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Yang X, Zhao H, Li R, Chen Y, Xu Z, Shang Z. Stromal thrombospondin 1 suppresses angiogenesis in oral submucous fibrosis. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:17. [PMID: 38403794 PMCID: PMC10894862 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A decline in mucosal vascularity is a histological hallmark of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), a premalignant disease that is largely induced by betel quid chewing. However, the lack of available models has challenged studies of angiogenesis in OSF. Here, we found that the expression of thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), an endogenous angiostatic protein, was elevated in the stroma of tissues with OSF. Using a fibroblast-attached organoid (FAO) model, the overexpression of THBS1 in OSF was stably recapitulated in vitro. In the FAO model, treatment with arecoline, a major pathogenic component in areca nuts, enhanced the secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 by epithelial cells, which then promoted the expression of THBS1 in fibroblasts. Furthermore, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incorporated into the FAO to mimic the vascularized component. Overexpression of THBS1 in fibroblasts drastically suppressed the sprouting ability of endothelial cells in vascularized FAOs (vFAOs). Consistently, treatment with arecoline reduced the expression of CD31 in vFAOs, and this effect was attenuated when the endothelial cells were preincubated with neutralizing antibody of CD36, a receptor of THBS1. Finally, in an arecoline-induced rat OSF model, THBS1 inhibition alleviated collagen deposition and the decline in vascularity in vivo. Overall, we exploited an assembled organoid model to study OSF pathogenesis and provide a rationale for targeting THBS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School of Stomatology-Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhengjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School of Stomatology-Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Rai A, Parveen S, Shree P, Ahmed T, Ali S, Kaur M, Sircar K, Sybil D, Chandra A. Salivary transforming growth factor beta in oral submucous fibrosis: A diagnostic and predictive marker. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:275-280. [PMID: 38554333 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1929_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Growth factors and cytokines like transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) play a key role in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. AIMS To elucidate the role of Salivary TGF-β isoforms as a predictive and diagnostic marker for oral submucous fibrosis. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A total of 30 OSMF and 10 control patients were included in this study, and their clinic-epidemiological data was recorded. METHODOLOGY The expression of TGF-β genes-TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3-was studied by a real-time polymerase chain reaction in tissue and saliva. Patients were given medicinal intervention for 12 weeks along with jaw-opening exercises. Expression of salivary TGF-β genes was studied at 12 weeks. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED SPSS software version 20. RESULT Expression of salivary TGF beta isoforms in OSMF was more than in the control group. There was an increase in salivary TGF-β1, β2, β3 expressions with increasing clinical grades of OSMF and advancing the stage of the disease. Expression of all the TGF beta isoforms was decreased after treatment with statistically significant results. Statistically significant correlations were found between the mean difference of TGF-β1 and the mean difference between mouth opening and tongue protrusion. CONCLUSION Salivary TGF-β isoforms may be used in diagnosis, risk assessment, and screening of the entire population at risk of OSMF after its clinical validation. However, adequate sample size and segmental assessment of the expression of TGF-β isoforms are needed for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Rai
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental College, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Bariatu, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shama Parveen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Milia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Shree
- Senior Research Fellow, Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental College, RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Tanveer Ahmed
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advance Research and Studies, Jamia Milia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi, India
| | - Sher Ali
- VC Office, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Milia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi, India
| | - Keya Sircar
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Milia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi, India
| | - Debora Sybil
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Milia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi, India
| | - Akhilesh Chandra
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Goldar GK, Singh HP, Maurya MK, Kumar S, Chandra M, Singh AB, Verma V, Mishra A. A Clinicopathological Study of OSMF to Evaluate the Response After Treatment with Intralesional Steroid Versus Intralesional Steroid Plus Hyaluronidase. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:3057-3062. [PMID: 37974707 PMCID: PMC10645688 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating and a well-recognized potentially malignant condition of the oral cavity, sometimes involving oropharynx associated with trismus and burning sensation. Apart from medical management and counselling, local injection of hyaluronidase mixed with triamcinolone acetonide has been used at our centre for the last 20 years with satisfactory clinical results and without any significant side effects. The problem with the treatment was that the doses and duration of treatment has not been standardized. Therefore, in this study, authors aim to evaluate and compare the efficacy of Triamcinolone alone versus Triamcinolone acetonide plus Hyaluronidase at weekly interval and improvement in Clinical and Histopathological staging of disease after 6 weeks of treatment. This study was conducted in Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head Neck Surgery, with a total sample of 80 participants divided into two Groups, group A received Inj. Triamcinolone acetonide and group B received Inj. Triamcinolone Acetonide and Hyaluronidase 1500 IU at weekly interval. Pre-treatment and post-treatment clinical and histopathological profile of the patients were recorded and analyzed using SPSS 16 software. According to pre-treatment status, the proportion of clinical grades I, II and III were found in proportion 12.5%, 18.8% and 15.0% respectively. No significant difference was found in proportion of various grades between the groups (p = 0.388). At post treatment, the grading was reduced with changed proportion of grades I, II and III cases as 33.8%, 41.3% and 7.5% respectively. There was no significant difference in proportion of various grades between the groups (p = 0.681). Further, the intragroup comparison showed significant improvement Pre to post in group A (p = 0.002), Group B (p < 0.001) and overall, as well (p < 0.001). The inj. Triamcinolone acetonide and Inj. Hyaluronidase showed a better improvement on post treatment histopathological grading although the difference between the two groups was not significant statistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar Goldar
- Department of Head & Neck surgery, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Sangrur, Punjab India
| | - Hitendra Prakash Singh
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head-Neck surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Malti Kumari Maurya
- Department of Pathology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head-Neck surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Manish Chandra
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head-Neck surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Abhishek Bahadur Singh
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head-Neck surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Veerendra Verma
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head-Neck surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Anupam Mishra
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head-Neck surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
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Salati NA, Sharma M, Rao NN, Shetty SS, Radhakrishnan RA. Role of osteopontin in oral epithelial dysplasia, oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:706-714. [PMID: 38304518 PMCID: PMC10829450 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_492_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory cells and cytokines in the chronically injured mucosa promote fibrosis in the oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) fibrotic milieu. Osteopontin (OPN) is a wound-healing mediator that upregulates the inflammatory response and is involved in the malignancy and fibrosis of multiple organ systems. Objectives We investigated the expression of OPN in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) to determine its role in the malignant transformation and fibrosis of oral tissues. The expression of OPN in OPMDs and OSCCs was compared and correlated, and the role of OPN as a fibrotic mediator in OSF was explained. Study Design A total of 30 cases of normal mucosa and OPMDs (mild dysplasia, severe dysplasia, OSF and OSCCs) were studied by purposive sampling. In these groups, OPN immunoreactivity was examined and correlated with clinical findings. Results In mild dysplasia, OPN expression was restricted to the basal cell layer with moderate staining intensity. In severe dysplasia, it was extremely intense and extended throughout the epithelium. In the OSF, OPN expression was moderate in the perinuclear areas of the basal cell layer. The expression of OPN was very strong in OSCC. A flow diagram explaining the profibrotic role of OPN in OSF has been provided. Conclusion A positive role of OPN in both pathogenesis and malignant transformation of OPMDs and OSCC has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir A. Salati
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, SGT Dental College Hospital and Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Nirmala N. Rao
- Former Dean, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Smitha S. Shetty
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghu A. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Bansal S, Pereira T, Desai RS, Jena A, Bobade PP, Patil M. Interplay of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 and 3 in the Pathogenesis of Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Its Malignant Transformation: An Immunohistochemical Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e42412. [PMID: 37637625 PMCID: PMC10448117 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic and potentially malignant oral condition that poses a significant public health issue due to its insidious nature. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a key player in the pathogenesis of OSF and is responsible for fibrosis. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 in OSF and its malignant transformation by using immunohistochemistry. Materials and method The present study comprised of 120 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples, which included 20 normal oral mucosa (NOM), 80 OSF (20 each of stage 1- 4), and 20 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (10 each of OSCC with and without OSF), and were stained for TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 by immunohistochemistry. Data were analyzed using R software version 4.1.2, GraphPad Prism 9.3.1 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA) and Excel (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA). Results TGF-β1 immunoexpression was negative in NOM with no significant difference among OSF and OSCC (with or without OSF). TGF-β3 was significantly higher in OSCC (with or without OSF) than in OSF, and no significant difference was noted between OSF and NOM and between OSCC and NOM. A significant increase was seen in TGF-β3 compared to TGF-β1 in NOM, OSF (stage 1- 4), and OSCC with and without OSF. Conclusion TGF-β3 has higher immunoexpression levels than TGF-β1 in NOM, OSF, and OSCC. We speculate that quantitative or qualitative TGF- β3 may be inadequate to prevent or attenuate fibrosis in OSF patients. There is also a modicum of probability that TGF-β3 has a preventive rather than causative role in OSF pathogenesis. The role of TGF-β3 in OSF needs further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Bansal
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Mumbai, IND
| | - Treville Pereira
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dentistry, D. Y. Patil University, Mumbai, IND
| | - Rajiv S Desai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Mumbai, IND
| | - Abinashi Jena
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Mumbai, IND
| | - Poorvashree P Bobade
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Mumbai, IND
| | - Madhura Patil
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Mumbai, IND
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Song SH, Han D, Park K, Um JE, Kim S, Ku M, Yang J, Yoo TH, Yook JI, Kim NH, Kim HS. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 attenuates pancreatic damage under diabetic conditions and prevents progression to diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of ferroptosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1172199. [PMID: 37293506 PMCID: PMC10244744 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1172199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 30% of diabetic patients develop diabetic nephropathy, a representative microvascular complication. Although the etiological mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated, renal tubular damage by hyperglycemia-induced expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is known to be involved. Recently, a new type of cell death by iron metabolism called ferroptosis was reported to be involved in kidney damage in animal models of diabetic nephropathy, which could be induced by TGF-β. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7) is a well-known antagonist of TGF-β inhibiting TGF-β-induced fibrosis in many organs. Further, BMP7 has been reported to play a role in the regeneration of pancreatic beta cells in diabetic animal models. Methods We used protein transduction domain (PTD)-fused BMP7 in micelles (mPTD-BMP7) for long-lasting in vivo effects and effective in vitro transduction and secretion. Results mPTD-BMP7 successfully accelerated the regeneration of diabetic pancreas and impeded progression to diabetic nephropathy. With the administration of mPTD-BMP7, clinical parameters and representative markers of pancreatic damage were alleviated in a mouse model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. It not only inhibited the downstream genes of TGF-β but also attenuated ferroptosis in the kidney of the diabetic mouse and TGF-β-stimulated rat kidney tubular cells. Conclusion BMP7 impedes the progression of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the canonical TGF-β pathway, attenuating ferroptosis, and helping regenerate diabetic pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Song
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawool Han
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeonghui Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo Eun Um
- R&D Center, MET Life Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghun Kim
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- R&D Center, MET Life Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Ku
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Systems Molecular Radiological Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Yang
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Systems Molecular Radiological Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Oral Submucous Fibrosis: Etiological Mechanism, Malignant Transformation, Therapeutic Approaches and Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054992. [PMID: 36902423 PMCID: PMC10003551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, progressive and potentially malignant oral disorder with a high regional incidence and malignant rate. With the development of the disease, the normal oral function and social life of patients are seriously affected. This review mainly introduces the various pathogenic factors and mechanisms of OSF, the mechanism of malignant transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and the existing treatment methods and new therapeutic targets and drugs. This paper summarizes the key molecules in the pathogenic and malignant mechanism of OSF, the miRNAs and lncRNAs with abnormal changes, and the natural compounds with therapeutic effects, which provides new molecular targets and further research directions for the prevention and treatment of OSF.
