1
|
Panarese F, Gualdi G, Di Nicola M, Giannini C, Polidori N, Giuliani F, Mohn A, Amerio P. Effects of Growth Hormone (GH) Supplementation on Dermatoscopic Evolution of Pigmentary Lesions in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030736. [PMID: 35160191 PMCID: PMC8836453 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have confirmed higher levels of growth hormone (GH) receptor (GHR) transcripts in malignant melanomas (MM), yet the role of GH in the pathogenesis of MM remains controversial. Although melanocytes appear to be hormonally responsive, the effects of GH on MM cells are less clear. A direct correlation between GH administration and the development of melanoma seems possible. Our study aimed to assess whether GH supplementation in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) could induce changes in the melanocytic lesions both from a dimensional and dermoscopic point of view. The study population consisted of 14 patients sorted into two groups. The experimental group consisted of seven GHD pediatric patients who underwent dermatological examination with epiluminescence through the use of digital video recording of all melanocytic lesions before and after 12 months of GH supplementation, whilst the control group consisted of seven healthy pediatric patients matched for age, sex and phototype. All patients were evaluated according to auxological and dermatological features. A total of 225 melanocytic lesions were examined in the experimental group and 236 in the control group. Our study shows a significant increase in the mean size values of the lesions in the study group but not in the control group. Increases in the dermoscopic ABCD Score and in BMI correlated to an increase in the size of the melanocytic lesions and the dermoscopic parameters. The increase in SDS Height correlated with ABCD Score changes and with dermoscopic score structures. No differences were found compared to the control group. Dimensional/structural modifications in melanocytic lesions of patients treated with GH were closely related to weight and statural growth and can be considered a normal physiological process induced by GH supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Panarese
- Department of Dermatology, University “G D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Giulio Gualdi
- Department of Dermatology, University “G D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (P.A.)
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Biostatistic Laboratory, University “G D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University “G D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.G.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Nella Polidori
- Department of Pediatrics, University “G D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.G.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Federica Giuliani
- Department of Dermatology, University “G D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Angelika Mohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University “G D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.G.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Paolo Amerio
- Department of Dermatology, University “G D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.P.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (P.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sabbah M, Najem A, Krayem M, Awada A, Journe F, Ghanem GE. RTK Inhibitors in Melanoma: From Bench to Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1685. [PMID: 33918490 PMCID: PMC8038208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) and PI3K/AKT (Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase and Protein Kinase B) pathways play a key role in melanoma progression and metastasis that are regulated by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Although RTKs are mutated in a small percentage of melanomas, several receptors were found up regulated/altered in various stages of melanoma initiation, progression, or metastasis. Targeting RTKs remains a significant challenge in melanoma, due to their variable expression across different melanoma stages of progression and among melanoma subtypes that consequently affect response to treatment and disease progression. In this review, we discuss in details the activation mechanism of several key RTKs: type III: c-KIT (mast/stem cell growth factor receptor); type I: EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor); type VIII: HGFR (hepatocyte growth factor receptor); type V: VEGFR (Vascular endothelial growth factor), structure variants, the function of their structural domains, and their alteration and its association with melanoma initiation and progression. Furthermore, several RTK inhibitors targeting the same receptor were tested alone or in combination with other therapies, yielding variable responses among different melanoma groups. Here, we classified RTK inhibitors by families and summarized all tested drugs in melanoma indicating the rationale behind the use of these drugs in each melanoma subgroups from preclinical studies to clinical trials with a specific focus on their purpose of treatment, resulted effect, and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malak Sabbah
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (M.S.); (A.N.); (M.K.); (F.J.)
| | - Ahmad Najem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (M.S.); (A.N.); (M.K.); (F.J.)
| | - Mohammad Krayem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (M.S.); (A.N.); (M.K.); (F.J.)
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Medical Oncolgy Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (M.S.); (A.N.); (M.K.); (F.J.)
| | - Ghanem E. Ghanem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (M.S.); (A.N.); (M.K.); (F.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hernández IB, Kromhout JZ, Teske E, Hennink WE, van Nimwegen SA, Oliveira S. Molecular targets for anticancer therapies in companion animals and humans: what can we learn from each other? Theranostics 2021; 11:3882-3897. [PMID: 33664868 PMCID: PMC7914358 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite clinical successes in the treatment of some early stage cancers, it is undeniable that novel and innovative approaches are needed to aid in the fight against cancer. Targeted therapies offer the desirable feature of tumor specificity while sparing healthy tissues, thereby minimizing side effects. However, the success rate of translation of these therapies from the preclinical setting to the clinic is dramatically low, highlighting an important point of necessary improvement in the drug development process in the oncology field. The practice of a comparative oncology approach can address some of the current issues, by introducing companion animals with spontaneous tumors in the linear drug development programs. In this way, animals from the veterinary clinic get access to novel/innovative therapies, otherwise inaccessible, while generating robust data to aid therapy refinement and increase translational success. In this review, we present an overview of targetable membrane proteins expressed in the most well-characterized canine and feline solid cancers, greatly resembling the counterpart human malignancies. We identified particular areas in which a closer collaboration between the human and veterinary clinic would benefit both human and veterinary patients. Considerations and challenges to implement comparative oncology in the development of anticancer targeted therapies are also discussed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Smith LK, Arabi S, Lelliott EJ, McArthur GA, Sheppard KE. Obesity and the Impact on Cutaneous Melanoma: Friend or Foe? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061583. [PMID: 32549336 PMCID: PMC7352630 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight has been identified as a risk factor for many types of cancers, and for the majority of cancers, it is associated with poor outcomes. In contrast, there are cancers in which obesity is associated with favorable outcomes and this has been termed the “obesity paradox”. In melanoma, the connection between obesity and the increased incidence is not as strong as for other cancer types with some but not all studies showing an association. However, several recent studies have indicated that increased body mass index (BMI) improves survival outcomes in targeted and immune therapy treated melanoma patients. The mechanisms underlying how obesity leads to changes in therapeutic outcomes are not completely understood. This review discusses the current evidence implicating obesity in melanoma progression and patient response to targeted and immunotherapy, and discusses potential mechanisms underpinning these associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorey K. Smith
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Shaghayegh Arabi
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Emily J. Lelliott
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Grant A. McArthur
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Karen E. Sheppard
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.K.S.); (S.A.); (E.J.L.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
O'Flanagan CH, O'Shea S, Lyons A, Fogarty FM, McCabe N, Kennedy RD, O'Connor R. IGF-1R inhibition sensitizes breast cancer cells to ATM-related kinase (ATR) inhibitor and cisplatin. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56826-56841. [PMID: 27472395 PMCID: PMC5302955 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the IGF-1 signalling axis is clearly a roadblock in targeting this receptor in cancer therapy. Here, we sought to identify mediators of resistance, and potential co-targets for IGF-1R inhibition. By using an siRNA functional screen with the IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) BMS-754807 in MCF-7 cells we identified several genes encoding components of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways as mediators of resistance to IGF-1R kinase inhibition. These included ATM and Ataxia Telangiectasia and RAD3-related kinase (ATR). We also observed a clear induction of DDR in cells that were exposed to IGF-1R TKIs (BMS-754807 and OSI-906) as indicated by accumulation of γ-H2AX, and phosphorylated Chk1. Combination of the IGF-1R/IR TKIs with an ATR kinase inhibitor VE-821 resulted in additive to synergistic cytotoxicity compared to either drug alone. In MCF-7 cells with stably acquired resistance to the IGF-1R TKI (MCF-7-R), DNA damage was also observed, and again, dual inhibition of the ATR kinase and IGF-1R/IR kinase resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity. Interestingly, dual inhibition of ATR and IGF-1R was more effective in MCF-7-R cells than parental cells. IGF-1R TKIs also potentiated the effects of cisplatin in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Overall, our findings identify induction of DDR by IGF-1R kinase inhibition as a rationale for co-targeting the IGF-1R with ATR kinase inhibitors or cisplatin, particularly in cells with acquired resistance to TKIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciara H O'Flanagan
