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Min M, Mason SL, Bennett GN, Hussain MA, Bunt CR. Viability assessment of Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707 on non-dairy foods using quantitative fluorescence microscopy. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 167:105778. [PMID: 31733264 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates an effective technique for separating and purifying viable bacteria from samples that interfere with viability staining. The viability of Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707 was assessed using Percoll Buoyant Density Gradient Centrifugation (PBDC) to separate bacteria from complex non-dairy food matrices and Quantitative Fluorescence Microscopy (QFM) to determine individual cells using LIVE/DEAD BacLight bacterial viability staining. Water agar (3%) was used to retain cells of B. longum and offered a lower fluorescence background with BacLight viability staining, compared with fixation on polycarbonate (PC) black membrane. The effect of drying temperatures and non-dairy foods on viability of B. longum was assessed. B. longum coated on oat, peanut or raisin was separated by filtration, low- and high-speed centrifugation, flotation and sedimentation buoyant density centrifugation. Purified cells were subsequently deposited on water agar for rehydration followed by LIVE/DEAD BacLight viability staining and enumeration. Conventional plate counting was also conducted to compare viability results. Finally, this method was applied to assess cell membrane damages of B. longum incorporated onto non-dairy foods during 24 h drying. Furthermore, viability assessment of B. longum coated onto oat, peanut, or raisin was much lower by plate counting compared to viability staining. Drying appeared to have a greater impact when viability was assessed by plate counting compared to viability staining. IMPORTANCE: Enumeration of viable beneficial bacteria from function foods presents a significant bottleneck for product development and quality control. Interference with microscopic and/or fluorescent techniques by ingredients, time required to incubate plated microbes, and the transient nature of the colony forming unit make rapid assessment of viable bacteria difficult. Viability assessment of Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707 by Percoll Buoyant Density Gradient Centrifugation with LIVE/DEAD BacLight viability staining on water agar (3%) was in agreement with serial dilution enumeration. Without the need for incubation viability assessment by staining provided a more rapid means to assess the impact of drying on the viability of B. longum coated onto oat, peanut or raisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Min
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, New Zealand; BioBrew Ltd., PO, Box 10076, Rotorua, Mail Centre, 3046, New Zealand
| | - Susan L Mason
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, New Zealand
| | - Grant N Bennett
- Department of Science and Primary Industries, Ara Institute of Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Malik A Hussain
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, New Zealand; Department of Health and Human Services, Australia
| | - Craig R Bunt
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Lincoln University, New Zealand.
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Chowdhury AH, Cámara M, Verma C, Eremin O, Kulkarni AD, Lobo DN. Modulation of T Regulatory and Dendritic Cell Phenotypes Following Ingestion of Bifidobacterium longum, AHCC ® and Azithromycin in Healthy Individuals. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102470. [PMID: 31618905 PMCID: PMC6835407 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The probiotic Bifidus BB536 (BB536), which contains Bifidobacterium longum, has been shown to have enhanced probiotic effects when given together with a standardized extract of cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia (AHCC®, Amino Up Co. Ltd., Sapporo, Japan). BB536 and AHCC® may modulate T cell and dendritic cell (DC) phenotypes, and cytokine profiles to favour anti-inflammatory responses following antibiotic ingestion. We tested the hypothesis that orally administered BB536 and/or AHCC®, results in modulation of immune effector cells with polarisation towards anti-inflammatory responses following antibiotic usage. Forty healthy male volunteers divided into 4 equal groups were randomised to receive either placebo, BB536, AHCC® or a combination for 12 days in a double-blind manner. After 7 days volunteers also received 250 mg azithromycin for 5 days. Cytokine profiles from purified CD3+ T cells stimulated with PDB-ionomycin were assessed. CD4+ CD25+ forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expression and peripheral blood DC subsets were assessed prior to treatment and subsequently at 7 and 13 days. There was no difference in cytokine secretion from stimulated CD3+ T cells between treatment groups. Compared with baseline, Foxp3 expression (0.45 ± 0.1 vs. 1.3 ± 0.4; p = 0.002) and interferon-gamma/interleukin-4 (IFN-γ/IL-4) ratios were increased post-treatment in volunteers receiving BB536 (p = 0.031), although differences between groups were not significant. For volunteers receiving combination BB536 and AHCC®, there was an increase in myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) compared with plasmacytoid DC (pDC) counts (80% vs. 61%; p = 0.006) at post treatment time points. mDC2 phenotypes were more prevalent, compared with baseline, following combination treatment (0.16% vs. 0.05%; p = 0.002). Oral intake of AHCC® and BB536 may modulate T regulatory and DC phenotypes to favour anti-inflammatory responses following antibiotic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeed H Chowdhury
