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Malik F, Weisman MH. Sacroiliitis in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2024; 36:274-281. [PMID: 38687285 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the recent evidence regarding the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated sacroiliitis, including the prevalence, pathogenesis, role of imaging, and therapeutic challenges. RECENT FINDINGS Sacroiliitis is an underappreciated musculoskeletal manifestation of IBD, a chronic inflammatory condition of the gut affecting the younger population. Untreated sacroiliitis can lead to joint destruction and chronic pain, further adding to morbidity in IBD patients. Recent publications suggest sacroiliitis can be detected on abdominal imaging obtained in IBD patients to study bowel disease, but only a small fraction of these patients were seen by rheumatologists. Early detection of IBD-associated sacroiliitis could be achieved by utilization of clinical screening tools in IBD clinics, careful examination of existing computed tomography and MRI studies, and timely referral to rheumatologist for further evaluation and treatment. Current treatment approaches for IBD and sacroiliitis include several targeted biologic therapies, but IBD-associated sacroiliitis has limited options, as these therapies may not overlap in both conditions. SUMMARY With the advances in imaging, sacroiliitis is an increasingly recognized comorbidity in IBD patients. Future studies focusing on this unique patient population will expand our understanding of complex pathophysiology of IBD-associated sacroiliitis and lead to identification of novel targeted therapies for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardina Malik
- Division of Rheumatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael H Weisman
- Division of Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Zhang H, Mo Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Wu S, Sandai D, Shuid AN, Chen X. Potential shared pathogenic mechanisms between endometriosis and inflammatory bowel disease indicate a strong initial effect of immune factors. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339647. [PMID: 38660311 PMCID: PMC11041628 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over the past decades, immune dysregulation has been consistently demonstrated being common charactoristics of endometriosis (EM) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in numerous studies. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, bioinformatics techniques were used to screen large-scale gene expression data for plausible correlations at the molecular level in order to identify common pathogenic pathways between EM and IBD. Methods Based on the EM transcriptomic datasets GSE7305 and GSE23339, as well as the IBD transcriptomic datasets GSE87466 and GSE126124, differential gene analysis was performed using the limma package in the R environment. Co-expressed differentially expressed genes were identified, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for the differentially expressed genes was constructed using the 11.5 version of the STRING database. The MCODE tool in Cytoscape facilitated filtering out protein interaction subnetworks. Key genes in the PPI network were identified through two topological analysis algorithms (MCC and Degree) from the CytoHubba plugin. Upset was used for visualization of these key genes. The diagnostic value of gene expression levels for these key genes was assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and Area Under the Curve (AUC) The CIBERSORT algorithm determined the infiltration status of 22 immune cell subtypes, exploring differences between EM and IBD patients in both control and disease groups. Finally, different gene expression trends shared by EM and IBD were input into CMap to identify small molecule compounds with potential therapeutic effects. Results 113 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were co-expressed in EM and IBD have been identified, comprising 28 down-regulated genes and 86 up-regulated genes. The co-expression differential gene of EM and IBD in the functional enrichment analyses focused on immune response activation, circulating immunoglobulin-mediated humoral immune response and humoral immune response. Five hub genes (SERPING1、VCAM1、CLU、C3、CD55) were identified through the Protein-protein Interaction network and MCODE.High Area Under the Curve (AUC) values of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for 5hub genes indicate the predictive ability for disease occurrence.These hub genes could be used as potential biomarkers for the development of EM and IBD. Furthermore, the CMap database identified a total of 9 small molecule compounds (TTNPB、CAY-10577、PD-0325901 etc.) targeting therapeutic genes for EM and IBD. Discussion Our research revealed common pathogenic mechanisms between EM and IBD, particularly emphasizing immune regulation and cell signalling, indicating the significance of immune factors in the occurence and progression of both diseases. By elucidating shared mechanisms, our study provides novel avenues for the prevention and treatment of EM and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yaxin Mo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of TCM Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoling Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Doblin Sandai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Naqib Shuid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Xingbei Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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Development of a Spacer-optimized Quenchbody against Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bergmann CA, Beltran S, Vega-Letter AM, Murgas P, Hernandez MF, Gomez L, Labrador L, Cortés BI, Poblete C, Quijada C, Carrion F, Woehlbier U, Manque PA. The Autophagy Protein Pacer Positively Regulates the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Mouse Model of DSS-Induced Colitis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091503. [PMID: 35563809 PMCID: PMC9101276 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have emerged as a promising tool to treat inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), due to their immunoregulatory properties. Frequently, IBD is modeled in mice by using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Recently, the modulation of autophagy in MSC has been suggested as a novel strategy to improve MSC-based immunotherapy. Hence, we investigated a possible role of Pacer, a novel autophagy enhancer, in regulating the immunosuppressive function of MSC in the context of DSS-induced colitis. We found that Pacer is upregulated upon stimulation with the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα, the main cytokine released in the inflammatory environment of IBD. By modulating Pacer expression in MSC, we found that Pacer plays an important role in regulating the autophagy pathway in this cell type in response to TNFα stimulation, as well as in regulating the immunosuppressive ability of MSC toward T-cell proliferation. Furthermore, increased expression of Pacer in MSC enhanced their ability to ameliorate the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice. Our results support previous findings that autophagy regulates the therapeutic potential of MSC and suggest that the augmentation of autophagic capacity in MSC by increasing Pacer levels may have therapeutic implications for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian A. Bergmann
- Center for Integrative Biology (CIB), Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile; (C.A.B.); (S.B.); (P.M.); (M.F.H.); (L.G.); (L.L.); (B.I.C.)
| | - Sebastian Beltran
- Center for Integrative Biology (CIB), Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile; (C.A.B.); (S.B.); (P.M.); (M.F.H.); (L.G.); (L.L.); (B.I.C.)
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile
| | - Ana Maria Vega-Letter
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620157, Chile
| | - Paola Murgas
- Center for Integrative Biology (CIB), Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile; (C.A.B.); (S.B.); (P.M.); (M.F.H.); (L.G.); (L.L.); (B.I.C.)
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile
| | - Maria Fernanda Hernandez
- Center for Integrative Biology (CIB), Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile; (C.A.B.); (S.B.); (P.M.); (M.F.H.); (L.G.); (L.L.); (B.I.C.)
| | - Laura Gomez
- Center for Integrative Biology (CIB), Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile; (C.A.B.); (S.B.); (P.M.); (M.F.H.); (L.G.); (L.L.); (B.I.C.)
| | - Luis Labrador
- Center for Integrative Biology (CIB), Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile; (C.A.B.); (S.B.); (P.M.); (M.F.H.); (L.G.); (L.L.); (B.I.C.)
| | - Bastián I. Cortés
- Center for Integrative Biology (CIB), Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile; (C.A.B.); (S.B.); (P.M.); (M.F.H.); (L.G.); (L.L.); (B.I.C.)
| | - Cristian Poblete
- Laboratorio de Morfofisiopatología y Citodiagnóstico, Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile;
| | - Cristobal Quijada
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile;
| | - Flavio Carrion
- Programa de Inmunología Translacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo Clínica Alemana, Santiago 7590943, Chile;
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Contínua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Ute Woehlbier
- Center for Integrative Biology (CIB), Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile; (C.A.B.); (S.B.); (P.M.); (M.F.H.); (L.G.); (L.L.); (B.I.C.)
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile
- Correspondence: (U.W.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Patricio A. Manque
- Center for Integrative Biology (CIB), Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile; (C.A.B.); (S.B.); (P.M.); (M.F.H.); (L.G.); (L.L.); (B.I.C.)
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CGB), Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile
- Centro de Oncologia de Precision (COP), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile
- Correspondence: (U.W.); (P.A.M.)
