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Cong X, Zhang J, Sun R, Pu Y. Short-term ambient particulate air pollution exposure, microRNAs, blood pressure and lung function. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118387. [PMID: 34673158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate air pollution is a risk factor for cardiovascular and respiratory disease, yet the biological mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. The current study aimed to investigate the mediation role of microRNAs on the association between personal PM2.5 exposure and blood pressure and lung function. One hundred and twenty adults (60 truck drivers and 60 office workers) aged 18-46 years were assessed on the June 15, 2008 and at follow-up (1- to 2-weeks later). MicroRNAs were extracted from the peripheral blood samples. Compared to truck drivers, there is a significant increase in FEF25-75, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC and a decrease in PM2.5 in office workers (all p < 0.05). According to the Bonferroni corrected threshold p-value < 6.81 × 10-5 (0.05/734) used, personal PM2.5 data showed a significant positive association with miR-644 after the adjustment for age, BMI, smoking status, and habitual alcohol use. The mediation effect of miR-644 on the association between personal PM2.5 exposure and FEF25-75 [B (95%CI) = -1.342 (-2.810, -0.113)], PEF [B (95%CI) = -1.793 (-3.926, -0.195)], and FEV1/FVC [B (95%CI) = -0.119‰ (-0.224‰, -0.026‰)] was significant only for truck drivers after the adjustment for covariates. There were no similar associations with blood pressure. These results demonstrate microRNAs to potentially mediate association of PM2.5 with lung function. Subsequent studies are needed to further elucidate the potential mechanisms of action by which the mediation effect of microRNAs is achieved with this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Cong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
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Amoabeng Nti AA, Robins TG, Mensah JA, Dwomoh D, Kwarteng L, Takyi SA, Acquah A, Basu N, Batterman S, Fobil JN. Personal exposure to particulate matter and heart rate variability among informal electronic waste workers at Agbogbloshie: a longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2161. [PMID: 34823492 PMCID: PMC8613947 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Informal electronic waste recycling activities are major contributors to ambient air pollution, yet studies assessing the effects or relationship between direct/continuous exposure of informal e-waste workers to particulate matter and cardiovascular function are rare. METHODS Repeated measurements of fractions of PM2.5, PM10-2.5, and PM10 in personal air of informal e-waste workers, (n = 142) and a comparable group (n = 65) were taken over a period of 20 months (March 2017 to November, 2018). Concurrently, 5-min resting electrocardiogram was performed on each participant to assess resting heart rate variability indices. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the association between PM fractions and cardiac function. RESULTS SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF and LH/HF ratio were all associated with PM. Significant associations were observed for PM2.5 and Mean NN (p = 0.039), PM10 and SDNN (p = 0.035) and PM 10-2.5 and LH/HF (p = 0.039). A 10 μg/m3 increase in the concentrations of PM 2.5, PM10-2.5, and PM10 in personal air was associated with reduced HRV indices and increased resting HR. A 10 μg/m3 per interquartile (IQR) increase in PM10-2.5 and PM10, decreased SDNN by 11% [(95% CI: - 0.002- 0.000); (p = 0.187)] and 34% [(95% CI: - 0.002-0.001); (p = 0.035)] respectively. However, PM2.5 increased SDNN by 34% (95% CI: - 1.32-0.64); (p = 0.493). Also, 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10-2.5 and PM10 decreased RMSSD by 27% [(- 1.34-0.79); (p = 0.620)], 11% [(- 1.73, 0.95); (p = 0.846)] and 0.57% [(- 1.56-0.46); (p = 0.255%)]. CONCLUSION Informal e-waste workers are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease from cardiac autonomic dysfunction as seen in reduced HRV and increased heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afua A. Amoabeng Nti
- grid.8652.90000 0004 1937 1485Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG13, Accra, Ghana
| | - Thomas G. Robins
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - John Arko Mensah
- grid.8652.90000 0004 1937 1485Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG13, Accra, Ghana
| | - Duah Dwomoh
- grid.8652.90000 0004 1937 1485Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG13, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lawrencia Kwarteng
- grid.8652.90000 0004 1937 1485Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG13, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sylvia A. Takyi
- grid.8652.90000 0004 1937 1485Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG13, Accra, Ghana
| | - Augustine Acquah
- grid.8652.90000 0004 1937 1485Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG13, Accra, Ghana
| | - Niladri Basu
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Stuart Batterman
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Julius N. Fobil
- grid.8652.90000 0004 1937 1485Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG13, Accra, Ghana
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Cole-Hunter T, Dhingra R, Fedak KM, Good N, L'Orange C, Luckasen G, Mehaffy J, Walker E, Wilson A, Balmes J, Brook RD, Clark ML, Devlin RB, Volckens J, Peel JL. Short-term differences in cardiac function following controlled exposure to cookstove air pollution: The subclinical tests on volunteers exposed to smoke (STOVES) study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106254. [PMID: 33221594 PMCID: PMC7775898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to household air pollution from solid fuel combustion for cooking and heating is an important risk factor for premature death and disability worldwide. Current evidence supports an association of ambient air pollution with cardiovascular disease but is limited for household air pollution and for cardiac function. Controlled exposure studies can complement evidence provided by field studies. OBJECTIVES To investigate effects of short-term, controlled exposures to emissions from five cookstoves on measures of