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Miguel Cámara
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Chandan Verma
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Oleg Eremin
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Anil D Kulkarni
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center and McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 4022-B, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Dileep N Lobo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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Yason JA, Liang YR, Png CW, Zhang Y, Tan KSW. Interactions between a pathogenic Blastocystis subtype and gut microbiota: in vitro and in vivo studies. Microbiome 2019; 7:30. [PMID: 30853028 PMCID: PMC6410515 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blastocystis is a common gut eukaryote detected in humans and animals. It has been associated with gastrointestinal disease in the past although recent metagenomic studies also suggest that it is a member of normal microbiota. This study investigates interactions between pathogenic human isolates belonging to Blastocystis subtype 7 (ST7) and bacterial representatives of the gut microbiota. RESULTS Generally, Blastocystis ST7 exerts a positive effect on the viability of representative gut bacteria except on Bifidobacterium longum. Gene expression analysis and flow cytometry indicate that the bacterium may be undergoing oxidative stress in the presence of Blastocystis. In vitro assays demonstrate that Blastocystis-induced host responses are able to decrease Bifidobacterium counts. Mice infected with Blastocystis also reveal a decrease in beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that particular isolates of Blastocystis ST7 cause changes in microbiota populations and potentially lead to an imbalance of the gut microbiota. This study suggests that certain isolates of Blastocystis exert their pathogenic effects through disruption of the gut microbiota and provides a counterpoint to the increasing reports indicating the commensal nature of this ubiquitous parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Anthony Yason
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
- Institute of Biology and Natural Sciences Research Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Yi Ran Liang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
- Microbiome Otago, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, PO Box 56 720, Cumberland St, Dunedin, 9054, Otago, New Zealand.
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Bykov A, Kvan O, Gavrish I, Bykova L, Mezhuyeva L, Sizentsov A, Rusyaeva M, Korol'kova D. Cavitation treatment as a means of modifying the antibacterial activity of various feed additives. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:2845-2850. [PMID: 30488250 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The quality of feed, including its microbiological characteristics, is important for the organization of full-value feeding of animals in agriculture. So, the means of non-reagent processing of feeds, including cavitation treatment, are becoming more widespread. In our study, it was shown that the amount of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (QMAFAnM) decreases after a 5-min treatment of the test samples (chalk, fuz, bran, and zeolite) (1.1-35 times) compared to untreated samples, while an increase in the duration of exposure is proportional to the expression of the bactericidal effect. A study of the bioluminescent response of the test strain Escherichia coli K12 TG1 under the influence of the test samples showed inhibition of bioluminescence under the action of chalk and an increase in luminescence during incubation with fusa and bran. When examining the growth rates of strains E. Coli 675 and Bifidobacterium longum B379M, it was found that water and zeolite treated with cavitation suppressed the growth of E. coli 675, while the growth of Bifidobacterium longum B379M was higher than the control values at the end of the experiment. So, cavitation processing can cause the death of microflora of feed additives, at the same time, as a result of the dissociation of a complex of organic polymers, contributing to the positive response of probiotic strains. These studies can be used in agriculture in the preparation of feed additives from waste from the processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyem Bykov
- Orenburg State University, Prospect Pobedy 13, Orenburg, 460016, Russia
| | - Olga Kvan
- Orenburg State University, Prospect Pobedy 13, Orenburg, 460016, Russia
- Federal Scientific Centre of Biological systems and Agrotechnologies of Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, 9 Yanvarya Street, Orenburg, 460000, Russia
| | - Irina Gavrish
- Orenburg State University, Prospect Pobedy 13, Orenburg, 460016, Russia.
