1
|
Bahr F, Ricke-Hoch M, Ponimaskin E, Müller F. Serotonin Receptors in Myocardial Infarction: Friend or Foe? ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1619-1634. [PMID: 38573542 PMCID: PMC11027101 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and treatment costs pose a major burden on the global health care system. Despite the variety of treatment options, individual recovery can be still poor and the mortality rate, especially in the first few years after the event, remains high. Therefore, intense research is currently focused on identifying novel target molecules to improve the outcome following AMI. One of the potentially interesting targets is the serotonergic system (5-HT system), not at least because of its connection to mental disorders. It is known that patients suffering from AMI have an increased risk of developing depression and vice versa. This implicates that the 5-HT system can be affected in response to AMI and might thus represent a target structure for patients' treatment. This review aims to highlight the importance of the 5-HT system after AMI by describing the role of individual serotonin receptors (5-HTR) in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological responses. It particularly focuses on the signaling pathways of the serotonin receptors 1, 2, 4, and 7, which are expressed in the cardiovascular system, during disease onset, and the following remodeling process. This overview also emphasizes the importance of the 5-HT system in AMI etiology and highlights 5-HTRs as potential treatment targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F.S. Bahr
- Cellular
Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Ricke-Hoch
- Cardiology
and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - E. Ponimaskin
- Cellular
Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - F.E. Müller
- Cellular
Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Herr N, Bode C, Duerschmied D. The Effects of Serotonin in Immune Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:48. [PMID: 28775986 PMCID: PMC5517399 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] plays an important role in many organs as a peripheral hormone. Most of the body’s serotonin is circulating in the bloodstream, transported by blood platelets and is released upon activation. The functions of serotonin are mediated by members of the 7 known mammalian serotonin receptor subtype classes (15 known subtypes), the serotonin transporter (SERT), and by covalent binding of serotonin to different effector proteins. Almost all immune cells express at least one serotonin component. In recent years, a number of immunoregulatory functions have been ascribed to serotonin. In monocytes/macrophages, for example, serotonin modulates cytokine secretion. Serotonin can also suppress the release of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β by activating serotonin receptors. Furthermore, neutrophil recruitment and T-cell activation can both be mediated by serotonin. These are only a few of the known immunomodulatory roles of serotonin that we will review here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Herr
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramirez K, Sheridan JF. Antidepressant imipramine diminishes stress-induced inflammation in the periphery and central nervous system and related anxiety- and depressive- like behaviors. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 57:293-303. [PMID: 27223094 PMCID: PMC5010955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to relieve anxiety and depression accompanying stress, physicians resort to tricyclic antidepressants, such as imipramine. We had previously shown that imipramine reversed stress-induced social avoidance behavior, and down-regulated microglial activation 24days after stress cessation. To further characterize the effects of imipramine on stress induced neuroimmune dysregulation and associated changes in behavior, the aims of this study were to determine if imipramine 1) ameliorated stress-induced inflammation in the periphery and central nervous system, and 2) prevented stress related anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. C57BL/6 mice were treated with imipramine (15mg/kg) in their drinking water, and exposed to repeated social defeat (RSD). Imipramine attenuated stress-induced corticosterone and IL-6 responses in plasma. Imipramine decreased the percentage of monocytes and granulocytes in the bone marrow and circulation. However, imipramine did not prevent splenomegaly, stress-related increased percentage of granulocytes in this organ, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spleen, following RSD. Moreover, imipramine abrogated the accumulation of macrophages in the brain in mice exposed to RSD. Imipramine blocked neuroinflammatory signaling and prevented stress-related anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. These data support the notion that pharmacomodulation of the monoaminergic system, besides exerting anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, may have therapeutic effects as a neuroimmunomodulator during stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Ramirez