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Lian H, Zhong XS, Xiao Y, Sun Z, Shen Y, Zhao K, Ma X, Li Y, Niu Q, Liu M, Powell DW, Liu C, Li Q. Exosomal miR-29b of Gut Origin in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis Suppresses Heart Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:759689. [PMID: 35274002 PMCID: PMC8902158 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.759689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: While the interplay between heart and gut in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has previously been noted, how the inflamed gut impairs heart function remain elusive. We hypothesized that exosomal miRNAs of gut origin induce cardiac remodeling in IBD. Our aim was to identify plasma exosomal miRNAs that not only are of diagnostic value but also contribute to cardiac remodeling in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods: Plasma exosomes were isolated from UC patients and healthy control subjects and exosomal miRNAs were profiled by next-generation sequencing. Exosomal miR-29b levels in CCD841 CoN colon epithelial cells were detected by RT-qPCR. Exosomes packaged with miR-29b were incubated with H9c2 cells or administered to live mice.Results: The plasma exosomal miRNA profiles of the UC patients were significantly different from that of the controls and 20 miRNAs including miR-29b were differentially expressed. In CCD841 CoN cells, TNFα, IL-1β, and H2O2 significantly elevated miR-29b in both the cells and their secreted exosomes (p < 0.01), suggesting that intestinal epithelium secrets exosomes rich in miR-29b in IBD. In H9c2 myoblast cells, miR-29b modulated multiple genes including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Epithelial cell-derived exosomes packaged with miR-29b also attenuated BDNF and increased cleaved caspase 3, suggestive of apoptosis. Furthermore, tail vein injection of engineered exosomes with high levels of miR-29b suppressed BDNF and augmented cleaved caspase 3 in the heart of adult mouse (p < 0.01).Conclusion: Plasma exosomal miRNA profile could be a novel diagnostic approach for IBD. Excessive plasma exosomal miR-29b suppresses critical proteins like BDNF in IBD, leading to cardiac impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Lian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haifeng Lian, ; Qingjie Li,
| | - Xiaoying S. Zhong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ying Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Kaile Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Xingbin Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Qiong Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Max Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Don W. Powell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Chengxia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Qingjie Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Haifeng Lian, ; Qingjie Li,
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Ahmad T, Eapen MS, Ishaq M, Park AY, Karpiniec SS, Stringer DN, Sohal SS, Fitton JH, Guven N, Caruso V, Eri R. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fucoidan Extracts In Vitro. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:702. [PMID: 34940701 PMCID: PMC8704339 DOI: 10.3390/md19120702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans are sulfated, complex, fucose-rich polymers found in brown seaweeds. Fucoidans have been shown to have multiple bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory effects, and are known to inhibit inflammatory processes via a number of pathways such as selectin blockade and enzyme inhibition, and have demonstrated inhibition of inflammatory pathologies in vivo. In this current investigation, fucoidan extracts from Undaria pinnatifida, Fucus vesiculosus, Macrocystis pyrifera, Ascophyllum nodosum, and Laminaria japonica were assessed for modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in a human macrophage line (THP-1). Fucoidan extracts exhibited no signs of cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells after incubation of 48 h. Additionally, all fucoidan extracts reduced cytokine production in LPS stimulated PBMCs and human THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Notably, the 5-30 kDa subfraction from Macrocystis pyrifera was a highly effective inhibitor at lower concentrations. Fucoidan extracts from all species had significant anti-inflammatory effects, but the lowest molecular weight subfractions had maximal effects at low concentrations. These observations on various fucoidan extracts offer insight into strategies that improve their efficacy against inflammation-related pathology. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of these extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauseef Ahmad
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (M.S.E.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Muhammad Ishaq
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (M.I.); (N.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Ah Young Park
- Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge, TAS 7170, Australia; (A.Y.P.); (S.S.K.); (D.N.S.)
| | - Samuel S. Karpiniec
- Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge, TAS 7170, Australia; (A.Y.P.); (S.S.K.); (D.N.S.)
| | - Damien N. Stringer
- Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge, TAS 7170, Australia; (A.Y.P.); (S.S.K.); (D.N.S.)
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (M.S.E.); (S.S.S.)
| | - J. Helen Fitton
- Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge, TAS 7170, Australia; (A.Y.P.); (S.S.K.); (D.N.S.)
- RDadvisor, Hobart, TAS 7006, Australia
| | - Nuri Guven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (M.I.); (N.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Vanni Caruso
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (M.I.); (N.G.); (V.C.)
- ISAL Foundation, Research on Pain, Torre Pedrera, 204-47922 Rimini, Italy
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
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Kumar S, Singh P, Kumar A. Targeted therapy of irritable bowel syndrome with anti-inflammatory cytokines. Clin J Gastroenterol 2021; 15:1-10. [PMID: 34862947 PMCID: PMC8858303 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-021-01555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multifactorial disease of which infection, as well as inflammation, has recently been considered as an important cause. Inflammation works as a potential pathway for the pathogenesis of IBS. In this review, we have discussed the targeted therapy of IBS. We used the search term “inflammation in IBS” and “proinflammatory” and “antiinflammatory cytokines and IBS” using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. The literature search included only articles written in the English language. We have also reviewed currently available anti-inflammatory treatment and future perspectives. Cytokine imbalance in the systematic circulation and the intestinal mucosa may also characterize IBS presentation. Imbalances of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and polymorphisms in cytokine genes have been reported in IBS. The story of targeted therapy of IBS with anti-inflammatory cytokines is far from complete and it seems that it has only just begun. This review describes the key issues related to pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with IBS, molecular regulation of immune response in IBS, inhibitors of pro-inflammatory cytokines in IBS, and clinical perspectives of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Faculty of Bio-Sciences, Institute of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow- Deva Road, Barabanki, 225003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Faculty of Bio-Sciences, Institute of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow- Deva Road, Barabanki, 225003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
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Raja TW, Veeramuthu D, Savarimuthu I, Al-Dhabi NA. Current Trends in the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2602-2609. [PMID: 32066358 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200211122633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in mankind. SLE's downregulation of T and B lymphocytes could cause the development of autoantibodies, which in turn attack cell surface, nuclear, and cytoplasmic molecules, creating immune complexes that harm tissues. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present review is to evaluate SLE's present therapeutic policies and raise consciousness about the disease. METHODS New therapies are rare for SLE. This is due to the complexity of the disease and its various manifestations. Three techniques are used to develop biological treatments for the illness: B-cell modulation, T-cell regulation and cytokine inhibition. This paper reviews the present trends in SLE therapy. RESULTS Each arm of the immune system is a prospective therapeutic development target for this disease; it involves B-cells, T-cells, interferon (IFN) and cytokines. To date, only one of these agents is been approved for use against lupus, belimumab which comes under B-cell therapy. Both the innate and the adaptive immune systems are the objectives. Currently, although there is no full SLE remedy, drug therapy can minimize organ injury and control active disease, which relies on immunosuppressants and glucocorticoids. CONCLUSION It is possible to access SLE treatment in the form of T-cell, B-cell and anticytokine therapies. In these therapies, antibodies and antigens interactions play a major part. Another medication for treating SLE is the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as hydroxychloroquine. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are another antiinflammatory treatment that suppresses the growth of cytokines related to inflammation and prevents the recruitment of leukocyte by reducing endothelial cell permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharsius W Raja
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai-600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Duraipandiyan Veeramuthu
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai-600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Naif A Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Makaro A, Fichna J, Włodarczyk M. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer: A Current Overview with Emphasis on the Role of the Associated Genes Products. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1456-1462. [PMID: 32718287 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200727105218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer (CA-CRC) is one of the most severe complications of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and constitutes the cause of death in 10-15% of patients. The risk ratio for carcinogenesis depends on numerous factors, such as the extent of intestinal inflammatory lesions and the duration of the disease. CA-CRC is a major problem of today's gastroenterology and colorectal surgery due to the fact that the incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing. In this review, we discussed the current state of knowledge regarding genetic differences between sporadic CRC and CA-CRC, especially pertaining to the chromosomal instability mechanism (CIN). In order to explain CA-CRC molecular basis, we have analyzed the data from studies regarding the correlations between CA-CRC and the presence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Further focus on the role of associated proteins has emphasized the role of NF-κB signaling as the main link between inflammation and carcinogenesis during the course of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Makaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland,Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Haller Square 1, 90-624 Lodz, Poland
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10
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Prediction of treatment failure during infliximab induction therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 150:105317. [PMID: 32205229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In infliximab (IFX) treatment for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), it is difficult to predict treatment failure during the induction phase. In the present study for optimal IFX treatment, we attempted to estimate serum IFX concentration and clinical response in individual patients during the induction phase to predict the indication of therapeutic effect and the possibility of treatment failure in the maintenance phase. METHODS We estimated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters and predicted the serum IFX concentration and clinical response using a PK/PD model and Markov chain Monte Carlo Bayesian analysis method during the induction phase. Then, we determined whether the indication of therapeutic effect between predicted and observed clinical response were matched during the maintenance phase. RESULTS Data obtained from 15 patients were analyzed. The correlation between predicted and observed values of serum IFX concentration (Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, 0.700; P < 0.0001, n = 68) and clinical response of CD patients (0.790; P < 0.0001, n = 25) and UC patients (0.702; P = 0.0004, n = 21) were significantly high. The indication of therapeutic effect at the final time point of each patient (from day 115 to day 203) were successfully predicted in 14 of 15 patients (93.3%). CONCLUSIONS This study presents prediction of serum IFX concentration and clinical response in individual patients during induction therapy, with presumption of the indication of therapeutic effect and the treatment failure in the maintenance phase. Our results show the possibility of optimizing IFX therapy during the induction phase.
