1
|
Pan D, Qu Y, Shi C, Xu C, Zhang J, Du H, Chen X. Oleanolic acid and its analogues: promising therapeutics for kidney disease. Chin Med 2024; 19:74. [PMID: 38816880 PMCID: PMC11140902 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases pose a significant threat to human health due to their high prevalence and mortality rates. Worryingly, the clinical use of drugs for kidney diseases is associated with more side effects, so more effective and safer treatments are urgently needed. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a common pentacyclic triterpenoid that is widely available in nature and has been shown to have protective effects in kidney disease. However, comprehensive studies on its role in kidney diseases are still lacking. Therefore, this article first explores the botanical sources, pharmacokinetics, derivatives, and safety of OA, followed by a summary of the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-oxidative stress, autophagy-enhancing, and antifibrotic effects of OA and its analogues in renal diseases, and an analysis of the molecular mechanisms, aiming to provide further insights for the development of novel drugs for the treatment of kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Pan
- The College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yilun Qu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chunru Shi
- The College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hongjian Du
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- The College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang K, Xu X, Shan Q, Ding R, Lyu Q, Huang L, Chen X, Han X, Yang Q, Sang X, Peng M, Hao M, Cao G. Integrated gut microbiota and serum metabolomics reveal the protective effect of oleanolic acid on liver and kidney-injured rats induced by Euphorbia pekinensis. Phytother Res 2022. [PMID: 36426741 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Euphorbia pekinensis (EP) is a commonly used Chinese medicine treating edema with potential hepatorenal toxicity. However, its toxic mechanism and prevention are remained to be explored. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a triterpene acid with potential hepatorenal protective activities. We investigated the protective effect and potential mechanism of OA on EP-induced hepatorenal toxicity. In this study, rats were given total diterpenes from EP (TDEP, 16 mg/kg) combined with OA (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) by gavage for 4 weeks. The results showed that TDEP administration could lead to a 3-4-fold increasement in hepatorenal biochemical parameters with histopathological injuries, while OA treatment could ameliorate them in a dose-dependent manner. At microbial and metabolic levels, intestinal flora and host metabolism were perturbed after TDEP administration. The disturbance of bile acid metabolism was the most significant metabolic pathway, with secondary bile acids increasing while conjugated bile acids decreased. OA treatment can improve the disorder of intestinal flora and metabolic bile acid spectrum. Further correlation analysis screened out that Escherichia-Shigella, Phascolarctobacterium, Acetatifactor, and Akkermansia were closely related to the bile acid metabolic disorder. In conclusion, oleanolic acid could prevent hepatorenal toxicity induced by EP by regulating bile acids metabolic disorder via intestinal flora improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuilong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Shan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Lyu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lichuang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Helmy H, Hamid Sadik NA, Badawy L, Sayed NH. Mechanistic insights into the protective role of eugenol against stress-induced reproductive dysfunction in female rat model. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 367:110181. [PMID: 36108715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The challenging and highly demanding life rhythm nowadays subjects people to unavoidable chronic stress. Chronic stress is associated with a wide array of serious health complications including neuroendocrine dysregulations. Women are more prone to chronic stress-related hormonal disturbances and their physical and psychological consequences, especially reproductive impairment. Eugenol is a natural phenolic anti-oxidant that has several beneficial biological activities. The current study intended to scrutinize the potential protective effect of eugenol in female Wistar rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups; group 1 received olive oil, group 2 received eugenol in olive oil, groups 3 and 4 were subjected to CUMS protocol for 8 weeks, with pre- and concomitant treatment with eugenol (50 mg/kg/day; p.o.) in group 4. The results showed that CUMS exposure led to weight loss and depressive-like behaviours. CUMS induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation with subsequent elevation of serum corticosterone level which, in turn, caused decline in ovarian release of estradiol and antimullerian hormones together with an increased production of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones by the anterior pituitary, leading to reproductive disturbances. In ovaries, CUMS imposed oxidative stress, insulin resistance and molecular damage. Intriguingly, all these adverse effects were significantly mitigated by the administration of eugenol that improved animals' behaviours, corrected corticosterone upsurge, tempered hormonal disturbances, and amended ovarian damage. All biochemical results were further confirmed by hippocampal and ovarian histopathological examinations. In conclusion, the current study highlights the prophylactic role of eugenol against reproductive disturbances induced by chronic stress in female rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hebatullah Helmy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Noha H Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pu L, Yang C, Yu L, Li S, Liu Y, Liu X, Lai X. Tibetan Medicines for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:7845848. [PMID: 34659438 PMCID: PMC8514928 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7845848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As an important part of the traditional Chinese medicine system, Tibetan medicine has its unique treatment methods for diabetes mellitus and its complications. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious diabetic microvascular diseases. Tibetan medicine believes that the occurrence of DN is closely related to renal function changes, and it can be effectively prevented and treated by improving renal lesions. In this paper, we consult ancient books of Tibetan medicine and summarize the medicines that treat kidney disease in the Tibetan medicine system. The Chinese name, English name, and Latin name of these drugs were searched as keywords in the online database. Thirty-four drugs were found for the treatment of DN. The most commonly used were Amomum kravanh, Terminalia chebula, and Tribulus terrestris, and we introduced the traditional uses and modern pharmacological activities of these drugs. The results indicate that Tibetan medicines for kidney disease could be used as potential candidate drugs for DN; they would expand the range of medications for DN and provide a new idea for the treatment of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Pu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chunhong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Liqiong Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shiling Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xinan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianrong Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barghi B, Shokoohi M, Khaki AA, Khaki A, Moghimian M, Soltani M. Eugenol improves tissue damage and oxidative stress in adult female rats after ovarian torsion/detorsion. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 41:933-938. [DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1816938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bita Barghi
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Shokoohi
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Afshin Khaki
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Arash Khaki
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Moghimian
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Malihe Soltani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mkhwanazi BN, van Heerden FR, Mavondo GA, Mabandla MV, Musabayane CT. Triterpene derivative improves the renal function of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a follow-up study on maslinic acid. Ren Fail 2019; 41:547-554. [PMID: 31234683 PMCID: PMC6598493 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2019.1623818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Reports indicate that oral administration of plant-derived maslinic acid (MA) exhibits hypoglycemic and renoprotective effects in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Challenges with triterpenes such as MA include low bioavailabilty which affects treatment efficacy in experimental animals. The goal of this study was to synthesize the MA derivative phenylhydrazine (PH-MA) in an effort to improve the efficacy of MA. Methods: Separate groups of non-diabetic and STZ-induced diabetic rats (n = 6) were anesthetized and the jugular vein cannulated for the infusion of 0.077 M NaCl at 9 mL/h. The bladder was catheterized for collection the urine samples every 30 min. After 30.5 h equilibration period, consecutive 30 min urine collections were made over the subsequent 4 h of 1 h control, 1.5 h treatment, and 1.5 h recovery periods. PH-MA (22 µg/h) and MA (90 µg/h) were added during the treatment periods for analysis of proximal tubular Na+ handling, plasma aldosterone and arginine vasopressin in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Results: Intravenous infusion of PH-MA (22 µg/h) and MA (90 µg/h) significantly (p ˂ .05) increased Na+ output, fractional excretion of Na+ (FENa) and lithium (FELi). Interestingly, like MA, PH-MA significantly (p ˂ .05) increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over the treatment period and decreased plasma aldosterone levels. Our findings indicate that PH-MA inhibited sodium reabsorption in the proximal and distal tubule as shown by increased FENa and low plasma aldosterone levels, respectively. Conclusions: PH-MA is, therefore, a promising multitarget antidiabetic agent that may ameliorate kidney function of diabetic patients at a dose four times lower than the parent compound (MA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blessing Nkazimulo Mkhwanazi
- a School of Agricultural, Earth & Environmental Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Scottsville , South Africa
| | | | - Greanious Alfred Mavondo
- c Faculty of Medicine , National University of Science and Technology (NUST) , Bulawayao , Zimbabwe
| | - Musa Vuyisile Mabandla
- d School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gabelova A, Kozics K, Kapka-Skrzypczak L, Kruszewski M, Sramkova M. Nephrotoxicity: Topical issue. Mutat Res 2018; 845:402988. [PMID: 31561894 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced kidney injury is one of the most significant adverse events and dose limiting factor in chemotherapy as well a major cause of prospective drug attrition during pharmaceutical development. Moreover, kidney injury can also occur as a consequence of exposures to environmental xenobiotics such as heavy metals, fungal toxins and nanomaterials. The lack of adequate in vitro human kidney models that mimic more realistically the in vivo conditions and the absence of suitable and robust, cost-effective and predictive cell-based in vitro assays contribute to an underestimation of the kidney toxic potential of new drugs and xenobiotics. Therefore, a rapid screening system capable to detect potential nephrotoxicity at early stages of drug discovery is an urgent need. Here we provide an overview of human cell lines currently used as a surrogate in vitro kidney models in nephrotoxicity studies, including their advantages and limitations. In addition, the capacity of the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/comet assay as a potential tool in kidney toxicants screening is discussed. Despite a limited number of studies using the comet assay to evaluate the drug-induced kidney damage potential, a considerable variability in SCGE methodology (e.g. lysis, unwinding, and electrophoresis conditions) has been observed. Before the comet assay can be included in nephrotoxicity testing, a basic guideline has to be developed. To test its feasibility, additional in vitro experiments including inter-laboratory validation studies based on this guideline have to be performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Gabelova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Katarina Kozics