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sandra O'Shea
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Amy Lyons
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fionola M Fogarty
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nuala McCabe
- Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Richard D Kennedy
- Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland, UK.,Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Rosemary O'Connor
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Murekatete B, Shokoohmand A, McGovern J, Mohanty L, Meinert C, Hollier BG, Zippelius A, Upton Z, Kashyap AS. Targeting Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Extracellular Matrix Interactions in Melanoma Progression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:583. [PMID: 29330502 PMCID: PMC5766529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I binds to the ECM protein vitronectin (VN) through IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) to enhance proliferation and migration of skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Although evidence exists for the role of individual components of the complex (IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and VN), the cellular functions stimulated by these proteins together as a complex remains un-investigated in melanoma cells. We report here that the IGF-I:IGFBP-3:VN trimeric complex stimulates a dose-dependent increase in the proliferation and migration of WM35 and Sk-MEL28 melanoma cells. In 3D Matrigel™ and hydrogel cultures, both cell lines formed primary tumor-like spheroids, which increased in size in a dose-dependent manner in response to the trimeric complex. Furthermore, we reveal IGFBP-3:VN protein complexes in malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma patient tissues, where the IGFBP-3:VN complex was seen to be predominantly tumor cell-associated. Peptide antagonists designed to target the binding of IGF-I:IGFBP-3 to VN were demonstrated to inhibit IGF-I:IGFBP-3:VN-stimulated cell migration, invasion and 3D tumor cell growth of melanoma cells. Overall, this study provides new data on IGF:ECM interactions in skin malignancies and demonstrates the potential usefulness of a growth factor:ECM-disrupting strategy for abrogating tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berline Murekatete
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ali Shokoohmand
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacqui McGovern
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lipsa Mohanty
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christoph Meinert
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett G Hollier
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zee Upton
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abhishek S Kashyap
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Melanocytic nevi and melanoma: unraveling a complex relationship. Oncogene 2017; 36:5771-5792. [PMID: 28604751 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 33% of melanomas are derived directly from benign, melanocytic nevi. Despite this, the vast majority of melanocytic nevi, which typically form as a result of BRAFV600E-activating mutations, will never progress to melanoma. Herein, we synthesize basic scientific insights and data from mouse models with common observations from clinical practice to comprehensively review melanocytic nevus biology. In particular, we focus on the mechanisms by which growth arrest is established after BRAFV600E mutation. Means by which growth arrest can be overcome and how melanocytic nevi relate to melanoma are also considered. Finally, we present a new conceptual paradigm for understanding the growth arrest of melanocytic nevi in vivo termed stable clonal expansion. This review builds upon the canonical hypothesis of oncogene-induced senescence in growth arrest and tumor suppression in melanocytic nevi and melanoma.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang J, Sinnberg T, Niessner H, Dölker R, Sauer B, Kempf WE, Meier F, Leslie N, Schittek B. PTEN regulates IGF-1R-mediated therapy resistance in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 28:572-89. [PMID: 26112748 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a major advance in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, its therapeutic success is limited by the rapid emergence of drug resistance. The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is overexpressed in melanomas developing resistance toward the BRAF(V) (600) inhibitor vemurafenib. Here, we show that hyperactivation of BRAF enhances IGF-1R expression. In addition, the phosphatase activity of PTEN as well as heterocellular contact to stromal cells increases IGF-1R expression in melanoma cells and enhances resistance to vemurafenib. Interestingly, PTEN-negative melanoma cells escape IGF-1R blockade by decreased expression of the receptor, implicating that only in melanoma patients with PTEN-positive tumors treatment with IGF-1R inhibitors would be a suitable strategy to combat therapy resistance. Our data emphasize the crosstalk and therapeutic relevance of microenvironmental and tumor cell-autonomous mechanisms in regulating IGF-1R expression and by this sensitivity toward targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Niessner
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Dölker
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Sauer
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Kempf
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Schittek
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Timosaponin AIII induces apoptosis and autophagy in human melanoma A375-S2 cells. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 40:69-78. [PMID: 27271334 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Timosaponin AIII (AIII), a steroidal saponin isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. Our study showed that AIII induced both apoptosis and autophagy, and autophagy inhibited apoptosis in A375S2 cells. Furtherly, this study was carried out to investigate what kind of cytokines plays an important role in this process. The results revealed that AIII induced apoptosis through activating c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) or extracellular signal related kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and generating NO. However, JNK or ERK inhibited autophagy, while NO had no effect on autophagy. Therefore, JNK, ERK or NO regulates two programmed death processes in different ways. AIII did not show obvious cytotoxic effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which indicated that AIII has less side effects on normal cells, and could be considered as a leading compound for developing novel anticancer drug.
Collapse
|
10
|
Joehlin-Price AS, Stephens JA, Zhang J, Backes FJ, Cohn DE, Suarez AA. Endometrial Cancer Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R) Expression Increases with Body Mass Index and Is Associated with Pathologic Extent and Prognosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:438-45. [PMID: 26682991 PMCID: PMC5075967 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a main risk factor for endometrial carcinoma (EC). Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) expression may influence this association. METHODS IGF1R IHC was performed on a tissue microarray with 894 EC and scored according to the percentage and intensity of staining to create immunoreactivity scores, which were dichotomized into low and high IGF1R expression groups. Logistic regression modeling assessed associations with body mass index (BMI), age, histology, pathologic extent of disease (pT), and lymph node metastasis (pN). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between IGF1R expression groups using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. RESULTS The proportion of patients with high IGF1R expression increased as BMI (<30, 30-39, and 40+ kg/m(2)) increased (P = 0.002). The adjusted odds of having high IGF1R expression was 1.49 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-2.10, P = 0.024] for patients with BMI 30 to 39 kg/m(2) compared with <30 kg/m(2) and 1.62 (95% CI, 1.13-2.33, P = 0.009) for patients with BMI 40+ kg/m(2) compared with <30 kg/m(2). High IGF1R expression was associated with pT and pN univariately and with pT after adjusting for BMI, pN, age, and histologic subtype. DFS and OS were better with high IGF1R expression, P = 0.020 and P = 0.002, respectively, but DFS was not significant after adjusting for pT, pN, and histologic subtype of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS There is an association between BMI and EC IGF1R expression. Higher IGF1R expression is associated with lower pT and better DFS and OS. IMPACT These findings suggest a link between IGF1R EC expression and obesity, as well as IGF1R expression and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Joehlin-Price
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Julie A Stephens
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Floor J Backes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David E Cohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Adrian A Suarez
