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Fast-Fed Variability: Insights into Drug Delivery, Molecular Manifestations, and Regulatory Aspects. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091807. [PMID: 36145555 PMCID: PMC9505616 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among various drug administration routes, oral drug delivery is preferred and is considered patient-friendly; hence, most of the marketed drugs are available as conventional tablets or capsules. In such cases, the administration of drugs with or without food has tremendous importance on the bioavailability of the drugs. The presence of food may increase (positive effect) or decrease (negative effect) the bioavailability of the drug. Such a positive or negative effect is undesirable since it makes dosage estimation difficult in several diseases. This may lead to an increased propensity for adverse effects of drugs when a positive food effect is perceived. However, a negative food effect may lead to therapeutic insufficiency for patients suffering from life-threatening disorders. This review emphasizes the causes of food effects, formulation strategies to overcome the fast-fed variability, and the regulatory aspects of drugs with food effects, which may open new avenues for researchers to design products that may help to eliminate fast-fed variability.
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Sohail Arshad M, Zafar S, Yousef B, Alyassin Y, Ali R, AlAsiri A, Chang MW, Ahmad Z, Ali Elkordy A, Faheem A, Pitt K. A review of emerging technologies enabling improved solid oral dosage form manufacturing and processing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113840. [PMID: 34147533 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tablets are the most widely utilized solid oral dosage forms because of the advantages of self-administration, stability, ease of handling, transportation, and good patient compliance. Over time, extensive advances have been made in tableting technology. This review aims to provide an insight about the advances in tablet excipients, manufacturing, analytical techniques and deployment of Quality by Design (QbD). Various excipients offering novel functionalities such as solubility enhancement, super-disintegration, taste masking and drug release modifications have been developed. Furthermore, co-processed multifunctional ready-to-use excipients, particularly for tablet dosage forms, have benefitted manufacturing with shorter processing times. Advances in granulation methods, including moist, thermal adhesion, steam, melt, freeze, foam, reverse wet and pneumatic dry granulation, have been proposed to improve product and process performance. Furthermore, methods for particle engineering including hot melt extrusion, extrusion-spheronization, injection molding, spray drying / congealing, co-precipitation and nanotechnology-based approaches have been employed to produce robust tablet formulations. A wide range of tableting technologies including rapidly disintegrating, matrix, tablet-in-tablet, tablet-in-capsule, multilayer tablets and multiparticulate systems have been developed to achieve customized formulation performance. In addition to conventional invasive characterization methods, novel techniques based on laser, tomography, fluorescence, spectroscopy and acoustic approaches have been developed to assess the physical-mechanical attributes of tablet formulations in a non- or minimally invasive manner. Conventional UV-Visible spectroscopy method has been improved (e.g. fiber-optic probes and UV imaging-based approaches) to efficiently record the dissolution profile of tablet formulations. Numerous modifications in tableting presses have also been made to aid machine product changeover, cleaning, and enhance efficiency and productivity. Various process analytical technologies have been employed to track the formulation properties and critical process parameters. These advances will contribute to a strategy for robust tablet dosage forms with excellent performance attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saman Zafar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Yousef
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmine Alyassin
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Radeyah Ali
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ali AlAsiri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom; Pharmacy College, Pharmaceutics Department, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ming-Wei Chang
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, University of Ulster, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Amal Ali Elkordy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing,University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Faheem
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing,University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Kendal Pitt
- Manufacturing, Science & Technology, Pharma Supply Chain, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, United Kingdom.
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Fang D, Yang Y, Cui M, Pan H, Wang L, Li P, Wu W, Qiao S, Pan W. Three-Dimensional (3D)-Printed Zero-Order Released Platform: a Novel Method of Personalized Dosage Form Design and Manufacturing. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:37. [PMID: 33409925 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2017, there are 451 million people with diabetes worldwide. These figures were expected to increase to 693 million by 2045. The research and development of hypoglycemic drugs has become a top priority. Among them, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs such as glipizide are commonly used in non-insulin-dependent type II diabetes. In order to adapt to the wide range of hypoglycemic drugs and the different individual needs of patients, this topic used glipizide as a model drug, and prepared glipizide preparations with 3D printing technology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prescription applicability and control-release behavior of structure and explore the application prospects of 3D printing personalized drug delivery formulations. This article aims to establish a production process for personalized preparations based on 3D printing technology. The process is easy to obtain excipients, universal prescriptions, flexible dosages, exclusive customization, and integrated automation. In this paper, the UV method was used to determine the in vitro release and content analysis method of glipizide; the physical and chemical properties of the glipizide were investigated. The established analysis method was inspected and evaluated, and the experimental results met the methodological requirements. Glipizide controlled-release tablets were prepared by the semisolid extrusion (SSE) method using traditional pharmaceutical excipients combined with 3D printing technology. The formulation composition, in vitro release, and printing process parameters of the preparation were investigated, and the final prescription and process parameters (traveling speed 6.0-7.7 mm/s and extruding speed 0.0060-0.0077 mm/s) were selected through comprehensive analysis. The routine analysis results of the preparation showed that the performance of the preparation meets the requirements. In order for 3D printing technology to play a better role in community medicine and telemedicine, this article further explored the universality of the above prescription and determined the scope of application of prescription drugs and dosages. Glipizide, gliclazide, lornoxicam, puerarin, and theophylline were used as model drugs, and the range of drug loading percentage was investigated. The results showed when the solubility of the drug is 9.45 -8.34 mg/mL, and the drug loading is 3-43%; the release behavior is similar.