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Yadahalli R, Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Khan ZA, Vyas N, Kharat AH, Bhandi S, Awan KH, Patil S. CC group of chemokines and associated gene expression of transcription factors: Deciphering immuno-pathogenetic aspect of oral submucous fibrosis. Dis Mon 2023; 69:101351. [PMID: 35341590 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2022.101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic disease with significantly increasing malignant transformation rate. To date the pathogenesis of OSMF has been considered to be associated with areca nut constituents and their action on fibroblasts. However, fibrosis is also associated with immunological factors such as chemokines. In-depth analysis of such factors is the need of the hour in OSMF to better understand the pathogenesis so that effective therapeutic strategies can be developed in the future. MATERIALS AND METHOD Clinically diagnosed cases of OSMF (n=21) and healthy individuals (n=10) were enrolled in the present study. Chemokines such as CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CCL17, CCL28, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were assessed using the chemokine bead array in conjunction with the flow cytometry, along with real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The transcription factors CREB, NF-κB and NFAT5 were also studied for their expressions. The analysis of pg/ml (picogram/milliliter) values was done by using LEGENDplex™ Data Analysis Software. RESULTS The results obtained demonstrated early phase transient increase in CXCL-11, CCL20, CXCL9, CCL3, CCL2, CXCL10 and CXCL8. However, the expression of CCL3, CXCL10 and CXCL8 was higher in the late stage as compared to the early stage. The relative gene expression of CREB, NF-κB, NFAT5 were upregulated in the late stage of OSMF when compared to normal. CONCLUSION Distinctive sets of chemokine expression during the early and late stages of OSMF suggest a unique pattern of disease progression playing an important role in the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Yadahalli
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y.Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr.D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y.Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr.D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y.Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr.D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Zafar Ali Khan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Avinash H Kharat
- Regenerative medicine laboratory, Dr. D.Y.Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr.D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Shilpa Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamran Habib Awan
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Panda A, Mishra P, Mohanty A, Sundaragiri KS, Singh A, Jha K. Is Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition a New Roadway in the Pathogenesis of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e29636. [PMID: 36321045 PMCID: PMC9606484 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) collectively refers to a series of episodes that reshape polarized, intact epithelial cells into discrete motile cells that can conquer the extracellular matrix (ECM). It performs a pivotal role in embryonic development, wound healing, and tissue repair. Surprisingly, the exact mechanism can also lead to the onset of malignancy and organ fibrosis contributing to scar formation and loss of function. transforming growth factor signaling, WNT signaling, Notch signaling, Hedgehog signaling, and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, as well as non-transcriptional changes in response to extracellular cues, such as growth factors and cytokines, hypoxia, and contact with the surrounding ECM, are responsible for the initiation of EMT. Although the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is multifactorial, compelling evidence suggests that it results from collagen deregulation. EMT is one of the spotlight events in the pathogenesis of OSMF, with myofibroblasts and keratinocytes being the victim cells. EMT is an essential step in both physiological and pathological events. The importance of EMT in the malignant development of OSMF and the inflammatory reaction preceding fibrosis implies a new upcoming area of research. This review aims to focus on the EMT events that function as a double-edged sword between wound healing and fibrosis and further discuss the mechanisms along with the molecular pathways that direct changes in gene expression essential for the same in the oral cavity. As OSMF involves a risk of malignant transformation, understanding the cellular and molecular events will open more avenues for therapeutic breakthroughs targeting EMT.
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Jishnu PV, Shenoy US, Sharma M, Chopra A, Radhakrishnan R. Comprehensive analysis of microRNAs and their target genes in oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Padacherri Vethil Jishnu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal
| | - U Sangeetha Shenoy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology SGT Dental College Hospital & Research Institute Gurugram Haryana‐122505
| | - Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal
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Modulation by 17,20S(OH) 2pD of Fibrosis-Related Mediators in Dermal Fibroblast Lines from Healthy Donors and from Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010367. [PMID: 35008794 PMCID: PMC8745512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the non-calcemic pregnacalciferol (pD) analog 17,20S (OH)2pD suppressed TGF-β1-induced type I collagen production in cultured normal human dermal fibroblasts. In the present studies, we examined fibroblasts cultured from the lesional skin of patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma (SSc)) and assessed the effects of 17,20S(OH)2pD on fibrosis-related mediators. Dermal fibroblast lines were established from skin biopsies from patients with SSc and healthy controls. Fibroblasts were cultured with either 17,20S(OH)2pD or 1,25(OH)2D3 (positive control) with/without TGF-β1 stimulation and extracted for protein and/or mRNA for collagen synthesis and mediators of fibrosis (MMP-1, TIMP-1, PAI-1, BMP-7, PGES, GLI1, and GLI2). 1 7,20S(OH)2pD (similar to 1,25(OH)2D3) significantly suppressed net total collagen production in TGF-β1-stimulated normal donor fibroblast cultures and in cultures of SSc dermal fibroblasts. 17,20S(OH)2pD (similar to 1,25(OH)2D3) also increased MMP-1, BMP-7, and PGES and decreased TIMP-1 and PAI1 expression in SSc fibroblasts. Although 17,20S(OH)2pD had no effect on Gli1 or Gli2 in SSc fibroblasts, it increased Gli2 expression when cultured with TGF-β1 in normal fibroblasts. These studies demonstrated that 17,20S(OH)2pD modulates mediators of fibrosis to favor the reduction of fibrosis and may offer new noncalcemic secosteroidal therapeutic approaches for treating SSc and fibrosis.
