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Laroui H, Guemmaz T, Zerargui F, Saffidine K, Guenifi S, Arrar L, Khennouf S, Zengin G, Baghiani A. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Durieu seeds' extracts: In vitro and in vivo studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117964. [PMID: 38401663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Durieu (Apiaceae) is traditionally used in southern Algeria as a remedy against a wide range of disease due to its health-promoting properties. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of plant methanolic extract and its fractions in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-radical activity was assessed in vitro using ABTS•+, superoxide anion (O2•-) and nitric oxide radical (•NO). Lipid peroxidation inhibition was also investigated in the linoleic acid system. Enzyme inhibition assay was performed against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The anti-inflammatory effect of extracts was screened in vitro through thermal induction of human serum albumin, and in vivo on a skin acute inflammation model induced by λ-carrageenan paw injection, xylene and croton oil topical application. Analgesic effect was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing test. RESULTS The highest contents of polyphenols and flavonoids was recorded by the crude extract (77.14 ± 0.01 μg GAE/mg E and 19.59 ± 0.08 μg QE/mg E, respectively). Among the extracts, ethyl acetate extract showed a promising anti-radical activity of ABTS•+, O2•- and •NO, in addition to a remarkable inhibition activity of the tested enzymes. Meanwhile, all extracts effectively protected linoleic acid against lipid peroxidation and human serum albumin structure in thermal condition even at low concentration (0.31 mg/ml). Oral administration of 200 mg/kg of crude extract successfully inhibited acetic acid induced nociception and reduced edema formation induced by xylene and carrageenan. However, a dose-dependent manner was observed to decrease ear edema by a microscopic examination in croton oil induced acute inflammation. Nitrite and malondialdehyde levels together with catalase activity were modulated in the presence of plant-derived bioactive compounds. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that Ammodaucus leucotrichus is potentially rich source of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifaa Laroui
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Setif 1 University, Setif, 19000, Algeria.
| | - Thoraya Guemmaz
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Setif 1 University, Setif, 19000, Algeria.
| | - Fatima Zerargui
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Setif 1 University, Setif, 19000, Algeria.
| | - Karima Saffidine
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Setif 1 University, Setif, 19000, Algeria.
| | - Sara Guenifi
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital of Setif, Setif, 19000, Algeria.
| | - Lekhmici Arrar
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Setif 1 University, Setif, 19000, Algeria.
| | - Seddik Khennouf
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Setif 1 University, Setif, 19000, Algeria.
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, 42130, Turkey.
| | - Abderrahmane Baghiani
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Setif 1 University, Setif, 19000, Algeria.
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Guo N, Lv L. Mechanistic insights into the role of probiotics in modulating immune cells in ulcerative colitis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1045. [PMID: 37904683 PMCID: PMC10571014 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a persistent inflammatory disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract, mainly the colon, which is defined by inflammatory responses and the formation of ulcers. Probiotics have been shown to directly impact various immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and T and B cells. By interacting with cell surface receptors, they regulate immune cell activity, produce metabolites that influence immune responses, and control the release of cytokines and chemokines. METHODS This article is a comprehensive review wherein we conducted an exhaustive search across published literature, utilizing reputable databases like PubMed and Web of Science. Our focus centered on pertinent keywords, such as "UC," 'DSS," "TNBS," "immune cells," and "inflammatory cytokines," to compile the most current insights regarding the therapeutic potential of probiotics in managing UC. RESULTS This overview aims to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the effects of probiotics on immune cells in relation to UC. Probiotics have a crucial role in promoting the proliferation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are necessary for preserving immunological homeostasis and regulating inflammatory responses. They also decrease the activation of pro-inflammatory cells like T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells, contributing to UC development. Thus, probiotics significantly impact both direct and indirect pathways of immune cell regulation in UC, promoting Treg differentiation, inhibiting pro-inflammatory cell activation, and regulating cytokine and chemokine release. CONCLUSION Probiotics demonstrate significant potential in modulating the immune reactions in UC. Their capacity to modulate different immune cells and inflammation-related processes makes them a promising therapeutic approach for managing UC. However, further studies are warranted to optimize their use and fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects in UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Guo
- Department of GastroenterologyShengzhou People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch)ShengzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Lu‐lu Lv
- Department of GastroenterologyShengzhou People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch)ShengzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
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Xiong K, Deng J, Yue T, Hu W, Zeng X, Yang T, Xiao T. Berberine promotes M2 macrophage polarisation through the IL-4-STAT6 signalling pathway in ulcerative colitis treatment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14176. [PMID: 36923882 PMCID: PMC10009548 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study focusses on the anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory roles of berberine (BBR) in ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of BBR were systematically explored. Methods A 3% (w/v) dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) solution was used for establishing the mice UC model. M2 macrophage polarisation was induced in RAW 264.7 cells using interleukin 4 (IL-4), whereas M1 macrophage polarisation was induced using lipopolysaccharide. Colon length, colon mucosa damage index (CMDI), and haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were used to evaluate colon damage induced by DSS. M1/M2 macrophages in the colon tissue were identified using immunofluorescence (IF) staining with CD86+ or CD163+. M1/M2 macrophages in the abdomen were examined using flow cytometry. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to identify M1/M2 macrophage supernatant biomarkers in RAW 264.7 cells. Western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, and real-time PCR were performed to investigate the potential mechanisms of BBR for treating UC in vivo and in vitro. Results BBR was found to prolong colon length, ameliorate CMDI and alleviate the colon's pathological changes in UC mice. In DSS-induced UC mice, M1 macrophages predominated. BBR promoted M2 macrophages and suppressed M1 macrophages in the colon and abdomen of DSS-induced UC mice. Additionally, BBR significantly decreased M1-specific markers (IFN-γ and IL-1β) while increasing M2-specific markers (IL-10 and TGF-β) in the supernatants of RAW 264.7 cells. BBR upregulated the mRNA expression of IL-4, STAT6, and Chil3 while downregulating TNF-α, IFN-γ, and NOS2 expression in vivo. Moreover, BBR activated the downstream targets of the IL-4-STAT6 signalling pathway and enhanced the phosphorylation of STAT6 in vivo and in vitro to polarise M2 macrophage. Conclusion In UC mice, BBR suppressed M1 macrophages while promoting M2 macrophages. M1 macrophage suppression and M2 macrophage activation were strongly correlated with the anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating activities of BBR. BBR induced the polarisation of M2 macrophages by activating the IL-4-STAT6 signalling pathway, which contributed to its therapeutic efficacy against UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiong