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Trapecar M, Communal C, Velazquez J, Maass CA, Huang YJ, Schneider K, Wright CW, Butty V, Eng G, Yilmaz O, Trumper D, Griffith LG. Gut-Liver Physiomimetics Reveal Paradoxical Modulation of IBD-Related Inflammation by Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Cell Syst 2020; 10:223-239.e9. [PMID: 32191873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the association between the microbiome and IBD and liver diseases is known, the cause and effect remain elusive. By connecting human microphysiological systems of the gut, liver, and circulating Treg and Th17 cells, we created a multi-organ model of ulcerative colitis (UC) ex vivo. The approach shows microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to either improve or worsen UC severity, depending on the involvement of effector CD4 T cells. Using multiomics, we found SCFAs increased production of ketone bodies, glycolysis, and lipogenesis, while markedly reducing innate immune activation of the UC gut. However, during acute T cell-mediated inflammation, SCFAs exacerbated CD4+ T cell-effector function, partially through metabolic reprograming, leading to gut barrier disruption and hepatic injury. These paradoxical findings underscore the emerging utility of human physiomimetic technology in combination with systems immunology to study causality and the fundamental entanglement of immunity, metabolism, and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Trapecar
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Communal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jason Velazquez
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christian Alexander Maass
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Certara UK, Quantitative Systems Pharmacology, Sheffield, UK
| | - Yu-Ja Huang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kirsten Schneider
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles W Wright
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vincent Butty
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; MIT BioMicro Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - George Eng
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Omer Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Trumper
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Linda G Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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12
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Mitselou A, Grammeniatis V, Varouktsi A, Papadatos SS, Katsanos K, Galani V. Proinflammatory cytokines in irritable bowel syndrome: a comparison with inflammatory bowel disease. Intest Res 2020; 18:115-120. [PMID: 32013318 PMCID: PMC7000645 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2019.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease often considered as a functional intestinal disorder. Inflammation in IBS is a quite intriguing theory. The aim of this study was to investigate tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, IBS patients and normal controls. Methods IBS and IBD patients along with normal controls were recruited in the study. In all groups, 2 pinch biopsies were taken at each of 3 anatomical sites (terminal ileum, cecum, and rectum). IBS patients were also subcategorized according to the syndrome clinical manifestations. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAb), TNF-α mAb and IL-6 mAb, and one polyclonal antibody IL-1β mAb were applied for immunohistochemical analysis. Results In IBD patients intensity of TNF-α and IL-1β were lower than in IBS patients or controls, while IL-6 was significantly increased comparing to the aforementioned groups. In IBS patients TNF-α was increased comparing to IBD patients or controls, while IL-6 and IL-1β were similar to controls. In IBS subgroups, TNF-α was lower in diarrhea predominant IBS patients and higher constipation predominant IBS patients. Differences among IBS subgroups regarding IL-6 and IL-1β were nonsignificant. Conclusions IL-6 seems to be the most important proinflammatory cytokine in IBD patients, while TNF-α could play a more significant role in IBS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigony Mitselou
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Medical School University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Anna Varouktsi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokratio Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatis S Papadatos
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Galani
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Medical School University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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13
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Kimura K, Yoshida A, Katagiri F, Takayanagi R, Yamada Y. Prediction of clinical effects of infliximab administered for inflammatory bowel disease based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2019; 40:250-261. [PMID: 31256430 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Infliximab (IFX) is used as a therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Although the dosage regimen has been established through clinical trial experience, it has yet to be assessed with a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model. The present study analysed sequential changes of clinical response in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease following repeated administrations of infliximab using the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model. In addition, the dosage regimen presently used for patients with ulcerative colitis was evaluated, as well as the potential efficacy gained by increasing the dose and/or reducing the interval of administration for patients with Crohn's disease. Furthermore, the possibility of evaluating the difference between both diseases with regard to the efficacy of infliximab was investigated. Sequential changes in the clinical response values obtained with our model were in good agreement with the observed values following administration of infliximab in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The results showed the importance of a loading dose for patients with ulcerative colitis, as well as the efficacy of increasing the dose and reducing the interval for patients with Crohn's disease. Also, the efficacy of infliximab for both diseases is suggested to be similar. In conclusion, our results show a possible modeling scenario that can accommodate the clinical response to infliximab administered for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Furthermore, it provides confirmation for the present dosage regimens given for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kimura
- Department of Clinical Evaluation of Drug Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshida
- Center for Gastroenterology and Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Ofuna Chuo Hospital, 6-2-24 Ofuna, Kamakura, Kanagawa, 247-0056, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Katagiri
- Department of Clinical Evaluation of Drug Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Risa Takayanagi
- Department of Clinical Evaluation of Drug Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamada
- Department of Clinical Evaluation of Drug Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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14
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Guedj K, Abitbol Y, Cazals-Hatem D, Morvan M, Maggiori L, Panis Y, Bouhnik Y, Caligiuri G, Corcos O, Nicoletti A. Adipocytes orchestrate the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs in the creeping fat of Crohn's disease affected mesentery. J Autoimmun 2019; 103:102281. [PMID: 31171476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) is orchestrated by the stromal cells of tissues chronically submitted to inflammatory stimuli, in order to uphold specific adaptive immune responses. We have recently shown that the smooth muscle cells of the arterial wall orchestrate the formation of the TLOs associated with atherosclerosis in response to the local release of TNF-α. Observational studies have recently documented the presence of structures resembling TLOs the creeping fat that develops in the mesentery of patients with Crohn's disease (CD), an inflammatory condition combining a complex and as yet not elucidated infectious and autoimmune responses. We have performed a comprehensive analysis of the TLO structures in order to decipher the mechanism leading to their formation in the mesentery of CD patients, and assessed the effect of infectious and/or inflammatory inducers on the potential TLO-organizer functions of adipocytes. Quantitative analysis showed that both T and B memory cells, as well as plasma cells, are enriched in the CD-affected mesentery, as compared with tissue from control subjects. Immunohistochemistry revealed that these cells are concentrated within the creeping fat of CD patients, in the vicinity of transmural lesions; that T and B cells are compartmentalized in clearly distinct areas; that they are supplied by post-capillary high endothelial venules and drained by lymphatic vessels indicating that these nodules are fully mature TLOs. Organ culture showed that mesenteric tissue samples from CD patients contained greater amounts of adipocyte-derived chemokines and the use of the conditioned medium from these cultures in functional assays was able to actively recruit T and B lymphocytes. Finally, the production of chemokines involved in TLO formation by 3T3-L1 adipocytes was directly elicited by a combination of TNF-α and LPS in vitro. We therefore propose a mechanism in which mesenteric adipocyte, through their production of key chemokines in response to inflammatory/bacterial stimuli, may orchestrate the formation of functional TLOs developing in CD-affected mesentery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Guedj
- Université de Paris, UMRS1148, INSERM, DHU Fire, Hôpital Bichat, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France; APHP, Department of Gastroenterology, IBD and Intestinal Failure, Hôpital Beaujon, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Yaël Abitbol
- Université de Paris, UMRS1148, INSERM, DHU Fire, Hôpital Bichat, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France; APHP, Department of Gastroenterology, IBD and Intestinal Failure, Hôpital Beaujon, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Dominique Cazals-Hatem
- APHP, Department of Pathology, Hôpital Beaujon, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Marion Morvan
- Université de Paris, UMRS1148, INSERM, DHU Fire, Hôpital Bichat, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Léon Maggiori
- APHP, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hôpital Beaujon, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France; DHU Unity - Paris 7 Diderot University, 5 rue Thomas Mann, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Yves Panis
- APHP, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hôpital Beaujon, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France; DHU Unity - Paris 7 Diderot University, 5 rue Thomas Mann, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Yoram Bouhnik
- DHU Unity - Paris 7 Diderot University, 5 rue Thomas Mann, 75013, Paris, France; APHP, Department of Gastroenterology, IBD and Intestinal Failure, Hôpital Beaujon, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Giuseppina Caligiuri
- Université de Paris, UMRS1148, INSERM, DHU Fire, Hôpital Bichat, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Corcos
- Université de Paris, UMRS1148, INSERM, DHU Fire, Hôpital Bichat, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France; DHU Unity - Paris 7 Diderot University, 5 rue Thomas Mann, 75013, Paris, France; APHP, Department of Gastroenterology, IBD and Intestinal Failure, Hôpital Beaujon, 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Antonino Nicoletti
- Université de Paris, UMRS1148, INSERM, DHU Fire, Hôpital Bichat, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.