- Federal Scientific Centre of Biological systems and Agrotechnologies of Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, 9 Yanvarya Street, Orenburg, 460000, Russia.
| | - Lyudmila Bykova
- Orenburg State University, Prospect Pobedy 13, Orenburg, 460016, Russia
| | - Larisa Mezhuyeva
- Orenburg State University, Prospect Pobedy 13, Orenburg, 460016, Russia
| | - Alexey Sizentsov
- Orenburg State University, Prospect Pobedy 13, Orenburg, 460016, Russia
| | | | - Daria Korol'kova
- Orenburg State University, Prospect Pobedy 13, Orenburg, 460016, Russia
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Li J, Zhang X, Cao L, Ji J, Gao J. Three Inulin-Type Fructans from Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. Roots and Their Prebiotic Activity on Bifidobacterium longum. Molecules 2018; 23:E3123. [PMID: 30501018 PMCID: PMC6320984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Radix Codonopsis, derived from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. Var. modesta (Nannf.) L.T. Shen and Codonopsis tangshen Oliv., has been used as traditional Chinese medicine for improving poor gastrointestinal function, treating gastric ulcers and chronic gastritis in China. Inulin-type fructans are carbohydrates consisting mainly of β (2→1) fructosyl-fructose links in chemical structure and exhibit a range of properties such as prebiotic activity, fat substitutes in low-calorie foods and disease-modifying effects. The prebiotic effects of inulin-type fructans are hypothesized to improve gastrointestinal function through alterations to gut microbiota composition and metabolism. In the present study, three inulin-type fructans with high degree of polymerization (DP = 16, 22, and 31) were isolated from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. and their structures were confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR. The prebiotic activity of these fructans was evaluated by detecting growth stimulation on Bifidobacterium longum. The results demonstrated that three fructans at a concentration of 2.0 g/L exhibited significant growth stimulation on Bifidobacterium longum in a time-dependent manner (p < 0.01). The data indicated that inulin-type fructans in Radix Codonopsis could be used as potential prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Authentic Herbal Material Resources Development of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Lingya Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Authentic Herbal Material Resources Development of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Jianping Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Authentic Herbal Material Resources Development of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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Kim MJ, Ku S, Kim SY, Lee HH, Jin H, Kang S, Li R, Johnston TV, Park MS, Ji GE. Safety Evaluations of Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Bifidobacterium longum BORI. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051422. [PMID: 29747442 PMCID: PMC5983828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, a variety of lactic acid bacteria have been commercially available to and steadily used by consumers. However, recent studies have shown that some lactic acid bacteria produce toxic substances and display properties of virulence. To establish safety guidelines for lactic acid bacteria, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) has suggested that lactic acid bacteria be characterized and proven safe for consumers’ health via multiple experiments (e.g., antibiotic resistance, metabolic activity, toxin production, hemolytic activity, infectivity in immune-compromised animal species, human side effects, and adverse-outcome analyses). Among the lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species are probiotic strains that are most commonly commercially produced and actively studied. Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Bifidobacterium longum BORI have been used in global functional food markets (e.g., China, Germany, Jordan, Korea, Lithuania, New Zealand, Poland, Singapore, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam) as nutraceutical ingredients for decades, without any adverse events. However, given that the safety of some newly screened probiotic species has recently been debated, it is crucial that the consumer safety of each commercially utilized strain be confirmed. Accordingly, this paper details a safety assessment of B. bifidum BGN4 and B. longum BORI via the assessment of ammonia production, hemolysis of blood cells, biogenic amine production, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, antibiotic resistance gene transferability, PCR data on antibiotic resistance genes, mucin degradation, genome stability, and possession of virulence factors. These probiotic strains showed neither hemolytic activity nor mucin degradation activity, and they did not produce ammonia or biogenic amines (i.e., cadaverine, histamine or tyramine). B. bifidum BGN4 and B. longum BORI produced a small amount of putrescine, commonly found in living cells, at levels similar to or lower than that found in other foods (e.g., spinach, ketchup, green pea, sauerkraut, and