cardiac function. METHODS Forty-eight healthy adults (46% female; 20-36 years) participated in six, 2-h exposures ('treatments'), including emissions from five cookstoves and a filtered-air control. Target fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure-concentrations per treatment were: control, 0 µg/m3; liquefied petroleum gas, 10 µg/m3; gasifier, 35 µg/m3; fan rocket, 100 µg/m3; rocket elbow, 250 µg/m3; and three stone fire, 500 µg/m3. Participants were treated in a set (pre-randomized) sequence as groups of 4 to minimize order bias and time-varying confounders. Heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiac repolarization metrics were calculated as 5-min means immediately and at 3 h following treatment, for analysis in linear mixed-effects models comparing cookstove to control. RESULTS Short-term differences in SDNN (standard deviation of duration of all NN intervals) and VLF (very-low frequency power) existed for several cookstoves compared to control. While all cookstoves compared to control followed a similar trend for SDNN, the greatest effect was seen immediately following three stone fire (β = -0.13 ms {%}; 95% confidence interval = -0.22, -0.03%), which reversed in direction at 3 h (0.03%; -0.06, 0.13%). VLF results were similar in direction and timing to SDNN; however, other HRV or cardiac repolarization results were not similar to those for SDNN. DISCUSSION We observed some evidence of short-term, effects on HRV immediately following cookstove treatments compared to control. Our results suggest that cookstoves with lower PM2.5 emissions are potentially capable of affecting cardiac function, similar to stoves emitting higher PM2.5 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cole-Hunter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Centre for Air Pollution, Energy, and Health Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Radhika Dhingra
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, NC, USA; Environmental Public Health Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristen M Fedak
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Good
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Christian L'Orange
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - John Mehaffy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ethan Walker
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John Balmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maggie L Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert B Devlin
- Environmental Public Health Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Leng J, Peruluswami P, Bari S, Gaur S, Radparvar F, Parvez F, Chen Y, Flores C, Gany F. South Asian Health: Inflammation, Infection, Exposure, and the Human Microbiome. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 21:26-36. [PMID: 28952002 PMCID: PMC5871532 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-017-0652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the literature review conducted for the working group topic on inflammation, infection, exposure, and the human microbiome. Infection and chronic inflammation can elevate risk for cardiovascular disease and cancer. Environmental exposures common among South Asian (SA) subgroups, such as arsenic exposure among Bangladeshis and particulate matter air pollution among taxi drivers, also pose risks. This review explores the effects of exposure to arsenic and particulate matter, as well as other infections common among SAs, including human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B/C infection. Emerging research on the human microbiome, and the effect of microbiome changes on obesity and diabetes risk among SAs are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Leng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Immigrant Health and Cancer Disparities Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 485 Lexington Avenue, 2nd Floor, New York, NY, 10017, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ponni Peruluswami
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai Medical Center, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sehrish Bari
- The Earth Institute, Columbia University, 2910 Broadway, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sunanda Gaur
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, South Asian Total Health Initiative, Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Farshid Radparvar
- Cardiology Department, Queens Hospital Center, 82-68 164th Street, Jamaica, New York, NY, USA
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 722 W 168th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Flores
- The Warren Alpert Medical School, The Brown Human Rights Asylum Clinic (BHRAC), Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Francesca Gany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Immigrant Health and Cancer Disparities Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 485 Lexington Avenue, 2nd Floor, New York, NY, 10017, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
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Stanković A, Bogdanović D, Nikolić M, Anđelković Apostolović M. Does short-term air pollution exposure have effects on blood pressure and heart rate in healthy women in the city of Niš, Serbia? Cent Eur J Public Health 2019; 26:310-315. [PMID: 30660143 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological research has shown that air pollution is associated with cardiovascular events, but little is known about short-term effects on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in Serbian population. The present study assessed the short-term association between black smoke (BS) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) levels in urban air and the daily values of blood pressure and heart rate in 98 healthy nonsmoking female volunteers. METHODS Generalized regression model was fitted controlling for temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, season, and the day of the week. RESULTS There was no association between short-term air pollution exposure and BP and HR, the exposure showed a tendency toward a decrease of diastolic BP and HR, but with no statistical significance. CONCLUSION The present findings did not support the conclusion that current levels of ambient BS and SO2 may have an effect on blood pressure and heart rate in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stanković