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15
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Laganà B, Zullo A, Scribano ML, Chimenti MS, Migliore A, Picchianti Diamanti A, Lorenzetti R, Scolieri P, Ridola L, Ortona E, Pierdominici M, Bruzzese V. Sex Differences in Response to TNF-Inhibiting Drugs in Patients With Spondyloarthropathies or Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:47. [PMID: 30745872 PMCID: PMC6360251 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by an aberrant immune response and inflammation with a key role for TNF in their pathogenesis. Accordingly, TNF-inhibiting therapy (TNFi) has dramatically improved the management of these diseases. However, about 30% of patients discontinue TNFi for lack of response, loss of response, and side effects and/or adverse events. Thus, the possibility to identify in advance those patients who will have a good response to TNFi would be extremely beneficial. The aim of this study was to investigate differences between males and females with either SpA or IBD in response to TNFi molecules, i.e., infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA), considering the reasons for TNFi withdraw. Data of 594 patients, 349 with IBD (M/F: 194/155) and 245 with SpA (M/F: 123/122), previously unexposed to TNFi, were collected. In the IBD group, the rate of female patients discontinuing ADA was significantly higher than that of male patients (p = 0.03). No difference emerged according to the distribution of reason for discontinuation. Otherwise, a similar discontinuation rate between female and male patients receiving IFX therapy was observed. In the SpA group, the overall discontinuation rate was not different between males and females both for ADA and IFX. However, in patients treated with ADA, males interrupted therapy more frequently than females due to lack of response (p = 0.03). In conclusion, the assessment of sex differences in TNFi response could help physicians personalize the therapeutic approach in a sex-oriented perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Laganà
- Autoimmune Disease Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Zullo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Alberto Migliore
- Rheumatology Unit, San Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Lorenzetti
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Palma Scolieri
- Rheumatology Unit, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ridola
- Gastroenterology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
| | - Elena Ortona
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Pierdominici
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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16
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Islam SMS, Sohn S. HSV-Induced Systemic Inflammation as an Animal Model for Behçet's Disease and Therapeutic Applications. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090511. [PMID: 30235840 PMCID: PMC6163530 DOI: 10.3390/v10090511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet’s disease (BD) affects multiple organs. It is mainly characterized by recurrent oral, skin, and genital aphthous ulcers, and eye involvement. Successful management of BD is increasing, although its etiology remains unclear. A number of etiologies have been proposed, including environmental, genetic, viral, and immunological factors. To understand its complex etiology and improve its management, animal models of BD have been used to enable more effective therapeutic applications with increased clinical significance. An herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1-induced BD mouse model has shown disease characteristics similar to those seen in BD patients. An HSV-induced BD animal model has been used to test various therapeutic modalities. The applied modalities are several materials that are derived from natural products, conventional therapeutics, and possible biologics. In this review, we provided how they regulate inflammation in an HSV-induced BD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Shamsul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Seonghyang Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
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17
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Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model for analysis of adalimumab administered for Crohn's disease. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2018; 39:283-288. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Evaluation of interleukin-6 and its soluble receptor components sIL-6R and sgp130 as markers of inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases. Int J Colorectal Dis 2018; 33:927-936. [PMID: 29748708 PMCID: PMC6002455 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-018-3069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and signalling are increased in the inflamed mucosa in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). As published serum levels of IL-6 and its soluble receptors sIL-6R and sgp130 in IBD are from small cohorts and partly contradictory, we systematically evaluated IL-6, sIL-6R and sgp130 levels as markers of disease activity in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Consecutive adult outpatients with confirmed CD or UC were included, and their disease activity and medication were monitored. Serum from 212 CD patients (815 measurements) and 166 UC patients (514 measurements) was analysed, and 100 age-matched healthy blood donors were used as controls. RESULTS IL-6 serum levels were significantly elevated in active versus inactive CD and UC, also compared with healthy controls. However, only a fraction of IBD patients showed increased serum IL-6. IL-6 levels ranged up to 32.7 ng/mL in active CD (> 5000-fold higher than in controls), but also up to 6.9 ng/mL in inactive CD. Increases in active UC (up to 195 pg/mL) and inactive UC (up to 27 pg/mL) were less pronounced. Associations between IL-6 serum levels and C-reactive protein concentrations as well as leukocyte and thrombocyte counts were observed. Median sIL-6R and sgp130 levels were only increased by up to 15%, which was considered of no diagnostic significance. CONCLUSIONS Only a minority of IBD patients shows elevated IL-6 serum levels. However, in these patients, IL-6 is strongly associated with disease activity. Its soluble receptors sIL-6R and sgp130 do not appear useful as biomarkers in IBD.
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19
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López-Posadas R, Neurath MF, Atreya I. Molecular pathways driving disease-specific alterations of intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:803-826. [PMID: 27624395 PMCID: PMC11107577 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the fact that chronic inflammation as well as tumorigenesis in the gut is crucially impacted by the fate of intestinal epithelial cells, our article provides a comprehensive overview of the composition, function, regulation and homeostasis of the gut epithelium. In particular, we focus on those aspects which were found to be altered in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases or colorectal cancer and also discuss potential molecular targets for a disease-specific therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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20
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Yu Q, Zhang S, Wang H, Zhang Y, Feng T, Chen B, He Y, Zeng Z, Chen M. TNFAIP6 is a potential biomarker of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease. Biomark Med 2016; 10:473-83. [PMID: 27088253 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.16.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Ideal biomarkers are needed for evaluating the activity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to investigate the value of TNFAIP6 as a biomarker. MATERIALS & METHODS Inflamed colonic samples and serum samples were collected from patients with Crohn's disease (CD), patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and normal controls. SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Serum TNFAIP6 was higher in IBD patients than in normal controls and correlated with the inflammatory indicators. Compared with active patients, TNFAIP6 was decreased in both CD and UC patients in remission. Furthermore, TNFAIP6 concentrations consistent with TNF-α level, correlated well with disease location and extent of both CD and UC. CONCLUSION Serum TNFAIP6 may be a promising biomarker for evaluating the disease activity of IBD, demonstrating the diagnostic value in disease location differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenghong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingfan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baili Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Bennett KM, Parnell EA, Sanscartier C, Parks S, Chen G, Nair MG, Lo DD. Induction of Colonic M Cells during Intestinal Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1166-79. [PMID: 26948422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal M (microfold) cells are specialized epithelial cells overlying lymphoid tissues in the small intestine. Unlike common enterocytes, M cells lack an organized apical brush border, and are able to transcytose microparticles across the mucosal barrier to underlying antigen-presenting cells. We found that in both the dextran sodium sulfate and Citrobacter rodentium models of colitis, significantly increased numbers of Peyer's patch (PP) phenotype M cells were induced at the peak of inflammation in colonic epithelium, often accompanied by loosely organized lamina propria infiltrates. PP type M cells are thought to be dependent on cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; these cytokines were also found to be induced in the inflamed tissues. The induction of M cells was abrogated by anti-TNF-α blockade, suggesting that anti-TNF-α therapies may have similar effects in clinical settings, although the functional consequences are not clear. Our results suggest that inflammatory cytokine-induced PP type M cells may be a useful correlate of chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaila M Bennett
- Bioengineering Interdepartmental Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California; Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Erinn A Parnell
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Candice Sanscartier
- Bioengineering Interdepartmental Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California; Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Sophia Parks
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Gang Chen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - David D Lo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California.
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22
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Katz LH, Kopylov U, Fudim E, Yavzori M, Picard O, Ungar B, Eliakim R, Ben-Horin S, Chowers Y. Expression of IL-2, IL-17 and TNF-alpha in patients with Crohn's disease treated with anti-TNF antibodies. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2014; 38:491-8. [PMID: 24613656 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The T cell cytokine IL-17 and the Th-17 pathway appear to have a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. IL-2 is a potent stimulator of lymphocyte proliferation and IL2/IL21 receptor polymorphisms have recently been associated with susceptibility to IBD. AIMS To evaluate the expression of IL-17, IL-2 and TNFα in Crohn's disease (CD) patients with and without anti-TNFs. METHODS Cytokine expression was evaluated by ELISA and intracellular staining of CD4(+) T-cells from the peripheral blood and lamina propria of CD patients and of non-IBD controls. The results were stratified by disease activity and anti-TNF treatment. RESULTS IL2 expression was significantly elevated in CD patients not treated with anti-TNFs in comparison to healthy controls (19.6% vs. 33.3%, P=0.03) and CD patients treated with anti-TNFs (20.4% vs. 33.3%, P=0.02), and similar in infliximab-treated patients and controls. IL17 expression was similar in CD patients and controls, and was not affected by anti-TNF therapy. TNFα expression in patients with active CD was increased compared to controls (35.5% vs 25.7%, P<0.005), and was significantly decreased in anti-TNF treated patients in comparison to CD patients without anti-TNFs (39.6% vs 26.2%, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Expression of IL2 was significantly decreased in anti-TNF-treated CD patients in comparison to non-treated CD patients and controls. This novel finding may indicate a further mechanism of anti-TNF therapy in CD. Expression of IL17 was not influenced by presence of CD or anti-TNF therapy, which may partly explain the failure of recent clinical trials investigating anti-IL17 therapy in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior H Katz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Uri Kopylov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Ella Fudim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Miri Yavzori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orit Picard
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Bella Ungar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rami Eliakim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shomron Ben-Horin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yehuda Chowers
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus & Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Ślebioda TJ, Kmieć Z. Tumour necrosis factor superfamily members in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:325129. [PMID: 25045210 PMCID: PMC4087264 DOI: 10.1155/2014/325129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract of unclear aetiology of which two major forms are Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). CD and UC are immunologically distinct, although they both result from hyperactivation of proinflammatory pathways in intestines and disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier. Members of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) are molecules of broad spectrum of activity, including direct disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and costimulation of proinflammatory functions of lymphocytes. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has a well-established pathological role in IBD which also serves as a target in IBD treatment. In this review we discuss the role of TNF and other TNFSF members, notably, TL1A, FasL, LIGHT, TRAIL, and TWEAK, in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J. Ślebioda
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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Yau Y, Leong RW, Zeng M, Wasinger VC. Proteomics and metabolomics in inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:1076-86. [PMID: 23489082 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide studies in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have allowed us to understand Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis as forms of related autoinflammatory disorders that arise from a multitude of pathogenic origins. Proteomics and metabolomics are the offspring of genomics that possess unprecedented possibilities to characterize unknown pathogenic pathways. It has been about a decade since proteomics was first applied to IBD, and 5 years for metabolomics. These techniques have yielded novel and potentially important findings, but turning these results into beneficial patient outcomes remains challenging. This review recounts the history and context of clinical IBD developments before and after proteomics and metabolomics IBD in this field, discusses the challenges in consolidating high complexity data with physiological understanding, and provides an outlook on the emerging principles that will help interface the bioanalytical laboratory with IBD prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunki Yau
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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25
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Cançado GGL, Fiuza JA, de Paiva NCN, Lemos LDCD, Ricci ND, Gazzinelli-Guimarães PH, Martins VG, Bartholomeu DC, Negrão-Corrêa DA, Carneiro CM, Fujiwara RT. Hookworm products ameliorate dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in BALB/c mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:2275-86. [PMID: 21290484 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence have shown that helminthiasis can significantly reduce disease severity in animal models of intestinal inflammation, airway inflammation/hyperreactivity, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Identification and characterization of helminth-derived immunomodulatory molecules that contribute to anticolitis effects could lead to new therapeutic approaches in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) without the need for helminth infection. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of adult human hookworm, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, crude (Aw) and excreted/secreted (ES) products on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in BALB/c mice. METHODS Colitis was induced by 5% DSS oral administration for 7 days. Clinical disease severity was monitored daily during concomitant intraperitoneal treatment with helminth-derived products. Additionally, several pathways of immunological modulation induced by A. ceylanicum products (MPO, EPO, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokine responses) in the inflamed intestinal microenvironment were assessed. Finally, the histopathological profile of the colon was characterized. RESULTS Hookworm products are able to modulate the potent proinflammatory response induced by DSS, mainly through the downregulation of Th1 and Th17 cytokines. These proteins also reduce clinical and colonic microscopic inflammation scores as well as EPO and MPO activity. CONCLUSIONS Ancylostoma ceylanicum Aw and ES mediators have an important therapeutic potential in experimental colitis in mice, which may provide a more socially acceptable form of therapy for patients with IBDs as opposed to using living worms. Our results support the urgency of further isolation and recombinant expression of active hookworm products responsible for the beneficial effects on colitis.