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hoke GD, Ramos C, Hoke NN, Crossland MC, Shawler LG, Boykin JV. Atypical Diabetic Foot Ulcer Keratinocyte Protein Signaling Correlates with Impaired Wound Healing. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:1586927. [PMID: 27840833 PMCID: PMC5093264 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1586927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and wound infections often resulting in lower extremity amputations. The protein signaling architecture of the mechanisms responsible for impaired DFU healing has not been characterized. In this preliminary clinical study, the intracellular levels of proteins involved in signal transduction networks relevant to wound healing were non-biasedly measured using reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA) in keratinocytes isolated from DFU wound biopsies. RPPA allows for the simultaneous documentation and assessment of the signaling pathways active in each DFU. Thus, RPPA provides for the accurate mapping of wound healing pathways associated with apoptosis, proliferation, senescence, survival, and angiogenesis. From the study data, we have identified potential diagnostic, or predictive, biomarkers for DFU wound healing derived from the ratios of quantified signaling protein expressions within interconnected pathways. These biomarkers may allow physicians to personalize therapeutic strategies for DFU management on an individual basis based upon the signaling architecture present in each wound. Additionally, we have identified altered, interconnected signaling pathways within DFU keratinocytes that may help guide the development of therapeutics to modulate these dysregulated pathways, many of which parallel the therapeutic targets which are the hallmarks of molecular therapies for treating cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D. Hoke
- Theranostics Health, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Corrine Ramos
- Theranostics Health, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | | | - Mary C. Crossland
- HCA Chippenham Medical Center, Wound Healing Center, Richmond, VA 23235, USA
| | - Lisa G. Shawler
- HCA Chippenham Medical Center, Wound Healing Center, Richmond, VA 23235, USA
| | - Joseph V. Boykin
- HCA Retreat Doctors' Hospital, Wound Healing Center, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
- *Joseph V. Boykin:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ramcharan R, Aleksic T, Kamdoum WP, Gao S, Pfister SX, Tanner J, Bridges E, Asher R, Watson AJ, Margison GP, Woodcock M, Repapi E, Li JL, Middleton MR, Macaulay VM. IGF-1R inhibition induces schedule-dependent sensitization of human melanoma to temozolomide. Oncotarget 2015; 6:39877-90. [PMID: 26497996 PMCID: PMC4741867 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies implicate type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) in mediating chemo-resistance. Here, we investigated whether IGF-1R influences response to temozolomide (TMZ), which generates DNA adducts that are removed by O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), or persist causing replication-associated double-strand breaks (DSBs). Initial assessment in 10 melanoma cell lines revealed that TMZ resistance correlated with MGMT expression (r = 0.79, p = 0.009), and in MGMT-proficient cell lines, with phospho-IGF-1R (r = 0.81, p = 0.038), suggesting that TMZ resistance associates with IGF-1R activation. Next, effects of IGF-1R inhibitors (IGF-1Ri) AZ3801 and linsitinib (OSI-906) were tested on TMZ-sensitivity, cell cycle progression and DSB induction. IGF-1Ri sensitized BRAF wild-type and mutant melanoma cells to TMZ in vitro, an effect that was independent of MGMT. Cells harboring wild-type p53 were more sensitive to IGF-1Ri, and showed schedule-dependent chemo-sensitization that was most effective when IGF-1Ri followed TMZ. This sequence sensitized to clinically-achievable TMZ concentrations and enhanced TMZ-induced apoptosis. Simultaneous or prior IGF-1Ri caused less effective chemo-sensitization, associated with increased G1 population and reduced accumulation of TMZ-induced DSBs. Clinically relevant sequential (TMZ → IGF-1Ri) treatment was tested in mice bearing A375M (V600E BRAF, wild-type p53) melanoma xenografts, achieving peak plasma/tumor IGF-1Ri levels comparable to clinical Cmax, and inducing extensive intratumoral apoptosis. TMZ or IGF-1Ri caused minor inhibition of tumor growth (gradient reduction 13%, 25% respectively), while combination treatment caused supra-additive growth delay (72%) that was significantly different from control (p < 0.01), TMZ (p < 0.01) and IGF-1Ri (p < 0.05) groups. These data highlight the importance of scheduling when combining IGF-1Ri and other targeted agents with drugs that induce replication-associated DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Ramcharan
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Tamara Aleksic
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Shan Gao
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophia X. Pfister
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Jordan Tanner
- Biomedical Services, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Esther Bridges
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth Asher
- Department of Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Amanda J. Watson
- Cancer Research UK Carcinogenesis Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, UK
| | - Geoffrey P. Margison
- Cancer Research UK Carcinogenesis Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, UK
| | - Mick Woodcock
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouela Repapi
- Computational Biology Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Ji-Liang Li
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Valentine M. Macaulay
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Crudden C, Ilic M, Suleymanova N, Worrall C, Girnita A, Girnita L. The dichotomy of the Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor: RTK and GPCR: friend or foe for cancer treatment? Growth Horm IGF Res 2015; 25:2-12. [PMID: 25466906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The prime position of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), at the head of the principle mitogenic and anti-apoptotic signalling cascades, along with the resilience to transformation of IGF-1R deficient cells fuelled great excitement for its anti-cancer targeting. Yet its potential has not been fulfilled, as clinical trial results fell far short of expectations. Advancements in understanding of other receptors' function have now begun to shed light on this incongruity, with the now apparent parallels highlighting the immaturity of our understanding of IGF-1R biology, with the model used for drug development now recognised as having been too simplistic. Gathering together the many advancements of the field of IGF-1R research over the past decade, alongside those in the GPCR field, advocates for a major paradigm shift in our appreciation of the subtle workings of this receptor. This review will emphasise the updating of the IGF-1R's classification from an RTK, to an RTK/GPCR functional hybrid, which integrates both canonical kinase signalling with many functions characteristic of a GPCR. Recognition of the shortcomings of IGF-1R inhibitor drug development programs and the models used not only allows us to reignite the initial interest in the IGF-1R as an anti-cancer therapeutic target, but also points to the possibility of biased ligand therapeutics, which together may hold a very powerful key to unlocking the true potential of IGF-1R modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitrin Crudden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Ilic
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naida Suleymanova
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire Worrall
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ada Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Dermatology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonard Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Damsky W, Micevic G, Meeth K, Muthusamy V, Curley DP, Santhanakrishnan M, Erdelyi I, Platt JT, Huang L, Theodosakis N, Zaidi MR, Tighe S, Davies MA, Dankort D, McMahon M, Merlino G, Bardeesy N, Bosenberg M. mTORC1 activation blocks BrafV600E-induced growth arrest but is insufficient for melanoma formation. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:41-56. [PMID: 25584893 PMCID: PMC4295062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Braf(V600E) induces benign, growth-arrested melanocytic nevus development, but also drives melanoma formation. Cdkn2a loss in Braf(V600E) melanocytes in mice results in rare progression to melanoma, but only after stable growth arrest as nevi. Immediate progression to melanoma is prevented by upregulation of miR-99/100, which downregulates mTOR and IGF1R signaling. mTORC1 activation through Stk11 (Lkb1) loss abrogates growth arrest of Braf(V600E) melanocytic nevi, but is insufficient for complete progression to melanoma. Cdkn2a loss is associated with mTORC2 and Akt activation in human and murine melanocytic neoplasms. Simultaneous Cdkn2a and Lkb1 inactivation in Braf(V600E) melanocytes results in activation of both mTORC1 and mTORC2/Akt, inducing rapid melanoma formation in mice. In this model, activation of both mTORC1/2 is required for Braf-induced melanomagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Damsky
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Goran Micevic
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Katrina Meeth
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - David P Curley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | | | - Ildiko Erdelyi
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - James T Platt
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Laura Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - M Raza Zaidi
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Scott Tighe
- NextGen Sequencing Facility, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Dankort
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G OB1, Canada
| | - Martin McMahon
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marcus Bosenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor in Conventional Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Different Histological Grades of Differentiation. Am J Dermatopathol 2014; 36:807-11. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
16
|
Teh JLF, Shah R, Shin SS, Wen Y, Mehnert JM, Goydos J, Chen S. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 mediates melanocyte transformation via transactivation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 27:621-9. [PMID: 24628914 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory previously described the oncogenic properties of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) in melanocytes. mGluR1 transformed immortalized mouse melanocytes in vitro and induced vigorous tumor formation in vivo. Subsequently, we observed the activation of PI3K/AKT in mGluR1-mediated melanocytic tumorigenesis in vivo. In particular, we identified AKT2 being the predominant isoform contributing to the activation of AKT. Suppression of Grm1 or AKT2 using an inducible Tet-R siRNA system resulted in a 60 or 30% reduction, respectively, in in vivo tumorigenesis. We show that simultaneous downregulation of Grm1 plus AKT2 results in a reduction of approximately 80% in tumor volumes, suggesting that both mGluR1 and AKT2 contribute to the tumorigenic phenotype in vivo. The discrepancy between the mild in vitro transformation characteristics and the aggressive in vivo tumorigenic phenotypes of these stable mGluR1-melanocytic clones led us to investigate the possible involvement of other growth factors. Here, we highlight a potential crosstalk network between mGluR1 and tyrosine kinase, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L F Teh
