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Tomiyama ALMR, Cartarozzi LP, de Oliveira Coser L, Chiarotto GB, Oliveira ALR. Neuroprotection by upregulation of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) in SOD1 G93A mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1211486. [PMID: 37711512 PMCID: PMC10498468 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1211486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that progressively affects motoneurons, causing muscle atrophy and evolving to death. Astrocytes inhibit the expression of MHC-I by neurons, contributing to a degenerative outcome. The present study verified the influence of interferon β (IFN β) treatment, a proinflammatory cytokine that upregulates MHC-I expression, in SOD1G93A transgenic mice. For that, 17 days old presymptomatic female mice were subjected to subcutaneous application of IFN β (250, 1,000, and 10,000 IU) every other day for 20 days. Rotarod motor test, clinical score, and body weight assessment were conducted every third day throughout the treatment period. No significant intergroup variations were observed in such parameters during the pre-symptomatic phase. All mice were then euthanized, and the spinal cords collected for comparative analysis of motoneuron survival, reactive gliosis, synapse coverage, microglia morphology classification, cytokine analysis by flow cytometry, and RT-qPCR quantification of gene transcripts. Additionally, mice underwent Rotarod motor assessment, weight monitoring, and neurological scoring. The results show that IFN β treatment led to an increase in the expression of MHC-I, which, even at the lowest dose (250 IU), resulted in a significant increase in neuronal survival in the ALS presymptomatic period which lasted until the onset of the disease. The treatment also influenced synaptic preservation by decreasing excitatory inputs and upregulating the expression of AMPA receptors by astrocytes. Microglial reactivity quantified by the integrated density of pixels did not decrease with treatment but showed a less activated morphology, coupled with polarization to an M1 profile. Disease progression upregulated gene transcripts for pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and IFN β treatment significantly decreased mRNA expression for IL4. Overall, the present results demonstrate that a low dosage of IFN β shows therapeutic potential by increasing MHC-I expression, resulting in neuroprotection and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexandre L. R. Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology—University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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2
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Safi R, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Bosch M, Demangel C, Parton RG, Pol A. Defensive-lipid droplets: Cellular organelles designed for antimicrobial immunity. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:113-136. [PMID: 36960679 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbes have developed many strategies to subvert host organisms, which, in turn, evolved several innate immune responses. As major lipid storage organelles of eukaryotes, lipid droplets (LDs) are an attractive source of nutrients for invaders. Intracellular viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites induce and physically interact with LDs, and the current view is that they "hijack" LDs to draw on substrates for host colonization. This dogma has been challenged by the recent demonstration that LDs are endowed with a protein-mediated antibiotic activity, which is upregulated in response to danger signals and sepsis. Dependence on host nutrients could be a generic "Achilles' heel" of intracellular pathogens and LDs a suitable chokepoint harnessed by innate immunity to organize a front-line defense. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the state of the conflict and discuss potential mechanisms driving the formation of the 'defensive-LDs' functioning as hubs of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Safi
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bosch
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CMM), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Beck DB, Werner A, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I. Disorders of ubiquitylation: unchained inflammation. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:435-447. [PMID: 35523963 PMCID: PMC9075716 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitylation is an essential post-translational modification that regulates intracellular signalling networks by triggering proteasomal substrate degradation, changing the activity of substrates or mediating changes in proteins that interact with substrates. Hundreds of enzymes participate in reversible ubiquitylation of proteins, some acting globally and others targeting specific proteins. Ubiquitylation is essential for innate immune responses, as it facilitates rapid regulation of inflammatory pathways, thereby ensuring sufficient but not excessive responses. A growing number of inborn errors of immunity are attributed to dysregulated ubiquitylation. These genetic disorders exhibit broad clinical manifestations, ranging from susceptibility to infection to autoinflammatory and/or autoimmune features, lymphoproliferation and propensity to malignancy. Many autoinflammatory disorders result from disruption of components of the ubiquitylation machinery and lead to overactivation of innate immune cells. An understanding of the disorders of ubiquitylation in autoinflammatory diseases could enable the development of novel management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Beck