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 71 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Jia Deng
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 71 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Tinghui Yue
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 71 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Wenting Hu
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 71 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Xinglin Zeng
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Chengdu Anorectal Hospital, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 71 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Tianbao Xiao
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 71 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang, 550001, China
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Zhou Y, Chen S, Dai Y, Wu L, Jin M, Zhao J, Li Y, Tang L. Sinomenine attenuated dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammatory responses by promoting 14-3-3θ protein and inhibiting NF-κB signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:116037. [PMID: 36526094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The rhizome of Chinese medical plant QingTeng (scientific name: Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. et Wils.) is widely used by traditional medical doctors for anti-inflammation and immunoregulatory in China and other Asian countries. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects and possible mechanisms of sinomenine resistance against DSS-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The UC model was induced by treating female mice with 3% DSS in vivo and human colonic epithelial cells (Hcoepic) with 0.8 mg/ml DSS in vitro. The mice and Hcoepic were then treated with sinomenine. Inflammatory factors were detected using ELISA and qRT-PCR. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 and 14-3-3θ were analyzed by bioinformatic analysis and verified by western blotting, immunofluorescent staining or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS DSS-induced Hcoepic underwent high inflammation and oxidative stress conditions, whereas sinomenine reduced the uncontrolled immune microenvironment by suppressing NF-κB signaling and targeting 14-3-3θ. Knockdown of 14-3-3θ decreased the protective effect of sinomenine against DSS-induced inflammation in vitro. Moreover, sinomenine promoted 14-3-3θ protein expression and inhibited NF-κB p65 signaling in DSS-induced mice. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that 14-3-3θ plays an important role in sinomenine against DSS treatment, and sinomenine could be considered a potential drug for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Central Laboratory, The Affliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liunan Wu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Jin
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Central Laboratory, The Affliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Li
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Liming Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Rojas-Velázquez L, Morán P, Serrano-Vázquez A, Portillo-Bobadilla T, González E, Pérez-Juárez H, Hernández E, Partida-Rodríguez O, Nieves-Ramírez M, Padilla A, Zaragoza M, Ximénez C. The regulatory function of Blastocystis spp. on the immune inflammatory response in the gut microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:967724. [PMID: 36118018 PMCID: PMC9470931 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.967724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis spp. is a unicellular organism that resides in digestive tract of various vertebrates, with a worldwide distribution and a variable prevalence. For many years, Blastocystis spp. was considered a cyst of a flagellate, a fungus, or a saprophyte yeast of the digestive tract; in 1996, it is placed in the group of stramenopiles (heterokonts). Since its new classification, many questions have arisen around this protist about its role as a pathogen or non-pathogen organism. Recent evidence indicates that Blastocystis spp. participates in the immune inflammatory response in the intestinal microbiome generating an anti-inflammatory response, showing a lower concentration of fecal inflammatory markers in infected human hosts. Here, we review recent findings on the regulatory function of Blastocystis spp. in the immune inflammatory response to comprehend the purpose of Blastocystis spp. in health and disease, defining if Blastocystis spp. is really a pathogen, a commensal or even a mutualist in the human gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Rojas-Velázquez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Liliana Rojas-Velázquez, ; Cecilia Ximénez,
| | - Patricia Morán
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Serrano-Vázquez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tobías Portillo-Bobadilla
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique González
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Horacio Pérez-Juárez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eric Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oswaldo Partida-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam Nieves-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angeles Padilla
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Zaragoza
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Ximénez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Liliana Rojas-Velázquez, ; Cecilia Ximénez,
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Cell-free probiotic supernatant (CFS) treatment alleviates indomethacin-induced enterocolopathy in BALB/c mice by down-modulating inflammatory response and oxidative stress: potential alternative targeted treatment. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1685-1703. [PMID: 35505268 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics and their metabolites appear to be a promising approach that targets both the intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis in bowel diseases. In this context, the emergence of the probiotic cell-free supernatant (CFS) has attracted more attention as a safe and targeted alternative therapy with reduced side effects. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause significant intestinal alterations and inflammation, leading to experimental enterocolopathy resembling Crohn disease. Therefore, we investigated the effect of CFS supplementation on the inflammation and the mucosal intestinal alterations induced by NSAIDs, indomethacin. In the current study, a murine model of intestinal inflammation was generated by the oral gavage (o.g) of indomethacin (10 mg/kg) to BALB/C mice. A group of mice treated with indomethacin was concomitantly treated orally by CFS for 5 days. The Body Health Condition index was monitored, and histological scores were evaluated. Moreover, oxidative and pro-inflammatory markers were assessed. Interestingly, we observed that CFS treatment attenuated the severity of the intestinal inflammation in our enterocolopathy model and resulted in the improvement of the clinical symptoms and the histopathological features. Notably, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor alpha, malondialdehyde, and myeloperoxidase levels were down-modulated by CFS supplementation. Concomitantly, an attenuation of NF-κB p65, iNOS, COX2 expression in the ileum and the colon was reported. Collectively, our data suggest that CFS treatment has a beneficial effect in experimental enterocolopathy model and could constitute a good therapeutic candidate for alleviating inflammatory responses and to maintain mucosal homeostasis during chronic and severe conditions of intestinal inflammation.