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He Y, Wang W, Jiang P, Yang L, Guo Q, Xiang J, Gao Y, Wang Y, Chen R. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: Their Functional Mechanisms and Recent Research Progress. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5787-5800. [PMID: 34764671 PMCID: PMC8578048 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s337014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that most genomes are transcribed into non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which can affect different cell characteristics. LncRNAs are long heterologous RNAs that regulate gene expression and various signaling pathways during homeostasis and development. Studies have shown that a lncRNA is an important regulatory molecule that can be targeted to change the physiology and function of cells. Expression or dysfunction of lncRNAs is closely related to various genetic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. The importance of ncRNAs in oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) has garnered much attention in recent years. However, most research has focused on miRs. The role of these molecules in OSF is incompletely understood. This review focuses on the emerging role and function of lncRNAs in OSF as novel regulators. Finally, the potential functional role of lncRNAs as biomarkers for OSF diagnosis is also described. LncRNAs are expected to become a new therapeutic target, but more research is needed to understand their biological functions more deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong He
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guo
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Xiang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Gao
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyin Wang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Chen
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
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Shetty SS, Sharma M, Kabekkodu SP, Kumar NA, Satyamoorthy K, Radhakrishnan R. Understanding the molecular mechanism associated with reversal of oral submucous fibrosis targeting hydroxylysine aldehyde-derived collagen cross-links. J Carcinog 2021; 20:9. [PMID: 34526855 PMCID: PMC8411980 DOI: 10.4103/jcar.jcar_24_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological state characterized by excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix components leading to impaired tissue function in the affected organ. It results in scarring of the affected tissue akin to an over-healing wound as a consequence of chronic inflammation and repair in response to injury. Persistent trauma of susceptible oral mucosa due to habitual chewing of betel quid resulting in zealous healing of the mucosal tissue is one plausible explanation for the onset of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). The irreversibility and resistance of collagen to degradation and its high potential to undergo malignant change are a major reason for morbidity in OSF. Hence, early diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial to prevent the progression of OSF to malignancy. This review focuses on the mechanistic insight into the role of collagen cross-links in advancing fibrosis and possible therapeutic targets that bring about a reversal of fibrosis. These options may be beneficial if attempted as a specific therapeutic modality in OSF as is in organ fibrosis. The upregulation of lysyl oxidase and lysyl hydroxylase has been shown to exhibit the higher levels of the hydroxylysine aldehyde-derived cross-links in fibrosis and tumor stroma promoting the tumor cell survival, resistance, and invasion. The in silico analysis highlights the potential drugs that may target the genes regulating collagen crosslinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Sammith Shetty
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Nv Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
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Small Molecule "Silmitasertib" Repurposed as Inhibitor of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 for the Development of Therapeutics for Oral Submucous Fibrosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6631848. [PMID: 33869629 PMCID: PMC8035005 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6631848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is considered a premalignant condition characterized by aggressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues of the oral cavity reflecting its malignant transformation potential. Activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling has been reported to lead increased collagen production and fibrosis. Recently, significant upregulation of TGF-β1 has been reported in OSMF as compared to normal tissues. Therefore, inhibition of the TGF-β1 may pave for the development of therapeutics of OSMF. Based on the structure-assisted drug designing, we found "silmitasertib" as potent inhibitor of TGF-β1. We suggest that this molecule can be validated and implemented for the treatment of OSMF.
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Kundu P, Pant I, Jain R, Rao SG, Kondaiah P. Genome-wide DNA methylation changes in oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1094-1103. [PMID: 33615634 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a debilitating potentially malignant condition of the buccal cavity characterized by extensive extracellular matrix deposition resulting in stiffness and trismus. As OSF is a progressive disease, we hypothesized that there would be extensive epigenetic changes in OSF tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip Array, we analyzed gross DNA methylation changes in seven OSF tissues compared to five controls. Comparison with transcriptomic data and pathway analyses was conducted to find commonly regulated genes. RESULTS A total of 3,294 differentially methylated regions mapping to 857 genes were identified. Comparison with transcriptome data revealed 38 downregulated-hypermethylated genes and 55 hypomethylated-upregulated genes. Using methylation-specific and qRT-PCR, aberrant hypomethylation and increased expression of FGF13, RPS6KA3, and ACSL4 genes were confirmed. Pathways involved in insulin signaling, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, nicotine addiction, and RAS/MAPK pathways were dysregulated, among others. Intriguingly, numerous genes located on the X chromosome were dysregulated in OSF tissues as the transcript for XIST gene was downregulated due to hypermethylation of the XIST promoter. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights global epigenetic dysregulation of tissues of the oral cavity in OSF patients and hints at possible X chromosomal dysregulation, previously not implicated in the pathogenesis of OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Kundu
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ila Pant
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ruchi Jain
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Somanahalli Girish Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, D.A Pandu Memorial RV Dental College, Bangalore, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Shah AM, Jain K, Desai RS, Bansal S, Shirsat P, Prasad P, Bodhankar K. The Role of Increased Connective Tissue Growth Factor in the Pathogenesis of Oral Submucous Fibrosis and its Malignant Transformation-An Immunohistochemical Study. Head Neck Pathol 2021; 15:817-830. [PMID: 33544386 PMCID: PMC8384978 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a matricellular protein of the CCN family of extracellular matrix-associated heparin-binding proteins, is highly expressed in various organ fibrosis and several malignant tumors. Although a few studies have been conducted using CTGF in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma, no study has demonstrated its relation with various stages of OSF and its malignant transformation. The present study investigated the possible role of CTGF in the pathogenesis of OSF and its malignant transformation by using immunohistochemistry. Ten formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, each of Stage 1 OSF, Stage 2 OSF, Stage 3 OSF, Stage 4 OSF, well- differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC) with OSF and WDSCC without OSF were stained for CTGF by immunohistochemistry. Ten cases of healthy buccal mucosa (NOM) were included as controls. The present study demonstrated a statistically significant expression of CTGF in the epithelium and connective tissue of OSF and WDSCC with and without OSF cases against its complete absence in NOM. We observed an upregulation of CTGF expression from NOM to various stages of OSF to WDSCC with or without OSF. A gradual upregulation of the CTGF expression in various stages of OSF to WDSCC (with and without OSF) against its complete absence in NOM suggests that CTGF plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OSF and its malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kejal Jain
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Rajiv S. Desai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Shivani Bansal
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Pankaj Shirsat
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Pooja Prasad
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Kshitija Bodhankar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
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17
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Genetic Susceptibility and Protein Expression of Extracellular Matrix Turnover-Related Genes in Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218104. [PMID: 33143101 PMCID: PMC7663238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) chewing increased the risk of oral cancer and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), an oral premalignant disorder (OPMD) with malignant transformation potential. BQ components such as areca nut (AN), trauma by coarse AN fiber, catechin, copper, alkaloids, stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation and cytotoxicity are suggested to be the contributing factors. They may induce tissue inflammation, proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen deposition, myofibroblast differentiation and contraction, collagen cross-links and inhibit collagen phagocytosis, finally leading to the development of OSMF and oral cancer. These events are mediated by BQ components-induced changes of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover via regulation of TGF-β1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), cystatin, lysyl oxidase (LOX) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and metalloproteinases (MMPs). Genetic susceptibility is also involved in these disease processes. Further understanding the molecular mechanisms of BQ-induced OSMF and oral cancer can be helpful for future disease prevention and treatment.
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Shetty SS, Sharma M, Fonseca FP, Jayaram P, Tanwar AS, Kabekkodu SP, Kapaettu S, Radhakrishnan R. Signaling pathways promoting epithelial mesenchymal transition in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2020; 56:97-108. [PMID: 32874377 PMCID: PMC7452314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process that occurs during the embryonic development, wound healing, organ fibrosis and the onset of malignancy. Emerging evidence suggests that the EMT is involved in the invasion and metastasis of cancers. The inflammatory reaction antecedent to fibrosis in the onset of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and the role of EMT in its malignant transformation indicates a hitherto unexplored involvement of EMT. This review focuses on the role of EMT markers which are regulators of the EMT mediated complex network of molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of OSF and OSCC. Further the gene enrichment analysis and pathway analysis supports the association of the upregulated and downregulated genes in various EMT regulating pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Sammith Shetty
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad 121004, India
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pradyumna Jayaram
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Ankit Singh Tanwar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Satyamoorthy Kapaettu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
- Corresponding author.
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Wang YC, Huang JL, Lee KW, Lu HH, Lin YJ, Chen LF, Wang CS, Cheng YC, Zeng ZT, Chu PY, Lin CS. Downregulation of the DNA Repair Gene DDB2 by Arecoline Is through p53's DNA-Binding Domain and Is Correlated with Poor Outcome of Head and Neck Cancer Patients with Betel Quid Consumption. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082053. [PMID: 32722430 PMCID: PMC7465463 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arecoline is the principal alkaloid in the areca nut, a component of betel quids (BQs), which are carcinogenic to humans. Epidemiological studies indicate that BQ-chewing contributes to the occurrence of head and neck cancer (HNC). Previously, we have reported that arecoline (0.3 mM) is able to inhibit DNA repair in a p53-dependent pathway, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here we demonstrated that arecoline suppressed the expression of DDB2, which is transcriptionally regulated by p53 and is required for nucleotide excision repair (NER). Ectopic expression of DDB2 restored NER activity in arecoline-treated cells, suggesting that DDB2 downregulation was critical for arecoline-mediated NER inhibition. Mechanistically, arecoline inhibited p53-induced DDB2 promoter activity through the DNA-binding but not the transactivation domain of p53. Both NER and DDB2 promoter activities declined in the chronic arecoline-exposed cells, which were consistent with the downregulated DDB2 mRNA in BQ-associated HNC specimens, but not in those of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (no BQ exposure). Lower DDB2 mRNA expression was correlated with a poor outcome in HNC patients. These data uncover one of mechanisms underlying arecoline-mediated carcinogenicity through inhibiting p53-regulated DDB2 expression and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.W.); (H.-H.L.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.-F.C.); (C.-S.W.)
| | - Jau-Ling Huang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan; (J.-L.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (Z.-T.Z.)
| | - Ka-Wo Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan;
| | - Hsing-Han Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.W.); (H.-H.L.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.-F.C.); (C.-S.W.)