sausage). B. bifidum BGN4 showed higher resistance to gentamicin than the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) cut-off. However, this paper shows the gentamicin resistance of B. bifidum BGN4 was not transferred via conjugation with L. acidophilus ATCC 4356, the latter of which is highly susceptible to gentamicin. The entire genomic sequence of B. bifidum BGN4 has been published in GenBank (accession no.: CP001361.1), documenting the lack of retention of plasmids capable of transferring an antibiotic-resistant gene. Moreover, there was little genetic mutation between the first and 25th generations of B. bifidum BGN4. Tetracycline-resistant genes are prevalent among B. longum strains; B. longum BORI has a tet(W) gene on its chromosome DNA and has also shown resistance to tetracycline. However, this research shows that its tetracycline resistance was not transferred via conjugation with L. fermentum AGBG1, the latter of which is highly sensitive to tetracycline. These findings support the continuous use of B. bifidum BGN4 and B. longum BORI as probiotics, both of which have been reported as safe by several clinical studies, and have been used in food supplements for many years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd., Hongcheon 25117, Korea.
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agribusiness and Agriscience, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd., Hongcheon 25117, Korea.
| | - Hyun Ha Lee
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd., Hongcheon 25117, Korea.
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sini Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Tony V Johnston
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agribusiness and Agriscience, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.
| | - Myeong Soo Park
- Department of Hotel Culinary Arts, Yeonsung University, Anyang 14001, Korea.
| | - Geun Eog Ji
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd., Hongcheon 25117, Korea.
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Tillmann S, Awwad HM, Eskelund AR, Treccani G, Geisel J, Wegener G, Obeid R. Probiotics Affect One-Carbon Metabolites and Catecholamines in a Genetic Rat Model of Depression. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1701070. [PMID: 29453804 PMCID: PMC5900923 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201701070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Probiotics may influence one-carbon (C1) metabolism, neurotransmitters, liver function markers, or behavior. METHODS AND RESULTS Male adult Flinders Sensitive Line rats (model of depression, FSL; n = 22) received Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 (109 or 1010 colony-forming units per day) or vehicle for 10 weeks. The controls, Flinders Resistant Line rats (FRL, n = 8), only received vehicle. C1-related metabolites were measured in plasma, urine, and different tissues. Monoamine concentrations were measured in plasma, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. Vehicle-treated FSL rats had higher plasma concentrations of betaine, choline, and dimethylglycine, but lower plasma homocysteine and liver S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) than FRLs. FSL rats receiving high-dose probiotics had lower plasma betaine and higher liver SAM compared to vehicle-treated FSL rats. FSLs had higher concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin than FRLs across various brain regions. Probiotics decreased plasma dopamine in FSLs in a dose-dependent manner. There were no detectable changes in liver function markers or behavior. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics reduced the flow of methyl groups via betaine, increased liver SAM, and decreased plasma dopamine and norepinephrine. Since these changes in methylation and catecholamine pathways are known to be involved in several diseases, future investigation of the effect of probiotics is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tillmann
- Translational Neuropsychiatry UnitDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityRisskovDenmark
| | - Hussain M. Awwad
- Saarland University HospitalDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Amanda R. Eskelund
- Translational Neuropsychiatry UnitDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityRisskovDenmark
| | - Giulia Treccani
- Translational Neuropsychiatry UnitDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityRisskovDenmark
| | - Juergen Geisel
- Saarland University HospitalDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry UnitDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityRisskovDenmark
| | - Rima Obeid
- Saarland University HospitalDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineHomburg/SaarGermany
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced StudiesAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
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8