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Achim Werner
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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4
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Shemesh M, Lochte S, Piehler J, Schreiber G. IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 play distinct roles in initiating type I interferon-induced JAK-STAT signaling and activating STATs. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabe4627. [PMID: 34813358 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abe4627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Shemesh
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sara Lochte
- Department of Biology and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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5
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Qian G, Zhu L, Li G, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Pan J, Lv H. An Integrated View of Deubiquitinating Enzymes Involved in Type I Interferon Signaling, Host Defense and Antiviral Activities. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742542. [PMID: 34707613 PMCID: PMC8542838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infectious diseases pose a great challenge to human health around the world. Type I interferons (IFN-Is) function as the first line of host defense and thus play critical roles during virus infection by mediating the transcriptional induction of hundreds of genes. Nevertheless, overactive cytokine immune responses also cause autoimmune diseases, and thus, tight regulation of the innate immune response is needed to achieve viral clearance without causing excessive immune responses. Emerging studies have recently uncovered that the ubiquitin system, particularly deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), plays a critical role in regulating innate immune responses. In this review, we highlight recent advances on the diverse mechanisms of human DUBs implicated in IFN-I signaling. These DUBs function dynamically to calibrate host defenses against various virus infections by targeting hub proteins in the IFN-I signaling transduction pathway. We also present a future perspective on the roles of DUB-substrate interaction networks in innate antiviral activities, discuss the promises and challenges of DUB-based drug development, and identify the open questions that remain to be clarified. Our review provides a comprehensive description of DUBs, particularly their differential mechanisms that have evolved in the host to regulate IFN-I-signaling-mediated antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Qian
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liyan Zhu
- Department of Experimental Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gen Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zimu Zhang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Lv
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Canovas B, Nebreda AR. Diversity and versatility of p38 kinase signalling in health and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:346-366. [PMID: 33504982 PMCID: PMC7838852 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to deal with different types of stressful situations in a precise and coordinated manner is key for survival and involves various signalling networks. Over the past 25 years, p38 kinases — in particular, p38α — have been implicated in the cellular response to stress at many levels. These span from environmental and intracellular stresses, such as hyperosmolarity, oxidative stress or DNA damage, to physiological situations that involve important cellular changes such as differentiation. Given that p38α controls a plethora of functions, dysregulation of this pathway has been linked to diseases such as inflammation, immune disorders or cancer, suggesting the possibility that targeting p38α could be of therapeutic interest. In this Review, we discuss the organization of this signalling pathway focusing on the diversity of p38α substrates, their mechanisms and their links to particular cellular functions. We then address how the different cellular responses can be generated depending on the signal received and the cell type, and highlight the roles of this kinase in human physiology and in pathological contexts. p38α — the best-characterized member of the p38 kinase family — is a key mediator of cellular stress responses. p38α is activated by a plethora of signals and functions through a multitude of substrates to regulate different cellular behaviours. Understanding context-dependent p38α signalling provides important insights into p38α roles in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Canovas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. .,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Berrio A, Gartner V, Wray GA. Positive selection within the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and other Coronaviruses independent of impact on protein function. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10234. [PMID: 33088633 PMCID: PMC7571416 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated with severe acute respiratory disease (COVID-19) has prompted efforts to understand the genetic basis for its unique characteristics and its jump from non-primate hosts to humans. Tests for positive selection can identify apparently nonrandom patterns of mutation accumulation within genomes, highlighting regions where molecular function may have changed during the origin of a species. Several recent studies of the SARS-CoV-2 genome have identified signals of conservation and positive selection within the gene encoding Spike protein based on the ratio of synonymous to nonsynonymous substitution. Such tests cannot, however, detect changes in the function of RNA molecules. METHODS Here we apply a test for branch-specific oversubstitution of mutations within narrow windows of the genome without reference to the genetic code. RESULTS We recapitulate the finding that the gene encoding Spike protein has been a target of both purifying and positive selection. In addition, we find other likely targets of positive selection within the genome of SARS-CoV-2, specifically within the genes encoding Nsp4 and Nsp16. Homology-directed modeling indicates no change in either Nsp4 or Nsp16 protein structure relative to the most recent common ancestor. These SARS-CoV-2-specific mutations may affect molecular processes mediated by the positive or negative RNA molecules, including transcription, translation, RNA stability, and evasion of the host innate immune system. Our results highlight the importance of considering mutations in viral genomes not only from the perspective of their impact on protein structure, but also how they may impact other molecular processes critical to the viral life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerie Gartner
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gregory A. Wray
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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8
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Schreiber G. The Role of Type I Interferons in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2020; 11:595739. [PMID: 33117408 PMCID: PMC7561359 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) were first discovered over 60 years ago in a classical experiment by Isaacs and Lindenman, who showed that IFN-Is possess antiviral activity. Later, it became one of the first approved protein drugs using heterologous protein expression systems, which allowed its large-scale production. It has been approved, and widely used in a pleiotropy of diseases, including multiple-sclerosis, hepatitis B and C, and some forms of cancer. Preliminary clinical data has supported its effectiveness against potential pandemic pathogens such as Ebola and SARS. Still, more efficient and specific drugs have taken its place in treating such diseases. The COVID-19 global pandemic has again lifted the status of IFN-Is to become one of the more promising drug candidates, with initial clinical trials showing promising results in reducing the severity and duration of the disease. Although SARS-CoV-2 inhibits the production of IFNβ and thus obstructs the innate immune response to this virus, it is sensitive to the antiviral activity of externally administrated IFN-Is. In this review I discuss the diverse modes of biological actions of IFN-Is and how these are related to biophysical parameters of IFN-I-receptor interaction and cell-type specificity in light of the large variety of binding affinities of the different IFN-I subtypes towards the common interferon receptor. Furthermore, I discuss how these may guide the optimized use IFN-Is in combatting COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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9
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Influenza a virus antagonizes type I and type II interferon responses via SOCS1-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of JAK1. Virol J 2020; 17:74. [PMID: 32532301 PMCID: PMC7291424 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although influenza A virus (IAV) employs diverse strategies to evade IFN responses by inhibiting the synthesis of IFN, how IAV regulates signaling downstream of IFN is incompletely understood. Methods In this study, we used Western blot-based protein analysis coupled with RT-qPCR, overexpression and RNA interference to investigate the regulation of JAK1 by IAV infection. Results The results indicated that JAK1 was ubiquitinated and degraded, resulting in inhibition of type I and type II IFN responses, demonstrating that IAV antagonizes the IFN-activated JAK/STAT signaling pathway by inducing the degradation of JAK1. Furthermore. IAV infection upregulated the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) protein SOCS1, and SOCS1 mediated the ubiquitination and degradation of JAK1. Conclusion Collectively, our findings suggest that IAV infection induces SOCS1 expression to promote JAK1 degradation, which in turn inhibits host innate immune responses.
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10