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Gioxari A, Kaliora AC, Papalois A, Agrogiannis G, Triantafillidis JK, Andrikopoulos NK. Pistacia lentiscus resin regulates intestinal damage and inflammation in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. J Med Food 2011; 14:1403-11. [PMID: 21612460 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus) of the Anacardiaceae family has exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in patients with Crohn's disease. This study was based on the hypothesis that mastic inhibits intestinal damage in inflammatory bowel disease, regulating inflammation and oxidative stress in intestinal epithelium. Four different dosages of P. lentiscus powder in the form of powder were administered orally to trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitic rats. Eighty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups: A, control; B, colitic; C-F, colitic rats daily supplemented with P. lentiscus powder at (C) 50 mg/kg, (D) 100 mg/kg, (E) 200 mg/kg, and (F) 300 mg/kg of body weight; and G, colitic rats treated daily with cortisone (25 μg/kg of body weight). Colonic damage was assessed microscopically. The cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 and malonaldehyde were measured in colonic specimens. Results were expressed as mean ± SE values. Histological amelioration of colitis (P≤.001) and significant differences in colonic indices occurred after 3 days of treatment. Daily administration of 100 mg of P. lentiscus powder/kg of body weight decreased all inflammatory cytokines (P≤.05), whereas 50 mg of P. lentiscus powder/kg of body weight and cortisone treatment reduced only ICAM-1 (P≤.05 and P≤.01, respectively). Malonaldehyde was significantly suppressed in all treated groups (P≤.01). IL-10 remained unchanged. Cytokines and malonaldehyde remained unaltered after 6 days of treatment. Thus P. lentiscus powder could possibly have a therapeutic role in Crohn's disease, regulating oxidant/antioxidant balance and modulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea Gioxari
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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Diminished macrophage apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation after phorbol ester stimulation in Crohn's disease. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7787. [PMID: 19907654 PMCID: PMC2771353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's Disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by granulomatous inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Although its pathogenesis is complex, we have recently shown that CD patients have a systemic defect in macrophage function, which results in the defective clearance of bacteria from inflammatory sites. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we have identified a number of additional macrophage defects in CD following diacylglycerol (DAG) homolog phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) activation. We provide evidence for decreased DNA fragmentation, reduced mitochondrial membrane depolarization, impaired reactive oxygen species production, diminished cytochrome c release and increased IL-6 production compared to healthy subjects after PMA exposure. The observed macrophage defects in CD were stimulus-specific, as normal responses were observed following p53 activation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. CONCLUSION These findings add to a growing body of evidence highlighting disordered macrophage function in CD and, given their pivotal role in orchestrating inflammatory responses, defective apoptosis could potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of CD.
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Abstract
The inflammatory bowel diseases have undergone an explosion of discovery in the last 10 years. The overwhelming focus of this has been in genetics and immune mechanisms of disease. While the former has provided critical information on predisposing factors, the latter has resulted in a panoply of novel immune-based therapies and technologies. These range from an improved approach to the use of conventional immunomodulators, such as azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine, to commonplace availability of anti-tumor necrosis factor agents such as infliximab and adalimumab, through to small molecule inhibition of immune mediators. Unusual treatments, such as helminth infestation, stem cell transplantation, and leucocytapheresis, all derive from the burgeoning understanding of pathogenesis. Most important to our successful use of these therapies will be a fundamental understanding of the patient phenotypes and genotypes that will dictate particular treatment approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Grimm
- St George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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29
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic mucosal injury and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Tumor suppressor FOXO3 regulates gene expression and its translocation to the cytosol leads to the abrogation of its transcriptional function. We have previously shown that bacterial infection regulates FOXO3 in intestinal epithelial cells and increases cytokine levels. As TNFalpha is a major contributor in intestinal inflammation, the aim of this study was to assess its effect on FOXO3 and FOXO3's contribution to intestinal inflammation in vitro and in vivo. TNFalpha induces the translocation of nuclear FOXO3 into the cytosol where it undergoes proteasomal degradation in human intestinal HT-29 cells. Proximally, the PI3K and IKK pathways mediate TNFalpha-induced FOXO3 phosphorylation. In FOXO3-silenced HT-29 cells, TNFalpha-induced IL-8 expression is increased approximately 83%. In vivo, Foxo3 is present in the nuclei and cytosol of colonic crypt epithelia. In DSS-induced colonic inflammation, Foxo3's nuclear localization is lost and it is only found in the cytosol. Consistent with a role for Foxo3 in colitis, Foxo3-deficient mice treated with DSS developed more severe colonic inflammation with an increased number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and PMNs infiltrated in the epithelia, than wild-type mice. In summary, TNFalpha inactivates FOXO3 in intestinal epithelia through the PI3K and IKK pathways and FOXO3 inactivation leads to the upregulation of IL-8 in vitro; in vivo Foxo3 is in the cytosol of inflamed colonic epithelia and Foxo3 deficiency leads to severe intestinal inflammation.
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30
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Kaliora AC, Stathopoulou MG, Triantafillidis JK, Dedoussis GV, Andrikopoulos NK. Alterations in the function of circulating mononuclear cells derived from patients with Crohn's disease treated with mastic. World J Gastroenterol 2008. [PMID: 18023095 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.13.6031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of mastic administration on cytokine production of circulating mononuclear cells of patients with active Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS The study was conducted in patients with established mildly to moderately active CD, attending the outpatient clinics of the hospital, and in healthy controls. Recruited to a 4 wk treatment with mastic caps (6 caps/d, 0.37 g/cap) were 10 patients and 8 controls, all of who successfully completed the protocol. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and after treatment. RESULTS Treating CD patients with mastic resulted in the reduction of TNF-alpha secretion (2.1 +/- 0.9 ng/mL vs 0.5 +/- 0.4 ng/mL, P = 0.028). MIF release was significantly increased (1.2 +/- 0.4 ng/mL vs 2.5 +/- 0.7 ng/mL, P = 0.026) meaning that random migration and chemotaxis of monocytes/macrophages was inhibited. No significant changes were observed in IL-6, MCP-1 and GSH concentrations. CONCLUSION This study shows that mastic acts as an immunomodulator on PBMC, acting as a TNF-alpha inhibitor and a MIF stimulator. Although further double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in a large number of patients is required to clarify the role of this natural product, this finding provides strong evidence that mastic might be an important regulator of immunity in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana-C Kaliora
- Department of Science of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou ave., Kallithea 17671, Athens, Greece.
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Kaliora AC, Stathopoulou MG, Triantafillidis JK, Dedoussis GV, Andrikopoulos NK. Alterations in the function of circulating mononuclear cells derived from patients with Crohn's disease treated with mastic. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 13:6031-6. [PMID: 18023095 PMCID: PMC4250886 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.45.6031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of mastic administration on cytokine production of circulating mononuclear cells of patients with active Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS The study was conducted in patients with established mildly to moderately active CD, attending the outpatient clinics of the hospital, and in healthy controls. Recruited to a 4 wk treatment with mastic caps (6 caps/d, 0.37 g/cap) were 10 patients and 8 controls, all of who successfully completed the protocol. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and after treatment. RESULTS Treating CD patients with mastic resulted in the reduction of TNF-alpha secretion (2.1 +/- 0.9 ng/mL vs 0.5 +/- 0.4 ng/mL, P = 0.028). MIF release was significantly increased (1.2 +/- 0.4 ng/mL vs 2.5 +/- 0.7 ng/mL, P = 0.026) meaning that random migration and chemotaxis of monocytes/macrophages was inhibited. No significant changes were observed in IL-6, MCP-1 and GSH concentrations. CONCLUSION This study shows that mastic acts as an immunomodulator on PBMC, acting as a TNF-alpha inhibitor and a MIF stimulator. Although further double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in a large number of patients is required to clarify the role of this natural product, this finding provides strong evidence that mastic might be an important regulator of immunity in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana-C Kaliora
- Department of Science of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou ave., Kallithea 17671, Athens, Greece.