- Department of Hygiene, Medical Ecology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.,Centre for Hygiene and Human Ecology, Public Health Institute Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Dragan Bogdanović
- Department for Biomedical Science, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia.,Centre for Informatics and Biostatistics in Health Care, Public Health Institute Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Maja Nikolić
- Department of Hygiene, Medical Ecology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.,Centre for Hygiene and Human Ecology, Public Health Institute Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Marija Anđelković Apostolović
- Centre for Informatics and Biostatistics in Health Care, Public Health Institute Nis, Nis, Serbia.,Department for Informatics and Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
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Ambient and controlled exposures to particulate air pollution and acute changes in heart rate variability and repolarization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1946. [PMID: 30760868 PMCID: PMC6374365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported increased risks of myocardial infarction in association with elevated ambient particulate matter (PM) in the previous hour(s). However, whether PM can trigger mechanisms that act on this time scale is still unclear. We hypothesized that increases in PM are associated with rapid changes in measures of heart rate variability and repolarization. We used data from panel studies in Augsburg, Germany, and Rochester, New York, USA, and two controlled human exposure studies in Rochester. Data included ECG recordings from all four studies, controlled exposures to (concentrated) ultrafine particles (UFP; particles with an aerodynamic diameter <100 nm) and ambient concentrations of UFP and fine PM (PM2.5, aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm). Factor analysis identified three representative ECG parameters: standard deviation of NN-intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and T-wave complexity. Associations between air pollutants and ECG parameters in the concurrent and previous six hours were estimated using additive mixed models adjusting for long- and short-term time trends, meteorology, and study visit number. We found decreases in SDNN in relation to increased exposures to UFP in the previous five hours in both of the panel studies (e.g. Augsburg study, lag 3 hours: −2.26%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.98% to −0.53%; Rochester panel study, lag 1 hour: −2.69%; 95% CI: −5.13% to −0.26%) and one of the two controlled human exposure studies (1-hour lag: −13.22%; 95% CI: −24.11% to −2.33%). Similarly, we observed consistent decreases in SDNN and RMSSD in association with elevated PM2.5 concentrations in the preceding six hours in both panel studies. We did not find consistent associations between particle metrics and T-wave complexity. This study provided consistent evidence that recent exposures to UFP and PM2.5 can induce acute pathophysiological responses.
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Jia X, Yang X, Hu D, Dong W, Yang F, Liu Q, Li H, Pan L, Shan J, Niu W, Wu S, Deng F, Guo X. Short-term effects of particulate matter in metro cabin on heart rate variability in young healthy adults: Impacts of particle size and source. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:292-298. [PMID: 30077927 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metro system has become popular in urban areas. However, short-term effects of size-fractionated particulate matter (PM) on cardiac autonomic function in metro system remain unexplored. OBJECTIVES To explore the contribution of ambient PM to in-cabin PM and investigate the short-term effects of exposure to size-fractionated PM and black carbon (BC) in metro system on cardiac autonomic function in young healthy adults. METHODS Thirty nine young healthy adults were asked to travel in metro system during 9:00-13:00 on a weekends between March and May 2017. We performed continuous ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring for each of them, and measured real-time size-fractionated PM, BC, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, carbon dioxide, ozone, noise, temperature and relative humidity in metro cabin. We also collected the data of ambient PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm) concentrations in Beijing. Linear regression model was used to estimate the infiltration factor of ambient PM2.5 to assess the relationship between metro cabin PM and ambient PM. Mixed-effects model was used to estimate the associations between changes in HRV parameters and PM0.5 (aerodynamic diameter < 0.5 µm), PM0.5-2.5 (aerodynamic diameter between 0.5 µm and 2.5 µm), PM2.5-10 (aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 µm and 10 µm), and BC, respectively. RESULTS We found that size-fractionated PM in metro systems were significantly associated with HRV parameters. Per IQR (interquartile range) increase in PM0.5 (1.6*107/m3) in 1-h moving average concentration was associated with a 13.96% (95% CI: - 18.99%, - 8.61%) decrease in SDNN (standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals). Similar inverse associations were found between size-fractionated PM exposure and LF (low frequency power), HF (high frequency power), respectively, and smaller particles had greater effects on HRV parameters at shorter lag time. Sex of participants modified the adverse associations between size-fractionated PM and HRV. An IQR of 1-h PM0.5 increasing was associated with a decrease of 6.05% (95% CI: - 22.87%, - 14.44%) in males and a 34.87% (95% CI: - 49.59%, - 15.85%) in females in LF (P for interaction = 0.026). The infiltration factor of ambient PM2.5 was 0.39 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.45). It is estimated that PM2.5 originated from ambient air may account for 20.2% of the PM measured in metro cabin. Per IQR increase in BC (5.5 μg/m3) in 5-min, 1-h, and 2-h moving averages, a primary tracer for ambient PM from combustion source, was associated with decreases of 0.84% (95% CI: - 1.20%, - 0.47%), 2.22% (95% CI: - 3.20%, - 1.22%), and 4.44% (95% CI: - 6.28%, - 2.56%) in SDNN, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to PM may disturb metro commuter's cardiac autonomic function, and the potential effects depend on the size of PM and the sex of commuters. Ambient PM from combustion source may have adverse effects on the cardiac autonomic function of passengers in cabin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dayu Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lu Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiao Shan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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Abstract