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Something old, something new and something borrowed: emerging paradigm of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:2403-27. [PMID: 24276851 PMCID: PMC4055838 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays a key role in the development and progression of cancer; however, therapeutics targeting it have had disappointing results in the clinic. As a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), IGF-1R is traditionally described as an ON/OFF system, with ligand stabilizing the ON state and exclusive kinase-dependent signaling activation. Newly added to the traditional model, ubiquitin-mediated receptor downregulation and degradation was originally described as a response to ligand/receptor interaction and thus inseparable from kinase signaling activation. Yet, the classical model has proven over-simplified and insufficient to explain experimental evidence accumulated over the last decade, including kinase-independent signaling, unbalanced signaling, or dissociation between signaling and receptor downregulation. Based on the recent findings that IGF-1R “borrows” components of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, including β-arrestins and G-protein-related kinases, we discuss the emerging paradigm for the IGF-1R as a functional RTK/GPCR hybrid, which integrates the kinase signaling with the IGF-1R canonical GPCR characteristics. The contradictions to the classical IGF-1R signaling concept as well as the design of anti-IGF-1R therapeutics treatment are considered in the light of this paradigm shift and we advocate recognition of IGF-1R as a valid target for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ucar DA, Kurenova E, Garrett TJ, Cance WG, Nyberg C, Cox A, Massoll N, Ostrov DA, Lawrence N, Sebti SM, Zajac-Kaye M, Hochwald SN. Disruption of the protein interaction between FAK and IGF-1R inhibits melanoma tumor growth. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3250-9. [PMID: 22894899 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
FAK (focal adhesion kinase) and IGF-1R (insulin-like growth factor receptor-1) directly interact with each other and thereby activate crucial signaling pathways that benefit cancer cells. Inhibition of FAK and IGF-1R function has been shown to significantly decrease cancer cell proliferation and increase sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation treatment. As a novel approach in human melanoma, we evaluated the effect of a small-molecule compound that disrupts the protein interaction of FAK and IGF-1R. Previously, using virtual screening and functional testing, we identified a lead compound (INT2-31) that targets the known FAK-IGF-1R protein interaction site. We studied the ability of this compound to disrupt FAK-IGF-1R protein interactions, inhibit downstream signaling, decrease human melanoma cell proliferation, alter cell cycle progression, induce apoptosis and decrease tumor growth in vivo. INT2-31 blocked the interaction of FAK and IGF-1R in vitro and in vivo in melanoma cells and tumor xenografts through precluding the activation of IRS-1, leading to reduced phosphorylation of AKT upon IGF-1 stimulation. As a result, INT2-31 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and viability (range 0.05-10 μM). More importantly, 15 mg/kg of INT2-31 given for 21 d via intraperitoneal injection disrupted the interaction of FAK and IGF-1R and effectively decreased phosphorylation of tumor AKT, resulting in significant melanoma tumor regression in vivo. Our data suggest that the FAK-IGF-1R protein interaction is an important target, and disruption of this interaction with a novel small molecule (INT2-31) has potential anti-neoplastic therapeutic effects in human melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz A Ucar
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim JE, Stones C, Joseph WR, Leung E, Finlay GJ, Shelling AN, Phillips WA, Shepherd PR, Baguley BC. Comparison of growth factor signalling pathway utilisation in cultured normal melanocytes and melanoma cell lines. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:141. [PMID: 22475322 PMCID: PMC3352269 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K-PKB), mitogen activated protein kinase (MEK-ERK) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR- p70S6K), are thought to regulate many aspects of tumour cell proliferation and survival. We have examined the utilisation of these three signalling pathways in a number of cell lines derived from patients with metastatic malignant melanoma of known PIK3CA, PTEN, NRAS and BRAF mutational status. METHODS Western blotting was used to compare the phosphorylation status of components of the PI3K-PKB, MEK-ERK and mTOR-p70S6K signalling pathways, as indices of pathway utilisation. RESULTS Normal melanocytes could not be distinguished from melanoma cells on the basis of pathway utilisation when grown in the presence of serum, but could be distinguished upon serum starvation, where signalling protein phosphorylation was generally abrogated. Surprisingly, the differential utilisation of individual pathways was not consistently associated with the presence of an oncogenic or tumour suppressor mutation of genes in these pathways. CONCLUSION Utilisation of the PI3K-PKB, MEK-ERK and mTOR-p70S6K signalling pathways in melanoma, as determined by phosphorylation of signalling components, varies widely across a series of cell lines, and does not directly reflect mutation of genes coding these components. The main difference between cultured normal melanocytes and melanoma cells is not the pathway utilisation itself, but rather in the serum dependence of pathway utilisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Private Bag 92019, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clare Stones
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne R Joseph
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Graeme J Finlay
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew N Shelling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne A Phillips
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter R Shepherd
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bruce C Baguley
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ribeiro TC, Latronico AC. Insulin-like growth factor system on adrenocortical tumorigenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 351:96-100. [PMID: 22019903 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway has many important roles in normal cell growth and development. Remarkably, all of the components of this system (IGFs, receptors, and binding proteins) are expressed in human fetal adrenals. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, a congenital overgrowth disorder characterized by a high risk of development of childhood tumors, is also distinguished by a high incidence of adrenocortical carcinomas. This disease has been associated with structural abnormalities at the 11p15 locus, which harbors the IGF2 gene as well as the genes coding for insulin, H19, and p57kip2. Notably, rearrangements at the 11p15 locus and overexpression of IGF2 were also described in sporadic adrenocortical tumors. In addition, the IGF2 overexpression was exclusively demonstrated in adults with adrenocortical tumors as a frequent feature of the malignant state. More recent studies demonstrated that the interaction of IGF-2 with IGF receptor type 1 (IGF-1R) plays also a pivotal role in adrenocortical tumorigenesis. IGF1R expression levels were significantly higher in pediatric adrenocortical carcinomas, suggesting that IGF1R expression represents a potential prognostic marker in this group of patients. These findings indicate that the IGF system is an important pathway for autonomous growth of adrenocortical cells and potential inhibitors of this system could be a rational therapeutic target for adrenocortical tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamaya Castro Ribeiro
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular, LIM/42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Article withdrawal: Disruption of the protein interaction between FAK and IGF-1R inhibits melanoma tumor growth. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:473. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
22
|
Ozkan EE. Plasma and tissue insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) as a prognostic marker for prostate cancer and anti-IGF-IR agents as novel therapeutic strategy for refractory cases: a review. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 344:1-24. [PMID: 21782884 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer database analysis indicates that prostate cancer is one of the most seen cancers in men meanwhile composing the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among developed countries. Current available therapies are surgery, radiotherapy and androgene ablation for prostate carcinoma. The response rate is as high nearly 90% however, most of these recur or become refractory and androgene independent (AI). Therefore recent studies intensified on molecular factors playing role on development of prostate carcinoma and novel treatment strategies targetting these factors and their receptors. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its primary receptor insulin-like growth factor receptor-I (IGF-IR) are among these factors. Biologic functions and role in malign progression are primarily achieved via IGF-IR which is a type 2 tyrosine kinase receptor. IGF-IR plays an important role in mitogenesis, angiogenesis, transformation, apoptosis and cell motility. It also generates intensive proliferative signals leading to carcinogenesis in prostate tissue. So IGF-IR and its associated signalling system have provoked considerable interest over recent years as a novel therapeutic target in cancer. In this paper it is aimed to sum up the lately published literature searching the relation of IGF-IR and prostate cancer in terms of incidence, pathologic features, and prognosis. This is followed by a discussion of the different possible targets within the IGF-1R system, and drugs developed to interact at each target. A systems-based approach is then used to review the in vitro and in vivo data in the published literature of the following compounds targeting IGF-1R components using specific examples: growth hormone releasing hormone antagonists (e.g. JV-1-38), growth hormone receptor antagonists (e.g. pegvisomant), IGF-1R antibodies (e.g. CP-751,871, AVE1642/EM164, IMC-A12, SCH-717454, BIIB022, AMG 479, MK-0646/h7C10), and IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g. BMS-536942, BMS-554417, NVP-AEW541, NVP-ADW742, AG1024, potent quinolinyl-derived imidazo (1,5-a)pyrazine PQIP, picropodophyllin PPP, nordihydroguaiaretic acid Insm-18/NDGA). And the other end point is to yield an overview on the recent progress about usage of this receptor as a novel anticancer agent of targeted therapies in treatment of prostate carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Elif Ozkan
