. The significant increase in dissolution rate of cocrystal occurred with Kollidon VA/64 and Soluplus at higher polymer concentration. Moreover, no phase change took place in Methocel and Kollidon formulations. No tablet residue was left for Soluplus formulation so the impact of polymer on cocrystal integrity cannot be predicted.
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Dash RN, Mohammed H, Humaira T, Reddy AV. Solid supersaturatable self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems for improved dissolution, absorption and pharmacodynamic effects of glipizide. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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31
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Bennett RC, Keen JM, Bi Y(V, Porter S, Dürig T, McGinity JW. Investigation of the interactions of enteric and hydrophilic polymers to enhance dissolution of griseofulvin following hot melt extrusion processing. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:918-38. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study focuses on the application of hot melt extrusion (HME) to produce solid dispersions containing griseofulvin (GF) and investigates the in-vitro dissolution performance of HME powders and resulting tablet compositions containing HME-processed dispersions.
Methods
Binary, ternary and quaternary dispersions containing GF, enteric polymer (Eudragit L100-55 or AQOAT-LF) and/or vinyl pyrrolidone-based polymer (Plasdone K-12 povidone or S-630 copovidone) were processed by HME. Two plasticizers, triethyl citrate (TEC) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), were incorporated to aid in melt processing and to modify release of GF in neutral media following a pH-change in dissolution. Products were characterized for GF recovery, degrees of compositional amorphous character, intermolecular interactions and non-sink dissolution performance.
Key findings
Binary dispersions exhibited lower maximum observed concentration values and magnitudes of supersaturated GF in neutral media dissolution in comparison with the ternary dispersions. The quaternary HME products, 1 : 2 : 1 : 0.6 GF : L100-55 : S-630 : ATBC and GF : AQOAT-LF : K-12 : ATBC, were determined as the most optimal concentration-enhancing compositions due to increased hydrogen bonding of enteric functional groups with carbonyl/acetate groups of vinyl pyrrolidone-based polymers, reduced compositional crystallinity and presence of incorporated hydrophobic plasticizer.
Conclusions
HME products containing combinations of concentration-enhancing polymers can supersaturate and sustain GF dissolution to greater magnitudes in neutral media following the pH-transition and be compressed into immediate-release tablets exhibiting similar dissolution profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Bennett
- Division of Pharmaceutics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Justin M Keen
- Division of Pharmaceutics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yunxia (Vivian) Bi
- Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Technology, R&D, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Stuart Porter
- Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Technology, R&D, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Thomas Dürig
- Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Technology, R&D, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - James W McGinity
- Division of Pharmaceutics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Terebetski JL, Cummings JJ, Fauty SE, Michniak-Kohn B. Combined use of crystalline sodium salt and polymeric precipitation inhibitors to improve pharmacokinetic profile of ibuprofen through supersaturation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:1334-44. [PMID: 24920524 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To maximize the pharmacological effect of a pain reliever such as ibuprofen, early onset of action is critical. Unfortunately, the acidic nature of ibuprofen minimizes the amount of drug that can be solubilized under gastric conditions and would be available for immediate absorption upon entry into the intestine. Although the sodium salt of ibuprofen has higher solubility, rapid conversion from the salt to the poorly soluble free acid phase occurs under gastric conditions. Therefore, the combination of the highly soluble sodium salt form of ibuprofen with polymers was evaluated as an approach to prolong supersaturation of ibuprofen during the disproportionation of the salt. Binary combinations of ibuprofen sodium with polymers resulted in the identification of several formulations that demonstrated high degrees and extended durations of supersaturation during in vitro dissolution experiments. These formulations included HPMC, polyvinyl pyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP-VA64), methylcellulose (MC), and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). The in vitro supersaturation observed with these ibuprofen-polymer formulations translated to an increase in Cmax and an earlier Tmax for the PVP-VA64, MC, and HPC formulations relative to ibuprofen only controls when administered orally to rats under fasted conditions. Based on these observations, combining ibuprofen sodium with polymers such as PVP-VA64, MC, or HPC is a viable formulation approach to prolong supersaturation in the stomach and enable an optimized pharmacokinetic profile in vivo where rapid onset of action is desired.
