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Ortiz AM, Klatt NR, Li B, Yi Y, Tabb B, Hao XP, Sternberg L, Lawson B, Carnathan PM, Cramer EM, Engram JC, Little DM, Ryzhova E, Gonzalez-Scarano F, Paiardini M, Ansari AA, Ratcliffe S, Else JG, Brenchley JM, Collman RG, Estes JD, Derdeyn CA, Silvestri G. Depletion of CD4⁺ T cells abrogates post-peak decline of viremia in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:4433-45. [PMID: 22005304 PMCID: PMC3204830 DOI: 10.1172/jci46023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play a central role in the immunopathogenesis of HIV/AIDS, and their depletion during chronic HIV infection is a hallmark of disease progression. However, the relative contribution of CD4+ T cells as mediators of antiviral immune responses and targets for virus replication is still unclear. Here, we have generated data in SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) that suggest that CD4+ T cells are essential in establishing control of virus replication during acute infection. To directly assess the role of CD4+ T cells during primary SIV infection, we in vivo depleted these cells from RMs prior to infecting the primates with a pathogenic strain of SIV. Compared with undepleted animals, CD4+ lymphocyte-depleted RMs showed a similar peak of viremia, but did not manifest any post-peak decline of virus replication despite CD8+ T cell- and B cell-mediated SIV-specific immune responses comparable to those observed in control animals. Interestingly, depleted animals displayed rapid disease progression, which was associated with increased virus replication in non-T cells as well as the emergence of CD4-independent SIV-envelopes. Our results suggest that the antiviral CD4+ T cell response may play an important role in limiting SIV replication, which has implications for the design of HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Ortiz
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nichole R. Klatt
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yanjie Yi
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Tabb
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xing Pei Hao
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lawrence Sternberg
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benton Lawson
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul M. Carnathan
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Cramer
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica C. Engram
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dawn M. Little
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elena Ryzhova
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francisco Gonzalez-Scarano
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aftab A. Ansari
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah Ratcliffe
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James G. Else
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald G. Collman
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacob D. Estes
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cynthia A. Derdeyn
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Microbiology and
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Department of Neurology and
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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