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Ardanuy J, Scanlon K, Skerry C, Fuchs SY, Carbonetti NH. Age-Dependent Effects of Type I and Type III IFNs in the Pathogenesis of Bordetella pertussis Infection and Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2192-2202. [PMID: 32152071 PMCID: PMC7141952 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type I and III IFNs play diverse roles in bacterial infections, being protective for some but deleterious for others. Using RNA-sequencing transcriptomics we investigated lung gene expression responses to Bordetella pertussis infection in adult mice, revealing that type I and III IFN pathways may play an important role in promoting inflammatory responses. In B. pertussis-infected mice, lung type I/III IFN responses correlated with increased proinflammatory cytokine expression and with lung inflammatory pathology. In mutant mice with increased type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) signaling, B. pertussis infection exacerbated lung inflammatory pathology, whereas knockout mice with defects in type I IFN signaling had lower levels of lung inflammation than wild-type mice. Curiously, B. pertussis-infected IFNAR1 knockout mice had wild-type levels of lung inflammatory pathology. However, in response to infection these mice had increased levels of type III IFN expression, neutralization of which reduced lung inflammation. In support of this finding, B. pertussis-infected mice with a knockout mutation in the type III IFN receptor (IFNLR1) and double IFNAR1/IFNLR1 knockout mutant mice had reduced lung inflammatory pathology compared with that in wild-type mice, indicating that type III IFN exacerbates lung inflammation. In marked contrast, infant mice did not upregulate type I or III IFNs in response to B. pertussis infection and were protected from lethal infection by increased type I IFN signaling. These results indicate age-dependent effects of type I/III IFN signaling during B. pertussis infection and suggest that these pathways represent targets for therapeutic intervention in pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Ardanuy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; and
| | - Karen Scanlon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; and
| | - Ciaran Skerry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; and
| | - Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Nicholas H Carbonetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; and
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11
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Upadhyay A. Structure of proteins: Evolution with unsolved mysteries. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 149:160-172. [PMID: 31014967 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of macromolecules could be considered as a milestone in the history of life. Nucleic acids are the long stretches of nucleotides that contain all the possible codes and information of life. On the other hand, proteins are their actual translated outcomes, or reflections of modifications in their structure that have occurred at a slow, but steady rate over a very long period of evolution. Over the years of research, biophysicists, biochemists, molecular and structural biologists have unfurled several layers of the structural convolutions in these chemical molecules; however evolutionists look over their structures through a different prism, which may or may not coincide with others. There remains a need to outline several well-known, but less discussed features of protein structures, like intrinsically disordered states, degron signals and different types of ubiquitin chains providing degradation signals, which help the cellular proteolytic machinery to identify and target the proteins towards degradation pathways. There are several important factors, which are critical for folding of proteins into their native three-dimensional conformations by the cytoplasmic chaperones; but in real time how the chaperones fold the newly synthesized polypeptide sequences into a particular three-dimensional shape within a fraction of second is still a mystery for biologists as well as mathematicians. Multiple similar unsolved or unaddressed questions need to be addressed in detail so that future line of research can dig deeper into the finer details of these structures of the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Upadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305817, India.
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12
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SMURF1-mediated ubiquitination of ARHGAP26 promotes ovarian cancer cell invasion and migration. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-12. [PMID: 31004081 PMCID: PMC6474862 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPase-activating protein 26 (ARHGAP26) is a negative regulator of the Rho family that converts the small GTP-binding protein RhoA (GTP-RhoA) to its inactive GDP-bound form and is a putative tumor suppressor gene associated with cell growth and migration. Here, the involvement of ARHGAP26 in ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration was investigated. In this study, low ARHGAP26 expression was observed in ovarian cancer tissues and was associated with a poor overall survival and higher β-catenin expression in patients with ovarian cancer. A2780 and HEY cells with ARHGAP26 upregulation showed decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, along with decreased GTP-RhoA, β-catenin, VEGF, MMP2, and MMP7 expression. ARHGAP26 upregulation in A2780 cells also inhibited lung metastasis in vivo. SKOV3 cells with ARHGAP26 downregulation demonstrated an inverse effect, which was inhibited by ARHGAP26 overexpression or DKK1, an antagonist of the β-catenin pathway. SMURF1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, interacted with and induced ubiquitination of ARHGAP26. ARHGAP26 upregulation in SKOV3 cells significantly inhibited SMURF1 upregulation-induced cell migration and invasion. Overall, SMURF1-mediated ubiquitination of ARHGAP26 may promote invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cells via the β-catenin pathway.