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica; Neuroscience Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - John F Sheridan
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Duerschmied D, Bode C, Ahrens I. Immune functions of platelets. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:678-91. [PMID: 25209670 DOI: 10.1160/th14-02-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This review collects evidence about immune and inflammatory functions of platelets from a clinician's point of view. A focus on clinically relevant immune functions aims at stimulating further research, because the complexity of platelet immunity is incompletely understood and not yet translated into patient care. Platelets promote chronic inflammatory reactions (e.g. in atherosclerosis), modulate acute inflammatory disorders such as sepsis and other infections (participating in the host defense against pathogens), and contribute to exacerbations of autoimmune conditions (like asthma or arthritis). It would hence be obsolete to restrict a description of platelet functions to thrombosis and haemostasis--platelets clearly are the most abundant cells with immune functions in the circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Duerschmied
- Daniel Duerschmied, MD, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, Tel.: +49 761 207 34410, Fax: +49 761 270 37855, E-mail:
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Platelet serotonin promotes the recruitment of neutrophils to sites of acute inflammation in mice. Blood 2012; 121:1008-15. [PMID: 23243271 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-437392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of peripheral serotonin is stored in platelets, which secrete it on activation. Serotonin releases Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) and we asked whether absence of platelet serotonin affects neutrophil recruitment in inflammatory responses. Tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph)1–deficient mice, lacking non-neuronal serotonin, showed mild leukocytosis compared with wild-type (WT), primarily driven by an elevated neutrophil count. Despite this, 50% fewer leukocytes rolled on unstimulated mesenteric venous endothelium of Tph1(-/-) mice. The velocity of rolling leukocytes was higher in Tph1(-/-) mice, indicating fewer selectin-mediated interactions with endothelium. Stimulation of endothelium with histamine, a secretagogue of WPBs, or injection of serotonin normalized the rolling in Tph1(-/-) mice. Diminished rolling in Tph1(-/-) mice resulted in reduced firm adhesion of leukocytes after lipopolysaccharide treatment. Blocking platelet serotonin uptake with fluoxetine in WT mice reduced serum serotonin by > 80% and similarly reduced leukocyte rolling and adhesion. Four hours after inflammatory stimulation, neutrophil extravasation into lung, peritoneum, and skin wounds was reduced in Tph1(-/-) mice, whereas in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis was independent of serotonin. Survival of lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic shock was improved in Tph1(-/-) mice. In conclusion, platelet serotonin promotes the recruitment of neutrophils in acute inflammation, supporting an important role for platelet serotonin in innate immunity.
Collapse
|
7
|
Prachařová L, Okénková K, Lojek A, Číž M. Serotonin and its 5-HT2 receptor agonist DOI hydrochloride inhibit the oxidative burst in total leukocytes but not in isolated neutrophils. Life Sci 2010; 86:518-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
8
|
Číž M, Komrsková D, Prachařová L, Okénková K, Čížová H, Moravcová A, Jančinová V, Petríková M, Lojek A, Nosáľ R. Serotonin modulates the oxidative burst of human phagocytes via various mechanisms. Platelets 2009; 18:583-90. [DOI: 10.1080/09537100701471865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
9
|
Maleki N, Nayebi AM, Garjani A. Effects of central and peripheral depletion of serotonergic system on carrageenan-induced paw oedema. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 5:1723-30. [PMID: 16102522 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Revised: 02/11/2005] [Accepted: 05/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of serotonergic system was investigated on peripheral inflammation induced by intraplantary injection of carrageenan. Para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) was administered intracerebroventriculary (50, 100 microg/rat) or intraperitoneally (150 mg/kg, 3 days) and 2 or 24 h later, respectively, inflammation was induced by injection of carrageenan. Paw oedema was decreased significantly in PCPA-treated (100 microg/rat, i.c.v.) rats compared to control groups. Injection of exogenous serotonin (i.c.v.) by dose of 0.70 nmol/10 microl/rat, but not the dose of 0.35 nmol/10 microl/rat, 15 min after induction of inflammation completely reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of PCPA. Myeloperoxidase activity in inflamed paws was reduced significantly in groups received PCPA (either i.c.v. or i.p.) compared to controls. Exogenous serotonin (0.70 nmol/10 microl/rat) reduced inflammatory response when injected (i.c.v.) 30 min before or 30 min after the induction of inflammation. Injection of serotonin at the time of induction of inflammation had no inflammatory/anti-inflammatory effect. These results suggest that serotonin, as a neurotransmitter in central nervous system, may be involved in modulating peripheral inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Maleki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
