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Tiwari J, Sur S, Naseem A, Rani S, Malik S. Photoperiodic modulation of melatonin receptor and immune genes in migratory redheaded bunting. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 279:111381. [PMID: 36724811 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulation of innate immune function across annual life history states (LHS) remains obscure in avian migrants. We, therefore, investigated this in a migratory passerine songbird, redheaded bunting (Emberiza bruniceps), which exhibits long-distance vernal migration from India to Central Asia. We exposed the birds (N = 10) to differential photoperiodic conditions to induce a non-migratory (NM), pre-migratory (PM), migratory (MIG), and refractory (REF) state, and performed gene expression assays of melatonin receptors (MEL1A and MEL1B), and innate immunity-linked genes (IL1B, IL6, TLR4, and NFKB) in spleen and blood. We found a significant reduction in splenic mass and volume, and a parallel increase in fat accumulation, and testicular growth in birds under migratory state. The gene expression assay revealed an upregulation of MEL1A and MEL1B mRNA levels in both the tissues in MIG. Additionally, we found a nocturnal increase of splenic IL1B expression, and IL1B, IL6, and TLR4 expression in the blood. The mRNA expression of melatonin receptors and proinflammatory cytokine showed a positive correlation. These results suggest that melatonin relays the photoperiodic signal to peripheral immune organs, which shows LHS-dependent changes in mRNA expression of immune genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Tiwari
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India. https://twitter.com/JyotiTiwari2711
| | - Sayantan Sur
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India. https://twitter.com/sayantansur008
| | - Asma Naseem
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Sangeeta Rani
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Shalie Malik
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India.
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Minocha T, Das M, Rai V, Verma SS, Awasthee N, Gupta SC, Haldar C, Yadav SK. Melatonin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cervical cancer cells via inhibition of NF-κB pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1411-1429. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kharwar RK, Singh V, Haldar C. Expression of Melatonin and Glucocorticoid
Receptor Varies along with Lung-Associated Cell-Mediated Immunity
in the Jungle Bush Quail Perdicula asiatica:
a Trade-off between Melatonin and Dexamethasone. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093020040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bai J, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Li N, Wang B, Yang L. Expression of melatonin receptors and CD4 in the ovine thymus, lymph node, spleen and liver during early pregnancy. Immunology 2020; 160:52-63. [PMID: 32052861 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As a pineal gland hormone, melatonin acts through its receptors to modulate the immune system. The immune system is composed of primary and secondary organs, and immune organs are adapted to the presence of the fetal alloantigen during pregnancy. However, it is unclear whether melatonin affects maternal immune organs during early pregnancy in sheep. In this study, the ovine thymus, lymph node, spleen and liver were sampled at day 16 of the oestrous cycle, and at days 13, 16 and 25 of pregnancy. The expression of melatonin receptor 1A (MT1), melatonin receptor 1B (MT2) and cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry experiments. Our results showed that during early pregnancy there was an upregulation of MT1 mRNA and protein in the thymus, lymph node and liver, and there was a downregulation in the spleen. The expression of MT2 mRNA and protein was increased in the thymus but decreased in the spleen and liver, and there was no significant change in the lymph node during early pregnancy. CD4 protein was upregulated in the thymus, lymph node and liver, but there were no significant changes in the spleen during early pregnancy. In conclusion, early pregnancy induces tissue-specific expression of MT1, MT2 and CD4, which may be due to the different functions of the thymus, lymph node, spleen and liver. Further, melatonin is involved in immune regulation of the maternal thymus, lymph node, spleen and liver during early pregnancy in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Bai
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Leying Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Zimo Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
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Basheer M, Rai S, Ghosh H, Ahmad Hajam Y. Therapeutic Efficacy of Melatonin Against Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Induced by Letrozole in Wistar Rat. Pak J Biol Sci 2019; 21:340-347. [PMID: 30417994 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2018.340.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common heterogeneous endocrinological and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age which leads to infertility/subfertility. The present study was commenced to elucidate the therapeutic efficacy of melatonin in the pathogenesis of letrozole induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Wistar rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Letrozole was administered orally (1 mg kg-1) to induce PCOS condition in Wistar female rats for a period of 2-3 weeks followed by a dose of melatonin (200 µg/100 g b.wt.) to PCOS induced rats. On the completion of experimental period the level of cytokines and expression level of different receptors was assessed. RESULTS The PCOs rats showed down regulation in melatonin (MT1 and MT2), estrogen (ER-α) and cytokine (IL-2R and IL-6R) receptors expression and high circulatory level of IL-6 and TNF-α during PCO condition. These anomalies in expression pattern and circulatory level of cytokines were restored following the treatment. CONCLUSION Finding of present study showed the role of melatonin supplementation at receptor level and also suggesting a crosstalk between MT1R / MT2R via cytokine IL-2R and IL-6R resulting in modulation of ER-α receptors.