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan; (J.-L.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (Z.-T.Z.)
| | - Yuan-Jen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.W.); (H.-H.L.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.-F.C.); (C.-S.W.)
| | - Long-Fong Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.W.); (H.-H.L.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.-F.C.); (C.-S.W.)
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Sheng Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.W.); (H.-H.L.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.-F.C.); (C.-S.W.)
| | - Yun-Chiao Cheng
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan; (J.-L.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (Z.-T.Z.)
| | - Zih-Ting Zeng
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan; (J.-L.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (Z.-T.Z.)
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.W.); (H.-H.L.); (Y.-J.L.); (L.-F.C.); (C.-S.W.)
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or
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20
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Rai A, Ahmad T, Parveen S, Parveen S, Faizan MI, Ali S. Expression of transforming growth factor beta in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 10:166-170. [PMID: 32489816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant condition mainly caused by areca nut chewing and is characterized by progressive fibrosis of submucosal tissues and epithelial atrophy. Activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling is considered main causative event for increased collagen production and fibrosis. In this study, molecular pathogenesis of OSMF was investigated based on the expression of the TGF-β genes in OSMF tissues compared to normal controls. Methods A total of 33 OSMF and 10 normal tissues were collected from patients and their clinic-epidemiological data was recorded. The expression of TGF-β isoform genes- TGF β1, TGF β2, TGF β3 and its receptor TGF βR1, TGF βR2 was studied by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Comparison of the expression of these genes among normal controls and OSMF patients was done. The PCR results were confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical staining. Results The histological changes included atrophic epithelium, loss of rete ridges, presence of inflammatory cells and dense collagen bundles in connective tissue. PCR showed statistically significant upregulation of TGF-β isoforms in OSMF as compared to normal tissues. Of the three isoforms, maximum fold change was observed in TGF-β1. Similarly, both TGF-βR1 and TGF-βR2 were found to be elevated in OSMF tissues compared to normal. The semi-quantitative analysis by immunohistochemical staining revealed statistically significant difference between normal and OSMF tissues. Conclusion TGF-β signaling plays a major role in the molecular pathogenesis of OSMF as shown by increased mRNA expression of all the three TGF-β isotypes and their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Rai
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.,Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, India
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advance Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shama Parveen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Saba Parveen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imam Faizan
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advance Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sher Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Kondaiah P, Pant I, Khan I. Molecular pathways regulated by areca nut in the etiopathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. Periodontol 2000 2019; 80:213-224. [PMID: 31090136 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many oral mucosal lesions are due to substance abuse, such as tobacco and areca nut, amongst others. There is considerable evidence that oral lesions/disorders such as some leukoplakias, most erythroplakias, and submucous fibrosis have malignant potential, with a conversion rate of 5%-10% over a 10-year period. There have been several reports on possible biomarkers that predict malignant conversion of the oral lesions associated with these disorders. Management of these is mostly surgical removal of the lesion followed by observation, and in some cases treatment by antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. Oral submucous fibrosis is due to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in the connective tissue plus, particularly, collagens. The deposition of collagen leads to stiffness of the affected regions and results in difficulty in mouth opening. Areca nut chewing is proposed as the most probable etiological factor in the manifestation of oral submucous fibrosis. Several studies suggest involvement of proinflammatory cytokines, dysregulated by areca nut, in the development of the disease. Amongst these, transforming growth factor-β is in the forefront, which is also shown to be involved in fibrosis of other organs. This review addresses the molecular mechanisms involved in oral submucous fibrosis development and provides a model for the regulation of transforming growth factor-β by areca nut. It provides an exemplar of the role of modern molecular techniques in the study of oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ila Pant
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Imran Khan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, NCI, National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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22
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Adtani P, Narasimhan M, Ranganathan K, Punnoose A, Prasad P, Natarajan PM. Characterization of oral fibroblasts: An in vitro model for oral fibrosis. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2019; 23:198-202. [PMID: 31516223 PMCID: PMC6714264 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_28_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating condition of the oral mucosa that has been classified as a potentially malignant disorder with a malignant transformation rate of 2%–8%. Several in vitro and in vivo experiments have been performed to formulate a treatment modality for OSMF, yet no ideal in vitro primary oral fibroblast model has been developed. Aim: To establish an in vitro primary oral fibroblast model. Setting and Design: In vitro laboratory setting. Materials and Methodology: Primary cell culture protocol was performed after obtaining normal oral tissue. Karyotyping was performed to rule out chromosomal abnormalities. Immunofluorescence staining was carried with a panel of fibroblast-specific markers (vimentin, phalloidin, transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 [TGFβR1] and s100a4) and Masson trichrome staining (MTS) to demonstrate the presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) qualitatively. Results: A monolayer of oral fibroblasts was observed on the 9th-day postseeding. No chromosomal abnormality was observed in the patient samples. Positive staining was observed with vimentin, phalloidin, TGFβR1 and s100a4, thereby confirming the cell type. MTS revealed fibroblasts with spindle morphology and scanty ECM. Conclusion: The present study lays down a protocol to design and characterize primary buccal fibroblast cell culture model that would aid researchers in performing in vitro preliminary experiments in areas concerning fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Adtani
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Malathi Narasimhan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannan Ranganathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alan Punnoose
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prathibha Prasad
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Prabhu Manickam Natarajan
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Quantitative proteomic profiling of extracellular matrix and site-specific collagen post-translational modifications in an in vitro model of lung fibrosis. Matrix Biol Plus 2019; 1:100005. [PMID: 33543004 PMCID: PMC7852317 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), in particular collagens, by fibroblasts in the interstitium. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) alters the expression of many extracellular matrix (ECM) components produced by fibroblasts, but such changes in ECM composition as well as modulation of collagen post-translational modification (PTM) levels have not been comprehensively investigated. Here, we performed mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics analyses to assess changes in the ECM deposited by cultured lung fibroblasts from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients upon stimulation with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). In addition to the ECM changes commonly associated with lung fibrosis, MS-based label-free quantification revealed profound effects on enzymes involved in ECM crosslinking and turnover as well as multiple positive and negative feedback mechanisms of TGF-β1 signaling. Notably, the ECM changes observed in this in vitro model correlated significantly with ECM changes observed in patient samples. Because collagens are subject to multiple PTMs with major implications in disease, we implemented a new bioinformatic platform to analyze MS data that allows for the comprehensive mapping and site-specific quantitation of collagen PTMs in crude ECM preparations. These analyses yielded a comprehensive map of prolyl and lysyl hydroxylations as well as lysyl glycosylations for 15 collagen chains. In addition, site-specific PTM analysis revealed novel sites of prolyl-3-hydroxylation and lysyl glycosylation in type I collagen. Interestingly, the results show, for the first time, that TGF-β1 can modulate prolyl-3-hydroxylation and glycosylation in a site-specific manner. Taken together, this proof of concept study not only reveals unanticipated TGF-β1 mediated regulation of collagen PTMs and other ECM components but also lays the foundation for dissecting their key roles in health and disease. The proteomic data has been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the MassIVE partner repository with the data set identifier MSV000082958. Quantitative proteomics of TGF-β-induced changes in ECM composition and collagen PTM in pulmonary fibroblasts TGF-β promotes crosslinking and turnover as well as complex feedback mechanisms that alter fibroblast ECM homeostasis. A novel bioinformatic workflow for MS data analysis enabled global mapping and quantitation of known and novel collagen PTMs Quantitative assessment of prolyl-3-hydroxylation site occupancy and lysine-O-glycosylation microheterogeneity TGF-β1 modulates collagen PTMs in a site-specific manner that may favor collagen accumulation in lung fibrosis
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Key Words
- 3-HyP, 3-hydroxyproline
- 4-HyP, 4-hydroxyproline
- AGC, automatic gain control
- ANXA11, annexin A11
- BGN, biglycan
- COL1A1, collagen-I alpha 1 chain
- Collagen
- Collagen post-translational modifications
- DCN, decorin
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Extracellular matrix
- FN1, fibronectin 1
- G-HyK, galactosylhydroxylysine
- GG-HyK, glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine
- HyK, hydroxylysine
- HyP, hydroxyproline
- ILD, interstitial lung disease
- IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- LH, lysyl hydroxylase
- LOX(L), lysyl oxidase(-like)
- LTBP2, latent-transforming growth factor β -binding protein 2
- Lysyl glycosylation
- Lysyl hydroxylation
- P3H, prolyl-3-hydroxylase
- P4H, prolyl-4-hydroxylase
- PAI1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PLOD (LH), procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenases (lysyl hydroxylases)
- PTM, post-translational modification
- Prolyl hydroxylation
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- SEMA7A, semaphorin 7a
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TGM2, transglutaminase 1
- Transforming growth factor-β
- VCAN, versican
- Xaa, Xaa position in the Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeat in triple-helical collagen