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Alipour H, Gazerani P, Heidari M, Dardmeh F. Modulatory Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus PB01 on Mechanical Sensitivity in a Female Diet-Induced Obesity Model. Pain Res Manag 2021; 2021:5563959. [PMID: 34257764 PMCID: PMC8261181 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Obese animals and humans demonstrate higher sensitivity to pain stimuli. Among the endogenous factors prompting obesity, the intestinal microbiota has been proposed to influence responsiveness to pain. The beneficial effects of probiotics on obesity are well documented, whereas data on their analgesic efficacy is minimal. The protective effect of probiotics on nociception in diet-induced obese male mice has been previously demonstrated, but the sex differences in pain sensitivity and analgesic response do not allow for the generalization of these findings to the female gender. Hence, this study aimed at investigating the potential effects of oral probiotic supplementation on mechanical pain thresholds in female diet-induced obese mice compared with controls. Thirty-two adult female mice (N=32) were randomly divided into two groups receiving standard (normal-weight group; NW) or high-fat diet (diet-induced obesity; DIO). All rats received a single daily dose (1 × 109 CFU) of probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus PB01, DSM14870) for four weeks by gavage. Mechanical pain thresholds were recorded by an electronic von Frey device at baseline, at the end of weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 in both DIO and NW groups with and without consumption of probiotics. Blood samples were obtained for the measurement of lipid profile and reproductive hormone levels. Bodyweight was considerably lower (P < 0.001) in groups supplied with probiotics than groups without probiotics. Pressure pain threshold values showed a significant (P < 0.001) increase (reduced pain sensitivity) following probiotic supplementation, proposing a modulatory effect of probiotics on mechanical sensory circuits and mechanical sensitivity, which might be a direct consequence of weight loss or an indirect result of the probiotics' anti-inflammatory properties. Understanding the precise underlying mechanism for the effect of probiotics on weight loss and mechanical pain sensitivity seen in this study warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiva Alipour
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Parisa Gazerani
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mahmoud Heidari
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Dardmeh
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Boutemine IM, Amri M, Dorgham K, Amir ZC, Benazzouz S, Ameur F, Layaida K, Yssel H, Touil-Boukoffa C. Beneficial role of Pistacia lentiscus aqueous extract in experimental colitis: anti-inflammatory and potential therapeutic effects. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1225-1239. [PMID: 34115225 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pistacia lentiscus L. (PL) is a flowering plant traditionally used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The extracts of this plant are endowed with strong pharmacological activities. The aim of our current study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and potential therapeutic effects of PL leaves aqueous extract (PLAE) against Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The therapeutic effect of PLAE was evaluated after orally administration of 3% DSS alone or concomitantly with PLAE (50, 100 or 200 mg/Kg). Mucosal lesions were assessed by macroscopic and histopathological examination. In this context, hemorrhage, diarrhea, weight loss, and disease activity index (DAI) were determined daily throughout the experiment. In the same way, hematoxylin-eosin and Alcian blue staining of colonic mucosal were used to evaluate, respectively, mucosal damages and mucus production. Furthermore, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), and pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] were measured in plasma, as well as in colonic explants and peritoneal macrophages cultures supernatants. RESULTS Administration of DSS + PLAE indicated a significant reduction in clinical score of acute colitis DAI compared to DSS alone administration. Interestingly, histological analysis of the mucosa showed that DSS + PLAE-treated groups exhibited almost normal histology evidenced by an intact epithelium structure and less inflammatory cell infiltration in the mucosa. Alcian bleu staining revealed that DSS + PLAE-treated groups displayed almost normal mucus production. Importantly, a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, IL-6 and TNF-α) levels in dose-dependent manner was reported in plasma, and culture supernatants of colonic explants and peritoneal macrophages from DSS + PLAE-treated mice compared to the DSS group. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the systemic and local anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous leaves extract of PL improve the clinical signs of acute colitis. Our data suggest that PLAE has beneficial effects and could constitute a promising approach against acute ulcerative colitis by targeting the deregulated immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insaf-Meriem Boutemine
- Team "Cytokines and NO Synthases", LBCM (Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology), FSB (Faculty of Biological Science), USTHB (University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene), BP 32, El-Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Manel Amri
- Team "Cytokines and NO Synthases", LBCM (Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology), FSB (Faculty of Biological Science), USTHB (University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene), BP 32, El-Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Karim Dorgham
- Center of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1135 C.E.R.V.I. La Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Zine-Charaf Amir
- Pathology Departement, Mustapha Pacha Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Sara Benazzouz
- Team "Cytokines and NO Synthases", LBCM (Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology), FSB (Faculty of Biological Science), USTHB (University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene), BP 32, El-Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fahima Ameur
- Team "Cytokines and NO Synthases", LBCM (Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology), FSB (Faculty of Biological Science), USTHB (University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene), BP 32, El-Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Karim Layaida