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Pal Chowdhury J, Haldar C. Photoperiodic regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis in a tropical rodent, Funambulus pennanti: role of melatonin and MT1. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1525134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayita Pal Chowdhury
- Pineal Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Chandana Haldar
- Pineal Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Talpur HS, Chandio IB, Brohi RD, Worku T, Rehman Z, Bhattarai D, Ullah F, JiaJia L, Yang L. Research progress on the role of melatonin and its receptors in animal reproduction: A comprehensive review. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:831-849. [PMID: 29663591 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin and its receptors play a crucial role in the regulation of the animal reproductive process, primarily in follicular development. However, the role that melatonin performs in regulating hormones related with reproduction remains unclear. Melatonin and its receptors are present both in female and male animals' organs, such as ovaries, heart, brain and liver. Melatonin regulates ovarian actions and is a key mediator of reproductive actions. Melatonin has numerous effects on animal reproduction, such as protection of gametes and embryos, response to clock genes, immune-neuroendocrine, reconciliation of seasonal variations in immune function, and silence or blockage of genes. The growth ratio of reproductive illnesses in animals has raised a remarkable concern for the government, animal caretakers and farm managers. In order to resolve this challenging issue, it is very necessary to conduct state-of-the-art research on melatonin and its receptors because melatonin has considerable physiognomies. This review article presents a current contemporary research conducted by numerous researchers from the entire world on the role of melatonin and its receptors in animal reproduction, from the year 1985 to the year 2017. Furthermore, this review shows scientific research challenges related to melatonin receptors and their explanations based on the findings of 172 numerous research articles, and also represents significant proficiencies of melatonin in order to show enthusiastic study direction for animal reproduction researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Talpur
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - I B Chandio
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - R D Brohi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - T Worku
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z Rehman
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - D Bhattarai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - F Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - L JiaJia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - L Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Meng X, Li Y, Li S, Zhou Y, Gan RY, Xu DP, Li HB. Dietary Sources and Bioactivities of Melatonin. Nutrients 2017; 9:E367. [PMID: 28387721 PMCID: PMC5409706 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is a serious worldwide health threat, affecting nearly one third of the general population. Melatonin has been reported to improve sleep efficiency and it was found that eating melatonin-rich foods could assist sleep. During the last decades, melatonin has been widely identified and qualified in various foods from fungi to animals and plants. Eggs and fish are higher melatonin-containing food groups in animal foods, whereas in plant foods, nuts are with the highest content of melatonin. Some kinds of mushrooms, cereals and germinated legumes or seeds are also good dietary sources of melatonin. It has been proved that the melatonin concentration in human serum could significantly increase after the consumption of melatonin containing food. Furthermore, studies show that melatonin exhibits many bioactivities, such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory characteristics, boosting immunity, anticancer activity, cardiovascular protection, anti-diabetic, anti-obese, neuroprotective and anti-aging activity. This review summaries the dietary sources and bioactivities of melatonin, with special attention paid to the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Dong-Ping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Gupta S, Haldar C. Short day length enhances physiological resilience of the immune system against 2-deoxy-d-glucose-induced metabolic stress in a tropical seasonal breeder Funambulus pennanti. Horm Behav 2017; 89:157-166. [PMID: 28131595 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies demonstrate the importance of metabolic resources in the regulation of reproduction and immune functions in seasonal breeders. In this regard, the restricted energy availability can be considered as an environmental variable that may act as a seasonal stressor and can lead to compromised immune functions. The present study explored the effect of photoperiodic variation in the regulation of immune function under metabolic stress condition. The T-cell-dependent immune response in a tropical seasonal breeder Funambulus pennanti was studied following the inhibition of cellular glucose utilization with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG). 