There is some evidence that major depression is accompanied by activation of the inflammatory-response system (IRS). It has been hypothesized that increased production of proinflammatory cytokines may play a role in the etiology of major depression. If increased production of proinflammatory cytokines is at all involved in the etiology of depression, one would expect antidepressive treatments to have negative immunoregulatory effects. This paper reviews the effects of antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), heterocyclic antidepressants (HCAs), serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), lithium, l-5-hydroxytroptophan (L-5-HTP), reversible inhibitors of MAO-A (RIMA) on the production of proinflammatory cytokines, e.g. interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), and negative immunoregulatory cytokines and agents, e.g. interleukin-10 (IL-10). In depressed patients, prolonged treatment with antidepressants and mood stabilizers normalizes signs of activation of the IRS, such as increased serum IL-6 and acute phase protein concentrations. In vitro, it has been shown that various types of antidepressive drugs, including TCAs (imipramine; clomipramine); SSRIs (citalopram, fluoxetine, sertraline); lithium; SNRIs (venlafaxine); HCAs (trazodone); RIMAs (moclobemide) and L-5-HTP significantly suppress the ratio of IFNgamma/IL-10 production by peripheral blood immunocytes. These antidepressant drugs appear to have a common effect on the IRS, i.e. in vitro they increase the production of IL-10 by peripheral blood leukocytes. Thus, the results suggest that antidepressants have negative immunoregulatory effects. It may be speculated that antidepressants exert some of their antidepressant effects through their negative immunoregulatory capacities. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Clinical Research Centre for Mental Health, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kubera M, Simbirtsev A, Mathison R, Maes M. Effects of repeated fluoxetine and citalopram administration on cytokine release in C57BL/6 mice. Psychiatry Res 2000; 96:255-66. [PMID: 11084221 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1781(00)00184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the effects of repeated administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), fluoxetine and citalopram (10 mg/kg, i.p.), on immunoreactivity in C57BL/6 mice. Immune functions were evaluated by the ability of splenocytes to reduce a tetrazolium salt to formazan (MTT test), to proliferate, and to produce cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and interferon gamma (IFN gamma). Citalopram administered for 1, 2 and 4 weeks stimulates the proliferative activity of splenocytes and suppresses their ability to secrete the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4. Fluoxetine administration for 1 and 2 weeks, but not 4 weeks, stimulates the proliferative activity of splenocytes, whereas a 4-week administration of fluoxetine suppresses the secretion of IL-4. Four weeks of prolonged administration of citalopram and fluoxetine induces a significant increase in the production of IL-6 and IL-10, a cytokine with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities. The results show that, in C57BL/6 mice, the immunomodulatory effects of SSRIs depend on the SSRI used and the duration of administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kubera
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smêtna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Song C. The interaction between cytokines and neurotransmitters in depression and stress: possible mechanism of antidepressant treatments. Hum Psychopharmacol 2000; 15:199-211. [PMID: 12404333 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1077(200004)15:3<199::aid-hup163>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
No Abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai Song