Traffic-related particulate matter (PM) is a major source of outdoor air pollution worldwide. It has been recently hypothesized to cause cardiometabolic syndrome, including cardiovascular dysfunction, obesity, and diabetes. The environmental and toxicological factors involved in the processes, and the detailed mechanisms remain to be explored. The objective of this study is to assess the current scientific evidence of traffic-related PM-induced cardiometabolic syndrome. We conducted a literature review by searching the keywords of “traffic related air pollution”, “particulate matter”, “human health”, and “metabolic syndrome” from 1980 to 2018. This resulted in 25 independent research studies for the final review. Both epidemiological and toxicological findings reveal consistent correlations between traffic-related PM exposure and the measured cardiometabolic health endpoints. Smaller sizes of PM, particularly ultrafine particles, are shown to be more harmful due to their greater concentrations, reactive compositions, longer lung retention, and bioavailability. The active components in traffic-related PM could be attributed to metals, black carbon, elemental carbon, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and diesel exhaust particles. Existing evidence points out that the development of cardiometabolic symptoms can occur through chronic systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress. The elderly (especially for women), children, genetically susceptible individuals, and people with pre-existing conditions are identified as vulnerable groups. To advance the characterization of the potential health risks of traffic-related PM, additional research is needed to investigate the detailed chemical compositions of PM constituents, atmospheric transformations, and the mode of action to induce adverse health effects. Furthermore, we recommend that future studies could explore the roles of genetic and epigenetic factors in influencing cardiometabolic health outcomes by integrating multi-omics approaches (e.g., genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics) to provide a comprehensive assessment of biological perturbations caused by traffic-related PM.
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Newell K, Kartsonaki C, Lam KBH, Kurmi OP. Cardiorespiratory health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Planet Health 2017; 1:e368-e380. [PMID: 29851649 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(17)30166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most prospective studies on the health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure have focused on high-income countries, which have much lower pollutant concentrations than low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and different sources of pollution. We aimed to investigate the cardiorespiratory health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure in LMICs exclusively. METHODS For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, Global Health, and Proquest for studies published between database inception and Nov 28, 2016, investigating the cardiorespiratory health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure in LMICs. Data were extracted from published studies by one author, and then checked and verified by all authors independently. We pooled estimates by pollutant type (particulate matter with a diameter of <2·5 μm [PM2·5] or 2·5-10 μm [PM10]), lag, and outcome, and presented them as excess relative risk per 10 μg/m3 increase in particulate ambient air pollution. We used a random-effects model to derive overall excess risk. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016051733. FINDINGS Of 1553 studies identified, 91 met the full eligibility criteria. Only four long-term exposure studies from China were identified and not included in the meta-analysis. A 10 μg/m3 increase in same-day PM2·5 was associated with a 0·47% (95% CI 0·34-0·61) increase in cardiovascular mortality and a 0·57% (0·28-0·86) increase in respiratory mortality. A 10 μg/m3 increase in same-day PM10 was associated with a 0·27% (0·11-0·44) increase in cardiovascular mortality and a 0·56% (0·24-0·87) increase in respiratory mortality. INTERPRETATION Short-term exposure to particulate ambient air pollution is associated with increases in cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality in LMIC's, with apparent regional-specific variations. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Newell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kin Bong Hubert Lam
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Om P Kurmi
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Step On It! Workplace Cardiovascular Risk Assessment of New York City Yellow Taxi Drivers. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 18:118-34. [PMID: 25680879 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-015-0170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple factors associated with taxi driving can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in taxi drivers. This paper describes the results of Step On It!, which assessed CVD risk factors among New York City taxi drivers at John F. Kennedy International Airport. Drivers completed an intake questionnaire and free screenings for blood pressure, glucose and body mass index (BMI). 466 drivers participated. 9 % had random plasma glucose values >200 mg/dl. 77 % had elevated BMIs. Immigrants who lived in the US for >10 years had 2.5 times the odds (CI 1.1-5.9) of having high blood pressure compared to newer immigrants. Abnormalities documented in this study were significant, especially for immigrants with greater duration of residence in the US, and underscore the potential for elevated CVD risk in this vulnerable population, and the need to address this risk through frameworks that utilize multiple levels of intervention.
