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Pacheco LF, de Castro CH, Dutra JBR, de Souza Lino Junior R, Ferreira PM, Dos Santos RAS, Ulhoa CJ. Oral Treatment with Angiotensin-(1-7) Attenuates the Kidney Injury Induced by Gentamicin in Wistar Rats. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:1425-1433. [PMID: 34792000 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528666211118091810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), a common disease of the urinary system, can be induced by high doses of gentamicin (GM). The Renin-Angiotensin System exerts a key role in the progression of the AKI since elevated intrarenal levels of Ang II, and ACE activity is found in this condition. However, it is unknown whether oral administration of Ang-(1-7), a heptapeptide that evokes opposite effects of Ang II, may attenuate the renal injuries induced by gentamicin. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of Ang (1-7) on GM-induced renal dysfunction in rats. METHODS AKI was induced by subcutaneous administration of GM (80 mg/Kg) for 5 days. Simultaneously, Ang-(1-7) included in hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) was administered by gavage [46 μg/kg HPβCD + 30 μg/kg Ang- (1-7)]. At the end of the treatment period (sixth day), the rats were housed in metabolic cages for renal function evaluation. Thereafter, blood and kidney samples were collected. RESULTS The Ang-(1-7) attenuated the increase of the plasmatic creatinine and proteinuria caused by GM but did not change the glomerular filtration rate nor tubular necrosis. Ang-(1-7) attenuated the increased urinary flow and the fractional excretion of H2O and potassium observed in GM rats but intensified the elevated excretion of sodium in these animals. Morphological analysis showed that Ang-(1-7) also reduced the tubular vacuolization in kidneys from GM rats. CONCLUSION Ang-(1-7) promotes selective beneficial effects in renal injuries induced by GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lílian Fernanda Pacheco
- Superior School of Physical Education and Physiotherapy of the State of Goiás, State University of Goiás (UEG), Goiânia-Goiás. Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique de Castro
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia-GO. Brazil
| | - João Batista Rodrigues Dutra
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia-GO. Brazil
| | - Ruy de Souza Lino Junior
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia. Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Ferreira
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia-GO. Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences. Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Brazil
| | - Cirano José Ulhoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás. Brazil
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ACE2 activator diminazene aceturate exerts renoprotective effects in gentamicin-induced acute renal injury in rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:3093-3106. [PMID: 33206153 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) comprises a rapidly developed renal failure and is associated with high mortality rates. The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) plays a pivotal role in AKI, as the over-active RAS axis exerts major deleterious effects in disease progression. In this sense, the conversion of Angiotensin II (Ang II) into Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) by the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is of utmost importance to prevent worse clinical outcomes. Previous studies reported the beneficial effects of oral diminazene aceturate (DIZE) administration, an ACE2 activator, in renal diseases models. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of DIZE administration in experimental AKI induced by gentamicin (GM) in rats. Our findings showed that treatment with DIZE improved renal function and tissue damage by increasing Ang-(1-7) and ACE2 activity, and reducing TNF-α. These results corroborate with a raising potential of ACE2 activation as a strategy for treating AKI.