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Alterations in the function of circulating mononuclear cells derived from patients with Crohn’s disease treated with mastic. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:6031-6036. [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i45.6031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the effects of mastic administration on cytokine production of circulating mononuclear cells of patients with active Crohn's disease (CD).
METHODS: The study was conducted in patients with established mildly to moderately active CD, attending the outpatient clinics of the hospital, and in healthy controls. Recruited to a 4 wk treatment with mastic caps (6 caps/d,0.37 g/cap) were 10 patients and 8 controls, all of who successfully completed the protocol. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and after treatment.
RESULTS: Treating CD patients with mastic resulted in the reduction of TNF-α secretion (2.1 ± 0.9 ng/mL vs 0.5 ± 0.4 ng/mL, P = 0.028). MIF release was significantly increased (1.2 ± 0.4 ng/mL vs 2.5 ± 0.7 ng/mL, P = 0.026) meaning that random migration and chemotaxis of monocytes/macrophages was inhibited. No significant changes were observed in IL-6, MCP-1 and GSH concentrations.
CONCLUSION: This study shows that mastic acts as an immunomodulator on PBMC, acting as a TNF-α inhibitor and a MIF stimulator. Although further double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in a large number of patients is required to clarify the role of this natural product, this finding provides strong evidence that mastic might be an important regulator of immunity in CD.
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Furuya Y, Ozeki T, Takayanagi R, Yokoyama H, Okuyama K, Yamada Y. Theory based analysis of anti-inflammatory effect of infliximab on Crohn's disease. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2007; 22:20-5. [PMID: 17329907 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.22.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a primary mediator of inflammatory responses, is increased in patients with active Crohn's disease (CD) and considered to play an important role in the regulation of inflammation in CD. Infliximab (IFX) is a chimeric murine-human monoclonal IgG1 antibody that targets TNF-alpha and is used as a therapeutic agent for CD. Although that dosage regimen has been established through clinical trial experience, it has not been analyzed theoretically. We analyzed of sequential changes of the Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) using a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model integrating the pharmacokinetics of IFX and turnover rate of TNF-alpha. The time course effects of IFX derived from the present model were matched to reported data regarding CDAI ratios, and we found that the clinical effect of IFX reached a maximum value 2 to 4 weeks after administration and was maintained for the next several weeks. Our results suggested that the standard dosage regimen of IFX is theoretically appropriate. Further, based on the results of various dosage regimens, a second administration of IFX 2 weeks after the first dose was shown to achieve remission in the early stage of active CD, when IFX was given as a repeated treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Furuya
- Department of Clinical Evaluation of Drug Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Japan
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Neuman MG. Immune dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease. Transl Res 2007; 149:173-86. [PMID: 17383591 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2006] [Revised: 11/19/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) that are characterized by chronic periods of exacerbation and remission. Research into the immunopathogenesis of IBD adds support to the theory that the disease results from a dysfunctional regulation of the immune system that leads to the polarization of intestinal immune cells toward a Th1 (T helper) response. The immunologic factors that mediate alterations in intestinal homeostasis and the development of intestinal mucosal inflammation have been at the forefront of IBD research. Cytokines, which are important regulators of leukocyte trafficking and apoptotic cell death, have emerged as essential immune molecules in the pathogenesis of IBD. In this study, recent advances in the understanding of the dynamism of cytokines and the consequences for mucosal immunity and inflammation in IBD are discussed. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential use of cytokines, anti-cytokine antibodies, and cytokine-related biologic therapies as novel targets for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela G Neuman
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Drug Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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35
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Kaliora AC, Stathopoulou MG, Triantafillidis JK, Dedoussis GVZ, Andrikopoulos NK. Chios mastic treatment of patients with active Crohn’s disease. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:748-53. [PMID: 17278198 PMCID: PMC4066008 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i5.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of mastic administration on the clinical course and plasma inflammatory mediators of patients with active Crohn’s disease (CD).
METHODS: This pilot study was conducted in patients with established mild to moderately active CD, attending the outpatient clinics of the hospital, and in healthy controls. Ten patients and 8 controls were recruited for a 4-wk treatment with mastic caps (6 caps/d, 0.37 g/cap). All patients successfully completed the protocol. CD Activity Index (CDAI), Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and total antioxidant potential (TAP) were evaluated in the plasma at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. Results were expressed as mean values ± SE and P < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
RESULTS: Patients exhibited significant reduction of CDAI (222.9 ± 18.7 vs 136.3 ± 12.3, P = 0.05) as compared to pretreament values. Plasma IL-6 was significantly decreased (21.2 ± 9.3 pg/mL vs 7.2 ± 2.8 pg/ mL, P = 0.027), and so did CRP (40.3 ± 13.1 mg/mL vs 19.7 ± 5.5, P = 0.028). TAP was significantly increased (0.15 ± 0.09 vs 0.57 ± 0.15 mmol/L uric acid, P = 0.036). No patient or control exhibited any kind of side effects.
CONCLUSION: The results suggest that mastic significantly decreased the activity index and the plasma levels of IL-6 and CRP in patients with mildly to moderately active CD. Further double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in a larger number of patients are required to clarify the role of this natural product in the treatment of patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana C Kaliora
- Department of Science of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou ave., Kallithea 17671, Athens, Greece.
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Poulou AC, Goumas KE, Dandakis DC, Tyrmpas I, Panagiotaki M, Georgouli A, Soutos DC, Archimandritis A. Microproteinuria in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Is it associated with the disease activity or the treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid? World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:739-46. [PMID: 16521187 PMCID: PMC4066124 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i5.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether microproteinuria in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with the disease activity or the treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA).
METHODS: We prospectively studied microproteinuria in 86 consecutive patients with IBD, 61 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 25 with Crohn’s disease (CD), before as well as 2 and 6 months after their inclusion in the study. Forty-six patients received 5-ASA for a period of 28.8 months (range 1-168 mo). Microalbuminuria (mALB) and urine levels of the renal tubular proteins β2-microglobulin (β2mGLB) and β-N-acetyl-D-glucosamidase (β-NAG) as well as the creatinine clearance were determined in a 12-h overnight urine collection. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) serum levels were also measured.
RESULTS: A total of 277 measurements (194 in UC patients and 83 in CD patients) were performed. The prevalence of abnormal microproteinuria in UC and CD patients was 12.9% and 6.0% for mALB, 22.7% and 27.7% for β2mGLB, and 11.3% and 8.4% for β-NAG, respectively. mALB was not associated with IBD activity. β2mGLB and β-NAG urine levels were correlated to UC activity (UCAI: P<0.01; UCEI: P<0.005). mALB in UC patients and β-NAG urine levels in CD patients were related to TNF-α serum levels. An association was noticed between microproteinuria and smoking habit. Treatment with 5-ASA was not correlated to the severity of microproteinuria or to the changes of creatinine clearance.
CONCLUSION: Microproteinuria is mainly associated with UC and its activity but not affected by 5-ASA.