- Yaa, Yaa position in the Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeat in triple-helical collagen
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Hsieh YP, Wu KJ, Chen HM, Deng YT. Arecoline activates latent transforming growth factor β1 via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in buccal fibroblasts: Suppression by epigallocatechin-3-gallate. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 117:527-534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Zanetti F, Sewer A, Scotti E, Titz B, Schlage WK, Leroy P, Kondylis A, Vuillaume G, Iskandar AR, Guedj E, Trivedi K, Schneider T, Elamin A, Martin F, Frentzel S, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Assessment of the impact of aerosol from a potential modified risk tobacco product compared with cigarette smoke on human organotypic oral epithelial cultures under different exposure regimens. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 115:148-169. [PMID: 29505817 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is affecting considerably the oral mucosa. Heating, instead of burning, tobacco reduces consistently the amount of toxic compounds and may exert a lower impact on oral health than combusted cigarettes. The carbon-heated tobacco product 1.2 (CHTP1.2) is a potential modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) based on heat-not-burn technology. Using a systems toxicology assessment framework, we compared the effects of exposure to CHTP1.2 aerosol with those of CS from a reference cigarette (3R4F). Human organotypic cultures derived from buccal and gingival epithelia were exposed acutely (28-min) or repeatedly (28 min/day for 3 days), respectively, to two matching concentrations of CHTP1.2 aerosol or 3R4F CS, and a non-diluted (100%) CHTP1.2 aerosol. The results showed an absence of cytotoxicity, reduction in pathophysiological alterations, toxicological marker proteins, and inflammatory mediators following exposure to CHTP1.2 aerosol compared with 3R4F CS. Changes in mRNA and miRNA expression were linked by an integrative analysis approach, suggesting a regulatory role of miRNAs in several smoke/disease-relevant biological processes induced by 3R4F CS. The identification of mechanisms by which potential MRTPs can reduce the impact of tobacco use on biological systems is of great importance in understanding the molecular basis of the smoking harm reduction paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Zanetti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Alain Sewer
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Elena Scotti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Walter K Schlage
- Biology Consultant, Max-Baermann-Str. 21, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Patrice Leroy
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Vuillaume
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anita R Iskandar
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Keyur Trivedi
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schneider
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ashraf Elamin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Fekrazad R, Sarrafzadeh A, Kalhori KA, Khan I, Arany PR, Giubellino A. Improved Wound Remodeling Correlates with Modulated TGF-beta Expression in Skin Diabetic Wounds Following Combined Red and Infrared Photobiomodulation Treatments. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:775-779. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fekrazad
- Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences; AJA University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Arash Sarrafzadeh
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Imran Khan
- National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Praveen R. Arany
- National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
- Oral Biology and Biomedical Engineering; University at Buffalo; Buffalo NY USA
| | - Alessio Giubellino
- National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN USA
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Das T, Prodhan C, Patsa S, Ray JG, Chaudhuri K. Identification of over expressed proteins in oral submucous fibrosis by proteomic analysis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4361-4371. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapasi Das
- Molecular Genetics DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
| | - Chandraday Prodhan
- Molecular Genetics DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
| | - Santanu Patsa
- Department of Oral PathologyDr. R Ahmed Dental College and HospitalKolkataIndia
| | - Jay Gopal Ray
- Department of Oral PathologyDr. R Ahmed Dental College and HospitalKolkataIndia
| | - Keya Chaudhuri
- Molecular Genetics DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
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28
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Protection of tubular epithelial cells during renal injury via post-transcriptional control of BMP7. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 435:141-148. [PMID: 28526933 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Severe injury of renal tubular epithelial cells may cause acute renal failure, the progression of which results in renal fibrosis, and obstructive nephropathy. Transforming growth factor β 1 and bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) play contradicting roles in and coordinate the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular epithelial cells, but the molecular regulation of BMP7 remains ill-defined. Here, we addressed this question. We found that after induction of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice, the increases in BMP7 mRNA were much more pronounced than BMP7 protein in kidney, suggesting the presence of post-transcriptional control of BMP7. Moreover, significant increases in a BMP7-targeting microRNA, miR-384-5p, were detected in the mouse kidney post UUO. Overexpression of miR-384-5p significantly decreased BMP7 protein, while depletion of miR-384-5p significantly increased BMP7 protein in renal epithelial cells. Bioinformatics study showed that miR-384-5p appeared to suppress BMP7 protein translation, through its direct binding to the 3'-UTR of BMP7 mRNA. Furthermore, suppression of miR-384-5p in vivo attenuated severity of renal injury by UUO. Together, our study sheds light on miR-384-5p as a crucial factor that regulates the fibrosis-related pathogenesis after renal injury, and points to miR-384-5p as a promising innovative therapeutic target for prevention of renal fibrosis.
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29
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Arakeri G, Rai KK, Hunasgi S, Merkx M, Gao S, Brennan PA. Oral submucous fibrosis: An update on current theories of pathogenesis. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 46:406-412. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj Arakeri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Navodaya Dental College and Hospital; Raichur Karnataka India
| | - Kirthi Kumar Rai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Bapuji Dental College and Hospital; Davangere Karnataka India
| | - Santosh Hunasgi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; Navodaya Dental College and Hospital; Raichur Karnataka India
| | - M.A.W. Merkx
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Shan Gao
- Suzhou Ribo Life Science Co. Ltd.; Jiangsu China
- Xiangya Hospital and School of Stomatology; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Peter A. Brennan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery; Queen Alexandra Hospital; Cosham Portsmouth UK
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30
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Chang JZC, Hsieh YP, Lin WH, Chen HM, Kuo MYP. Activation of transforming growth factor-β1 by thrombin via integrins αvβ1, αvβ3, and αvβ5 in buccal fibroblasts: Suppression by epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Head Neck 2017; 39:1436-1445. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Zwei-Chieng Chang
- School of Dentistry; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Hsieh
- School of Dentistry; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Lin
- School of Dentistry; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ming Chen
- School of Dentistry; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Mark Yen-Ping Kuo
- School of Dentistry; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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Damineni S, Balaji SA, Shettar A, Nayanala S, Kumar N, Kruthika BS, Subramanian K, Vijayakumar M, Mukherjee G, Gupta V, Kondaiah P. Expression of tripartite motif-containing protein 28 in primary breast carcinoma predicts metastasis and is involved in the stemness, chemoresistance, and tumor growth. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695919. [PMID: 28381187 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The prediction of who develops metastasis has been the most difficult aspect in the management of breast cancer patients. The lymph node metastasis has been the most useful predictor of prognosis and patient management. However, a good proportion of patients with lymph node positivity remain disease free for 5 years or more, while about a third of those who were lymph node negative develop distant metastasis within the same period. This warrants a robust biomarker(s), preferably gene expression based. In order to elucidate gene-based biomarkers for prognosis of breast cancers, gene expression profiling of primary tumors and follow-up for over 5 years has been performed. The analysis revealed a network of genes centered around the tripartite motif-containing protein 28 as an important indicator of disease progression. Short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of tripartite motif-containing protein 28 in breast cancer cells revealed a decreased expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers and increased expression of epithelial markers, decreased migration and invasion, and increased chemosensitivity to doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, and methotrexate. Furthermore, knockdown of tripartite motif-containing protein 28 resulted in the decrease of stemness as revealed by sphere formation assay as well as decreased expression of CD44 and Bmi1. Moreover, tripartite motif-containing protein 28 knockdown significantly reduced the tumor size and lung metastasis in orthotopic tumor xenograft assay in immunocompromised mice. The tumor size was further reduced when these mice were treated with doxorubicin. These data provide evidence for tripartite motif-containing protein 28 as a biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Daga D, Singh RK, Pal US, Gurung T, Gangwar S. Efficacy of oral colchicine with intralesional hyaluronidase or triamcinolone acetonide in the Grade II oral submucous fibrosis. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2017; 8:50-54. [PMID: 28761276 PMCID: PMC5512409 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder of oral mucosa affecting mainly population in South and Southeast Asia. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of oral colchicine with intralesional injection of hyaluronidase or injection triamcinolone acetonide in patients with Grade II OSMF. Materials and Methods: The study included thirty patients of clinically diagnosed Grade II OSMF. Patients were divided randomly into two groups: Group A patients were treated by administrating tablet colchicine 0.5 mg twice daily with an intralesional injection of hyaluronidase 1500 IU with 0.5 ml of lignocaine hydrochloride at weekly interval for 12 weeks. Group B patients were treated by administering tablet colchicine 0.5 mg twice daily with an intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide 10 mg/ml at weekly interval for 12 weeks. Clinical diagnosis was based on burning sensation in mouth, blanching of mucosa, presence of vesicles or ulceration in oral cavity, and reduced mouth opening. Outcome assessment was done at intervals of 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Results: Improvement in mouth opening and reduction in burning sensation was seen more in Group A patients. Improvement in blanching of mucosa was seen in both the groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, use of injection hyaluronidase with oral colchicine gave better results in terms of increase in mouth opening and improvement in burning sensation without notable side effects. However, for a definite conclusion, further study with large sample size and long follow-up is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Daga