- Gastroenterology Department, Mustapha Pacha Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hans Yssel
- Center of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Inserm U1135 C.E.R.V.I. La Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Chafia Touil-Boukoffa
- Team "Cytokines and NO Synthases", LBCM (Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology), FSB (Faculty of Biological Science), USTHB (University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene), BP 32, El-Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
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Shirazi MSR, Al-Alo KZK, Al-Yasiri MH, Lateef ZM, Ghasemian A. Microbiome Dysbiosis and Predominant Bacterial Species as Human Cancer Biomarkers. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 51:725-728. [PMID: 31605288 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate bacterial agents as cancer biomarkers. METHODS AND RESULTS Various bacterial species have been demonstrated to involve in human cancers. However, the data is not enough for better understanding of predominant specific species. Application of a rapid and early-diagnostic, cost-effective, non-invasive, and inclusive method is a crucial approach for obtaining valid results. The role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in gastric and duodenal cancer has been confirmed. From investigation among previous publications, we attempted to make it clear which bacterial species significantly and specifically increase in various cancer types. It was unraveled that there is significant change in Granulicatella adiacens (G. adiacens) in lung cancer (LC), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal cancer (CRC), H. pylori and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in pancreatic cancer, and Streptococcus spp. in oral cancer. CONCLUSION Alteration in the cell cycle by means of different mechanisms such as inflammation, alteration in cell signaling, invasion and immune evasion, specific niche colonization, induction of DNA damage and mutation, expression of some microRNAs, and enhancing epigenetic effects are the most common mechanisms employed by bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Z K Al-Alo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | | | | | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Cheng X, Zheng J, Lin A, Xia H, Zhang Z, Gao Q, Lv W, Liu H. A review: Roles of carbohydrates in human diseases through regulation of imbalanced intestinal microbiota. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Kamalian A, Sohrabi Asl M, Dolatshahi M, Afshari K, Shamshiri S, Momeni Roudsari N, Momtaz S, Rahimi R, Abdollahi M, Abdolghaffari AH. Interventions of natural and synthetic agents in inflammatory bowel disease, modulation of nitric oxide pathways. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3365-3400. [PMID: 32655263 PMCID: PMC7327787 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i24.3365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The elevated levels of nitric oxide (NO) in serum and affected tissues; mainly synthesized by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme; can exacerbate GI inflammation and is one of the major biomarkers of GI inflammation. Various natural and synthetic agents are able to ameliorate GI inflammation and decrease iNOS expression to the extent comparable with some IBD drugs. Thereby, the purpose of this study was to gather a list of natural or synthetic mediators capable of modulating IBD through the NO pathway. Electronic databases including Google Scholar and PubMed were searched from 1980 to May 2018. We found that polyphenols and particularly flavonoids are able to markedly attenuate NO production and iNOS expression through the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Prebiotics and probiotics can also alter the GI microbiota and reduce NO expression in IBD models through a broad array of mechanisms. A number of synthetic molecules have been found to suppress NO expression either dependent on the NF-κB signaling pathway (i.e., dexamethasone, pioglitazone, tropisetron) or independent from this pathway (i.e., nicotine, prednisolone, celecoxib, β-adrenoceptor antagonists). Co-administration of natural and synthetic agents can affect the tissue level of NO and may improve IBD symptoms mainly by modulating the Toll like receptor-4 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Kamalian
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Masoud Sohrabi Asl
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Khashayar Afshari
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Shiva Shamshiri
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
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Aggeletopoulou I, Konstantakis C, Assimakopoulos SF, Triantos C. The role of the gut microbiota in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103774. [PMID: 31586663 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiota coevolves with its host through a symbiotic relationship and exerts great influence on substantial functions including aspects of physiology, metabolism, nutrition and regulation of immune responses leading to physiological homeostasis. Over the last years, several studies have been conducted toward the assessment of the host-gut microbiota interaction, aiming to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of several diseases. A defect on the microbiota-host crosstalk and the concomitant dysregulation of immune responses combined with genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). To this end, novel therapeutic options based on the gut microbiota modulation have been an area of extensive research interest. In this review we present the recent findings on the association of dysbiosis with IBD pathogenesis, we focus on the role of gut microbiota on the treatment of IBD and discuss the novel and currently available therapeutic strategies in manipulating the composition and function of gut microbiota in IBD patients. Applicable and emerging microbiota treatment modalities, such as the use of antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) constitute promising therapeutic options. However, the therapeutic potential of the aforementioned approaches is a topic of investigation and further studies are needed to elucidate their position in the present treatment algorithms of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece.
| | - Christos Konstantakis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece.
| | | | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece.