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Nakai M, Sudo K, Yamada Y, Kojima Y, Kato T, Saito K, Moriwaki H, Seishima M. The role of the tumor necrosis factor receptor in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50:1669-76. [PMID: 16133967 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-2913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 01/05/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of TNBS administration using TNF-receptor knockout mice to elucidate the role of TNF receptors in chronic inflammation of the colon. Histologically, inflammatory cell scores showed no significant differences among TNBS-administered groups, while tissue damage scores were significantly lower in TNFR-1KO and TNFR-1,2KO than in WT. The apoptotic indexes of lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) of all TNBS-administered groups were significantly lower than that of controls. TNF-alpha mRNA expression in the colon was significantly higher in all TNBS-administered groups than in controls. And NF-kappa B activities were enhanced in WT and TNFR-2KO compared with controls. Our data indicate that the TNF/TNFR-1 signaling system mediates mucosal damage through the enhancement of NF-kappa B activity and that continuous infiltration of TNF-producing cells, probably a key pathogeneses of colitis, may be closely associated with defective apoptosis of LPMC, which is possibly independent of the TNF/TNFR signaling system in TNBS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Nakai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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38
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Bertevello PL, Logullo AF, Nonogaki S, Campos FM, Chiferi V, Alves CC, Torrinhas RS, Gama-Rodrigues JJ, Waitzberg DL. Immunohistochemical assessment of mucosal cytokine profile in acetic acid experimental colitis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2005; 60:277-86. [PMID: 16138233 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322005000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Experimental colitis induced by acetic acid has been used extensively as a model for intestinal inflammatory disease. Colonic tissue lesions of intestinal inflammatory disease patients seem to be related to the increased local production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma). PURPOSE To assess the cytokine expression pattern identified through immunohistochemistry in colonic mucosa after experimental colitis induced by acetic acid and establish the relationship between this pattern and the presence of macroscopic lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats (n = 39) were divided at random into 4 groups: NC45 and NC24 (control without colitis; sacrificed at 45 minutes and 24 hours, respectively); and WC45 and WC24 (with experimental colitis induced by acetic acid; sacrificed at 45 minutes and 24 hours, respectively). Macroscopic and microscopic alterations in colonic tissue were evaluated, and cytokine expression was assessed through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS After 24 hours, IL-1 expression was greater in the groups with colitis when compared to the groups without colitis. IL-4 expression was higher in the WC45 group. There was an increase in both INF-gamma and IL-6 related to the presence of necrosis of the colonic mucosa in the groups with colitis for both periods evaluated. CONCLUSION The immunohistochemical technique was efficient for the analysis of various cytokine expressions in the colonic tissue. There was an increase in the IL-1 pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as in IL-6 and IFN-gamma associated with the presence of colonic necrosis. Experimental colitis induced by acetic acid is a useful model for the development of studies assessing the role of cytokines in the inflammation of mucosa as well as anti-cytokine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Bertevello
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Yamamoto T, Umegae S, Kitagawa T, Matsumoto K. Intraperitoneal cytokine productions and their relationship to peritoneal sepsis and systemic inflammatory markers in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Dis Colon Rectum 2005; 48:1005-15. [PMID: 15785898 DOI: 10.1007/s10350-004-0866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This prospective, blinded study was designed to assess intraperitoneal cytokine productions and their relationship to clinical presentations and systemic inflammatory markers in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Fifty patients who required abdominal surgery for active inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, 27; and Crohn's disease, 23) were investigated. Interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in intraperitoneal fluid (obtained by intraoperative lavage) and plasma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To compare intraperitoneal cytokine productions between diseases with a different degree of inflammation, intraperitoneal cytokine measurement also was performed for patients who required surgery for colorectal cancer (n = 25) and acute appendicitis (n = 25). RESULTS The median intraperitoneal cytokine (interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) levels were significantly higher in patients with inflammatory bowel disease than in patients with colorectal cancer and acute appendicitis. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, intraperitoneal cytokine levels were significantly higher in patients with intraperitoneal sepsis (abscess/fistula) than in patients without intraperitoneal sepsis at laparotomy. Intraperitoneal cytokine levels did not correlate with type of disease (ulcerative colitis/Crohn's disease), age, gender, duration of disease before surgery, preoperative medical treatment, and the extent or site of disease. There were no significant correlations between intraperitoneal cytokine levels and the following systemic inflammatory markers: plasma cytokine levels, white blood cell count, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein levels. Postoperative intraperitoneal septic complications (anastomotic leak/abscess/enterocutaneous fistula) more frequently occurred in patients with higher intraperitoneal cytokine levels. CONCLUSIONS Intraperitoneal cytokine productions were greatly elevated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and their levels correlated with the presence of intraperitoneal sepsis at laparotomy and development of postoperative intraperitoneal septic complications. Intraperitoneal cytokine levels showed no correlations with systemic inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamamoto
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center & Department of Surgery, Yokkaichi Social Insurance Hospital, Yokkaichi 510-0016, Mie, Japan.
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40
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Taylor PC, Williams RO, Feldmann M. Tumour necrosis factor alpha as a therapeutic target for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2005; 15:557-63. [PMID: 15560982 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2004.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies have identified and validated tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) as a key disease molecule and therapeutic target for immunotherapeutic intervention in many immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Clinical indications include rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriasis. Recent clinical findings indicate that many chronic inflammatory disorders share certain pathogenic pathways, whereas others are limited to particular disease phenotypes. Better understanding of these pathogenic pathways will inform the development of new therapeutic approaches leading to more complete and sustained disease remissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Taylor
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 1 Aspenlea Road, London W68LH, UK.
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41
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Principi M, Di Leo A, Ingrosso M, Pisani A, Marangi S, Amoruso A, Panella C, Francavilla A, Ierardi E. Lupus Nephritis Improvement After Anti‐tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Monoclonal Antibody (Infliximab) Treatment for Crohn's Disease: A Case Report. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2004; 26:243-8. [PMID: 15209360 DOI: 10.1081/iph-120037721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Association between Crohn's disease (CD) and lupus nephritis is very rare and, to the best of our knowledge, it has been described only once. We report here a clinical case of CD occurred in a young woman 8 years after a diagnosis of lupus nephritis according to clinical, laboratory and histological criteria. CD was unresponsive to steroids and immunosuppressants and, therefore, the patient was treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody (Infliximab). This therapy led to the remission of both CD (50% of Crohn's Disease Activity Index--CDAI--decrease) and lupus nephritis (disappearance of pyuria in absence of infection, significant increase of serum albumin and improvement of renal function tests). The immunological background of both diseases has to be taken into account to explain either the association of the two disorders or the therapeutic response. Moreover, this clinical case confirms and extends the concept that in patients with CD a more accurate detection of autoimmune associated disorders is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Principi
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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42
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Kohn A, Prantera C, Pera A, Cosintino R, Sostegni R, Daperno M. Anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (infliximab) in the treatment of severe ulcerative colitis: result of an open study on 13 patients. Dig Liver Dis 2002; 34:626-30. [PMID: 12405248 DOI: 10.1016/s1590-8658(02)80204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional treatment options for patients with severe steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis include intravenous cyclosporine, which is frequently burdened by toxicity, or colectomy. Preliminary data suggest a benefit from anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (Infliximab) therapy in patients with steroid refractory ulcerative colitis. AIM To evaluate the efficacy of Infliximab in the treatment of severe ulcerative colitis refractory to conventional therapy PATIENTS AND METHODS A series of 13 patients with severe ulcerative colitis, refractory to therapy with methyl-prednisolone, 60 mg daily for seven or more days, were treated with a single intravenous infusion of Infliximab 5 mg/kg. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Of these 13 patients, 10 (77%) had a clinical response to therapy defined by a clinical activity index 10 on two consecutive days. In 2 patients (15%) total colectomy was necessary on account of clinical worsening whilst one patient refused surgery and was lost to follow-up. All patients who responded showed very rapid clinical improvement, within 2 to 3 days of infusion. Infusion with Infliximab produced no significant adverse events. The mean time of follow-up was 10.1 months (range 5-12; during this time, 9 out of 10 patients (90%) maintained clinical remission and were able to discontinue corticosteroid therapy. Infliximab appears to be an effective agent for inducing long-standing remission in refractory patients with severe ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kohn
- Division of Gastroenterology, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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43
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Ortolano GA, Capetandes A, Wenz B. A review of leukofiltration therapy for decreasing the morbidity associated with cardiopulmonary bypass and acute inflammatory bowel disease. Ther Apher Dial 2002; 6:119-29. [PMID: 11982952 DOI: 10.1046/j.1526-0968.2002.00338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Complications of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and acute inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are associated with increased morbidity and cost. During reperfusion post-CPB, activated neutrophils adhere to microvascular endothelial cells mediated by cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and cytokines/chemokines with subsequent myocardial damage caused by activated neutrophil-derived oxidants and enzymes. Leukofiltration was shown to reduce myocardial reperfusion injury and improve gas exchange as suggested by improvements in surrogate markers of inflammation and clinical end points. In acute IBD, characterized by rectal bleeding and protracted hospital stays, circulating neutrophils emigrate to the inflamed colon and adhere to microvascular endothelial cells by CAMs. Multiple treatments with leukofiltration in IBD were shown to induce long-term remission of acute IBD. Hence, leukofiltration may reduce reperfusion injury and rectal bleeding in CPB and IBD, respectively, and therefore decrease the morbidity and cost associated with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo A Ortolano
- Pall Medical Scientific and Laboratory Services, Pall Corporation, Port Washington, New York 11050, USA
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44
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Herrlinger KR, Noftz MK, Dalhoff K, Ludwig D, Stange EF, Fellermann K. Alterations in pulmonary function in inflammatory bowel disease are frequent and persist during remission. Am J Gastroenterol 2002; 97:377-81. [PMID: 11866276 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Information on the occurrence and frequency of pulmonary involvement in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is inconsistent. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the frequency and type of pulmonary dysfunction in patients with IBD. METHODS Sixty-six patients with IBD (35 with Crohn's disease [CD] and 31 with ulcerative colitis [UC]) and 30 control patients were investigated with respect to the following pulmonary function tests: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), inspiratory vital capacity (IVC), Tiffeneau value (FEV1/IVC), and lung CO transfer capacity (D(LCO)). Disease activity in IBD patients was assessed by the CD activity index for CD and the Truelove index for UC, respectively. Smoking habits and medication were documented in every patient. RESULTS Fourteen of 36 CD patients (39%) and 14 of 31 UC patients (45%) but only one of the controls exhibited at least one pathological (<80% of predicted value) pulmonary function test. In both CD and UC lung function tests were significantly decreased in comparison to the control group. This could be shown for FEV1 (-14% of predicted value in CD and -17% in UC, p < 0.01), IVC (-10% in CD and -12% in UC, p < 0.05), and DLCO (-20% in CD and -31% in UC, p < 0.01) without significant differences between both disease entities. The impairment of pulmonary function tests was more pronounced in patients with active disease than in those with inactive disease (FEV1, 81.4% vs 93.4% predicted, p < 0.02; IVC, 84.4% vs 93.7%, p < 0.05; DLCO, 80.4% vs 95.8%, ns). CONCLUSIONS IBD patients show significantly decreased lung function tests in comparison to healthy controls. The impairment in active disease exceeded that during remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Herrlinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Luebeck, Germany
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45
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Komatsu M, Kobayashi D, Saito K, Furuya D, Yagihashi A, Araake H, Tsuji N, Sakamaki S, Niitsu Y, Watanabe N. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Serum of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease as Measured by a Highly Sensitive Immuno-PCR. Clin Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/47.7.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The significance of serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is uncertain. We measured TNF-α in serum from IBD patients by immuno-PCR to analyze the relationship between TNF-α and pathophysiologic state in IBD.