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; Department of Medical Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; Department of Medical Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszów, Poland; Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Sramkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma A, Flores-Vallejo RDC, Cardoso-Taketa A, Villarreal ML. Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used in Mexican traditional medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 208:264-329. [PMID: 27155134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE We provide an extensive summary of the in vitro antibacterial properties of medicinal plants popularly used in Mexico to treat infections, and we discuss the ethnomedical information that has been published for these species. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a bibliographic investigation by analyzing local and international peer-reviewed papers selected by consulting internationally accepted scientific databases from 1995 to 2014. We provide specific information about the evaluated plant parts, the type of extracts, the tested bacterial strains, and the inhibitory concentrations for each one of the species. We recorded the ethnomedical information for the active species, as well as their popular names and local distribution. Information about the plant compounds that has been identified is included in the manuscript. This review also incorporates an extensive summary of the available toxicological reports on the recorded species, as well as the worldwide registries of plant patents used for treating bacterial infections. In addition, we provide a list with the top plant species with antibacterial activities in this review RESULTS: We documented the in vitro antibacterial activities of 343 plant species pertaining to 92 botanical families against 72 bacterial species, focusing particularly on Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The plant families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae included the largest number of active species. Information related to popular uses reveals that the majority of the plants, in addition to treating infections, are used to treat other conditions. The distribution of Mexican plants extended from those that were reported to grow in just one state to those that grow in all 32 Mexican states. From 75 plant species, 225 compounds were identified. Out of the total plant species, only 140 (40.57%) had at least one report about their toxic effects. From 1994 to July 2014 a total of 11,836 worldwide antibacterial patents prepared from different sources were recorded; only 36 antibacterial patents from plants were registered over the same time period. We offered some insights on the most important findings regarding the antibacterial effects, current state of the art, and research perspectives of top plant species with antibacterial activities in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Studies of the antibacterial in vitro activity of medicinal plants popularly used in Mexico to treat infections indicate that both the selection of plant material and the investigation methodologies vary. Standardized experimental procedures as well as in vivo pharmacokinetic studies to document the effectiveness of plant extracts and compounds are necessary. This review presents extensive information about the medicinal plants possessing antibacterial activity that has been scientifically studied and are popularly used in Mexico. We anticipate that this review will be of use for future studies because it constitutes a valuable information tool for selecting the most significant plants and their potential antibacterial properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Sharma
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Biotecnología y Agronomía (ESIABA), Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Querétaro, México
| | - Rosario Del Carmen Flores-Vallejo
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
| | - Alexandre Cardoso-Taketa
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
| | - María Luisa Villarreal
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Effects of Transdermally Delivered Oleanolic Acid on Malaria Parasites and Blood Glucose Homeostasis in P. berghei-Infected Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167132. [PMID: 27907019 PMCID: PMC5132303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of transdermally delivered oleanolic acid (OA) monotherapy and in combination with chloroquine (CHQ) on malaria parasites and glucose homeostasis of P. berghei-infected male Sprague-Dawley rats. Oral glucose test (OGT) responses to OA-pectin patch and CHQ-OA combination matrix patch were monitored in non-infected and infected rats. To evaluate the short-term effects of treatment, percentage parasitaemia, blood glucose, glycogen and plasma insulin were monitored in separate groups of animals treated with either OA-patch monotherapy or CHQ-OA combination pectin patch over a 21-days period. Animals treated with drug-free pectin and CHQ acted as untreated and treated positive controls, respectively. Infected control rats exhibited significantly increased parasitaemia which was accompanied by hypoglycaemia. Both OA monotherapy and CHQ-OA combination therapy reduced and cleared the malaria parasites within a period of 4 and 3 days, respectively. Compared to respective controls groups, OGT responses of animals treated with OA monotherapy or CHQ-OA combination therapy exhibited lower blood glucose levels at all time points. A once-off transdermal application of OA-patch or CHQ-OA combination patch significantly improved blood glucose concentrations inducing any changes in insulin concentration. Transdermal OA used as a monotherapy or in combination with CHQ is able to clear and reduce the malaria parasites within a shorter period of time without eliciting any adverse effects on glucose homeostasis of P. berghei-infected rats.