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Hughey JR, Keen JM, Bennett RC, Obara S, McGinity JW. The incorporation of low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose into solid dispersion systems. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:1294-301. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.947508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gue E, Muschert S, Willart JF, Danede F, Delcourt-Debruyne E, Descamps M, Siepmann J. Accelerated ketoprofen release from spray-dried polymeric particles: importance of phase transitions and excipient distribution. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:838-50. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.908902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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35
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Bennett RC, Brough C, Miller DA, O’Donnell KP, Keen JM, Hughey JR, Williams RO, McGinity JW. Preparation of amorphous solid dispersions by rotary evaporation and KinetiSol Dispersing: approaches to enhance solubility of a poorly water-soluble gum extract. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 41:382-97. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.866142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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36
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Xu S, Dai WG. Drug precipitation inhibitors in supersaturable formulations. Int J Pharm 2013; 453:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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He Y, Liu H, Xie Z, Liao Q, Lai X, Du Z. PVP and surfactant combined carrier as an effective absorption enhancer of poorly soluble astilbin in vitro and in vivo. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:237-43. [PMID: 23350723 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.756008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Astilbin is considered to be a new and promising immunosuppressant for immune related diseases, but limited in clinical application due to its poor water solubility, difficult oral absorption and low bioavailability. OBJECTIVE The present work studied the effect of PVP and surfactant combined carrier on its capability to improve drug absorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS PVP K30-Tween 80 combined carries was applied into the astilbin solid dispersions, tested both in vivo in beagle dogs and in vitro in transport experiments across Caco-2 cell monolayers. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the animal studies a many fold increase in plasma AUC was observed for the solid dispersions of drug in PVP K30-Tween 80 combined carries compared to active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The applicability of Caco-2 monolayers as a tool for predicting the in vivo transport behavior of Astilbin in combination with a solubility enhancing carries was shown. In vitro transport studies confirmed the effect of combined carries on the absorption behavior of the astilbin. MTT studies showed the cell viability gradually decreased with the increase of the drug concentration in a dose dependent manner for astilbin and that in solid dispersions. The permeability and apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) increased with drug in the Caco-2 cell. CONCLUSION In this study, it was found that PVP K30 and Tween 80 promoted the permeability of drugs best within a certain amount. For astilbin PVP K30 and surfactant combined carrier had a strong potential to improve oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry , Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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Dani P, Puri V, Bansal AK. Solubility advantage from amorphous etoricoxib solid dispersions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:92-101. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.749887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Formulation Development of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Prepared by Melt Extrusion. AAPS ADVANCES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES SERIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8432-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Yoshida T, Kurimoto I, Yoshihara K, Umejima H, Ito N, Watanabe S, Sako K, Kikuchi A. Effect of aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E/HCl on in vivo absorption of poorly water-soluble drug. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:1698-705. [PMID: 23062024 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.730525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate in vivo absorption of tacrolimus formulated as a solid dispersion using Eudragit E®/HCl (E-SD). E-SD is an aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer that can be dissolved under neutral pH conditions. E-SD was used alone as a solid dispersion carrier and/or was mixed with tacrolimus primarily dispersed with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). Tacrolimus was formulated with E-SD at several different ratios. Formulations with tacrolimus/E-SD ratio of 1/3 showed higher in vivo absorption, compared to tacrolimus dispersed in the excipients (primarily HPMC) found in commercially available tacrolimus capsules, using a rat in situ closed loop method. Good correlation was observed between in vitro drug solubility and in vivo drug absorption. In vitro solubility tests and rat oral absorption studies of tacrolimus/HPMC solid dispersion formulations were also conducted after mixing the HPMC dispersion with several ratios of E-SD. E-SD/tacrolimus/HPMC formulations yielded high in vitro drug solubility but comparatively low in vivo absorption. Dog oral absorption studies were conducted using capsules containing a formulation of tacrolimus/E-SD at a ratio of 1/5. The E-SD formulation-containing capsule showed higher in vivo drug absorption than tacrolimus dispersed in the standard HPMC capsule. These studies report enhancement of the in vivo absorption of a poorly water-soluble drug following dispersion with E-SD when compared to formulation in HPMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatsune Yoshida