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Xia C, Anderson P, Hahm B. Viral dedication to vigorous destruction of interferon receptors. Virology 2018; 522:19-26. [PMID: 30014854 PMCID: PMC6087481 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) exhibit forceful inhibitory activities against numerous viruses by inducing synthesis of anti-viral proteins or promoting immune cell functions, which help eradicate the vicious microbes. Consequently, the degree to which viruses evade or counterattack IFN responses influences viral pathogenicity. Viruses have developed many strategies to interfere with the synthesis of IFNs or IFN receptor signaling pathway. Furthermore, multiple viruses decrease levels of IFN receptors via diverse tactics, which include decreasing type I IFN receptor mRNA expression, blocking post-translational modification of the receptor, and degrading IFN receptors. Recently, influenza virus was found to induce CK1α-induced phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of the receptor for type I and II IFNs. In this review, viral mechanisms that remove IFN receptors are summarized with an emphasis on the mechanisms for virus-induced degradation of IFN receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xia
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Paul Anderson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Bumsuk Hahm
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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14
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Liu ZS, Zhang ZY, Cai H, Zhao M, Mao J, Dai J, Xia T, Zhang XM, Li T. RINCK-mediated monoubiquitination of cGAS promotes antiviral innate immune responses. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:35. [PMID: 29760876 PMCID: PMC5944131 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As an important danger signal, the presence of DNA in cytoplasm triggers potent immune responses. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a recently characterized key sensor for cytoplasmic DNA. The engagement of cGAS with DNA leads to the synthesis of a second messenger, cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which binds and activates the downstream adaptor protein STING to promote type I interferon production. Although cGAS has been shown to play a pivotal role in innate immunity, the exact regulation of cGAS activation is not fully understood. Results We report that an E3 ubiquitin ligase, RING finger protein that interacts with C kinase (RINCK, also known as tripartite motif protein 41, TRIM41), is critical for cGAS activation by mediating the monoubiquitination of cGAS. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated RINCK-deletion cells and showed that the deficiency of RINCK resulted in dampened interferon production in response to cytosolic DNA. Consistently, the RINCK-deletion cells also exhibited insufficient interferon production upon herpes simplex virus 1, a DNA virus, infection. As a result, the viral load in RINCK-deficient cells was significantly higher than that in wild-type cells. We also found that RINCK deficiency inhibited the up-stream signaling of DNA-triggered interferon production pathway, which was reflected by the phosphorylation of the TANK-binding kinase 1 and the interferon regulatory factor 3. Interestingly, we found that RINCK binds to cGAS and promotes the monoubiquitination of cGAS, thereby positively regulating the cGAS-mediated cGAMP synthesis. Conclusions Our study reveals that monoubiquitination is an important regulation for cGAS activation and uncovers a critical role of RINCK in the cGAS-mediated innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Shan Liu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Rd., Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Zi-Yu Zhang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Rd., Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Hong Cai
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Rd., Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Ming Zhao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Rd., Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Jie Mao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Rd., Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Jiang Dai
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Rd., Beijing, 100850 China.,2State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Tian Xia
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Rd., Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Xue-Min Zhang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Rd., Beijing, 100850 China.,2State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Tao Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Rd., Beijing, 100850 China
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15
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Londino JD, Gulick DL, Lear TB, Suber TL, Weathington NM, Masa LS, Chen BB, Mallampalli RK. Post-translational modification of the interferon-gamma receptor alters its stability and signaling. Biochem J 2017; 474:3543-3557. [PMID: 28883123 PMCID: PMC5967388 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The IFN gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1) binds IFN-γ and activates gene transcription pathways crucial for controlling bacterial and viral infections. Although decreases in IFNGR1 surface levels have been demonstrated to inhibit IFN-γ signaling, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms controlling receptor stability. Here, we show in epithelial and monocytic cell lines that IFNGR1 displays K48 polyubiquitination, is proteasomally degraded, and harbors three ubiquitin acceptor sites at K277, K279, and K285. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) destabilized IFNGR1 while overexpression of GSK3β increased receptor stability. We identified critical serine and threonine residues juxtaposed to ubiquitin acceptor sites that impacted IFNGR1 stability. In CRISPR-Cas9 IFNGR1 generated knockout cell lines, cellular expression of IFNGR1 plasmids encoding ubiquitin acceptor site mutations demonstrated significantly impaired STAT1 phosphorylation and decreased STAT1-dependent gene induction. Thus, IFNGR1 undergoes rapid site-specific polyubiquitination, a process modulated by GSK3β. Ubiquitination appears to be necessary for efficient IFNGR1-dependent gamma gene induction and represents a relatively uncharacterized regulatory mechanism for this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Londino
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Dexter L Gulick
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Travis B Lear
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Tomeka L Suber
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Nathaniel M Weathington
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Luke S Masa
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Bill B Chen
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A.