Methods: Serum samples were collected from 54 healthy blood donors, 29 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC; 46 samples), and 7 patients with Crohn disease (CD; 8 samples). DNA label was generated by PCR amplification using biotinylated primer and was bound with streptavidin to biotinylated third antibody. TNF-α sandwiched by antibodies was detected by PCR amplification of the DNA label.
Results: TNF-α could be measured in all samples. The median serum concentration in IBD patients overall was ∼390-fold higher than in healthy donors (median increase, 380-fold for UC, 640-fold for CD). The median serum TNF-α concentration was 1.7-fold higher in the active stage of UC than in the inactive stage (P <0.05), and this difference could be detected in individual patients.
Conclusions: Sensitive measurement of serum TNF-α could provide an important pathophysiologic marker for the presence and activity of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Division of Laboratory Diagnosis
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Atsuhito Yagihashi
- Division of Laboratory Diagnosis
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, and
| | | | - Naoki Tsuji
- Division of Laboratory Diagnosis
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Sumio Sakamaki
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Niitsu
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Division of Laboratory Diagnosis
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, and
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46
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Herrlinger KR, Noftz MK, Fellermann K, Schmidt K, Steinhoff J, Stange EF. Minimal renal dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease is related to disease activity but not to 5-ASA use. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15:363-9. [PMID: 11207511 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00940.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflicting data exist about proteinuria in inflammatory bowel diseases. It is still unclear whether the occurrence of proteinuria in inflammatory bowel disease patients is an extra-intestinal manifestation of disease or the result of adverse effects to medication, especially to aminosalicylates (ASA). METHODS A total of 95 patients (51 with Crohn's disease and 44 with ulcerative colitis) were enrolled in the study. Disease activity was assessed by Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) or the Truelove index, respectively. Urine was collected over 24 h and protein excretion of specific marker proteins for tubular (alpha 1-microglobulin-alpha 1-MG) and glomerular (albumin-Alb, Immunoglobulin G-IgG) dysfunction was measured using a highly sensitive immunoluminometric assay. RESULTS Out of 51 Crohn's disease patients, 20 showed elevated urinary alpha 1-MG. The amount of alpha 1-MGuria was strongly correlated to the CDAI (r=0.6, P < 0.001). Only four Crohn's disease patients showed slightly elevated values for glomerular proteins in urine. Similar results were obtained for ulcerative colitis: whereas only two ulcerative colitis patients showed albuminuria, tubular proteinuria was detected in 28 out of 44 ulcerative colitis patients. Proteinuria was strongly dependent on disease activity (P < 0.01) but was not related to ASA treatment. CONCLUSIONS Proteinuria of tubular marker proteins occurs in the majority of inflammatory bowel disease patients and is related to disease activity rather than to ASA treatment. Tubular proteinuria seems to reflect a renal extra-intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease and may serve as a new relevant marker of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Herrlinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Luebeck, Germany.
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47
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Nielsen OH, Vainer B, Madsen SM, Seidelin JB, Heegaard NH. Established and emerging biological activity markers of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:359-67. [PMID: 10685736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.t01-1-01790.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), i.e., ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is done using clinical parameters and various biological disease markers. Ideally, a disease marker must: be able to identify individuals at risk of a given disorder, be disease specific, mirror the disease activity and, finally, be easily applicable for routine clinical purposes. However, no such disease markers have yet been identified for IBD. In this article, classical disease markers including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, acute phase proteins (especially orosomucoid and CRP), leukocyte and platelet counts, albumin, neopterin, and beta2-microglobulin will be reviewed together with emerging disease markers such as antibodies of the ANCA/ASCA type, cytokines (e.g., IL-1, IL-2Ralpha, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, and TNF-alpha receptors) and with various adhesion molecules. It is concluded that none of the pertinent laboratory surrogate markers of disease activity in IBD are specific or sensitive enough to replace basic clinical observation such as the number of daily bowel movements, general well-being, and other parameters in parallel. Further studies are highly warranted to identify and assess the clinical importance and applicability of new laboratory markers for the diagnosis or the disease activity of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- O H Nielsen
- Department of Medicine CF, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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48
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Hathaway CA, Appleyard CB, Percy WH, Williams JL. Experimental colitis increases blood-brain barrier permeability in rabbits. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 276:G1174-80. [PMID: 10330008 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1999.276.5.g1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease are numerous. This study examined the effects of two models of acute colitis on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and permeability of the blood-brain barrier in rabbits. CBF (measured with radiolabeled microspheres), or the extraction ratio or permeability-surface area (PS) product of the blood-brain barrier to fluorescein and FITC-dextran, was measured 48 h after colitis induction with acetic acid (HAc) or trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). PS product for fluorescein increased (P < 0.05) in TNBS colitis (1.33 x 10(-5) +/- 0.52 x 10(-5) ml/s and 0.48 x 10(-5) +/- 0.13 x 10(-5) ml/s (mean +/- SE) for treated (n = 14) and untreated (n = 10) animals, respectively. PS product for the larger FITC-dextran was not different in TNBS colitis (0.24 x 10(-5) +/- 0.09 x 10(-5) ml/s, n = 7) compared with untreated controls (0.19 x 10(-5) +/- 0.04 x 10(-5) ml/s, n = 8). PS product for fluorescein increased (P < 0.01) in HAc colitis compared with vehicle (2.66 x 10(-5) +/- 1.46 x 10(-5) ml/s and 0.33 x 10(-5) +/- 0.05 x 10(-5) ml/s, respectively; n = 6 in each group). The extraction of fluorescein from the blood to the brain increased by 75% during TNBS colitis when compared with vehicle (P < 0.05). CBF and cerebrovascular resistance did not change from the untreated control after TNBS colitis. Our data suggest that, irrespective of induction method, acute colitis increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to small molecules without changing CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Hathaway
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
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49
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Saito K, Kobayashi D, Sasaki M, Araake H, Kida T, Yagihashi A, Yajima T, Kameshima H, Watanabe N. Detection of Human Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Healthy Donors, Using a Highly Sensitive Immuno-PCR Assay. Clin Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/45.5.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is an important mediator of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Analysis of its pathophysiologic roles has been difficult because low concentrations of TNFα, including those in healthy controls, cannot be measured by existing methods.
Methods: We developed a sensitive immuno-PCR assay for the detection of TNFα in human serum. The DNA label was generated by PCR amplification using biotinylated primer and was bound with streptavidin to the biotinylated third antibody. TNFα sandwiched by antibodies was detected by amplification of the DNA label using PCR.
Results: The limit of detection of the assay was 0.001 ng/L, an ∼5 × 104-fold improvement compared with a conventional ELISA. The mean serum TNFα concentration (± SD) in healthy donors was 0.021 ± 0.044 ng/L in men (n = 29) and 0.033 ± 0.065 ng/L in women (n = 25).
Conclusion: This method may be useful for analyzing the significance of TNFα concentration in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Saito
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan
| | - Masateru Sasaki
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Araake
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan
| | - Takashi Kida
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Yagihashi
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yajima
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kameshima
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan
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50
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Tillinger W, Gasche C, Reinisch W, Lichtenberger C, Bakos S, Dejaco C, Moser G, Vogelsang H, Gangl A, Lochs H. Influence of topically and systemically active steroids on circulating leukocytes in Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1998; 93:1848-53. [PMID: 9772043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.536_e.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Budesonide, although only topically active, is effective in the treatment of Crohn's disease. This study was performed to compare the clinical efficacies of budesonide and prednisolone in relation to the activation status of circulating leukocytes. METHODS Twenty-four patients with active Crohn's disease were randomized to treatment with either budesonide or 6-methylprednisolone. Clinical response was monitored by the Crohn's disease activity index, C-reactive protein, and orosomucoid. Expression of CD25 and CD71 on T cells and CD64 on neutrophils was determined by flow cytometry. The release of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured by ELISA. RESULTS After 2 wk of treatment a clinical response was observed in both groups, but it was more accentuated in patients treated with prednisolone. At baseline an upregulation of CD71 and CD64, but not CD25, was found in active patients. Prednisolone significantly decreased the expression of CD64 and the release of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, but did not alter the expression of CD25 and CD71. Budesonide treatment failed to exert any effect on circulating leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS The inability of budesonide to downregulate activated circulating leukocytes may contribute to the somewhat lower clinical efficacy of this topical steroid in the treatment of active Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tillinger
- Clinic of Internal Medicine IV, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Vienna, Austria
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