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Tirosh E, Schnell I. The relationship between ambient carbon monoxide and heart rate variability-a systematic world review-2015. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:21157-21164. [PMID: 27623853 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this report is to systematically review the literature pertaining to the evidence of the relationship between environmental carbon monoxide (CO) and heart rate variability (HRV). For this purpose, reports published in English scientific journals were critically reviewed by the authors employing PRISMA guidelines. Fifteen studies performed in China, Finland, Israel, Mexico, Taiwan, and the USA were identified as eligible to be included in the review. Out of these, 10 studies found a significant relationship between CO and HRV. However, while a proportion of these studies found an increase in parasympathetic tone, other studies found an increase in sympathetic tone. Methodological differences across these studies, including population understudy, sample size, measurement techniques, and accounting for intervening variables do not pave the way for a consensual conclusion. In conclusion, the lack of consistent results on the relationship between CO and HRV as reflected by the present review calls for more research employing appropriate indoor and outdoor ecological designs that account for possible interaction effects and individual differences. Involvement of olfactory receptors is suggested as a possible underlying mechanism for both short response latencies as well as for the diversity between individuals and samples investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Tirosh
- Bnei Zion Medical Center, Technion Medical School, Haifa, Israel
| | - Izhak Schnell
- Geography and Human Environment Department, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Buteau S, Goldberg MS. A structured review of panel studies used to investigate associations between ambient air pollution and heart rate variability. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 148:207-247. [PMID: 27085495 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system is one of the postulated pathways linking short-term exposure to air pollution to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. A hypothesis is that exposure to air pollution decreases heart rate variability, a recognized independent predictor of poorer cardiovascular prognosis. METHODS We conducted a structured review of panel studies published between 1946 and July 2015 of the association between ambient air pollution and parameters of heart rate variability reflecting autonomic nervous function. We focused on exposure to mass concentrations of fine particles (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), and four commonly used indices of heart rate variability (HRV): standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN); root mean square of successive differences in adjacent normal-to-normal intervals (RMSSD); high frequency power (HF); and low frequency power (LF). We searched bibliographic databases and references of identified articles and abstracted characteristics of their design and conduct, and synthesized the quantitative findings in graphic form according to health condition of the study population and the functional form of the HRV indices used in the regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 33 panel studies were included: 31, 12, and 13 studies were used to investigate ambient exposure to PM2.5, NO2 and O3, respectively. We found substantial variation across studies in terms of design characteristics and statistical methodologies, and we identified some studies that may have had methodological and statistical issues. Because many panel studies were not comparable to each other, meta-analyses were not generally possible, although we were able to pool the results obtained amongst older adults who had cardiovascular disease for the 24-h average concentrations of PM2.5 prior to the heart rate variability measurements. In studies of PM2.5 among older adults with cardiovascular disease, logarithmic transformations of the HRV indices were used in ten studies. Negative associations across all HRV indices were found in 60-86% of these studies for periods of exposures ranging from 5-min to 5-days. The pooled percent changes for an increase of 10μg/m(3) in the 24-h prior to the measurements of HRV were: -2.11% for SDNN (95% confidence interval (95%CI): -4.00, -0.23%), -3.29% for RMSSD (95%CI: -6.32, -0.25%), -4.76% for LF (95%CI: -12.10, 2.58%), and -1.74% for HF (95%CI: -7.79, 4.31%). No transformations were used in seven studies of PM2.5 among older adults with cardiovascular disease, and we found for absolute differences pooled changes in the HRV indices, for an increase of 10μg/m(3), of -0.31ms for SDNN (95%CI: -1.02, 0.41ms) and -1.22ms for RMSSD (95%CI: -2.37; -0.07ms). For gaseous pollutants, negative associations over periods of exposure ranging from 5-min or to 5-days prior to the heart rate variability measurements were reported in 71-83% of studies of NO2 and 57-100% of studies of O3, depending of the indices of heart rate variability. However, many of these studies had statistical or methodological issues, and in the few studies without these issues the confidence intervals were relatively wide and mostly included the null. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION We were not persuaded by the results that there was an association between PM2.5 and any of the four indices of heart rate variability. For NO2 and O3 the number of high-quality studies was insufficient to draw any definite conclusions. Further panel studies with improved design and methodologies are needed to help establish or refute an association between ambient exposure to air pollution and heart rate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Buteau
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut national de sante publique du Quebec (INSPQ), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Cole-Hunter T, Weichenthal S, Kubesch N, Foraster M, Carrasco-Turigas G, Bouso L, Martínez D, Westerdahl D, de Nazelle A, Nieuwenhuijsen M. Impact of traffic-related air pollution on acute changes in cardiac autonomic modulation during rest and physical activity: a cross-over study. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2016; 26:133-140. [PMID: 26486990 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2015.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