2-DG treatment resulted in the suppression of general (e.g., proliferative response of lymphocytes) and antigen-specific [anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin IgG titer and delayed-type hypersensitivity response] T-cell responses with an activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which was evident from the increased levels of plasma corticosterone. 2-DG administration increased the production of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] and decreased the autocrine T-cell growth factor IL-2. The immunocompromising effect of 2-DG administration was retarded in animals exposed to short photoperiods compared with the control and long photoperiod-exposed groups. This finding suggested that short photoperiodic conditions enhanced the resilience of the immune system, possibly by diverting metabolic resources from the reproductive organs toward the immune system. In addition, melatonin may have facilitated the energy "trade-off" between reproductive and immune mechanisms, thereby providing an advantage to the seasonal breeders for their survival during stressful environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Gupta
- Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Chandana Haldar
- Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Singh SS, Deb A, Sutradhar S. Dexamethasone modulates melatonin MT2 receptor expression in splenic tissue and humoral immune response in mice. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1268330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Shankar Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, India
| | - Anindita Deb
- Molecular Endocrinology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, India
| | - Sangita Sutradhar
- Molecular Endocrinology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, India
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Gupta S, Haldar C. Photoperiodic modulation of local melatonin synthesis and its role in regulation of thymic homeostasis in Funambulus pennanti. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 239:40-49. [PMID: 26699203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of photo-neuroendocrine system on the thymic (immune) functions is mediated by gonadal steroid and the pineal hormone melatonin. The present study explored the effect of photoperiod on the thymic melatonergic system and its role in protection of thymic T-cells from the testosterone induced seasonal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Exposure to long day-length (LD) was noted to decrease local (thymic) melatonin content and induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in the thymus. Increased peripheral level of testosterone upregulated the androgen receptor expression and, consequently reduced proliferation response of the thymocytes. Short day conditions (SD) however, reversed the effect of LD on the thymic physiology. Low level of testosterone was concomitant with diminished nitro-oxidative stress and decreased expression of redox sensitive factors (NF-κB, p53 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio) in the thymus. SD retarded activation of caspase-3 resulting in procaspase-3 accumulation. Further, in vitro treatment of thymocytes with AR antagonist flutamide impaired the sensitivity of thymocytes to androgen and reversed the deleterious effects of testosterone on the proliferative and apoptotic responses of thymocytes. Therefore, it can be suggested that thymus derived melatonin protects thymic T-cells from testosterone induced seasonal oxidative stress, apoptosis and also acts as a potent paracrine factor for maintenance of redox status to ensure thymocyte survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Gupta
- Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
| | - Chandana Haldar
- Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Singh SS, Laskar P, Acharjee S. Age- and sex-dependent effect of exogenous melatonin on expression pattern of melatonin receptor (MT1 and MT2) proteins in spleen of mice. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Photoperiodic regulation of nuclear melatonin receptor RORα in lymphoid organs of a tropical rodent Funambulus pennanti: Role in seasonal oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 142:141-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nycthemeral variation in melatonin receptor expression in the lymphoid organs of a tropical seasonal breeder Funambulus pennanti. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2014; 200:1045-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-014-0959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mukherjee A, Haldar C. Photoperiodic regulation of melatonin membrane receptor (MT1R) expression and steroidogenesis in testis of adult golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 140:374-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Age dependent nitro-oxidative load and melatonin receptor expression in the spleen and immunity of goat Capra hircus. Exp Gerontol 2014; 60:72-8. [PMID: 25281807 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The decline in the plasma level of melatonin has been associated with increased oxidative stress in the physiological system while aging. The increased levels of oxidants are known to augment the nitro-oxidative stress, which induces the apoptotic factors in lymphoid organs leading to age dependent immunosenescence. There are no reports to date that can suggest how the age dependent nitro-oxidative stress can influence the melatonin membrane MT1/MT2R expression and immune status of any small ruminant. In the present study, we noted the expression of melatonin receptors MT1R and MT2R and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) along with the apoptotic markers (viz. Bcl-2, Bax and Pro-caspase-3) in the spleen of young, middle-aged and old-aged Indian goat Capra hircus. The lymphocyte proliferation was also recorded along with the total nitrite and nitrate ion concentration (NOx) in the spleen and plasma. An age dependent decline in MT1R and MT2R expressions and lymphocyte proliferation with increased level of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and iNOS expression was noted. An increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and a decreased Pro-caspase-3 expression were observed in the spleen of goat with an age dependent decline in the peripheral melatonin level. This decline in melatonin along with reduced melatonin receptor (MT1/MT2) expression and elevated RNS level in the spleen with aging might have an important role in the regulation of immune function of goats. Our observations suggest that the age-associated immunosenescence observed in goats can be a consequence of declining melatonin and its receptor expression and induction of apoptotic factors influenced by the increased RNS level that deteriorates the proper functioning of the spleen.
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Ghosh S, Singh AK, Haldar C. Seasonal modulation of immunity by melatonin and gonadal steroids in a short day breeder goat Capra hircus. Theriogenology 2014; 82:1121-30. [PMID: 25175759 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Role of melatonin in regulation of immunity and reproduction has never been studied in detail in goats. The aim of the present study was to explore hormonal regulation of immunity in goats with special reference to melatonin. Plasma of male and female goats (n = 18 per sex per season) was processed for hormonal (estrogen, testostrone, and melatonin) and cytokine (interleukin [IL-2], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α) measurements during three seasons, i.e., summer, monsoon, and winter. To assess cell-mediated immune response, percent stimulation ratio of thymocytes was recorded during three seasons. To support and establish the modulation by hormones, Western blot analysis for expressions of melatonin receptors (MT1, MT2), androgen receptor, and estrogen receptor α and estimations of marker enzymes, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase for melatonin and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities for steroidogenesis were performed in thymus. All the hormones and cytokines were estimated by commercial kits. Biochemical, immunologic, and Western blot analyses were done by standardized protocols. We noted a significant increase in estrogen and testosterone levels (P < 0.05) in circulation during monsoon along with melatonin (P < 0.05) presenting a parallel relationship. Expressions of melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) in thymus of both the sexes were significantly high (P < 0.01) during winter. Estrogen receptor α expression in female thymus was significantly high during monsoon (P < 0.05). However, androgen receptor showed almost static expression pattern in male thymus during three seasons. Further, both arylalkylamineN-acetyltransferase and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme activities were significantly high (P < 0.05; P < 0.01, respectively) during monsoon. These results suggest that there may be a functional parallelism between gonadal steroids and melatonin as melatonin is progonadotrophic in goats. Cell-mediated immune parameters (percent stimulation ratio of thymocytes) and circulatory levels of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α) were significantly high (P < 0.01) during monsoon. In vitro supplementation of gonadal steroids to T-cell culture suppressed immunity but cosupplementation with melatonin restored it. Further, we may also suggest that reproductive and immune seasonality are maintained by variations in circulatory hormones and local synthesis of melatonin and gonadal steroids. These functional interactions between melatonin and gonadal steroid might be of great importance in regulating the goat immunity by developing some hormonal microcircuit (gonadal steroid and melatonin) in lymphatic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somenath Ghosh
- Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amaresh K Singh
- Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandana Haldar
- Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Experimentally induced stress, oxidative load and changes in immunity in a tropical wild bird, Perdicula asiatica: involvement of melatonin and glucocorticoid receptors. ZOOLOGY 2014; 117:261-8. [PMID: 25037646 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the year, birds encounter various environmental challenges such as extreme temperatures, rainfall and shortage of food. Here we report on the effect of stress on the general immunity of wild birds as measured by several assays including melatonin, an anti-stress hormone. We selected Perdicula asiatica, a wild tropical bird, and exposed them to experimental stressors such as water deprivation, food deprivation and immobilization, i.e., stressors that they would encounter in a natural environment. We measured the oxidative load in the spleen in terms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels. The immune status was judged by total leukocyte count (TLC), heterophil/lymphocyte ratios (H/L) and percent stimulation ratio of splenocytes (%SR). The peripheral levels of melatonin and corticosterone were also determined and correlated with the expression of melatonin (Mel(1a)/Mel(1b)) and glucocorticoid receptors. Our results showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in splenic SOD and catalase activity, while a significant (p < 0.05) increase in TBARS and a corticosterone level was observed. Stressful conditions also decreased the immune status as reflected by the low values of H/L ratios, TLC and %SR. In contrast, melatonin pretreatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the oxidative stress and improved the immune parameters when compared to untreated control birds. This suggests that melatonin prevents/alleviates oxidative damage and suppresses the immune status induced by stressful conditions via its membrane receptor expression (Mel(1a) and Mel(1b)) in P. asiatica.
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Vishwas DK, Haldar C. Photoperiodic induced melatonin regulates immunity and expression pattern of melatonin receptor MT1 in spleen and bone marrow mononuclear cells of male golden hamster. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 128:107-14. [PMID: 24090924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pineal gland transduces day length information into chemical signal of melatonin that ultimately translates photic stimulus into season-specific immune responses to promote survival of individual from incidence of opportunistic diseases. To date, the immune adjustments being a result of photoperiodic exposures for any nocturnal seasonally breeding rodent have not been systematically examined. Therefore, we evaluated the humoral and cell mediated immune responses of photoperiodically entrained male golden hamsters. Short day induced melatonin increased the immune parameters such as spleen mass, total leukocyte (TLC) and lymphocyte count (LC), proliferation of splenocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) along with serum IL-2 and anti-Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) IgG production when compared with long day experienced hamsters. Short term melatonin treatment (for two weeks) to long day hamsters enhanced to some extent the proliferation of splenocytes, PBMC and TLC/LC. We also localized the melatonin membrane receptor MT1 in spleen and BMMNCs that strongly supported our western blot analysis for the expression of MT1 in spleen suggesting that different photoperiodically induced circulatory melatonin is responsible for the immunomodulation. Therefore, photoperiod can influence the peripheral melatonin level to improve immune responses of hamsters according to season for better survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanshu Kumar Vishwas
- Pineal Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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Gupta S, Haldar C, Singh S. Daily variations in plasma melatonin and melatonin receptor (MT1), PER1 and CRY1 expression in suprachiasmatic nuclei of tropical squirrel, Funambulus pennanti. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2013; 199:763-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-013-0836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Melatonin: buffering the immune system. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8638-83. [PMID: 23609496 PMCID: PMC3645767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14048638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin modulates a wide range of physiological functions with pleiotropic effects on the immune system. Despite the large number of reports implicating melatonin as an immunomodulatory compound, it still remains unclear how melatonin regulates immunity. While some authors argue that melatonin is an immunostimulant, many studies have also described anti-inflammatory properties. The data reviewed in this paper support the idea of melatonin as an immune buffer, acting as a stimulant under basal or immunosuppressive conditions or as an anti-inflammatory compound in the presence of exacerbated immune responses, such as acute inflammation. The clinical relevance of the multiple functions of melatonin under different immune conditions, such as infection, autoimmunity, vaccination and immunosenescence, is also reviewed.