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Yason JA, Liang YR, Png CW, Zhang Y, Tan KSW. Interactions between a pathogenic Blastocystis subtype and gut microbiota: in vitro and in vivo studies. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:30. [PMID: 30853028 PMCID: PMC6410515 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blastocystis is a common gut eukaryote detected in humans and animals. It has been associated with gastrointestinal disease in the past although recent metagenomic studies also suggest that it is a member of normal microbiota. This study investigates interactions between pathogenic human isolates belonging to Blastocystis subtype 7 (ST7) and bacterial representatives of the gut microbiota. RESULTS Generally, Blastocystis ST7 exerts a positive effect on the viability of representative gut bacteria except on Bifidobacterium longum. Gene expression analysis and flow cytometry indicate that the bacterium may be undergoing oxidative stress in the presence of Blastocystis. In vitro assays demonstrate that Blastocystis-induced host responses are able to decrease Bifidobacterium counts. Mice infected with Blastocystis also reveal a decrease in beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that particular isolates of Blastocystis ST7 cause changes in microbiota populations and potentially lead to an imbalance of the gut microbiota. This study suggests that certain isolates of Blastocystis exert their pathogenic effects through disruption of the gut microbiota and provides a counterpoint to the increasing reports indicating the commensal nature of this ubiquitous parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Anthony Yason
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
- Institute of Biology and Natural Sciences Research Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Yi Ran Liang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
- Microbiome Otago, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, PO Box 56 720, Cumberland St, Dunedin, 9054, Otago, New Zealand.
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Yousefi B, Eslami M, Ghasemian A, Kokhaei P, Salek Farrokhi A, Darabi N. Probiotics importance and their immunomodulatory properties. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8008-8018. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Immunology Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
| | - Majid Eslami
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
| | | | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center, and Department of Immunology Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
- Immune and Gene Therapy Lab Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Narges Darabi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
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Pretreatment and treatment with fructo-oligosaccharides attenuate intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU in mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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17
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Lin F, Wu H, Zeng M, Yu G, Dong S, Yang H. Probiotic/prebiotic correction for adverse effects of iron fortification on intestinal resistance to Salmonella infection in weaning mice. Food Funct 2018; 9:1070-1078. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our study provides experimental evidence for the increased diarrhea risk upon iron fortification with high pathogen load, and demonstrates that probiotic or prebiotic supplementation can be used to eliminate the potential harm of iron fortification on gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Haohao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Mingyong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Guangli Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Shiyuan Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Huicheng Yang
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute
- Zhoushan
- PR China
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18
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Hosain MZ, Yuzuriha K, Khadijah, Takeo M, Kishimura A, Murakami Y, Mori T, Katayama Y. Synergic modulation of the inflammatory state of macrophages utilizing anti-oxidant and phosphatidylserine-containing polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1514-1520. [PMID: 30108863 PMCID: PMC6071953 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00174f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory activation of macrophages is a key factor in chronic inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis. The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) by macrophages causes oxidative stress during the inflammatory response and exaggerates inflammatory lesions in ulcerative colitis. Inhibition of the inflammatory activation of macrophages is a promising treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we prepared self-filling polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PST-PLNPs) consisting of poly dl-lactic acid as a hydrophobic biodegradable polymer core encapsulating α-tocopherol (T) and phosphatidylserine (PS) both on the surface and interior of the particle. We confirmed the anti-inflammatory response of these hybrid nanoparticles in activated murine macrophages. PS has anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages by modulating the macrophage phenotype, while α-tocopherol is an antioxidant that neutralizes ROS. We found that PS-containing (PS-PLNPs) and PS plus α-tocopherol-containing (PST-PLNPs) polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles significantly increased the viability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophages compared with phosphatidylcholine-containing PLNPs. PST-PLNPs had a better effect than PS-PLNPs, which was attributed to the synergy between PS and α-tocopherol. This synergic action of PST-PLNPs reduced NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) production and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine (TGF-β1) production when incubated with activated macrophages. Thus, these self-filling biodegradable polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PST-PLNPs) containing anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules might be potential alternative drug carriers to liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zahangir Hosain
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan . ; ; ; Tel: +81 92 802 2851
| | - Kazuki Yuzuriha
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan . ; ; ; Tel: +81 92 802 2851
| | - Khadijah
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Masafumi Takeo
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan . ; ; ; Tel: +81 92 802 2851
| | - Akihiro Kishimura
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan . ; ; ; Tel: +81 92 802 2851
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
- Center for Future Chemistry , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
- International Research Center for Molecular Systems , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Murakami
- Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei , Tokyo , 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan . ; ; ; Tel: +81 92 802 2851
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
- Center for Future Chemistry , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan . ; ; ; Tel: +81 92 802 2851
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
- Center for Future Chemistry , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
- International Research Center for Molecular Systems , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Chung Yuan Christian University , 200 Chung Pei Rd. , Chung Li , Taiwan , 32023 ROC
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Evidence of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Probiotics and Synbiotics in Intestinal Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060555. [PMID: 28555037 PMCID: PMC5490534 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics and synbiotics are used to treat chronic diseases, principally due to their role in immune system modulation and the anti-inflammatory response. The present study reviewed the effects of probiotics and synbiotics on intestinal chronic diseases in in vitro, animal, and human studies, particularly in randomized clinical trials. The selected probiotics exhibit in vitro anti-inflammatory properties. Probiotic strains and cell-free supernatants reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines via action that is principally mediated by toll-like receptors. Probiotic administration improved the clinical symptoms, histological alterations, and mucus production in most of the evaluated animal studies, but some results suggest that caution should be taken when administering these agents in the relapse stages of IBD. In addition, no effects on chronic enteropathies were reported. Probiotic supplementation appears to be potentially well tolerated, effective, and safe in patients with IBD, in both CD and UC. Indeed, probiotics such as Bifidobacterium longum 536 improved the clinical symptoms in patients with mild to moderate active UC. Although it has been proposed that probiotics can provide benefits in certain conditions, the risks and benefits should be carefully assessed before initiating any therapy in patients with IBD. For this reason, further studies are required to understand the precise mechanism by which probiotics and synbiotics affect these diseases.