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs , Astellas Pharma, Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka , Japan
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Hughey JR, Keen JM, Miller DA, Brough C, McGinity JW. Preparation and characterization of fusion processed solid dispersions containing a viscous thermally labile polymeric carrier. Int J Pharm 2012; 438:11-9. [PMID: 22960321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of hydroxypropyl and methoxyl substituted cellulose ethers to stabilize supersaturated concentrations of itraconazole (ITZ), a poorly water-soluble weak base, after an acid-to-neutral pH transition. A secondary aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of fusion processes on polymer stability and molecular weight. Polymer screening studies showed that stabilization of ITZ supersaturation was related to the molecular weight of the polymer and levels of hydroxypropyl and methoxyl substitution. METHOCEL E50LV (E50LV), which is characterized as having a high melt viscosity, was selected for solid dispersion formulation studies. Hot-melt extrusion processing of E50LV based compositions resulted in high torque loads, low material throughput and polymer degradation. KinetiSol Dispersing, a novel fusion based processing technique, was evaluated as a method to prepare the solid dispersions with reduced levels of polymer degradation. An experimental design revealed that polymer molecular weight was sensitive to shearing forces and high temperatures. However, optimal processing conditions resulted in significantly reduced E50LV degradation relative to HME processing. The technique was effectively utilized to prepare homogenous solid solutions of E50LV and ITZ, characterized as having a single glass transition temperature over a wide range of drug loadings. All prepared compositions provided for a high degree of ITZ supersaturation stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Hughey
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, 1 University Station., Mailstop A 1920, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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Gao P, Shi Y. Characterization of supersaturatable formulations for improved absorption of poorly soluble drugs. AAPS JOURNAL 2012; 14:703-13. [PMID: 22798021 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-012-9389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing number of poorly water-soluble compounds in contemporary drug discovery pipelines, the concept of supersaturation as an effective formulation approach for enhancing bioavailability is gaining momentum. This is intended to design the formulation to yield significantly high intraluminal concentrations of the drug than the thermodynamic equilibrium solubility through achieving supersaturation and thus to enhance the intestinal absorption. The major challenges faced by scientists developing supersaturatable formulations include controlling the rate and degree of supersaturation with the application of polymeric precipitation inhibitor and maintenance of post-administration supersaturation. This review is intended to cover publications on this topic since April 2009. Scientific publications associated with characterization of supersaturatable systems and related preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetics (PK) studies are reviewed. Specifically, this review will address issues related to assessing the performance of supersaturatable systems including: (1) Diversified approaches for developing supersaturatable formulations, (2) meaningful in vitro test methods to evaluate supersaturatable formulations, and (3) in vivo PK study cases which have demonstrated direct relevance between the supersaturation state and the exposure observed in animal models and human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gao
- Global Pharmaceutical Sciences NCF-LC, GPRD, Abbott Laboratories, R4P7, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064, USA.
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Zhang ZL, Le Y, Wang JX, Zhao H, Chen JF. Development of stabilized itraconazole nanodispersions by using high-gravity technique. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 38:1512-20. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.654794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Optimizing the Formulation of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. FORMULATING POORLY WATER SOLUBLE DRUGS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1144-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Yamashita T, Ozaki S, Kushida I. Solvent shift method for anti-precipitant screening of poorly soluble drugs using biorelevant medium and dimethyl sulfoxide. Int J Pharm 2011; 419:170-4. [PMID: 21840385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Yamashita
- Analytical Research, CMC Japan, Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Core Function Unit, Eisai Product Creation Systems, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan.
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Hughey JR, Keen JM, Brough C, Saeger S, McGinity JW. Thermal processing of a poorly water-soluble drug substance exhibiting a high melting point: The utility of KinetiSol® Dispersing. Int J Pharm 2011; 419:222-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Miller MA, DiNunzio J, Matteucci ME, Ludher BS, Williams RO, Johnston KP. Flocculated amorphous itraconazole nanoparticles for enhancedin vitrosupersaturation andin vivobioavailability. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:557-70. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.616513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Zheng W, Jain A, Papoutsakis D, Dannenfelser RM, Panicucci R, Garad S. Selection of oral bioavailability enhancing formulations during drug discovery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:235-47. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.602406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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