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Gupta S, Haldar C. Physiological crosstalk between melatonin and glucocorticoid receptor modulates T-cell mediated immune responses in a wild tropical rodent, Funambulus pennanti. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 134:23-36. [PMID: 23059469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunoenhancing attributes of melatonin (Mel) on the immunocompromised state induced by glucocorticoid is well known, but the involvement of their receptors in the modulation of immunity has never been studied in any rodent. The present study explores the role of Mel and its receptors (MT1 and MT2) in amelioration of immunocompromised state induced by a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (Dex) in a tropical rodent Funambulus pennanti. Immune parameters viz. DTH response, Lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine (IL-2) and antibody production were assessed following pretreatment of Mel and Dex alone or in combination. Mel enhanced the IL-2 production, thymic and splenic lymphocyte proliferation thereby increasing T helper cell associated immune responses and anti-KLH-IgG production. MT1 and MT2 receptor expression was downregulated following Dex treatment while glucocorticoid receptors (GR) expression was downregulated in Mel treated groups suggesting that the immunomodulatory effects of glucocorticoids and Mel are mediated via their receptors. To gain further insights on the role of Mel receptors, we used nonselective melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole which resulted in reversal of most of the immunomodulatory actions of Mel. Therefore, it may be suggested that a physiological cross talk exist between Mel and GR which is of high adaptive significance in wild animals for balancing the immunity during ecologically stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Gupta
- Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Kaushalendra, Haldar C. Correlation between peripheral melatonin and general immune status of domestic goat, Capra hircus: A seasonal and sex dependent variation. Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Moniruzzaman M, Maitra SK. Influence of Altered Photoperiods on Serum Melatonin and Its Receptors (MT1 and MT2) in the Brain, Retina, and Ovary in CarpCatla catla. Chronobiol Int 2012; 29:175-88. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2011.645753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ahmad R, Gupta S, Haldar C. Age dependent expression of melatonin membrane receptor (MT1, MT2) and its role in regulation of nitrosative stress in tropical rodent Funambulus pennanti. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:194-203. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.647690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raise Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India
| | - Sameer Gupta
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India
| | - Chandana Haldar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India
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Ahmad R, Haldar C, Gupta S. Melatonin membrane receptor type MT1 modulates cell-mediated immunity in the seasonally breeding tropical rodent Funambulus pennanti. Neuroimmunomodulation 2012; 19:50-9. [PMID: 22067622 DOI: 10.1159/000327293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the evidence for melatonin membrane receptors (MT1R and MT2R) on lymphoid tissues in a wide range of seasonal breeders, their specific potency has never been compared and correlated with cell-mediated immunity. METHODS We used luzindole, a nonselective MT2R antagonist, and 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin (4P-PDOT), a selective MT2R antagonist, to assess the potency of the melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 in melatonin-induced immunity under both in vivo as well as in vitro conditions. RESULTS Physiological doses (25 μg/100 g body weight in vivo and 100 and 500 pg/ml in vitro) of melatonin upregulated both MT1R and MT2R expression as well as splenocyte proliferation, while higher doses (100 and 500 μg/100 g body weight in vivo and 1 ng/ml in vitro) downregulated splenocyte proliferation and the expression of both receptors. Luzindole antagonized the expression of both MT1R and MT2R in a dose-dependent manner under in vivo as well as in vitro conditions, while 4P-PDOT blocked the expression of MT2R only during both experimental conditions. Splenocyte proliferation and IL-2 secretion (in vitro) followed the MT1R expression pattern, while the MT2R expression pattern showed no definite relation with either splenocyte proliferation or IL-2 secretion under in vivo and in vitro conditions. CONCLUSION Immune function in tropical rodents is directly regulated by melatonin via its high-affinity membrane receptor MT1. MT1R plays a directive role in mediating splenocyte proliferation and IL-2 release, while the MT2R subtype appears not to be required for the immunoenhancing role of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raise Ahmad
- Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Portaluppi F. The Medical Subject Headings® thesaurus remains inaccurate and incomplete for electronic indexing and retrieval of chronobiologic references. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2011.613619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Ahmad R, Haldar C. Melatonin and Androgen Receptor Expression Interplay Modulates Cell-Mediated Immunity in Tropical Rodent Funambulus pennanti: An In-Vivo and In-Vitro Study. Scand J Immunol 2010; 71:420-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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