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Liu W, Wang S, Lu W, Cheng Z, Jiang N. Sustained Release Ziprasidone Microparticles Prepared by Spray Drying with Soluplus® and Ethyl Cellulose to Eliminate Food Effect and Enhance Bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 21:27. [PMID: 31858315 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a new formulation of ziprasidone (ZIP) for improved fasted state absorption and sustained drug release. ZIP solid dispersions were produced via spray drying using Soluplus®, an amphiphilic polymer, as the solubility enhancer. Physicochemical analysis proved that ZIP presented at amorphous state in the spray-dried microparticles and the dissolution rate of ZIP from the Soluplus®-ZIP composite microparticles was significantly increased compared with that of the physical mixtures. Commonly used encapsulation materials including Eudragit® RL, Eudragit® S100 and Ethyl Cellulose were incorporated into the solid dispersions to regulate the drug release kinetics. The formulation containing ethyl cellulose provided the most sustained release behaviors. Pharmacokinetic studies in beagle dogs confirmed that there was no significant difference in oral bioavailability of the microparticles under fasted and fed states, and a prolonged Tmax value was simultaneously achieved compared with the commercial ZIP capsules.
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Davis M, Walker G. Recent strategies in spray drying for the enhanced bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. J Control Release 2017; 269:110-127. [PMID: 29117503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Poorly water-soluble drugs are a significant and ongoing issue for the pharmaceutical industry. An overview of recent developments for the preparation of spray-dried delivery systems is presented. Examples include amorphous solid dispersions, spray dried dispersions, microparticles, nanoparticles, surfactant systems and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. Several aspects of formulation are considered, such as pre-screening, choosing excipient(s), the effect of polymer structure on performance, formulation optimisation, ternary dispersions, fixed-dose combinations, solvent selection and component miscibility. Process optimisation techniques including nozzle selection are discussed. Comparisons are drawn with other preparation techniques such as hot melt extrusion, freeze drying, milling, electro spinning and film casting. Novel analytical and dissolution techniques for the characterization of amorphous solid dispersions are included. Progress in understanding of amorphous supersaturation or recrystallisation from solution gathered from mechanistic studies is discussed. Aspects of powder flow and compression are considered in a section on downstream processing. Overall, spray drying has a bright future due to its versatility, efficiency and the driving force of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Davis
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Gavin Walker
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Zhao S, Yu F, Liu N, Di Z, Yan K, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Yang Y, Yang Z, Li Z, Mei X. Synchronous delivery of felodipine and metoprolol tartrate using monolithic osmotic pump technology. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 42:1723-31. [PMID: 27074758 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2016.1171332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The synchronous sustained-release of two drugs was desired urgently for patients needing combination therapy in long term. However, sophisticated technologies were used generally to realize the simultaneous delivery of two drugs especially those with different physico-chemical properties. The purpose of this study was to obtain the concurrent release of felodipine and metoprolol tartrate, two drugs with completely different solubilities, in a simple monolithic osmotic pump system (FMOP). Two types of blocking agents were used in monolithic osmotic pump tablets and the synchronous sustained-release of FMOP was acquired in vitro. The tablets were also administered to beagle dogs and the plasma levels of FMOP were determined by HPLC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental model. Cmax of both felodipine and metoprolol from the osmotic pump tablets were lower, tmax and mean residence time of both felodipine and metoprolol from the osmotic pump tablets were longer significantly than those from immediate release tablets. These results verified prolonged release of felodipine and metoprolol tartrate from osmotic pump formulations. The similar absorption rate between felodipine and metoprolol in beagles was also obtained by this osmotic pump formulation. Therefore, it could be supposed that the accordant release of two drugs with completely different solubilities may be realized just by using monolithic osmotic pump technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Zhao
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Fanglin Yu
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Liu
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Di
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yan
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenbo Yang
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Li
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xingguo Mei