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - U S Pal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tikaram Gurung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shilpi Gangwar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Yu Z, Zai-Chun X, Wun-Lun H, Yun-Yun Z. BMP-7 Attenuates TGF-β1-Induced Fibronectin Secretion and Apoptosis of NRK-52E Cells by the Suppression of miRNA-21. Oncol Res 2016; 23:147-54. [PMID: 27053343 PMCID: PMC7838750 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14519157902645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) inhibited the pathogenesis of renal injury in response to a variety of stimuli. However, little is known about the molecular regulation and mechanism of endogenous BMP-7 and its renoprotective functions. This study examined the regulation of BMP-7 and its role in the fibronectin secretion and apoptosis of NRK-52E cells resulting from transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in vitro. Results showed that TGF-β1 promoted factor-associated suicide (FAS), FAS ligand (FASL), fibronectin (FN), and miRNA-21 expression, while it downregulated phospho-Smad1 (pSmad1), pSmad5, and pSmad8 expressions in NRK-52E cells. In contrast, BMP-7 alleviated TGF-β1-induced cell apoptosis, inhibited TGF-β1-induced higher expression of miRNA-21 and FN, and enhanced TGF-β1-attenuated phosphorylation of Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8. Furthermore, a chemical inhibitor of miRNA-21 also negatively affected TGF-β1-induced apoptosis and FN secretion. On the other hand, overexpression of miRNA-21 counteracted the inhibitory effect of BMP-7 on TGF-β1-induced FN secretion and apoptosis. However, BMP-7 showed no effects on TGF-β1-induced FN secretion and apoptosis following knockdown of miRNA-21. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that BMP-7 might inhibit TGF-β1-induced FN secretion and apoptosis by the suppression of miRNA-21 in NRK-52E cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Role of areca nut induced JNK/ATF2/Jun axis in the activation of TGF-β pathway in precancerous Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34314. [PMID: 27708346 PMCID: PMC5052620 DOI: 10.1038/srep34314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is potentially premalignant with progressive and irreversible extracellular matrix deposition accompanied by epithelial atrophy and like other fibrotic disorders, is primarily a TGF-β driven disease. OSF is caused by prolonged chewing of areca nut. Our previous studies reported a pivotal role for TGF-β activation and its effects contributing to OSF. However, the mechanism for activation of TGF-β signaling in OSF is still unknown. In this study we demonstrate activation of TGF-β signaling with sub-cytotoxic dose of areca nut in epithelial cells and discovered a key role for pJNK in this process. In good correlation; pJNK was detected in OSF tissues but not in normal tissues. Moreover, activation of JNK was found to be dependent on muscarinic acid receptor induced Ca2+/CAMKII as well as ROS. JNK dependent phosphorylation of ATF2/c-Jun transcription factors resulted in TGF-β transcription and its signaling. pATF2/p-c-Jun were enriched on TGF-β promoter and co-localized in nuclei of epithelial cells upon areca nut treatment. In corroboration, OSF tissue sections also had nuclear pATF2 and p-c-Jun. Our results provide comprehensive mechanistic details of TGF-β signaling induced by etiological agent areca nut in the manifestation of fibrosis which can lead to new therapeutic modalities for OSF.
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35
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Chen HC, Tseng YK, Chi CC, Chen YH, Yang CM, Huang SJ, Lee YC, Liou HH, Tsai KW, Ger LP. Genetic variants in microRNA-146a (C>G) and microRNA-1269b (G>C) are associated with the decreased risk of oral premalignant lesions, oral cancer, and pharyngeal cancer. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 72:21-32. [PMID: 27525378 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between two single-nucleotide polymorphisms at miR-146a C>G (rs2910164) and miR-1269b G>C (rs7210937) and the risk of developing oral premalignant lesions (OPLs), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), pharyngeal SCC (PSCC), and oral and pharyngeal SCC (OPSCC). DESIGN Genotyping of miR-146a C>G and miR-1269b G>C was performed in two case-control studies using the TaqMan assay. A total of 197 healthy control subjects, 241 OPLs patients, and 188 OPSCC patients who habitually chewed betel quid (BQ) were recruited into one case-control study. Additionally, 668 cancer-free control subjects and 658 OPSCC patients were recruited into the other case-control study. RESULTS The G/G genotype at miR-146a C>G was associated with the decreased risk of OSCC [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.66, P=0.040], PSCC (AOR=0.42, P=0.013), and OPSCC (AOR=0.63, P=0.020). Additionally, the C allelic type and C/C genotype at miR-1269b G>C decreased the risk of BQ-related oral leukoplakia (C vs. G: AOR=0.68, P=0.012;C/C vs. G/G: AOR=0.43, P=0.009), BQ-related OPLs (C vs. G: AOR=0.69, P=0.008;C/C vs. G/G: AOR=0.44, P=0.005), and BQ-related OPSCC (C vs. G: AOR=0.65, P=0.003;C/C vs. G/G: AOR=0.47, P=0.011). In OPSCC patients, the G/G genotype of miR-146a was correlated with well-differentiated cells (P=0.041), and the G/C and C/C genotypes of miR-1269b were correlated with the absence of lymph node involvement (P=0.031), especially in OSCC patients (P=0.038 and P=0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION The genetic variants of miR-146a and miR-1269b are biomarkers against the development of OPLs and OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Tseng
- Department of Orthopedics, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chuan Chi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Mei Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Jhih Huang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Lee
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Han Liou
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Biology, National Pingtung University of Education, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Luo-Ping Ger
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Oral submucous fibrosis: a historical perspective and a review on etiology and pathogenesis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 122:178-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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CTGF is obligatory for TGF-β1 mediated fibrosis in OSMF. Oral Oncol 2016; 56:e10-1. [PMID: 27036370 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chickooree D, Zhu K, Ram V, Wu HJ, He ZJ, Zhang S. A preliminary microarray assay of the miRNA expression signatures in buccal mucosa of oral submucous fibrosis patients. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 45:691-697. [PMID: 26991343 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are threefold: First is to perform a preliminary microarray analysis of miRNA expression profile to filter out differentially expressed miRNA in oral submucous fibrosis, second is to perform a bioinformatics analysis to identify miRNA-specific predicted genes, and third to retrieve those miRNAs from literature and account for the findings of our investigations. METHODS Buccal mucosa samples from three clinically evident OSF patients and three normal volunteers were collected. Agilent Human miRNA microarray experiments were carried out to analyze the miRNA expression profile in both OSF and normal tissues. To identify molecular pathways potentially altered by expression of miRNAs, DAVID software was used. This application performs an enrichment analysis of multiple miRNA target genes comparing each set of miRNA targets to known KEGG pathway. RESULTS A total of 11 unique miRNAs were differentially expressed. The overexpressed miRNAs were hsa-miR-455-3p, hsa-miR-455-5p, and hsa-miR-623, and underexpressed miRNAs were hsa-miR-1290, hsa-miR-3180-3p, hsa-miR-4792, hsa-miR-509-3-5p, hsa-miR-5189, hsa-miR-610, hsa-miR-760, and hsa-miR-921. Six miRNAs namely miR-455, miR-760, miR-623, miR-610 and miR-509-3-5p were selected. CONCLUSION This study shows that miRNA chip can be used for high-throughput screening of miRNA. Target prediction and annotation of the miRNAs demonstrated that the binding, metabolic process, molecular, and cellular process are the most common functions of the predicted targets of these newly identified miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daminee Chickooree
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, The second Xiangya hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Keke Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, The second Xiangya hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Vahsish Ram
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, The first Xiangya hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Han Jiang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, The second Xiangya hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Jing He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, The second Xiangya hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, The second Xiangya hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Liu Z, Zhou Y, Yuan Y, Nie F, Peng R, Li Q, Lyu Z, Mao Z, Huang L, Zhou L, Li Y, Hao J, Ni D, Jin Q, Long Y, Ju P, Yu W, Liu J, Hu Y, Zhou Q. MiR542-3p Regulates the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Directly Targeting BMP7 in NRK52e. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27945-55. [PMID: 26610487 PMCID: PMC4661932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrated that miRNAs are highly involved in kidney fibrosis and Epithelial-Eesenchymal Transition (EMT), however, the mechanisms of miRNAs in kidney fibrosis are poorly understood. In this work, we identified that miR542-3p could promote EMT through down-regulating bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) expression by targeting BMP7 3′UTR. Firstly, real-time PCR results showed that miR542-3p was significantly up-regulated in kidney fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Western blot results demonstrated that miR542-3p may promote EMT in the NRK52e cell line. In addition, we confirmed that BMP7, which played a crucial role in anti-kidney fibrosis and suppressed the progression of EMT, was a target of miR542-3p through Dual-Luciferase reporter assay, as did Western blot analysis. The effects of miR542-3p on regulating EMT could also be suppressed by transiently overexpressing BMP7 in NRK52e cells. Taken together, miR542-3p may be a critical mediator of the induction of EMT via directly targeting BMP7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Liu
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yuru Zhou
- The Seventh Class of 2012 year entry, the Third Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yue Yuan
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Fang Nie
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Rui Peng
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qianyin Li
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zhongshi Lyu
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zhaomin Mao
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Liyuan Huang
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yiman Li
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jing Hao
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Dongsheng Ni
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qianni Jin
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yaoshui Long
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Pan Ju
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Wen Yu