- OSM Middle East Health Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sanliurfa 63000, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Park SL, Setiawan VW, Kanetsky PA, Zhang ZF, Wilkens LR, Kolonel LN, Le Marchand L. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 levels with risk of malignant melanoma. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:1267-75. [PMID: 21698457 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined the relationship of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its primary growth factor, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) with malignant melanoma using interview data and sera from cases (n = 286) and controls (n = 289) in a population-based case-control study conducted in 1986-1992 on Oahu, Hawaii. Serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations were measured by ELISA. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression and adjusting for age, sex, education, number of blistering sunburns, ability to tan, hair color, energy intake, BMI, height, smoking status, and drinking status. An inverse relationship was found between IGF-I concentration and melanoma (OR for upper vs. lower tertile: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25-0.79), but clear associations were not observed between malignant melanoma and upper tertiles of IGFBP-3 and the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio. The inverse association with IGF-I was strongest among subjects who did not report a history of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) (OR for ≥ vs. < median: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.24-0.65), and a positive association was found among those with such a history (OR: 3.6, 95% CI: 1.0-13; p (interaction) = 0.0035). Our findings observed here between serum IGF-I and malignant melanoma warrants replication in studies with a larger sample size and a prospective design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungshim Lani Park
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 1236 Lauhala Street, Suite 407, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Patel M, Smyth E, Chapman PB, Wolchok JD, Schwartz GK, Abramson DH, Carvajal RD. Therapeutic implications of the emerging molecular biology of uveal melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:2087-100. [PMID: 21444680 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma represents the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Although uveal and cutaneous melanomas both arise from melanocytes, uveal melanoma is clinically and biologically distinct from its more common cutaneous counterpart. Metastasis occurs frequently in this disease, and once distant spread occurs, outcomes are poor. No effective systemic therapies are currently available; however, recent advances in our understanding of the biology of this rare and devastating disease, combined with the growing availability of targeted agents, which can be used to rationally exploit these findings, hold the promise for novel and effective therapies in the foreseeable future. Herein, we review our rapidly growing understanding of the molecular biology of uveal melanoma, including the pathogenic roles of GNAQ (guanine nucleotide binding protein q polypeptide)/11, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), IGF (insulin-like growth factor)/IGF-1 receptor, MET (hepatocyte growth factor), BAP1 [breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1)-associated protein-1], and other key molecules, potential therapeutic strategies derived from this emerging biology, and the next generation of recently initiated clinical trials for the treatment of advanced uveal melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinali Patel
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Capoluongo E. Insulin-like growth factor system and sporadic malignant melanoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 178:26-31. [PMID: 21224039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are important regulators of energy metabolism and growth. Several findings have outlined an important role played by this family of molecules in both tumor maintenance and development. Despite the established contribution of the IGF system in carcinogenesis, little and contrasting data have been reported concerning the intertwined relationships between melanoma and this family of molecules. The present minireview aims to summarize the main topics and evidence concerning this malignant skin cancer, with a focus on the following: i) melanoma and cell proliferation effects induced by the IGF system, ii) in vitro and in vivo experimental data, and iii) targeting studies. Because of consistent findings regarding the role of the IGF-1 receptor in the modulation of IGF-1 activity, possible therapeutic strategies combining the use of antisense oligonucleotides against IGF-1 receptor mRNA could be applied in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Capoluongo
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostic, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gopal YNV, Deng W, Woodman SE, Komurov K, Ram P, Smith PD, Davies MA. Basal and treatment-induced activation of AKT mediates resistance to cell death by AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) in Braf-mutant human cutaneous melanoma cells. Cancer Res 2010; 70:8736-47. [PMID: 20959481 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The majority of melanomas show constitutive activation of the RAS-RAF-MAP/ERK kinase (MEK)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. AZD6244 is a selective MEK1/2 inhibitor that markedly reduces tumor P-MAPK levels, but it produces few clinical responses in melanoma patients. An improved understanding of the determinants of resistance to AZD6244 may lead to improved patient selection and effective combinatorial approaches. The effects of AZD6244 on cell growth and survival were tested in a total of 14 Braf-mutant and 3 wild-type human cutaneous melanoma cell lines. Quantitative assessment of phospho-protein levels in the Braf-mutant cell lines by reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis showed no significant association between P-MEK or P-MAPK levels and AZD6244 sensitivity, but activation-specific markers in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway correlated with resistance. We also identified resistant cell lines without basal activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. RPPA characterization of the time-dependent changes in signaling pathways revealed that AZD6244 produced durable and potent inhibition of P-MAPK in sensitive and resistant Braf-mutant cell lines, but several resistant lines showed AZD6244-induced activation of AKT. In contrast, sensitive cell lines showed AZD6244 treatment-induced upregulation of PTEN protein and mRNA expression. Inhibition of AKT, TORC1/2, or insulin-like growth factor I receptor blocked AZD6244-induced activation of AKT and resulted in synergistic cell killing with AZD6244. These findings identify basal and treatment-induced regulation of the PI3K-AKT pathway as a critical regulator of AZD6244 sensitivity in Braf-mutant cutaneous melanoma cells and the novel regulation of PTEN expression by AZD6244 in sensitive cells, and suggest new combinatorial approaches for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y N Vashisht Gopal
- Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
RT-PCR-based tyrosine kinase display profiling of canine melanoma: IGF-1 receptor as a potential therapeutic target. Melanoma Res 2010; 20:35-42. [PMID: 19949352 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e328331ca86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine malignant melanoma (CMM) resembles human malignant melanoma in terms of metastatic behavior, refractoriness to standard therapy, and tumor antigen expression but it is largely unknown how CMM resembles human melanoma with regard to molecular pathogenesis and cellular signaling. No attempt has been made to systematically define the repertoire of tyrosine kinases (TKs) expressed in CMM. This study used a reverse transcription-PCR display technique to evaluate the expression of multiple TKs in the 17CM98 CMM cell line. RT-PCR was performed using degenerate primers coding for highly conserved regions flanking the kinase domains of many TKs and the repertoire of TKs expressed was determined using standard molecular cloning techniques. Sequencing 46 clones yielded canine homologs of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) (50%), JAK1 (17%), PDGFR-a (11%), FGFR1 (9%), Axl (7%), Abl (4%), and PTK2 (2%). Interestingly, IGF-1R, JAK1, and Axl were detected in human melanoma using similar techniques, supporting the cross-species validity of this assay. Given the abundance of IGF-1R clones, we determined the biological effect of rhIGF-1 in 17CM98 cells. IGF-1 stimulated cell proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor production in 17CM98, and addition of the IGF-1R inhibitor ADW742 abrogated IGF-1-induced phenotypic changes. Expression of IGF-1R mRNA was detected in five of five additional CMM cell cultures, and IGF-1R protein was detected in five of six primary tumors evaluated, suggesting that IGF-1R expression may be common in CMM and may provide a novel target for future therapy. In conclusion, this study suggests that similar TKs are expressed in human and canine melanoma, and shows potential antitumor effects of IGF-1R inhibition in CMM.