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Alaraj M. Royal Jelly and Aliskiren mutually annul their protective effects against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Vet World 2021; 13:2658-2662. [PMID: 33487984 PMCID: PMC7811531 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2658-2662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Gentamicin (GM) is one of the most effective antibiotics for severe, life-threatening Gram-negative infections. Nevertheless, its clinical use has been restrained because of its nephrotoxic potential. Royal jelly (RJ) and aliskiren (ALK) can individually prevent such toxic effects. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of a combination treatment of RJ and ALK on GM-mediated nephrotoxicity. Materials and Methods Thirty-two adult female. Wistar rats were divided equally into four groups: (I) Receiving normal saline; (II) GM (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.] injection); GM (100 mg/kg, i.p. injection) plus ALK (50 mg/kg, i.p. injection); and (IV) GM (100 mg/kg, i.p. injection) plus ALK (50 mg/kg, i.p. injection) in combination with RJ (150 mg/kg, orally). All treatments were administered daily for 10 days. The blood levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, albumin, and total protein were measured. Then, the animals were sacrificed, and the kidneys were taken for histopathology. Results Compared to normal control rats, GM-injected rats showed significantly (p<0.001) higher serum concentrations of uric acid, urea, and creatinine as well as evidently (p<0.001) lower blood levels of albumin and total protein. Moreover, GM administration was associated with significant renal histopathological changes. All these alterations were considerably (p<0.05) improved in GM-injected rats receiving ALK compared to rats receiving GM alone. However, when RJ was given in combination with ALK to GM-injected rats, it lessened the beneficial nephroprotective effects of both agents. Conclusion The combination treatment of RJ and ALK is not desirable for GM-induced nephrotoxicity. Further studies are crucial to accurately explore the precise mechanism of RJ antagonistic interaction with ALK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Alaraj
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
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Malakasioti G, Alders N, Lucchini G, Cheng IL, Bockenhauer D. Acute kidney injury in an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency: Answers. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:2541-2544. [PMID: 31313001 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-019-04303-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Malakasioti
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Renal Unit, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Thivon and Levadeias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nele Alders
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Giovanna Lucchini
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Iek L Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Quirós Y, Blanco-Gozalo V, Sanchez-Gallego JI, López-Hernandez FJ, Ruiz J, Perez de Obanos MP, López-Novoa JM. Cardiotrophin-1 therapy prevents gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:137-146. [PMID: 26996880 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are very effective antibiotics for the treatment of severe infections, but they rank among the most frequent causes of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Thus, prevention of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity is an unmet therapeutic objective. Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, has been reported to protect the kidney against toxic and ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI). We have assessed the effect of rat CT-1 in the severity of gentamicin (G)-induced AKI. Groups of male Wistar rats received the following for 6 consecutive days: i) isotonic saline solution (group CONT), ii) G, 150mg/kg/day, i.p. (group G), iii) CT-1, 100μg/kg/day i.v. (group CT-1), or iv) G and CT-1 at the doses described above. The G group showed a manifest AKI characterized by low creatinine clearance, high plasma creatinine and urea levels, increased urinary excretion of proteins, glucose and AKI markers such as N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney-injury molecule-1 and T-gelsolin, increased kidney levels of CD-68, iNOS, IL-1β and TNF-α, and markedly higher histological renal damage and leukocyte infiltration than the CONT and CT-1 groups. Administration of CT-1 together with G reduced almost all of the above-described manifestations of G-induced AKI. The results of this study have potential clinical application, as CT-1 is near to being used as a drug for organ protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francisco J López-Hernandez
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IESCYL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | - José M López-Novoa
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
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Antioxidant preserving effects of l-arginine at reducing the hemodynamic toxicity of gentamicin-induced rat nephrotoxicity: pathological and biochemical findings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-011-1359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Urinary levels of regenerating islet-derived protein III β and gelsolin differentiate gentamicin from cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Kidney Int 2010; 79:518-28. [PMID: 20980976 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A key aspect for the clinical handling of acute kidney injury is an early diagnosis, for which a new generation of urine biomarkers is currently under development including kidney injury molecule 1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. A further diagnostic refinement is needed where one specific cause among several potentially nephrotoxic insults can be identified during the administration of multidrug therapies. In this study we identified increases in regenerating islet-derived protein III beta (reg IIIb) and gelsolin as potential differential urinary markers of gentamicin's nephrotoxicity. Indeed, urinary levels of both reg IIIb and gelsolin distinguish between the nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin from that caused by cisplatin where these markers were not increased by the latter. Reg IIIb was found to be overexpressed in the kidneys of gentamicin-treated rats and excreted into the urine, whereas urinary gelsolin originated from the blood by glomerular filtration. Our results illustrate an etiological diagnosis of acute kidney injury through analysis of urine. Thus, our results raise the possibility of identifying the actual nephrotoxin in critically ill patients who are often treated with several nephrotoxic agents at the same time, thereby providing the potential for tailoring therapy to an individual patient, which is the aim of personalized medicine.