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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Banerjee S, Shankar KR, Prasad Y R. Formulation development and systematic optimization of stabilized ziprasidone hydrochloride capsules devoid of any food effect. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:775-786. [PMID: 26135230 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1055764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to develop a stable capsule formulation of ziprasidone hydrochloride which can be administered without regards to food intake. MATERIALS AND METHODS The unstable anhydrous form of ziprasidone hydrochloride was stabilized employing hot-melt extrusion and further optimized by 32 central composite design. The formulation was optimized after establishing acceptable ranges for response variables like disintegration time, dissolution and impurity profile. A crossover fasted and fed in vivo study was conducted in human volunteers to assess the food-effect of optimized formulation vis-à-vis the marketed brand. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The optimized formulation met in-house specifications for various response variables. Further, high values of correlation coefficient vouch the adequate selection of experimental design and its high prognostic ability. In our study, no significant difference was observed between the Cmax and AUC values after administration of the optimized formulation in fasted and fed states. On the contrary, there was a statistically significant increase in the Cmax and AUC values after oral administration of Zeldox in fed state in comparison to fasted state. CONCLUSIONS The present study describes the successful development of a stable formulation of 20 mg of ziprasidone devoid of any food-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Banerjee
- a CPS Formulations, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd , Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , India.,b Department of Pharmacy , Jawarhalal Nehru Technological University Kakinada , Kakinada , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - K Ravi Shankar
- c Department of Pharmacology , Sri Sai Aditya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research , Surampalem , Andhra Pradesh , India , and
| | - Rajendra Prasad Y
- d University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University , Visakhapatnam , Andhra Pradesh , India
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Li Z, Yu F, Di Z, Zhao X, Zhao S, Liu Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Gong W, Zhang H, Yang Y, Xie X, Mei X. Development and uniform evaluation of ropinirole osmotic pump tablets with REQUIP XL both in vitro and in beagle dogs. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:12-18. [PMID: 25830369 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
REQUIP XL, prolonged release formulation of ropinirole hydrochloride (RH) in market, could release ropinirole constantly and showed satisfactory therapeutic effect and good compliance. REQUIP XL was composed of more than 10 kinds of excipients and prepared by Geomatrix technology, which was complex and laborious. The purpose of this study was to obtain a dosage form of RH with similar in vitro release profile and bioequivalence in vivo compared to REQUIP XL. Osmotic pump tablet combined with fast release phase was selected as the delivery system of RH and similar release curves were obtained in different media. The tablets were also administered to beagle dogs and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental model. Cmax, tmax, mean residence time (MRT), and area under the curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0-24) were 3.97 ± 0.53 ng/mL, 3.58 ± 0.49 h, 8.29 ± 0.93 h, and 35.20 ± 8.11 ng/mL ċ h for ropinirole osmotic pump tablets (ROPT) and 4.15 ± 1.07 ng/mL, 2.92 ± 0.49 h, 7.84 ± 1.09 h, and 34.34 ± 10.06 ng/mL ċ h for REQUIP XL. The log-transformed mean Cmax and AUC0-24 of ROPT were about 92.15% and 102.49% relative to that of REQUIP XL, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals of Cmax and AUC0-24 for ROPT were 75.69-115.31% and 88.89-122.30%, respectively. So it could be concluded that ROPT was uniform with REQUIP XL both in vitro and in beagles and the release profiles of Geomatrix technology may be obtained by osmotic pump combined with fast release technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Li
- a Pharmaceutical Research Department , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Fanglin Yu
- a Pharmaceutical Research Department , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Zhong Di
- a Pharmaceutical Research Department , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Xiqing Zhao
- a Pharmaceutical Research Department , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Shiqing Zhao
- a Pharmaceutical Research Department , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Yan Liu
- a Pharmaceutical Research Department , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Ying Li
- a Pharmaceutical Research Department , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- a Pharmaceutical Research Department , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Gong
- a Pharmaceutical Research Department , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Hui Zhang
- a Pharmaceutical Research Department , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Yang Yang
- a Pharmaceutical Research Department , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Xiangyang Xie
- a Pharmaceutical Research Department , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Xingguo Mei
- a Pharmaceutical Research Department , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
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