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marcusson JA, Cederbrant K, Gunnarsson LG. Serotonin production in lymphocytes and mercury intolerance. Toxicol In Vitro 2000; 14:133-7. [PMID: 10793291 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(00)00008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with suspected illness due to mercury in dental amalgam were classified as tolerant or intolerant depending on their psychosomatic responses following in vivo epicutaneous provocation with low doses (patch test doses) of metallic mercury and phenylmercuric acetate. Ten intolerant patients and nine tolerant patients plus seven healthy amalgam-free and metal non-allergic controls were recruited to the study. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were exposed in vitro to three concentration of mercuric chloride (0.92, 1.83 and 3.68 microM) with and without 10 microg phytohaemagglutinine (PHA)/ml and the release of serotonin into the supernatant was measured. Lymphocytes exposed only to HgCl(2) showed no significant dose-dependent increase of serotonin, but the response of the tolerant patients was significantly higher compared with the controls. No other differences were found. Co-culture with mercuric chloride and PHA showed a statistically significant dose-dependant release of serotonin, but no differences between the three clinical groups could be detected. Thus, our results could not validate the concept of mercury tolerance and intolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Marcusson
- Department of Dermatology, Haukelands Sykehus, Postboks 1, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maes M. Major depression and activation of the inflammatory response system. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1999; 461:25-46. [PMID: 10442165 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-585-37970-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Maes
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Health (CRC-MH) Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Neptune ER, Bourne HR. Receptors induce chemotaxis by releasing the betagamma subunit of Gi, not by activating Gq or Gs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:14489-94. [PMID: 9405640 PMCID: PMC25031 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.26.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chemoattractants cause chemotaxis of leukocytes by stimulating a structurally distinct class of G protein-coupled receptors. To identify receptor functions required for chemotaxis, we studied chemotaxis in HEK293 cells transfected with receptors for nonchemokine ligands or for interleukin 8 (IL-8), a classical chemokine. In gradients of the appropriate agonist, three nonchemokine Gi-coupled receptors (the D2 dopamine receptor and opioid mu and delta receptors) mediated chemotaxis; the beta2-adrenoreceptor and the M3-muscarinic receptor, which couple respectively to Gs and Gq, did not mediate chemotaxis. A mutation deleting 31 C-terminal amino acids from the IL-8 receptor type B quantitatively impaired chemotaxis and agonist-induced receptor internalization, but not inhibition of adenylyl cyclase or stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. To probe the possible relation between receptor internalization and chemotaxis, we used two agonists of the mu-opioid receptor. Morphine and etorphine elicited quantitatively similar chemotaxis, but only etorphine induced receptor internalization. Overexpression of two betagamma sequestering proteins (betaARK-ct and alphat) prevented IL-8 receptor type B-mediated chemotaxis but did not affect inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by IL-8. We conclude that: (i) Nonchemokine Gi-coupled receptors can mediate chemotaxis. (ii) Gi activation is necessary but probably not sufficient for chemotaxis. (iii) Chemotaxis does not require receptor internalization. (iv) Chemotaxis requires the release of free betagamma subunits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E R Neptune
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Smejkal-Jagar L, Boranić M. Serotonin, serotoninergic agents and their antagonists suppress humoral immune reaction in vitro. RESEARCH IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE GESAMTE EXPERIMENTELLE MEDIZIN EINSCHLIESSLICH EXPERIMENTELLER CHIRURGIE 1994; 194:297-304. [PMID: 7855445 DOI: 10.1007/bf02576391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT), its derivative 5-methoxy-tryptamine (MeOT) and ergot-alkaloid dihydroergosine (DHESN) suppressed the immune reaction of mouse spleen cells against sheep erythrocytes in vitro (PFC assay). Ketanserin and propranolol, antagonists of 5-HT, also caused suppression. However, cells incubated with propranolol 20 min before 5-HT or MeOT produced as many plaques as the non-treated cells. Preincubation with ketanserin resulted in similar interference, but the reversal was not complete. It is concluded that serotonin and related agents probably affect several types of immunocompetent cells participating in successive stages of the PFC reaction. The antagonists probably interfered via 5-HT receptors, adrenergic receptors or both. Immunosuppression observed with serotoninergic agents and their antagonists draws attention to possible side effects of such drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Smejkal-Jagar
- Department of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Rudjer Bosković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | |
Collapse
|