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jianing Liu
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yanxia Hu
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qin Zhou
- The Division of Molecular Nephrology and the Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Khan I, Pant I, Narra S, Radhesh R, Ranganathan K, Rao SG, Kondaiah P. Epithelial atrophy in oral submucous fibrosis is mediated by copper (II) and arecoline of areca nut. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2397-412. [PMID: 26248978 PMCID: PMC4594681 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of oral cavity to areca nut is associated with several pathological conditions including oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Histopathologically OSF is characterized by epithelial atrophy, chronic inflammation, juxtaepithelial hyalinization, leading to fibrosis of submucosal tissue and affects 0.5% of the population in the Indian subcontinent. As the molecular mechanisms leading to atrophied epithelium and fibrosis are poorly understood, we studied areca nut actions on human keratinocyte and gingival fibroblast cells. Areca nut water extract (ANW) was cytotoxic to epithelial cells and had a pro-proliferative effect on fibroblasts. This opposite effect of ANW on epithelial and fibroblast cells was intriguing but reflects the OSF histopathology such as epithelial atrophy and proliferation of fibroblasts. We demonstrate that the pro-proliferative effects of ANW on fibroblasts are dependent on insulin-like growth factor signalling while the cytotoxic effects on keratinocytes are dependent on the generation of reactive oxygen species. Treatment of keratinocytes with arecoline which is a component of ANW along with copper resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity which becomes comparable to IC(50) of ANW. Furthermore, studies using cyclic voltammetry, mass spectrometry and plasmid cleavage assay suggested that the presence of arecoline increases oxidation reduction potential of copper leading to enhanced cleavage of DNA which could generate an apoptotic response. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling assay and Ki-67 index of OSF tissue sections suggested epithelial apoptosis, which could be responsible for the atrophy of OSF epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ila Pant
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sivakrishna Narra
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Kannan Ranganathan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Somanahalli Girish Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, D.A. Pandu Memorial - R.V. Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Kamath VV, Krishnamurthy S, Satelur KP, Rajkumar K. Transforming growth factor-β1 and TGF-β2 act synergistically in the fibrotic pathway in oral submucous fibrosis: An immunohistochemical observation. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2015; 36:111-6. [PMID: 26157288 PMCID: PMC4477373 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.158842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant oral disorder which leads to fibrosis of the oral mucosa and has a high rate of malignant transformation. The consumption of various forms of areca nut is causatively linked to the condition. The constituents of areca nut activate several pro-fibrotic cytokines, chiefly transforming growth factor-β1, β2, which leads to an increased deposition and decreased degradation of extracellular matrix and collagen. TGF-β1, β2 probably represent the major pathway in the deposition of collagen fibres in this condition. The present study aims to identify and correlate the expressions of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 immunohistochemically on paraffin sections of various stages of OSF. A comparison was also made between normal oral mucosa and scar tissue and OSF to judge the mode, extent and type of expression of TGF β1, β2. Methods: The expression of TGF-β1 antibody (8A11, NovusBio, USA) and TGF-β2 antibody (TB21, NovusBio, USA) was detected immunohistochemically on paraffin sections of 58 and 70 cases of OSF respectively, 10 cases of normal oral mucosal tissue and 4 cases of scar tissue. A mapping of the positivity of the two cytokines was done using JenOptik camera and ProReg image analysis software. The results were statistically analysed using one way ANOVA and students “t” test. Results: Expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 was more in OSF as compared with normal oral mucosa, scar/keloid tissue showing highest values. Positivity for both the markers was seen in epithelium, around the blood vessels, in areas of inflammatory infiltrate, fibroblasts and in muscles. TGF-β1 expression was higher and more intense than that of TGF-β2 in all the cases. TGF-β2 was restricted in its expression to submucosal area with minimal involvement of the epithelium and the deeper muscle tissue. Conclusion: TGF-β1 is the most prominent cytokine in the fibrotic pathway and TGF-β2 plays a contributory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Viswanath Kamath
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dr. Syamala Reddy Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Munnekolala, Marathalli, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shruti Krishnamurthy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dr. Syamala Reddy Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Munnekolala, Marathalli, Bengaluru, India
| | - Krishnanand P Satelur
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dr. Syamala Reddy Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Munnekolala, Marathalli, Bengaluru, India
| | - Komali Rajkumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dr. Syamala Reddy Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Munnekolala, Marathalli, Bengaluru, India
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Pant I, Kumar N, Khan I, Rao SG, Kondaiah P. Role of Areca Nut Induced TGF-β and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interaction in the Pathogenesis of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129252. [PMID: 26107172 PMCID: PMC4479469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Areca nut consumption has been implicated in the progression of Oral Submucous fibrosis (OSF); an inflammatory precancerous fibrotic condition. Our previous studies have demonstrated the activation of TGF-β signaling in epithelial cells by areca nut components and also propose a role for epithelial expressed TGF-β in the pathogenesis of OSF. Although the importance of epithelial cells in the manifestation of OSF has been proposed, the actual effectors are fibroblast cells. However, the role of areca nut and TGF-β in the context of fibroblast response has not been elucidated. Therefore, to understand their role in the context of fibroblast response in OSF pathogenesis, human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) were treated with areca nut and/or TGF-β followed by transcriptome profiling. The gene expression profile obtained was compared with the previously published transcriptome profiles of OSF tissues and areca nut treated epithelial cells. The analysis revealed regulation of 4666 and 1214 genes by areca nut and TGF-β treatment respectively. The expression of 413 genes in hGF cells was potentiated by areca nut and TGF-β together. Further, the differentially expressed genes of OSF tissues compared to normal tissues overlapped significantly with areca nut and TGF-β induced genes in epithelial and hGF cells. Several positively enriched pathways were found to be common between OSF tissues and areca nut +TGF-β treated hGF cells. In concordance, areca nut along with TGF-β enhanced fibroblast activation as demonstrated by potentiation of αSMA, γSMA and collagen gel contraction by hGF cells. Furthermore, TGF-β secreted by areca nut treated epithelial cells influenced fibroblast activation and other genes implicated in fibrosis. These data establish a role for areca nut influenced epithelial cells in OSF progression by activation of fibroblasts and emphasizes the importance of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ila Pant
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Somanahalli Girish Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, D.A. Pandu Memorial-R.V. Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Kuo TM, Luo SY, Chiang SL, Yeh KT, Hsu HT, Wu CT, Lu CY, Tsai MH, Chang JG, Ko YC. Fibrotic Effects of Arecoline N-Oxide in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5787-5794. [PMID: 26061808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The metabolites of environmental chemicals play key roles in carcinogenesis. Areca nut is strongly associated with the development of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) or cancer. The main alkaloid in the areca nut is arecoline, which is highly cytotoxic and genotoxic. Arecoline N-oxide, a metabolite of areca nut alkaloids, which has been identified in animal urine, has been shown to induce mutagenicity in bacteria. In this study, it was found that its protein adduct could be detected in oral keratinocytes treated with areca nut extract. Increased collagen expression and severity of squamous hyperplasia were observed in arecoline N-oxide treated mice. In cultured oral fibroblasts, arecoline N-oxide showed stronger effects on the increase of fibrotic related genes including TGF-beta1, S100A4, MMP-9, IL-6, and fibronectin and a decrease of E-cadherin as compared with arecoline. Finally, arecoline N-oxide stimulation effectively increased the DNA damage marker, gamma-H2A.X, both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results indicate that arecoline N-oxide shows a high potential for the induction of OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzer-Min Kuo
- †Environment-Omics-Diseases Research Centre, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- ΘGraduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Yuan Luo
- ‡Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Lun Chiang
- †Environment-Omics-Diseases Research Centre, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- §Department of Health Risk Management, College of Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tu Yeh
- ΔDepartment of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Hsu
- ΔDepartment of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tien Wu
- ⊥Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- #Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsui Tsai
- ΠDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Gowth Chang
- ⊗Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- ΘGraduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Ko
- †Environment-Omics-Diseases Research Centre, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- ΘGraduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wang M, Zhang G, Wang Y, Liu T, Zhang Y, An Y, Li Y. Crosstalk of mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages promotes cardiac muscle repair. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 58:53-61. [PMID: 25462160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has potential therapeutic effects on cardiac muscle repair. However, the underlying mechanism remains not completely clarified. Here we show that transplantation of MSCs significantly increased local recruitment of macrophages to facilitate cardiac muscle repair. MSCs-induced recovery of cardiac function and attenuation of fibrosis after injury were all abolished by either impaired macrophage infiltration, or by MSCs depletion after macrophage recruitment. However, angiogenesis seemed to be only affected by depletion of macrophages, but not by depletion of MSCs, suggesting that macrophages are responsible for the augmented angiogenesis after MSCs transplantation, while MSCs do not directly contribute to angiogenesis in the functional cardiac repair. Moreover, high level of transforming growth factor β 1 (TGFβ1) was detected in macrophages and high level of BMP7 was detected in MSCs, suggesting that MSCs not only may recruit macrophages to enhance angiogenesis to promote regeneration, but also may secrete BMP7 to contradict the fibrogenic effect of TGFβ1 by macrophages. Our study thus sheds new insight on the interaction of MSCs and macrophages in a functional cardiac repair triggered by MSCs transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxin Road, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guoru Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxin Road, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxin Road, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxin Road, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxin Road, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu An