Collapse
|
28
|
Mallikarjuna K, Pushparaj V, Biswas J, Krishnakumar S. Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor (IGF-1R), c-Fos, and c-Jun in Uveal Melanoma: An Immunohistochemical Study. Curr Eye Res 2009; 31:875-83. [PMID: 17050279 DOI: 10.1080/02713680600878790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The immunoreactivity of insulin-like growth factor receptor type 1 (IGF-1R), c-Fos, and c-Jun by immunohistochemistry was studied in three groups of uveal melanomas and was correlated clinicopathologically. Immunoanalysis was correlated with cell types, largest tumor diameter, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, mitosis, nuclear grade, and extrascleral extension/liver metastasis. In group C (n = 6), tumors with liver metastasis showed higher expressions of IGF-1R (p = 0.0001), c-Fos (p = 0.004), and c-Jun (p = 0.018) compared with the tumors with no extension/extrascleral extension without liver metastasis (groups A-45 and B-9). Further studies are required to elucidate the role of sequential upregulation of these proteins and the transcriptional activity of c-Fos and c-Jun in uveal melanomas with liver metastasis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kandalam Mallikarjuna
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Medical and Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yu JZ, Warycha MA, Christos PJ, Darvishian F, Yee H, Kaminio H, Berman RS, Shapiro RL, Buckley MT, Liebes LF, Pavlick AC, Polsky D, Brooks PC, Osman I. Assessing the clinical utility of measuring Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in tissues and sera of melanoma patients. J Transl Med 2008; 6:70. [PMID: 19025658 PMCID: PMC2627832 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-6-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Different Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) have been investigated as potential biomarkers in several types of tumors. In this study, we examined both IGFBP-3 and -4 levels in tissues and sera of melanoma patients representing different stages of melanoma progression. Methods The study cohort consisted of 132 melanoma patients (primary, n = 72; metastatic, n = 60; 64 Male, 68 Female; Median Age = 56) prospectively enrolled in the New York University School of Medicine Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group (NYU IMCG) between August 2002 and December 2006. We assessed tumor-expression and circulating sera levels of IGFBP-3 and -4 using immunohistochemistry and ELISA assays. Correlations with clinicopathologic parameters were examined using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and Spearman-rank correlation coefficients. Results Median IGFBP-4 tumor expression was significantly greater in primary versus metastatic patients (70% versus 10%, p = 0.01) A trend for greater median IGFBP-3 sera concentration was observed in metastatic versus primary patients (4.9 μg/ml vs. 3.4 μg/ml, respectively, p = 0.09). However, sera levels fell within a normal range for IGFBP-3. Neither IGFBP-3 nor -4 correlated with survival in this subset of patients. Conclusion Decreased IGFBP-4 tumor expression might be a step in the progression from primary to metastatic melanoma. Our data lend support to a recently-described novel tumor suppressor role of secreting IGFBPs in melanoma. However, data do not support the clinical utility of measuring levels of IGFBP-3 and -4 in sera of melanoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Z Yu
- Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Leães CGS, Batista RL, Dallago CM, Lima JFSP, Oliveira MDC. Possibilidade de associação de melanoma e acromegalia. An Bras Dermatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962008000400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplasias como câncer de próstata, mama e cólon estão relacionadas à acromegalia. Raras vezes foi mencionada a associação com melanoma. Descreve-se caso de paciente com acromegalia no qual foi identificada lesão melanocítica suspeita, com posterior confirmação de melanoma. A excisão cirúrgica da lesão levou à cura da neoplasia. Chama-se a atenção para a necessidade de exame cuidadoso da pele de pacientes com acromegalia.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang HJ, Li D, Yang FY, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Oridonin induces human melanoma A375-S2 cell death partially through inhibiting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2008; 10:787-798. [PMID: 18696333 DOI: 10.1080/10286020802030918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies indicated that oridonin, a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, induced human melanoma A375-S2 cell apoptosis. In this study, we investigated whether the proapoptotic effect of oridonin on A375-S2 cells would depend on an interference with function of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor, a plasma membrane receptor critical for the survival or antiapoptotic ability in melanoma cells. We found that IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling was a potential survival pathway against a low concentration of 20 micromol/L oridonin-induced apoptosis in A375-S2 cells. The activation of Ras or its downstream effector p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) was shown to be necessary for IGF-1-mediated protection, but the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3 kinase) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) did not correlate with the regulation of survival. However, in the presence of 40 micromol/L (IC50 at 24 h) oridonin, A375-S2 cells could not be protected by IGF-1 from apoptosis, accompanied by a severe impairment of IGF-1R expression. Therefore, we concluded that the proapoptotic activity of oridonin was partially attributed to its repression of IGF-1R signaling. In addition, p53 was supposed to be a pivotal transducer of proapoptotic and survival signaling pathway in this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jun Wang
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee JT, Brafford P, Herlyn M. Unraveling the mysteries of IGF-1 signaling in melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:1358-60. [PMID: 18478012 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The inherent ability of a cell to undergo apoptosis governs a number of developmental processes essential to proper mammalian development. Into adulthood, the pathways that potentiate the apoptotic response are extremely diverse and finely regulated to prevent potential diseases. Of these, cancer is often associated with loss of an apoptotic response. Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) list evasion of apoptosis as a hallmark feature acquired during neoplastic transformation. The impact of this event is dramatic on several levels; avoidance of apoptosis not only prevents programmed cell death in an array of cell types but also promotes chemotherapeutic resistance during anticancer regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John T Lee
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yuen JSP, Macaulay VM. Targeting the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor as a treatment for cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:589-603. [PMID: 18410242 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.5.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) plays a critical role in transformation, invasion and apoptosis protection, and is an attractive cancer treatment target. OBJECTIVE To review IGF1R antibodies and kinase inhibitors that are in preclinical and clinical development, and to discuss questions that will influence the success of this approach in clinical practice. METHODS This review is drawn from published literature, meeting abstracts and online resources. RESULTS/CONCLUSION IGF1R blockade is generally well tolerated although it can induce hyperglycaemia. Single-agent activity has been documented in Ewing's sarcoma but not thus far in common solid tumours. Key issues include identification of factors that influence sensitivity to IGF1R blockade, and how most effectively to combine IGF1R inhibitors with other treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S P Yuen
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, IGF Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Elucidation of susceptible factors to endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated anticancer activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 377:167-77. [PMID: 18228003 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The initiation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been suggested to play potential roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, many obstacles remain as to whether ER stress plays a role in carcinogenesis or tumoricide. This study sought to identify the signals that can serve as anticancer effectors in cells in response to ER stress. Tunicamycin (an N-glycosylation inhibitor) inhibited cell proliferation with IC(50) values of 0.19 and 0.62 microg/ml in hepatoma (Hep) 3B and HepG2 cells, respectively. It induced G1 arrest of the cell cycle in both cell lines. The anticancer mechanism of tunicamycin was investigated in Hep3B cells. Tunicamycin induced a rapid decline of cyclin D1 and cyclin A expression and an early increase of glucose-related protein (GRP) 78 and growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible transcription factor (GADD) 153 levels. Cyclin A was the most sensitive regulator to tunicamycin-triggered degradation mechanism. The association of p27(Kip1) with cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 4 was also increased by tunicamycin. The inhibition of GADD153 expression by transfection of GADD153 antisense did not modify tunicamycin-induced G1 arrest and cyclin/Cdk expressions. The knockdown of GRP78 expression by the siRNA transfection technique moderately increased tunicamycin-induced apoptosis but not the antiproliferative effect by sulforhodamine B assay. We suggest that tunicamycin induces G1 arrest through down-regulation of cyclins and Cdks, in which cyclin A is more susceptible to ER stress-triggered degradation mechanism in Hep3B cells. The increased association of p27(Kip1) with cyclin D1/Cdk4 may also contribute to tunicamycin-induced cell-cycle arrest. GADD153 and GRP78 play a minor role in tunicamycin-mediated antiproliferative effect, although GRP78 moderately inhibits apoptosis in Hep3B cells. These data provide evidence that cell-cycle regulators are susceptible factors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) responsive to ER stress.