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Wang H, Geier MS, Howarth GS. Prebiotics: A Potential Treatment Strategy for the Chemotherapy-damaged Gut? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:946-56. [PMID: 25162145 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.741082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mucositis, characterized by ulcerative lesions along the alimentary tract, is a common consequence of many chemotherapy regimens. Chemotherapy negatively disrupts the intestinal microbiota, resulting in increased numbers of potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridia and Enterobacteriaceae, and decreased numbers of "beneficial" bacteria, such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. Agents capable of restoring homeostasis in the bowel microbiota could, therefore, be applicable to mucositis. Prebiotics are indigestible compounds, commonly oligosaccharides, that seek to reverse chemotherapy-induced intestinal dysbiosis through selective colonization of the intestinal microbiota by probiotic bacteria. In addition, evidence is emerging that certain prebiotics contribute to nutrient digestibility and absorption, modulate intestinal barrier function through effects on mucin expression, and also modify mucosal immune responses, possibly via inflammasome-mediated processes. This review examines the known mechanisms of prebiotic action, and explores their potential for reducing the severity of chemotherapy-induced mucositis in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanru Wang
- a School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide , Roseworthy Campus , South Australia
| | - Mark S Geier
- a School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide , Roseworthy Campus , South Australia.,b South Australian Research and Development Institute, Pig and Poultry Production Institute, Nutrition Research Laboratory , Roseworthy , South Australia
| | - Gordon S Howarth
- a School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide , Roseworthy Campus , South Australia.,c Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Gastroenterology, Children, Youth and Women's Health Service , North Adelaide , South Australia
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21
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Soufli I, Toumi R, Rafa H, Touil-Boukoffa C. Overview of cytokines and nitric oxide involvement in immuno-pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2016; 7:353-360. [PMID: 27602236 PMCID: PMC4986402 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i3.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are complex disorders with undetermined etiology. Several hypotheses suggest that IBDs result from an abnormal immune response against endogenous flora and luminal antigens in genetically susceptible individuals. The dysfunction of the mucosal immune response is implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. The balance between pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and IL-17A], anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13), and immunoregulatory cytokines (IL-10 and transforming growth factors β) is disturbed. Moreover, evidence from animal and clinical studies demonstrate a positive correlation between an increased concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and the severity of the disease. Interestingly, proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the up-regulation of inducible oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in IBD. However, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines are responsible for the negative regulation of iNOS. A positive correlation between NO production and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, IL-12, and interferon-γ) were reported in patients with IBD. This review focuses on the role of cytokines in intestinal inflammation and their relationship with NO in IBD.
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Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has important metabolic and host-protective functions. Conversely to these beneficial functions, the intestinal microbiota is thought to play a central role in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), a chronic inflammation of the gut mucosa. Genetic screens and studies in experimental mouse models have clearly demonstrated that IBD can develop due to excessive translocation of bacteria into the bowel wall or dysregulated handling of bacteria in genetically susceptible hosts. In healthy individuals, the microbiota is efficiently separated from the mucosal immune system of the gut by the gut barrier, a single layer of highly specialized epithelial cells, some of which are equipped with innate immune functions to prevent or control access of bacterial antigens to the mucosal immune cells. It is currently unclear whether the composition of the microbial flora or individual bacterial strains or pathogens induces or supports the pathogenesis of IBD. Further research will be necessary to carefully dissect the contribution of individual bacterial species to this disease and to ascertain whether specific modulation of the intestinal microbiome may represent a valuable further option for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Becker
- Christoph Becker, PhD, is associated professor, Markus F. Neurath, MD, is director, and Stefan Wirtz, PhD, is senior scientist at the Department of Medicine 1 at the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg in Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Christoph Becker, PhD, is associated professor, Markus F. Neurath, MD, is director, and Stefan Wirtz, PhD, is senior scientist at the Department of Medicine 1 at the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg in Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Christoph Becker, PhD, is associated professor, Markus F. Neurath, MD, is director, and Stefan Wirtz, PhD, is senior scientist at the Department of Medicine 1 at the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg in Erlangen, Germany
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Bendtsen KM, Fisker L, Hansen AK, Hansen CHF, Nielsen DS. The influence of the young microbiome on inflammatory diseases--Lessons from animal studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 105:278-95. [PMID: 26663871 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are on the rise in the Westernized world. This rise has been correlated to a range of environmental factors, such as birth mode, rural versus urban living conditions, and use of antibiotics. Such environmental factors also influence early life gut microbiota (GM) colonization and maturation--and there is growing evidence that the negative effects of these factors on human health are mediated via GM alterations. Colonization of the gut initiates priming of the immune system from birth, driving tolerance towards non-harmful microorganisms and dietary antigens and proper reactions towards invading pathogens. This early colonization is crucial for the establishment of a healthy GM, and throughout life the balanced interaction of GM and immune system is a key element in maintaining health. An immune system out of balance increases the risk for later life inflammatory diseases. Animal models are indispensable in the studies of GM influence on disease mechanisms and progression, and focus points include studies of GM modification during pregnancy and perinatal life. Here, we present an overview of animal studies which have contributed to our understanding of GM functions in early life and how alterations affect risk and expression of certain inflammatory diseases with juvenile onset, including interventions, such as birth mode, antibiotics, and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja M Bendtsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Fisker