Collapse
|
10
|
Luvuno M, Mbongwa HP, Khathi A. THE EFFECTS OF Syzygium aromaticum-DERIVED TRITERPENES ON GASTROINTESTINAL GHRELIN EXPRESSION IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2016; 13:8-14. [PMID: 28852714 PMCID: PMC5566155 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Diabetic polyphagia has been associated with elevated plasma ghrelin levels in experimental type 1 diabetes. This increase in food consumption contributes to chronic hyperglycaemia in diabetes thus contributing to the development of micro- and macrovascular complications. We have reported that plant-derived oleanolic acid (OA) and maslinic acid (MA) reduce blood glucose levels, in part, through the inhibition of intestinal carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes and glucose transporters. However, their effects on food intake and plasma ghrelin concentrations are unclear. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of these triterpenes on food intake and ghrelin expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Material: The effects of OA and MA on blood glucose concentration; food and water intake were monitored over five weeks after which plasma ghrelin concentrations were measured. Additionally, the expression of ghrelin in the various sections of the GIT was determined using Western blot analysis. Results: Ghrelin concentrations in untreated STZ-induced diabetic rats were significantly higher in comparison to the non-diabetic control. Interestingly, the administration of OA and MA reduced food intake, blood glucose levels and plasma ghrelin levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats. This was further complemented by significant reductions in the gastrointestinal expression of ghrelin suggesting that the anti-diabetic properties of these triterpenes are mediated, in part, through the reduction of food intake and the modulation of ghrelin expression. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that the control of food intake through the reduction of ghrelin expression by plant-derived OA and MA may constitute an avenue of glycaemic control in diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mluleki Luvuno
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hlengiwe Prosperity Mbongwa
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mavondo GA, Mkhwananzi BN, Mabandla MV. Pre-infection administration of asiatic acid retards parasitaemia induction in Plasmodium berghei murine malaria infected Sprague-Dawley rats. Malar J 2016; 15:226. [PMID: 27098750 PMCID: PMC4839140 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria prevention has remained a critical area in the absence of efficacious vaccines against malaria. Drugs currently used as chemotherapeutics are also used in chemoprophylaxis increasing possible drug resistance. Asiatic acid is a natural phytochemical with oxidant, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties with emerging anti-malarial potential. The influence of asiatic acid administration prior to Plasmodium berghei infection of Sprague-Dawley rats on parasitaemia induction is here reported. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (90-120 g) were administered with asiatic acid (10 mg/kg) 48 h before intraperitoneal infection with P. berghei. Parasitaemia induction and progression, food and water intake as well as weight were compared to 30 mg/kg chloroquine-treated and infected control rats during sub-chronic studies (21 days). RESULTS Asiatic acid pre-infection administration preserved food and water intake as well as increase in percentage weight gain of infected animals. In pre-infection treated animals, the pre-patent period was extended to day 6 from 72 h. Asiatic acid suppressed parasitaemia while oral chloroquine (30 mg/kg) did not influence malaria induction. CONCLUSIONS Per-oral, pre-infection, asiatic acid administration influenced parasitaemia patency and parasitaemia progression, food, water, and weight gain percentage. This may suggest possible chemoprophylaxis effects of asiatic acid in malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greanious Alfred Mavondo
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Blessing Nkazimulo Mkhwananzi
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Musa Vuyisile Mabandla