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Moreno-Pérez D, Bressa C, Bailén M, Hamed-Bousdar S, Naclerio F, Carmona M, Pérez M, González-Soltero R, Montalvo-Lominchar MG, Carabaña C, Larrosa M. Effect of a Protein Supplement on the Gut Microbiota of Endurance Athletes: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Pilot Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:E337. [PMID: 29534465 PMCID: PMC5872755 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional supplements are popular among athletes to improve performance and physical recovery. Protein supplements fulfill this function by improving performance and increasing muscle mass; however, their effect on other organs or systems is less well known. Diet alterations can induce gut microbiota imbalance, with beneficial or deleterious consequences for the host. To test this, we performed a randomized pilot study in cross-country runners whose diets were complemented with a protein supplement (whey isolate and beef hydrolysate) (n = 12) or maltodextrin (control) (n = 12) for 10 weeks. Microbiota, water content, pH, ammonia, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in fecal samples, whereas malondialdehyde levels (oxidative stress marker) were determined in plasma and urine. Fecal pH, water content, ammonia, and SCFA concentrations did not change, indicating that protein supplementation did not increase the presence of these fermentation-derived metabolites. Similarly, it had no impact on plasma or urine malondialdehyde levels; however, it increased the abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum and decreased the presence of health-related taxa including Roseburia, Blautia, and Bifidobacterium longum. Thus, long-term protein supplementation may have a negative impact on gut microbiota. Further research is needed to establish the impact of protein supplements on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Moreno-Pérez
- Departamento de Educación, Métodos de Investigación y Evaluación, Universidad Pontificia de Comillas, ICAI-ICADE, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28015, Spain.
| | - Carlo Bressa
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - María Bailén
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - Safa Hamed-Bousdar
- Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - Fernando Naclerio
- Department of Life and Sports Sciences, University of Greenwich, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Manuel Carmona
- Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - Margarita Pérez
- Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - Rocío González-Soltero
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | | | - Claudia Carabaña
- Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - Mar Larrosa
- Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
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Karimi G, Jamaluddin R, Mohtarrudin N, Ahmad Z, Khazaai H, Parvaneh M. Single-species versus dual-species probiotic supplementation as an emerging therapeutic strategy for obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:910-918. [PMID: 28821417 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Recent studies have reported beneficial effects of specific probiotics on obesity. However, the difference in the anti-obesity effects of probiotics as single species and dual species is still uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to compare the efficacy of single and dual species of bacteria on markers of obesity in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of five groups of varying diets as follows: standard diet, high fat diet (HFD), HFD supplemented with Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, HFD supplemented with Bifidobacterium longum and HFD supplemented with a mixture of these two bacterial species. After 15 weeks of supplementation, the animals were examined for changes in body weight, body fat, total count of bacteria in fecal, blood serum lipid profile, leptin, adiponectin and inflammatory biomarkers. Histological analysis of the liver and adipose tissue was performed and the hepatic mRNA expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism were measured. It was found that probiotic supplementation of either B. longum or a mixture of B. longum and LcS bacteria significantly reduced weight and triglycerides in the HFD groups. Supplementation of B. longum bacteria showed better results in terms of modulating leptin level, fat mass, adipocyte size and lipoprotein lipase expression, as well as increasing adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ expression compared to dual species of bacteria. No significant differences were observed in the total count of fecal bacteria, glucose and inflammatory biomarker levels between supplemented groups. CONCLUSIONS B. longum supplementation in obesity was more beneficial in metabolic profile changes than the mixture species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Karimi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Julius Centre University of Malaya (JCUM), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Jamaluddin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
| | - N Mohtarrudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Z Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - H Khazaai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - M Parvaneh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
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