People are often exposed to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) during physical activity (PA), but it is not clear if PA modifies the impact of TRAP on cardiac autonomic modulation. We conducted a panel study among 28 healthy adults in Barcelona, Spain to examine how PA may modify the impact of TRAP on cardiac autonomic regulation. Participants completed four 2-h exposure scenarios that included either rest or intermittent exercise in high- and low-traffic environments. Time- and frequency-domain measures of heart rate variability (HRV) were monitored during each exposure period along with continuous measures of TRAP. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the impact of TRAP on HRV as well as potential effect modification by PA. Exposure to TRAP was associated with consistent decreases in HRV; however, exposure-response relationships were not always linear over the broad range of exposures. For example, each 10 μg/m(3) increase in black carbon was associated with a 23% (95% CI: -31, -13) decrease in high frequency power at the low-traffic site, whereas no association was observed at the high-traffic site. PA modified the impact of TRAP on HRV at the high-traffic site and tended to weaken inverse associations with measures reflecting parasympathetic modulation (P ≤ 0.001). Evidence of effect modification at the low-traffic site was less consistent. The strength and direction of the relationship between TRAP and HRV may vary across exposure gradients. PA may modify the impact of TRAP on HRV, particularly at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cole-Hunter
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nadine Kubesch
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Foraster
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glòria Carrasco-Turigas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Bouso
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Martínez
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dane Westerdahl
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Audrey de Nazelle
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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Stapleton PA, Abukabda AB, Hardy SL, Nurkiewicz TR. Xenobiotic pulmonary exposure and systemic cardiovascular response via neurological links. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1609-20. [PMID: 26386111 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00546.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular response to xenobiotic particle exposure has been increasingly studied over the last two decades, producing an extraordinary scope and depth of research findings. With the flourishing of nanotechnology, the term "xenobiotic particles" has expanded to encompass not only air pollution particulate matter (PM) but also anthropogenic particles, such as engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Historically, the majority of research in these fields has focused on pulmonary exposure and the adverse physiological effects associated with a host inflammatory response or direct particle-tissue interactions. Because these hypotheses can neither account entirely for the deleterious cardiovascular effects of xenobiotic particle exposure nor their time course, the case for substantial neurological involvement is apparent. Indeed, considerable evidence suggests that not only is neural involvement a significant contributor but also a reality that needs to be investigated more thoroughly when assessing xenobiotic particle toxicities. Therefore, the scope of this review is several-fold. First, we provide a brief overview of the major anatomical components of the central and peripheral nervous systems, giving consideration to the potential biologic targets affected by inhaled particles. Second, the autonomic arcs and mechanisms that may be involved are reviewed. Third, the cardiovascular outcomes following neurological responses are discussed. Lastly, unique problems, future risks, and hurdles associated with xenobiotic particle exposure are discussed. A better understanding of these neural issues may facilitate research that in conjunction with existing research, will ultimately prevent the untoward cardiovascular outcomes associated with PM exposures and/or identify safe ENMs for the advancement of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe A Stapleton
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Alaeddin B Abukabda
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Steven L Hardy
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Timothy R Nurkiewicz
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Mirowsky J, Gordon T. Noninvasive effects measurements for air pollution human studies: methods, analysis, and implications. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2015; 25:354-80. [PMID: 25605444 PMCID: PMC6659729 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2014.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure studies, compared with cell and animal models, are heavily relied upon to study the associations between health effects in humans and air pollutant inhalation. Human studies vary in exposure methodology, with some work conducted in controlled settings, whereas other studies are conducted in ambient environments. Human studies can also vary in the health metrics explored, as there exists a myriad of health effect end points commonly measured. In this review, we compiled mini reviews of the most commonly used noninvasive health effect end points that are suitable for panel studies of air pollution, broken into cardiovascular end points, respiratory end points, and biomarkers of effect from biological specimens. Pertinent information regarding each health end point and the suggested methods for mobile collection in the field are assessed. In addition, the clinical implications for each health end point are summarized, along with the factors identified that can modify each measurement. Finally, the important research findings regarding each health end point and air pollutant exposures were reviewed. It appeared that most of the adverse health effects end points explored were found to positively correlate with pollutant levels, although differences in study design, pollutants measured, and study population were found to influence the magnitude of these effects. Thus, this review is intended to act as a guide for researchers interested in conducting human exposure studies of air pollutants while in the field, although there can be a wider application for using these end points in many epidemiological study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Mirowsky
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