Collapse
|
35
|
Yeh AH, Bohula EA, Macaulay VM. Human melanoma cells expressing V600E B-RAF are susceptible to IGF1R targeting by small interfering RNAs. Oncogene 2006; 25:6574-81. [PMID: 16715137 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) is overexpressed by malignant melanomas compared with benign naevi, and mediates proliferation, motility and protection from apoptosis. However, the utility of IGF1R targeting as anti-cancer therapy may be limited by activating mutations in downstream signaling intermediates. We previously showed that IGF1R knockdown blocked survival of prostate cancer cells in which Akt activation was deregulated by PTEN loss. The current study investigated effects of IGF1R targeting in cells harboring activating RAS-RAF mutations, found in 70-80% of human melanomas. We assembled a panel of eight human melanoma cell lines: two expressing wild-type (WT) B-RAF and N-RAS, two with activating N-RAS mutations and four harboring V600E B-RAF. We also generated isogenic cell populations overexpressing WT or V600E B-RAF. Cells expressing V600E B-RAF were relatively resistant to apoptosis. However, IGF1R gene silencing was capable of inducing significant inhibition of survival, enhancement of apoptosis, and approximately two-fold sensitization to cisplatin and temozolomide. These effects were independent of mutation status and were associated with reduced activation of Akt and also, unexpectedly, of ERKs. These results support development of IGF1R targeting as therapy for melanoma, regardless of the presence of activating mutations in the RAS-RAF pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Yeh
- IGF Group, Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sadagurski M, Yakar S, Weingarten G, Holzenberger M, Rhodes CJ, Breitkreutz D, Leroith D, Wertheimer E. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling regulates skin development and inhibits skin keratinocyte differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:2675-87. [PMID: 16537911 PMCID: PMC1430337 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.26.7.2675-2687.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a multifunctional receptor that mediates signals for cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Genetic experiments showed that IGF-1R inactivation in skin results in a disrupted epidermis. However, because IGF-1R-null mice die at birth, it is difficult to study the effects of IGF-1R on skin. By using a combined approach of conditional gene ablation and a three-dimensional organotypic model, we demonstrate that IGF-1R-deficient skin cocultures show abnormal maturation and differentiation patterns. Furthermore, IGF-1R-null keratinocytes exhibit accelerated differentiation and decreased proliferation. Investigating the signaling pathway downstream of IGF-1R reveals that insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2) overexpression compensates for the lack of IGF-1R, whereas IRS-1 overexpression does not. We also demonstrate that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 are involved in the regulation of skin keratinocyte differentiation and take some part in mediating the inhibitory signal of IGF-1R on differentiation. In addition, we show that mammalian target of rapamycin plays a specific role in mediating IGF-1R impedance of action on keratinocyte differentiation. In conclusion, these results reveal that IGF-1R plays an inhibitory role in the regulation of skin development and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mitsiades CS, Mitsiades N. Treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors by inhibiting IGF receptor signaling. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2006; 5:487-99. [PMID: 16001956 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.5.3.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and their receptors (IGF-1R) constitute a complex biologic system implicated in diverse regulatory levels of cell proliferation, viability, differentiation and metabolism. Extensive epidemiologic data have implicated the IGF/IGF-1R pathway in the establishment of human malignancies, consistent with experimental data on the role of this signaling cascade in promoting cell transformation, resistance to apoptosis, metastases and other aspects of the biology of human cancers. However, historically, the IGF/IGF-1R pathway has not been viewed as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. The widespread IGF-1R expression in normal tissues and its close homology to the insulin receptor had led to the assumption that IGF-1R inhibition would cause unacceptable toxicities in vivo. Even though neutralizing antibodies against human IGF-1R have been efficacious against xenograft tumors, a lack of reactivity against the host rodent receptor has confounded the assessment of its therapeutic index. Furthermore, the lack of a clear understanding of the relevant significance for neoplastic cells in the function of IGF-1R versus other growth factor receptors provided an additional disincentive for the study of this pathway. However, recent reports from the authors' group and others have shown that small molecule inhibitors of tyrosine kinase activity of IGF-1R can be safely and efficaciously administered in vivo in clinically relevant orthotopic models of human neoplasias, such as multiple myeloma. This article reviews the data that validated IGF-1R as a therapeutic target for a broad spectrum of malignancies and provides in vivo proof-of-concept for the use of selective IGF-1R kinase inhibitors as primary antitumor therapy or in synergistic combination as chemosensitizers. These results have not only provided the rationale for clinical trials of small molecule IGF-1R inhibitors, but have also rekindled interest in other therapeutic modalities (e.g., monoclonal antibodies) aimed at suppressing the function of this critical pathway for tumor cell pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantine S Mitsiades
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cosaceanu D, Carapancea M, Castro J, Ekedahl J, Kanter L, Lewensohn R, Dricu A. Modulation of response to radiation of human lung cancer cells following insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor inactivation. Cancer Lett 2005; 222:173-81. [PMID: 15863266 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Revised: 09/20/2004] [Accepted: 10/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Targeted disruption of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) restricts proliferation of tumor cells and enhances their in vitro radiosensitivity. However, there is little information regarding the effect of IGF-1R expression and function on the lung cancer response to radiotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the cell surface expression of IGF-1R and the antitumoral effect of IGF-1R blockade in combination with irradiation in 6 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. All cell lines showed specific IGF-1 binding with an affinity ranging from 0.95x10(-9) to 2.3x10(-9) M, which was evaluated by competitive binding assay. The amount of binding sites ranged from 118 to 377 fmol/mg protein. In one cell line (U1810), the combined treatment led to synergistic cell death and was associated with an accumulation of cells in the G2 phase. IGF-1R activation was able to obstruct serum starvation/radiation-induced cell death in U1810 cell line. Additive interactions were found for four cell lines (A549, H157, H23 and H125) whereas only subadditive effects were observed in U1752 cell line. Our results indicate that the IGF-1R is present on NSCLC cells and thereby its involvement in the modulation of radiosensitivity in lung cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Cosaceanu
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute/Hospital, R8:00, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bähr C, Groner B. The insulin like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) as a drug target: novel approaches to cancer therapy. Growth Horm IGF Res 2004; 14:287-295. [PMID: 15231297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is an important signaling molecule in cancer cells and plays an essential role in the establishment and maintenance of the transformed phenotype. Inhibition of IGF-1R signaling thus appears to be a promising strategy to interfere with the growth and survival of cancer cells. Different classes of molecules, e.g., antisense RNA, monoclonal antibodies and dominant negative IGF-1R gene variants, have been employed towards this aim. These agents have been able to reverse the transformed phenotype in several rodent and human cancer cell lines. The application of peptide aptamers specifically binding to the IGF-1R represents a novel approach to target IGF-1R signaling. The integration of peptide aptamers into targeted protein degradation vehicles and their transduction into cells allows the temporary elimination of the receptor protein. This review summarizes recently published data about inhibition of IGF-1R signaling and provides a perspective on upcoming possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Bähr
- Georg Speyer Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 42-44, Frankfurt am Main D-60596, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang H, Shen SS, Wang H, Diwan AH, Zhang W, Fuller GN, Prieto VG. Expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 in melanocytic lesions. J Cutan Pathol 2004; 30:599-605. [PMID: 14744083 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0560.2003.00120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is one of the most critical proteins required for the survival, migration, and growth of melanoma cells. IGF-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), which binds and regulates the function of IGF-1, is upregulated in a dose-dependent manner in melanoma cells treated with IGF-1, suggesting a possible role of IGFBP2 in the pathogenesis of melanoma. METHODS Tissue microarrays were constructed using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue blocks from 94 melanocytic lesions: 20 benign nevi, 20 dysplastic nevi, 23 primary melanomas, and 31 metastatic melanomas. IGFBP2 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically using a polyclonal antibody against the C-terminus of IGFBP2. The number of cells and labeling intensity were assessed semiquantitatively. RESULTS Positive IGFBP2 labeling was observed in 5.0% of benign nevi, which was significantly lower than in dysplastic nevi (35.0%), primary melanomas (52.2%), or metastatic melanomas (54.8%) (p < 0.05). Among the IGFBP2-positive cases, moderate-to-strong immunostaining was observed in 64.7% of metastatic melanomas and 33.3% of primary melanomas. But none of the dysplastic nevi had moderate-to-strong immunostaining (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that IGFBP2 expression increases from benign and dysplastic nevi to primary and metastatic melanomas and suggests that it may play a role in melanoma progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Edmondson SR, Thumiger SP, Werther GA, Wraight CJ. Epidermal homeostasis: the role of the growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor systems. Endocr Rev 2003; 24:737-64. [PMID: 14671001 DOI: 10.1210/er.2002-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GH and IGF-I and -II were first identified by their endocrine activity. Specifically, IGF-I was found to mediate the linear growth-promoting actions of GH. It is now evident that these two growth factor systems also exert widespread activity throughout the body and that their actions are not always interconnected. The literature highlights the importance of the GH and IGF systems in normal skin homeostasis, including dermal/epidermal cross-talk. GH activity, sometimes mediated via IGF-I, is primarily evident in the dermis, particularly affecting collagen synthesis. In contrast, IGF action is an important feature of the dermal and epidermal compartments, predominantly enhancing cell proliferation, survival, and migration. The locally expressed IGF binding proteins play significant and complex roles, primarily via modulation of IGF actions. Disturbances in GH and IGF signaling pathways are implicated in the pathophysiology of several skin perturbations, particularly those exhibiting epidermal hyperplasia (e.g., psoriasis, carcinomas). Additionally, many studies emphasize the potential use of both growth factors in the treatment of skin wounds; for example, burn patients. This overview concerns the role and mechanisms of action of the GH and IGF systems in skin and maintenance of epidermal integrity in both health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Edmondson