- Medical Specialty Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
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16
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Kim JH, Park ME, Nikapitiya C, Kim TH, Uddin MB, Lee HC, Kim E, Ma JY, Jung JU, Kim CJ, Lee JS. FAS-associated factor-1 positively regulates type I interferon response to RNA virus infection by targeting NLRX1. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006398. [PMID: 28542569 PMCID: PMC5456407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
FAS-associated factor-1 (FAF1) is a component of the death-inducing signaling complex involved in Fas-mediated apoptosis. It regulates NF-κB activity, ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation. Here, we found that FAF1 positively regulates the type I interferon pathway. FAF1gt/gt mice, which deficient in FAF1, and FAF1 knockdown immune cells were highly susceptible to RNA virus infection and showed low levels of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferon (IFN) production. FAF1 was bound competitively to NLRX1 and positively regulated type I IFN signaling by interfering with the interaction between NLRX1 and MAVS, thereby freeing MAVS to bind RIG-I, which switched on the MAVS-RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling cascade. These results highlight a critical role of FAF1 in antiviral responses against RNA virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Eun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Bashir Uddin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Hyun-Cheol Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, California, United States of America
| | - Chul-Joong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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17
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Tripathi E, Smith S. Cell cycle-regulated ubiquitination of tankyrase 1 by RNF8 and ABRO1/BRCC36 controls the timing of sister telomere resolution. EMBO J 2016; 36:503-519. [PMID: 27993934 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Timely resolution of sister chromatid cohesion in G2/M is essential for genome integrity. Resolution at telomeres requires the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase tankyrase 1, but the mechanism that times its action is unknown. Here, we show that tankyrase 1 activity at telomeres is controlled by a ubiquitination/deubiquitination cycle depending on opposing ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitinase activities. In late S/G2 phase, the DNA damage-responsive E3 ligase RNF8 conjugates K63-linked ubiquitin chains to tankyrase 1, while in G1 phase such ubiquitin chains are removed by BRISC, an ABRO1/BRCC36-containing deubiquitinase complex. We show that K63-linked ubiquitin chains accumulate on tankyrase 1 in late S/G2 to promote its stabilization, association with telomeres, and resolution of cohesion. Timing of this posttranslational modification coincides with the ATM-mediated DNA damage response that occurs on functional telomeres following replication in G2. Removal of ubiquitin chains is controlled by ABRO1/BRCC36 and occurs as cells exit mitosis and enter G1, ensuring that telomere cohesion is not resolved prematurely in S phase. Our studies suggest that a cell cycle-regulated posttranslational mechanism couples resolution of telomere cohesion with completion of telomere replication to ensure genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Tripathi
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Smith
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Zhang KJ, Yin XF, Yang YQ, Li HL, Xu YN, Chen LY, Liu XJ, Yuan SJ, Fang XL, Xiao J, Wu S, Xu HN, Chu L, Katlinski KV, Katlinskaya YV, Guo RB, Wei GW, Wang DC, Liu XY, Fuchs SY. A Potent In Vivo Antitumor Efficacy of Novel Recombinant Type I Interferon. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2038-2049. [PMID: 27683179 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Antiproliferative, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities of endogenous type I IFNs (IFN1) prompt the design of recombinant IFN1 for therapeutic purposes. However, most of the designed IFNs exhibited suboptimal therapeutic efficacies against solid tumors. Here, we report evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo antitumorigenic activities of a novel recombinant IFN termed sIFN-I.Experimental Design: We compared primary and tertiary structures of sIFN-I with its parental human IFNα-2b, as well as affinities of these ligands for IFN1 receptor chains and pharmacokinetics. These IFN1 species were also compared for their ability to induce JAK-STAT signaling and expression of the IFN1-stimulated genes and to elicit antitumorigenic effects. Effects of sIFN-I on tumor angiogenesis and immune infiltration were also tested in transplanted and genetically engineered immunocompetent mouse models.Results: sIFN-I displayed greater affinity for IFNAR1 (over IFNAR2) chain of the IFN1 receptor and elicited a greater extent of IFN1 signaling and expression of IFN-inducible genes in human cells. Unlike IFNα-2b, sIFN-I induced JAK-STAT signaling in mouse cells and exhibited an extended half-life in mice. Treatment with sIFN-I inhibited intratumoral angiogenesis, increased CD8+ T-cell infiltration, and robustly suppressed growth of transplantable and genetically engineered tumors in immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice.Conclusions: These findings define sIFN-I as a novel recombinant IFN1 with potent preclinical antitumorigenic effects against solid tumor, thereby prompting the assessment of sIFN-I clinical efficacy in humans. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 2038-49. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sichuan Huiyang Life Science and Technology Corp., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ni Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lie-Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Su-Jing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Long Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Neng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Liang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yuliya V Katlinskaya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rong-Bing Guo