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Buteau S, Goldberg MS. Methodological issues related to pooling results from panel studies of heart rate variability and its association with ambient air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:462-465. [PMID: 25984645 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Reviews of observational studies and subsequent meta-analyses are challenging to interpret because of potential methodological issues and biases inherent in studies. In reviewing panel studies of the association between heart rate variability and ambient air pollution we identified a number of methodological issues that make difficult interpreting and pooling findings from longitudinal studies, notably issues related to associations arising from different type of designs, differences in design characteristics, including study populations, measurements of heart rate variability (e.g., duration and condition of the electrocardiogram recordings), exposure assessment (e.g., types of monitoring), metrics of exposure used, and parameters estimated from regression models. We conclude that many panel studies of the association between heart rate variability and ambient air pollution may not be comparable to each other, and thus caution must be exercised to avoid misleading conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Buteau
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut National de Sante Publique du Quebec (INSPQ), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Mauderly JL, Barrett EG, Day KC, Gigliotti AP, McDonald JD, Harrod KS, Lund AK, Reed MD, Seagrave JC, Campen MJ, Seilkop SK. The National Environmental Respiratory Center (NERC) experiment in multi-pollutant air quality health research: II. Comparison of responses to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts, hardwood smoke and simulated downwind coal emissions. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 26:651-67. [PMID: 25162719 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.925523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The NERC Program conducted identically designed exposure-response studies of the respiratory and cardiovascular responses of rodents exposed by inhalation for up to 6 months to diesel and gasoline exhausts (DE, GE), wood smoke (WS) and simulated downwind coal emissions (CE). Concentrations of the four combustion-derived mixtures ranged from near upper bound plausible to common occupational and environmental hotspot levels. An "exposure effect" statistic was created to compare the strengths of exposure-response relationships and adjustments were made to minimize false positives among the large number of comparisons. All four exposures caused statistically significant effects. No exposure caused overt illness, neutrophilic lung inflammation, increased circulating micronuclei or histopathology of major organs visible by light microscopy. DE and GE caused the greatest lung cytotoxicity. WS elicited the most responses in lung lavage fluid. All exposures reduced oxidant production by unstimulated alveolar macrophages, but only GE suppressed stimulated macrophages. Only DE retarded clearance of bacteria from the lung. DE before antigen challenge suppressed responses of allergic mice. CE tended to amplify allergic responses regardless of exposure order. GE and DE induced oxidant stress and pro-atherosclerotic responses in aorta; WS and CE had no such effects. No overall ranking of toxicity was plausible. The ranking of exposures by number of significant responses varied among the response models, with each of the four causing the most responses for at least one model. Each exposure could also be deemed most or least toxic depending on the exposure metric used for comparison. The database is available for additional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Mauderly
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque, NM , USA
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Wu S, Deng F, Huang J, Wang H, Shima M, Wang X, Qin Y, Zheng C, Wei H, Hao Y, Lv H, Lu X, Guo X. Blood pressure changes and chemical constituents of particulate air pollution: results from the healthy volunteer natural relocation (HVNR) study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:66-72. [PMID: 23086577 PMCID: PMC3546346 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated blood pressure (BP) has been associated with particulate matter (PM) air pollution, but associations with PM chemical constituents are still uncertain. OBJECTIVES We investigated associations of BP with various chemical constituents of fine PM (PM2.5) during 460 repeated visits among a panel of 39 university students. METHODS Resting BP was measured using standardized methods before and after the university students relocated from a suburban campus to an urban campus with different air pollution contents in Beijing, China. Air pollution data were obtained from central monitors close to student residences. We used mixed-effects models to estimate associations of various PM2.5 constituents with systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse pressure. RESULTS An interquartile range increase of 51.2 μg/m3 in PM2.5 was associated with a 1.08-mmHg (95% CI: 0.17, 1.99) increase in SBP and a 0.96-mmHg (95% CI: 0.31, 1.61) increase in DBP on the following day. A subset of PM2.5 constituents, including carbonaceous fractions (organic carbon and elemental carbon), ions (chloride and fluoride), and metals/metalloid elements (nickel, zinc, magnesium, lead, and arsenic), were found to have robust positive associations with different BP variables, though robust negative associations of manganese, chromium, and molybdenum with SBP or DBP also were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results support relationships between specific PM2.5 constituents and BP. These findings have potential implications for the development of pollution abatement strategies that maximize public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