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vascular Endothelium-Dependent and Independent Actions of Oleanolic Acid and Its Synthetic Oleanane Derivatives as Possible Mechanisms for Hypotensive Effects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147395. [PMID: 26799746 PMCID: PMC4723044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Plant-derived oleanolic acid (OA) and its related synthetic derivatives (Br-OA and Me-OA) possess antihypertensive effects in experimental animals. The present study investigated possible underlying mechanisms in rat isolated single ventricular myocytes and in vascular smooth muscles superfused at 37°C. Methods Cell shortening was assessed at 1 Hz using a video-based edge-detection system and the L-type Ca2+ current (ICaL) was measured using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique in single ventricular myocytes. Isometric tension was measured using force transducer in isolated aortic rings and in mesenteric arteries. Vascular effects were measured in endothelium-intact and denuded vessels in the presence of various enzyme or channel inhibitors. Results OA and its derivatives increased cell shortening in cardiomyocytes isolated from normotensive rats but had no effect in those isolated from hypertensive animals. These triterpenes also caused relaxation in aortic rings and in mesenteric arteries pre-contracted with either phenylephrine or KCl-enriched solution. The relaxation was only partially inhibited by endothelium denudation, and also partly inhibited by the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin, with no additional inhibitory effect of the NO synthase inhibitor, N-ω-Nitro-L-arginine. A combination of both ATP-dependent channel inhibition by glibenclaminde and voltage-dependent K+ channel inhibition by 4-aminopyridine was necessary to fully inhibit the relaxation. Conclusion These data indicate that the effects of OA and its derivatives are mediated via both endothelium-dependent and independent mechanisms suggesting the involvement of COX in the endothelium-dependent effects and of vascular muscle K+ channels in the endothelium-independent effects. Finally, our results support the view that the antihypertensive action of OA and its derivatives is due to a decrease of vascular resistance with no negative inotropic effect on the heart.
Collapse
|
13
|
Madlala HP, Van Heerden FR, Mubagwa K, Musabayane CT. Changes in Renal Function and Oxidative Status Associated with the Hypotensive Effects of Oleanolic Acid and Related Synthetic Derivatives in Experimental Animals. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128192. [PMID: 26046776 PMCID: PMC4457832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The triterpene oleanolic acid (OA) is known to possess antihypertensive actions. In the present study we to compared the effects of the triterpene on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and kidney function following acute administration in normotensive animals with those of its related oleanane synthetic derivatives (brominated oleanolic acid, Br-OA and oleanolic acid methyl ester, Me-OA). We also used experimental models of hypertension to further explore the effects of sub-chronic oral OA treatment and evaluated influences on oxidative status. Methods OA was extracted from dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum using a previously validated protocol in our laboratory. Me-OA and Br-OA were synthesized according to a method described. Rats were supplemented with lithium chloride (12 mmol L-1) prior to experimentation in order to raise plasma lithium to allow measurements of lithium clearance and fractional excretion (FELi) as indices of proximal tubular Na+ handling. Anaesthetized animals were continuously infused via the right jugular with 0.077M NaCl. MAP was measured via a cannula inserted in the carotid artery, and urine was collected through a cannula inserted in the bladder. After a 3.5 h equilibration, MAP, urine flow, electrolyte excretion rates were determined for 4 h of 1 h control, 1.5 h treatment and 1.5 h recovery periods. OA, Me-OA and Br-OA were added to the infusate during the treatment period. We evaluated sub-chronic effects on MAP and kidney function in normotensive Wistar rats and in two animal models of hypertension, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats, during 9-week administration of OA (p.o.). Tissue oxidative status was examined in these animals at the end of the study. Increasing evidence suggests that and renal function disturbances and oxidative stress play major roles in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Results Acute infusion OA and oleanane derivatives displayed qualitatively similar effects in decreasing MAP and increasing urinary Na+ outputs. The drugs increased the FENa and FELi without influencing GFR indicating that at least part of the overall natriuretic effect involved proximal tubular Na+ reabsorption. Sub-chronic OA administration (p.o.) also elicited hypotensive responses in Wistar, DSS and SHR rats. The MAP lowering effect was more marked in hypertensive animals and were positively correlated with increased urinary Na+ excretion. Compared with respective control rats, OA treatment reduced malondialdehyde (MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation) and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in hepatic, cardiac and renal tissues. Conclusions OA and oleanane derivatives have similar effects on MAP, kidney function and oxidative stress. The amelioration of oxidative stress and blood pressure lowering effects by OA are more marked in hypertensive animals and correlated with an increased urinary Na+ output. Novelty of the Work The results of this study are novel in that they show 1) a correlation between blood pressure reduction and increased urinary Na+ excretion by OA, 2) a more marked MAP reduction in hypertensive animals and 3) a drug-induced decrease in proximal tubule Na+ reabsorption. The results may also be clinically relevant because OA is effective via oral administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hlengiwe Pretty Madlala