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Axel K Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla H F Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis S Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Soufli I, Toumi R, Rafa H, Amri M, Labsi M, Khelifi L, Nicoletti F, Touil-Boukoffa C. Crude extract of hydatid laminated layer from Echinococcus granulosus cyst attenuates mucosal intestinal damage and inflammatory responses in Dextran Sulfate Sodium induced colitis in mice. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:19. [PMID: 25844068 PMCID: PMC4384302 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease is an immunologically mediated disease. Notably, it is less common in countries where there is a greater risk of exposure to helminths. In our study, we examined the modulatory effect of the laminated layer extracted from the cyst wall of a helminth parasite, Echinococcus granulosus, on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Methods An acute colitis was induced in BALB/c mice using 2.5% w/v DSS in drinking water. The crude extract of E. granulosus laminated layer was injected intraperitoneally daily, starting 3 days before colitis induction. The Disease Activity Index was monitored daily, colon length and weight were measured and histological scores were evaluated. Nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine levels (interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 10 (IL-10)) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the colonic expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was examined. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way analysis of variance and the survival rate was analyzed by the long rank test. Results Hydatid laminated layer pretreatment significantly improved the clinical symptoms and histological scores (*** p < 0.01) observed during DSS-induced colitis and maintained mucus production by goblet cells. Furthermore, treatment with hydatid laminated layer caused a significant decrease in NO, IFN-γ (** p < 0.01) and TNF-α production (* p < 0.05) and an increase in IL-10 production. These results were associated with localized downregulation of iNOS and NF-κB expression. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the potent anti-inflammatory effects of hydatid laminated layer. Furthermore, preventive treatment with the laminated layer played a beneficial role in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier against DSS-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Soufli
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ryma Toumi
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hayet Rafa
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Manel Amri
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Moussa Labsi
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Lila Khelifi
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Chafia Touil-Boukoffa
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
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Toumi R, Soufli I, Rafa H, Belkhelfa M, Biad A, Touil-Boukoffa C. Probiotic bacteria lactobacillus and bifidobacterium attenuate inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 27:615-27. [PMID: 25572742 DOI: 10.1177/039463201402700418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD) arises from a dysregulated mucosal immune response to the enteric microbiota in the gut of a genetically susceptible individual. No definitive therapies are available for this inflammatory disorder. Therefore it became imperative to develop new strategies for treating this disease. Probiotics have emerged as a potential new therapeutic strategy for IBD, however their exact mechanisms of action is still poorly defined. In this study, we address the potential effect of a probiotic cocktail (Ultrabiotique®) composed of four live bacterial strains (L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, B. lactis and B.breve) to promote recovery from acute colitis. Probiotic was given to mice by oral gavage after the onset of colitis and the establishment of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal injury. Clinical parameters were monitored daily, histological scores of colitis and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were determined. In addition, TLR4, NF-κB and iNOS colonic expression were examined. Probiotic treatment ameliorated clinical symptoms and histological scores. NO and IFN-γ production in plasma were decreased by probiotic. These results were associated with reduced TLR4, iNOS and NF-кB expression in colonic tissue. In conclusion, probiotic exerted anti-inflammatory effects and contributed to a rapid recovery of DSS-induced acute colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Toumi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Cytokines and NOSynthases Team, FSBUSTHB, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - I Soufli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Cytokines and NOSynthases Team, FSBUSTHB, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - H Rafa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Cytokines and NOSynthases Team, FSBUSTHB, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - M Belkhelfa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Cytokines and NOSynthases Team, FSBUSTHB, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - A Biad
- Ain Taya University Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - C Touil-Boukoffa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Cytokines and NOSynthases Team, FSBUSTHB, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
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Bhattacharyya A, Chattopadhyay R, Mitra S, Crowe SE. Oxidative stress: an essential factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal mucosal diseases. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:329-54. [PMID: 24692350 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1299] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-products of normal cellular metabolic activities. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are the enzymes involved in protecting cells from the damaging effects of ROS. ROS are produced in response to ultraviolet radiation, cigarette smoking, alcohol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ischemia-reperfusion injury, chronic infections, and inflammatory disorders. Disruption of normal cellular homeostasis by redox signaling may result in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. ROS are produced within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but their roles in pathophysiology and disease pathogenesis have not been well studied. Despite the protective barrier provided by the mucosa, ingested materials and microbial pathogens can induce oxidative injury and GI inflammatory responses involving the epithelium and immune/inflammatory cells. The pathogenesis of various GI diseases including peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal cancers, and inflammatory bowel disease is in part due to oxidative stress. Unraveling the signaling events initiated at the cellular level by oxidative free radicals as well as the physiological responses to such stress is important to better understand disease pathogenesis and to develop new therapies to manage a variety of conditions for which current therapies are not always sufficient.
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a chronic non-specific inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown etiology. During the exploration of the etiology, treatment and other aspects of IBD, it has been gradually realized that microbial ecological agents (MEAs) are helpful in the treatment of IBD. This article reviews the relationship between MEAs and IBD with regard to the intestinal environment in IBD, the therapeutic effect of MEA in IBD and the possible mechanisms involved.