- Centre for Hormone Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3052.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dupont J, Karas M, LeRoith D. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21CIP/WAF is a positive regulator of insulin-like growth factor I-induced cell proliferation in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:37256-64. [PMID: 12867429 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m302355200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the role of IGF-I receptor signaling on cell cycle events we utilized MCF-7 breast cancer cells. IGF-I at physiological concentrations increased the level of p21CIP/WAF mRNA after 4has well as protein after 8hby 10- and 6-fold, respectively, in MCF-7 cells. This IGF-1 effect was reduced by 50% in MCF-7-derived cells (SX13), which exhibit a 50% reduction in IGF-1R expression, demonstrating that IGF-1 receptor activation was involved in this process. Preincubation with the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 significantly reduced the IGF-1 effect on the amount of p21CIP/WAF protein in MCF-7 cells. These results were confirmed by the expression of a dominant negative construct for MEK-1 suggesting that the increase of the abundance of p21CIP/WAF in response to IGF-1 occurs via the ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Using an antisense strategy, we demonstrated that abolition of p21CIP/WAF expression decreased by 2-fold the IGF-1 effect on cell proliferation in MCF-7. This latter result is explained by a delay in G1 to S cell cycle progression due partly to a reduction in the activation of some components of cell cycle including the induction of cyclin D1 expression in response to IGF-1. MCF-7 cells transiently overexpressing p21 showed increased basal and IGF-I-induced thymidine incorporation. Taken together, these results define p21CIP/WAF as a positive regulator in the cell proliferation induced by IGF-1 in MCF-7 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Dupont
- Section on Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Diabetes Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1758, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bohula EA, Salisbury AJ, Sohail M, Playford MP, Riedemann J, Southern EM, Macaulay VM. The efficacy of small interfering RNAs targeted to the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) is influenced by secondary structure in the IGF1R transcript. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:15991-7. [PMID: 12604614 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m300714200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) is often overexpressed by tumors and mediates growth and apoptosis protection. We previously showed that antisense reagents complementary to the IGF1R translation start site enhance radio- and chemosensitivity and impair Atm function. However these agents induce relatively modest IGF1R down-regulation and affect insulin receptor levels. To identify alternative sites for molecular targeting, we utilized scanning oligonucleotide arrays to probe the secondary structure of IGF1R mRNA. This strategy enabled selection of antisense oligonucleotides that generated high heteroduplex yield with IGF1R but not insulin receptor transcripts. Antisense oligonucleotides that hybridized strongly to IGF1R mRNA caused IGF1R down-regulation within intact tumor cells, whereas weakly hybridizing oligonucleotides were inactive. Furthermore, the ability of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to block IGF1R expression correlated with the accessibility of the target sequence within the transcript. Thus, siRNAs corresponding to weakly hybridizing oligonucleotides caused minor IGF1R down-regulation, whereas siRNAs homologous to accessible targets induced profound sequence-specific IGF1R gene silencing, blocked IGF signaling, and enhanced tumor cell radiosensitivity. This indicates that secondary structure in the target transcript has a major effect on siRNA efficacy. These findings have implications for siRNA design and suggest that IGF1R-targeting agents incorporating this mode of action have potential as anticancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Bohula
- Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Minelli A, Liguori L, Collodel G, Lattaioli P, Castellini C. Effects of the purified IGF-I complex on the capacitation and acrosome reaction of rabbit spermatozoa. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 2001; 290:311-7. [PMID: 11479910 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A protein complex containing IGF-I, purified from rabbit seminal plasma, was used to investigate its effects on the capacitation and acrosome reaction of rabbit spermatozoa. Uncapacitated sperm (Pattern F), capacitated sperm (Pattern B), and acrosome-reacted sperm (Pattern AR) were determined by CTC staining, and the results were validated by PSA-staining. The addition of the IGF-I complex to the capacitative medium directed the spermatozoa to spontaneous acrosome reaction. On the other hand, IGF-I complex, added to capacitated spermatozoa, acted as inducer of the acrosome reaction. Results of IVF experiments showed high rates of fertilization with capacitated spermatozoa, acrosome-reacted by either A23187 or IGF I complex, whereas significantly lower rates were obtained with spermatozoa capacitated in the presence of IGF-I complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Minelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche e Biotecnologie Molecolari, Sezione di Biochimica Cellulare, Perugia, 06123 Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Macaulay VM, Salisbury AJ, Bohula EA, Playford MP, Smorodinsky NI, Shiloh Y. Downregulation of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor in mouse melanoma cells is associated with enhanced radiosensitivity and impaired activation of Atm kinase. Oncogene 2001; 20:4029-40. [PMID: 11494131 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2001] [Revised: 02/26/2001] [Accepted: 04/19/2001] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) is required for growth, tumorigenicity and protection from apoptosis. IGF1R overexpression is associated with radioresistance in breast cancer. We used antisense (AS) RNA to downregulate IGF1R expression in mouse melanoma cells. Cells expressing AS-IGF1R transcripts were more radiosensitive in vitro and in vivo than controls. Also they showed reduced radiation-induced p53 accumulation and p53 serine 18 phosphorylation, and radioresistant DNA synthesis. These changes were reminiscent of the cellular phenotype of the human genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), caused by mutations in the ATM gene. Cellular Atm protein levels were lower in AS-IGF1R-transfected cells than in control cells, although there was no difference in Atm expression at the transcriptional level. AS-IGF1R cells had detectable basal Atm kinase activity, but failed to induce kinase activity after irradiation. This suggests that IGF1R signalling can modulate the function of Atm, and supports the concept of targeted IGF1R downregulation as a potential treatment for malignant melanoma and other radioresistant tumours.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Ataxia Telangiectasia/pathology
- Down-Regulation
- Enzyme Activation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Melanoma, Experimental/enzymology
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Phenotype
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Radiation Tolerance/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/physiology
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/enzymology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/radiation effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/transplantation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V M Macaulay
- IGF Group, Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dupont J, Le Roith D. Insulin-like growth factor 1 and oestradiol promote cell proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells: new insights into their synergistic effects. Mol Pathol 2001; 54:149-54. [PMID: 11376126 PMCID: PMC1187053 DOI: 10.1136/mp.54.3.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2001] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and the oestrogen receptor (ER) are coexpressed and the two signalling systems are engaged in a crosstalk that results in synergistic growth. However, coupling between the signalling cascades is poorly understood. Oestradiol enhances IGF-1R signalling by inducing the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), a substrate of the IGF-1R. Oestradiol induced expression of IRS-1 results in enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 after IGF-1 stimulation, followed by enhanced mitogen activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3' kinase, and Akt activation. Oestradiol can also potentiate the effect of IGF-1 on the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E, and on the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (RB). These effects are greatly diminished in SX13 cells, which exhibit a 50% reduction in IGF-1R expression but few functional IGF-1Rs at the surface. Oestradiol and IGF-1 regulate the expression of two cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors, p21 and p27, differently. Whereas IGF-1 increases p21 expression and reduces p27 expression, oestradiol has no effect on p21. In summary, in MCF-7 cells, oestrogen potentiates the effect of IGF-1 on IGF-1R signalling and its effects on certain cell cycle components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Dupont
- Clinical Endocrinology Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892-1758, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|