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Wu S, Deng F, Liu Y, Shima M, Niu J, Huang Q, Guo X. Temperature, traffic-related air pollution, and heart rate variability in a panel of healthy adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 120:82-9. [PMID: 22995643 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both ambient temperature and air pollution have been associated with alterations in cardiac autonomic function, but the responsive patterns associated with temperature exposure and the interactive effects of temperature and air pollution remain largely unclear. OBJECTIVES We investigated the associations between personal temperature exposure and cardiac autonomic function as reflected by heart rate variability (HRV) in a panel of 14 healthy taxi drivers in the context of traffic-related air pollution. METHODS We collected real-time data on study subjects' in-car exposures to temperature and traffic-related air pollutants including particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM(2.5)) and carbon monoxide (CO) and HRV indices during work time (8:30-21:00) on 48 sampling days in the warm season (May-September) and cold season (October-March). We applied mixed-effects models and loess models adjusting for potential confounders to examine the associations between temperature and HRV indices. RESULTS We found nonlinear relationships between temperature and HRV indices in both the warm and cold seasons. Linear regression stratified by temperature levels showed that increasing temperature levels were associated with declines in standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals over different temperature strata and increases in low-frequency power and low-frequency:high-frequency ratio in higher temperature range (>25 °C). PM(2.5) and CO modified these associations to various extents. CONCLUSIONS Temperature was associated with alterations in cardiac autonomic function in healthy adults in the context of traffic-related air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
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20
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Wu S, Deng F, Wei H, Huang J, Wang H, Shima M, Wang X, Qin Y, Zheng C, Hao Y, Guo X. Chemical constituents of ambient particulate air pollution and biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation and homocysteine in healthy adults: a prospective panel study. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012; 9:49. [PMID: 23231781 PMCID: PMC3585865 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-9-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ambient air pollution has been associated with activation of systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability and increased plasma homocysteine, but the chemical constituents behind the association are not well understood. We examined the relations of various chemical constituents of fine particles (PM2.5) and biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation and homocysteine in the context of traffic-related air pollution. Methods A panel of 40 healthy college students underwent biweekly blood collection for 12 times before and after their relocation from a suburban campus to an urban campus with changing air pollution contents in Beijing. Blood samples were measured for circulatory biomarkers of high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), von Willebrand factor (vWF), soluble platelet selectin (sP-selectin), and total homocysteine (tHcy). Various air pollutants were measured in a central air-monitoring station in each campus and 32 PM2.5 chemical constituents were determined in the laboratory. We used three different mixed-effects models (single-constituent model, constituent-PM2.5 joint model and constituent residual model) controlling for potential confounders to estimate the effects of PM2.5 chemical constituents on circulatory biomarkers. Results We found consistent positive associations between the following biomarkers and PM2.5 chemical constituents across different models: TNF-α with secondary organic carbon, chloride, zinc, molybdenum and stannum; fibrinogen with magnesium, iron, titanium, cobalt and cadmium; PAI-1 with titanium, cobalt and manganese; t-PA with cadmium and selenium; vWF with aluminum. We also found consistent inverse associations of vWF with nitrate, chloride and sodium, and sP-selectin with manganese. Two positive associations of zinc with TNF-α and of cobalt with fibrinogen, and two inverse associations of nitrate with vWF, and of manganese with sP-selectin, were independent of the other constituents in two-constituent models using constituent residual data. We only found weak air pollution effects on hs-CRP and tHcy. Conclusions Our results provide clues for the potential roles that PM2.5 chemical constituents may play in the biological mechanisms through which air pollution may influence the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
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Xu X, Deng F, Guo X, Lv P, Zhong M, Liu C, Wang A, Tzan K, Jiang SY, Lippmann M, Rajagopalan S, Qu Q, Chen LC, Sun Q. Association of systemic inflammation with marked changes in particulate air pollution in Beijing in 2008. Toxicol Lett 2012; 212:147-56. [PMID: 22617750 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have linked ambient fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm, PM₂.₅) air pollution to increased morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in the general population, but the biologic mechanisms of these associations are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between daily variations in exposure to PM₂.₅ and inflammatory responses in mice during and for 2 months after the Beijing Olympic Games. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to Beijing PM₂.₅ or filtered air (FA) in 2008 during the 2 months of Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Games, and for 2 months after the end of the Games. During the Games, circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and interleukin 6 were increased significantly in the PM₂.₅ exposure group, when compared with the FA control group, although there were no significant inter-group differences in tumor necrosis factor-α or interferon-γ, or in macrophages, neutrophils or lymphocytes in the spleen or thymus between these 2 groups. However, macrophages were significantly increased in the lung and visceral fat with increasing PM₂.₅. After the Olympic Games, there were no significant PM₂.₅-associated differences for macrophages, neutrophils or lymphocytes in the thymus, but macrophages were significantly elevated in the lung, spleen, subcutaneous and visceral fat with increasing PM₂.₅, and the numbers of macrophages were even higher after than those during the Games. Moreover, the number of neutrophils was markedly higher in the spleen for the PM₂.₅-exposed- than the FA-group. These data suggest that short-term increases in exposure to ambient PM₂.₅ leads to increased systemic inflammatory responses, primarily macrophages and neutrophils in the lung, spleen, and visceral adipose tissue. Short-term air quality improvements were significantly associated with reduced overall inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xu
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Cardiovascular health, risks and diseases in contemporary China. Int J Cardiol 2011; 152:285-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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