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Rask C, Adlerberth I, Berggren A, Ahrén IL, Wold AE. Differential effect on cell-mediated immunity in human volunteers after intake of different lactobacilli. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 172:321-32. [PMID: 23574328 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms which have beneficial effects on the host when ingested in adequate amounts. Probiotic bacteria may stimulate immune effector functions in a strain-specific manner. In this blind placebo-controlled trial, we investigated the effects on the immune system following daily intake of six different strains of lactobacilli or the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas lundensis for 2 or 5 weeks. Blood lymphocyte subsets were quantified by fluorescence activated cell sorter and the expression of activation and memory markers was determined. The bacterial strains were also examined for their capacity to adhere to human intestinal cells and to be phagocytosed by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Intake of Lactobacillus plantarum strain 299v increased the expression of the activation marker CD25 (P = 0·01) on CD8(+) T cells and the memory cell marker CD45RO on CD4(+) T cells (P = 0·03), whereas intake of L. paracasei tended to expand the natural killer T (NK T) cell population (P = 0·06). The phagocytic activity of granulocytes was increased following intake of L. plantarum 299v, L. plantarum HEAL, L. paracasei or L. fermentum. In contrast, ingestion of L. rhamnosus decreased the expression of CD25 and CD45RO significantly within the CD4(+) cell population. The observed immune effects after in-vivo administration of the probiotic bacteria could not be predicted by either their adherence capacity or the in-vitro-induced cytokine production. The stimulation of CD8(+) T cells and NK T cells suggests that intake of probiotic bacteria may enhance the immune defence against, e.g. viral infections or tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rask
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Toumi R, Abdelouhab K, Rafa H, Soufli I, Raissi-Kerboua D, Djeraba Z, Touil-Boukoffa C. Beneficial role of the probiotic mixture Ultrabiotique on maintaining the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier in DSS-induced experimental colitis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:403-9. [PMID: 23638770 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.790413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases which include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease has not yet been clarified. Several hypotheses suggest a change in composition of gut microflora along with an impaired mucosal barrier that lead to excessive mucosal immunologic responses. Increased production of nitric oxide (NO) contributes greatly to the tissue injury caused by chronic inflammation. Evidence indicates that the mucus layer covering the epithelium is altered during UC and experimental colitis. Our aim in this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of probiotic during DSS-induced colitis by modulating the immune system and colonic mucus production. For that purpose, the probiotic formulation Ultrabiotique(®) (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium breve) was administered daily for 7 d to mice with colitis. Probiotic supplementation improved clinical symptoms and histological alterations observed during DSS induced colitis. Ultrabiotique(®) treatment down regulated the NO production by peritoneal macrophages of DSS-treated mice and enhanced mucus production in both DSS-treated and healthy mice. In conclusion, the modification of microflora by the Ultrabiotique(®) played a beneficial role in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier and promoted tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryma Toumi
- USTHB (University of Sciences and Technology), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Cytokines and NO Synthases Team, Faculty of Biological Science, Algiers, Algeria
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30
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Mathias R, von der Weid PY. Involvement of the NO-cGMP-K(ATP) channel pathway in the mesenteric lymphatic pump dysfunction observed in the guinea pig model of TNBS-induced ileitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 304:G623-34. [PMID: 23275612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00392.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mesenteric lymphatic vessels actively transport lymph, immune cells, fat, and other macromolecules from the intestine via a rhythmical contraction-relaxation process called lymphatic pumping. We have previously demonstrated that mesenteric lymphatic pumping was compromised in the guinea pig model of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced ileitis, corroborating clinical and experimental observations of a dilated and/or obstructed phenotype of these vessels in inflammatory bowel disease. Many mediators released during the inflammatory process have been shown to alter lymphatic contractile activity. Among them, nitric oxide (NO), an inflammatory mediator abundantly released during intestinal inflammation, decreases the frequency of lymphatic contractions through activation of ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of NO and K(ATP) channels in the lymphatic dysfunction observed in the guinea pig model of TNBS-induced ileitis. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we demonstrated that expression of Kir6.1, SUR2B, and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNAs was significantly upregulated in TNBS-treated animals. Pharmacological studies performed on isolated, luminally perfused mesenteric lymphatic vessels showed that the K(ATP) channels blocker glibenclamide, the selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W, and the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one) significantly improved lymphatic pumping in quiescent lymphatic vessels from TNBS-treated animals. Membrane potential measurement with intracellular microelectrodes revealed that vessels from TNBS-treated animals were hyperpolarized compared with their sham counterpart and that the hyperpolarization was significantly attenuated in the presence of glibenclamide and ODQ. Our findings suggest that NO and K(ATP) play a major role in the lymphatic contractile dysfunction that occurred as a consequence of the intestinal inflammation caused by TNBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mathias
- Inflammation Research Network and Smooth Muscle Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Wang H, Bastian SEP, Howarth GS. Newly Developed Synbiotics and the Chemotherapy-Damaged Gut. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/2156587213477864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucositis is a common side-effect of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Features of mucositis include erythema, ulceration, and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract accompanied by clinical symptoms of abdominal pain and digestive disturbances. New treatment strategies are required. Experimental evidence is accumulating showing therapeutic promise for new nutraceutical agents including probiotic bacteria, probiotic-derived factors, prebiotics, and plant extracts. However, the targeted development of new combinations of these agents (synbiotics) to combat mucositis remains largely unexplored. The current review addresses the potential for these nutraceutical agents to reduce the severity of chemotherapy-damaged mucositis by strategically aligning their underlying mechanism of action with features of mucositis pathogenesis. The potential for certain plant extracts to act as prebiotics, in combination with probiotics or their derived factors, is further investigated. These unique synbiotic formulations could form the basis of a new naturally sourced adjunctive approach to cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanru Wang
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan E. P. Bastian
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine; University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gordon S. Howarth
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Gastroenterology, Children, Youth and Women’s Health Service, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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