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Lopez-Novoa JM, Quiros Y, Vicente L, Morales AI, Lopez-Hernandez FJ. New insights into the mechanism of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity: an integrative point of view. Kidney Int 2010; 79:33-45. [PMID: 20861826 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is one of the most important side effects and therapeutical limitations of aminoglycoside antibiotics, especially gentamicin. Despite rigorous patient monitoring, nephrotoxicity appears in 10-25% of therapeutic courses. Traditionally, aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity has been considered to result mainly from tubular damage. Both lethal and sub-lethal alterations in tubular cells handicap reabsorption and, in severe cases, may lead to a significant tubular obstruction. However, a reduced glomerular filtration is necessary to explain the symptoms of the disease. Reduced filtration is not solely the result of tubular obstruction and tubular malfunction, resulting in tubuloglomerular feedback activation; renal vasoconstriction and mesangial contraction are also crucial to fully explain aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. This review critically presents an integrative view on the interactions of tubular, glomerular, and vascular effects of gentamicin, in the context of the most recent information available. Moreover, it discusses therapeutic perspectives for prevention of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity derived from the pathophysiological knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Lopez-Novoa
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Quiros Y, Vicente-Vicente L, Morales AI, Lopez-Novoa JM, Lopez-Hernandez FJ. An Integrative Overview on the Mechanisms Underlying the Renal Tubular Cytotoxicity of Gentamicin. Toxicol Sci 2010; 119:245-56. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Sub-nephrotoxic doses of gentamicin predispose animals to developing acute kidney injury and to excrete ganglioside M2 activator protein. Kidney Int 2010; 78:1006-15. [PMID: 20720524 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We studied whether nephrotoxic drug administration sensitizes to acute renal failure (ARF) by administering a sub-nephrotoxic dose of gentamicin. This pre-treatment sensitized animals with no sign of renal injury to develop ARF when exposed to a second potential nephrotoxic drug, also given at sub-nephrotoxic doses that would be otherwise harmless to non-sensitized animals. We identified urinary ganglioside M2 activator protein (GM2AP) as a biomarker of an enhanced sensitivity to suffer ARF following sub-nephrotoxic treatment with gentamicin. Sub-nephrotoxic gentamicin did not alter renal GM2AP gene expression or protein levels, determined by reverse transcriptase-PCR, western blot, and immunostaining, nor was its serum level modified. The origin of increased GM2AP in the urine is thought to be a defective tubular handling of this protein as a consequence of gentamicin action. Hence, markers of acquired sensitivity may improve the prevention of ARF by enhancing our capacity to monitor for this condition, in a preemptive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Mingeot-Leclercq
- Unité de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Murakami H, Yayama K, Chao L, Chao J. Human kallikrein gene delivery protects against gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Kidney Int 1998; 53:1305-13. [PMID: 9573546 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tissue kallikrein-kinin system has been shown to play important roles in cardiovascular and renal function. The aim of this study was to investigate potential protective effects of kallikrein gene delivery in gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity. Rats were injected subcutaneously with gentamycin daily for 10 to 14 days. Adenovirus, Ad.CMV-cHK carrying the human tissue kallikrein gene or Ad.CMV-LacZ carrying the beta-galactosidase gene under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter, were delivered intravenously on the first day of gentamycin administration. The expression of human tissue kallikrein mRNA was identified in the kidney, aorta, heart and liver and immunoreactive human kallikrein levels were measured in the serum and urine of rats receiving kallikrein gene delivery. Adenovirus-mediated kallikrein gene delivery significantly increased the renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rates, and urine flow while it attenuated renal tubular damage, cellular necrosis, lumenal protein casts and reduced ventricular weight and cardiomyocyte size. Kallikrein gene delivery caused a decrease in blood urea nitrogen levels and increases in urinary kinin and nitrite/nitrate levels. This study shows that kallikrein gene delivery exhibits protection against gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity, and raises the potential for kallikrein gene therapy to treat drug-induced renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Murakami
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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Ali BH. Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in humans and animals: some recent research. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1995; 26:1477-87. [PMID: 8690234 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(95)00049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
It would appear from the literature cited in this article, that interest in gentamicin nephrotoxicity is still thriving. Despite extensive studies, the mechanism(s) of the nephrotoxicity is uncertain. Several clinical and experimental strategies have been employed in order to ameliorate or abolish the signs of gentamicin nephrotoxicity. Most of these were unsuccessful, impractical or unsafe. Therefore there is still a need for further studies to elucidate the mechanism(s) of action of the drugs nephrotoxicity, and to discover safe, practical and effective agents to ameliorate the nephrotoxicity in patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Ali
- Desert and Marine Environment Research Centre, United Arab Emirates University Al-Ain
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