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fanie Retief Van Heerden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Kanigula Mubagwa
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cephas Tagumirwa Musabayane
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim S, Lee H, Lee S, Yoon Y, Choi KH. Antimicrobial action of oleanolic acid on Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118800. [PMID: 25756202 PMCID: PMC4355482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antimicrobial action of oleanolic acid against Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis. To determine the cytotoxicity of oleanolic acid, HEp-2 cells were incubated with oleanolic acid at 37oC. MICs (minimal inhibition concentrations) for L. monocytogenes, E. faecium, and E. faecalis were determined using two-fold microdilutions of oleanolic acid, and bacterial cell viability was then assessed by exposing the bacteria to oleanolic acid at 2 × MIC. To investigate the mode of antimicrobial action of oleanolic acid, we measured leakage of compounds absorbing at 280 nm, along with propidium iodide uptake. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were also analysed. The viability of HEp-2 cells decreased (P < 0.05) at oleanolic acid concentrations greater than 128 μg mL-1. The MICs were 16-32 μg mL-1 for L. monocytogenes and 32-64 μg mL-1 for E. faecium and E. faecalis, and bacterial cell viability decreased (P < 0.05) about 3-4 log CFU mL-1 after exposure to 2 × MIC of oleanolic acid. Leakage of 280 nm absorbing materials and propidium iodide uptake was higher in oleanolic acid –treated cells than in the control. The cell membrane was damaged in oleanolic acid-treated cells, but the control group had intact cell membrane in SEM images. The results indicate that oleanolic acid can kill L. monocytogenes, E. faecium, and E. faecalis by destroying the bacterial cell membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sejeong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soomin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (YY); (KHC)
| | - Kyoung-Hee Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
- * E-mail: (YY); (KHC)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mkhwanazi BN, Serumula MR, Myburg RB, Van Heerden FR, Musabayane CT. Antioxidant effects of maslinic acid in livers, hearts and kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: effects on kidney function. Ren Fail 2013; 36:419-31. [PMID: 24344651 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2013.867799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies indicate that hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress triggers the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes. Accordingly, we hypothesized that maslinic acid (MA) prevents these complications due to its antioxidant properties. We, therefore, investigated the effects of 5-week MA treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats on anti-oxidative status of cardiac, hepatic and renal tissues as well as on kidney function. Proximal tubular effects of MA were studied in anesthetized rats challenged with hypotonic saline after a 3.5 h equilibration for 4 h of 1 h control, 1.5 h treatment and 1.5 h recovery periods using lithium clearance. MA was added to the infusate during the treatment period. Oral glucose tolerance responses to MA were monitored in rats given a glucose load after an 18 h fast. Compared with untreated diabetic rats, MA-treated diabetic animals exhibited significantly low malondialdehyde (MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation) and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in hepatic, cardiac and renal tissues. The expressions of gastrocnemius muscle GLUT4 and kidney GLUT1 and GLUT2 were assessed to elucidate the mechanism of the hypoglycemic effects of MA. MA-treatment diminished the expression of GLUT1 and GLUT2 in diabetic kidney and reduced glycemia values of diabetic rats. MA administration increased urinary Na+ outputs and additionally the FENa indicating that at least part of the overall reduction in Na+ reabsorption occurred in the proximal tubules. These results suggest antioxidant effects of MA can ameliorate oxidative stress and improve kidney function in diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blessing N Mkhwanazi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa and
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|