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxin Road, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxin Road, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Schlage WK, Iskandar AR, Kostadinova R, Xiang Y, Sewer A, Majeed S, Kuehn D, Frentzel S, Talikka M, Geertz M, Mathis C, Ivanov N, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC. In vitro systems toxicology approach to investigate the effects of repeated cigarette smoke exposure on human buccal and gingival organotypic epithelial tissue cultures. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:470-87. [PMID: 25046638 PMCID: PMC4219813 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.943441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Smoking has been associated with diseases of the lung, pulmonary airways and oral cavity. Cytologic, genomic and transcriptomic changes in oral mucosa correlate with oral pre-neoplasia, cancer and inflammation (e.g. periodontitis). Alteration of smoking-related gene expression changes in oral epithelial cells is similar to that in bronchial and nasal epithelial cells. Using a systems toxicology approach, we have previously assessed the impact of cigarette smoke (CS) seen as perturbations of biological processes in human nasal and bronchial organotypic epithelial culture models. Here, we report our further assessment using in vitro human oral organotypic epithelium models. We exposed the buccal and gingival organotypic epithelial tissue cultures to CS at the air-liquid interface. CS exposure was associated with increased secretion of inflammatory mediators, induction of cytochrome P450s activity and overall weak toxicity in both tissues. Using microarray technology, gene-set analysis and a novel computational modeling approach leveraging causal biological network models, we identified CS impact on xenobiotic metabolism-related pathways accompanied by a more subtle alteration in inflammatory processes. Gene-set analysis further indicated that the CS-induced pathways in the in vitro buccal tissue models resembled those in the in vivo buccal biopsies of smokers from a published dataset. These findings support the translatability of systems responses from in vitro to in vivo and demonstrate the applicability of oral organotypical tissue models for an impact assessment of CS on various tissues exposed during smoking, as well as for impact assessment of reduced-risk products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter K. Schlage
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Anita R. Iskandar
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Radina Kostadinova
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Yang Xiang
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Diana Kuehn
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Marja Talikka
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Marcel Geertz
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Carole Mathis
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Nikolai Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Manuel C. Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.NeuchâtelSwitzerland
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Yadav A, Desai RS, Bhuta BA, Singh JS, Mehta R, Nehete AP. Altered immunohistochemical expression of mast cell tryptase and chymase in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis and malignant transformation of the overlying epithelium. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98719. [PMID: 24874976 PMCID: PMC4038611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) expressing serine proteases; tryptase and chymase, are associated with fibrosis in various diseases. However, little is known about their involvement in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Our goal was to evaluate the role of MC tryptase and chymase in the pathogenesis of OSF and its malignant transformation. Immunohistochemical expression of MC tryptase and chymase was evaluated in 20 cases of OSF, 10 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 10 cases of healthy controls. Subepithelial zone of Stage 1 and 2 while deep zone of Stage 3 and 4 OSF demonstrated increased tryptase positive MCs. OSCC revealed a proportionate increase in tryptase and chymase positive MCs irrespective of areas of distribution. An altered balance in the subepithelial and deep distribution of tryptase and chymase positive MCs play an important role in the pathogenesis of OSF and its malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Yadav
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Rajiv S. Desai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Bansari A. Bhuta
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Jatinder S. Singh
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Reema Mehta
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Akash P. Nehete
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
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Jayaraman B, Valiathan GM, Jayakumar K, Palaniyandi A, Thenumgal SJ, Ramanathan A. Lack of mutation in p53 and H-ras genes in phenytoin induced gingival overgrowth suggests its non cancerous nature. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:5535-8. [PMID: 23317213 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.11.5535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been case reports of oral squamous cell carcinoma arising from gingival overgrowth induced by phenytoin--an antiepileptic drug. However, a detailed analysis for the presence of mutations in p53 and ras genes, which are the two most frequently mutated genes in cancers, in phenytoin induced gingival overgrowth tissues has hitherto not been performed. METHODS Cellular DNA isolated from twenty gingival overgrowth tissues collected from patients undergoing phenytoin therapy were amplified using primers for p53 (exons 5-8) and H-ras (exons 1-2) genes. The PCR amplicons were then gel purified and subjected to direct sequencing analysis to screen for mutations. RESULTS Direct sequencing of twenty samples of phenytoin induced gingival growth did not identify mutations in any of the exons of p53 and H-ras genes that were analyzed. CONCLUSION Our result indicates that mutational alteration of p53 and H-ras genes is infrequent in phenytoin induced gingival growth, which thus suggests a non malignant nature of this pathology. The findings in the present study are clinically significant as a large number of epileptic patients are treated with phenytoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Jayaraman
- Department of Periodontia, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Narayanapuram, Chennai, India
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Sehgal P, Kumar N, Praveen Kumar VR, Patil S, Bhattacharya A, Vijaya Kumar M, Mukherjee G, Kondaiah P. Regulation of protumorigenic pathways by insulin like growth factor binding protein2 and its association along with β-catenin in breast cancer lymph node metastasis. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:63. [PMID: 23767917 PMCID: PMC3698021 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin like growth factor binding proteins modulate the mitogenic and pro survival effects of IGF. Elevated expression of IGFBP2 is associated with progression of tumors that include prostate, ovarian, glioma among others. Though implicated in the progression of breast cancer, the molecular mechanisms involved in IGFBP2 actions are not well defined. This study investigates the molecular targets and biological pathways targeted by IGFBP2 in breast cancer. Methods Transcriptome analysis of breast tumor cells (BT474) with stable knockdown of IGFBP2 and breast tumors having differential expression of IGFBP2 by immunohistochemistry was performed using microarray. Differential gene expression was established using R-Bioconductor package. For validation, gene expression was determined by qPCR. Inhibitors of IGF1R and integrin pathway were utilized to study the mechanism of regulation of β-catenin. Immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical staining was performed on breast tumors and experimental cells, respectively for β-catenin and IGFBP2 expression. Results Knockdown of IGFBP2 resulted in differential expression of 2067 up regulated and 2002 down regulated genes in breast cancer cells. Down regulated genes principally belong to cell cycle, DNA replication, repair, p53 signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, Wnt signaling. Whole genome expression analysis of breast tumors with or without IGFBP2 expression indicated changes in genes belonging to Focal adhesion, Map kinase and Wnt signaling pathways. Interestingly, IGFBP2 knockdown clones showed reduced expression of β- catenin compared to control cells which was restored upon IGFBP2 re-expression. The regulation of β-catenin by IGFBP2 was found to be IGF1R and integrin pathway dependent. Furthermore, IGFBP2 and β-catenin are co-ordinately overexpressed in breast tumors and correlate with lymph node metastasis. Conclusion This study highlights regulation of β-catenin by IGFBP2 in breast cancer cells and most importantly, combined expression of IGFBP2 and β-catenin is associated with lymph node metastasis of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sehgal
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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ZHOU ZHONGSU, LI MING, GAO FENG, PENG JIEYING, XIAO HAIBO, DAI LIXIA, LIN SHIRONG, ZHANG RUI, JIN LONGYU. Arecoline suppresses HaCaT cell proliferation through cell cycle regulatory molecules. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:2438-44. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Activation of TGF-β pathway by areca nut constituents: a possible cause of oral submucous fibrosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51806. [PMID: 23284772 PMCID: PMC3526649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of excess collagen, and areca nut chewing has been proposed as an important etiological factor for disease manifestation. Activation of transforming growth factor-β signaling has been postulated as the main causative event for increased collagen production in OSF. Oral epithelium plays important roles in OSF, and arecoline has been shown to induce TGF-β in epithelial cells. In an attempt to understand the role of areca nut constituents in the manifestation of OSF, we studied the global gene expression profile in epithelial cells (HaCaT) following treatment with areca nut water extract or TGF-β. Interestingly, 64% of the differentially regulated genes by areca nut water extract matches with the TGF-β induced gene expression profile. Out of these, expression of 57% of genes was compromised in the presence of ALK5 (TβRI) inhibitor and 7% were independently induced by areca nut, highlighting the importance of TGF-β in areca nut actions. Areca nut water extract treatment induced p-SMAD2 and TGF-β downstream targets in HaCaT cells but not in human gingival fibroblast cells (hGF), suggesting epithelial cells could be the source of TGF-β in promoting OSF. Water extract of areca nut consists of polyphenols and alkaloids. Both polyphenol and alkaloid fractions of areca nut were able to induce TGF-β signaling and its downstream targets. Also, SMAD-2 was phosphorylated following treatment of HaCaT cells by Catechin, Tannin and alkaloids namely Arecoline, Arecaidine and Guvacine. Moreover, both polyphenols and alkaloids induced TGF-β2 and THBS1 (activator of latent TGF-β) in HaCaT cells suggesting areca nut mediated activation of p-SMAD2 involves up-regulation and activation of TGF-β. These data suggest a major causative role for TGF-β that is induced by areca nut in OSF progression.
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