- Sichuan Huiyang Life Science and Technology Corp., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guang-Wen Wei
- Sichuan Huiyang Life Science and Technology Corp., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Da-Cheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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19
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Sobhy H. A Review of Functional Motifs Utilized by Viruses. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4010003. [PMID: 28248213 PMCID: PMC5217368 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Short linear motifs (SLiM) are short peptides that facilitate protein function and protein-protein interactions. Viruses utilize these motifs to enter into the host, interact with cellular proteins, or egress from host cells. Studying functional motifs may help to predict protein characteristics, interactions, or the putative cellular role of a protein. In virology, it may reveal aspects of the virus tropism and help find antiviral therapeutics. This review highlights the recent understanding of functional motifs utilized by viruses. Special attention was paid to the function of proteins harboring these motifs, and viruses encoding these proteins. The review highlights motifs involved in (i) immune response and post-translational modifications (e.g., ubiquitylation, SUMOylation or ISGylation); (ii) virus-host cell interactions, including virus attachment, entry, fusion, egress and nuclear trafficking; (iii) virulence and antiviral activities; (iv) virion structure; and (v) low-complexity regions (LCRs) or motifs enriched with residues (Xaa-rich motifs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Sobhy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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20
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Harari D, Orr I, Rotkopf R, Baranzini SE, Schreiber G. A robust type I interferon gene signature from blood RNA defines quantitative but not qualitative differences between three major IFN drugs in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:3192-205. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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21
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Yu Q, Carbone CJ, Katlinskaya YV, Zheng H, Zheng K, Luo M, Wang PJ, Greenberg RA, Fuchs SY. Type I interferon controls propagation of long interspersed element-1. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10191-9. [PMID: 25716322 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) including IFNα and IFNβ are critical for the cellular defense against viruses. Here we report that increased levels of IFNβ were found in testes from mice deficient in MOV10L1, a germ cell-specific RNA helicase that plays a key role in limiting the propagation of retrotransposons including Long Interspersed Element-1 (LINE-1). Additional experiments revealed that activation of LINE-1 retrotransposons increases the expression of IFNβ and of IFN-stimulated genes. Conversely, pretreatment of cells with IFN suppressed the replication of LINE-1. Furthermore, the efficacy of LINE-1 replication was increased in isogenic cell lines harboring inactivating mutations in diverse elements of the IFN signaling pathway. Knockdown of the IFN receptor chain IFNAR1 also stimulated LINE-1 propagation in vitro. Finally, a greater accumulation of LINE-1 was found in mice that lack IFNAR1 compared with wild type mice. We propose that LINE-1-induced IFN plays an important role in restricting LINE-1 propagation and discuss the putative role of IFN in preserving the genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujing Yu
- From the Departments of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine and
| | | | | | - Hui Zheng
- From the Departments of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine and
| | - Ke Zheng
- From the Departments of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine and
| | - Mengcheng Luo
- From the Departments of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine and
| | - P Jeremy Wang
- From the Departments of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine and
| | - Roger A Greenberg
- Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Serge Y Fuchs
- From the Departments of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine and
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22
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Carbone CJ, Fuchs SY. Eliminative signaling by Janus kinases: role in the downregulation of associated receptors. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:8-16. [PMID: 23959845 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of cytokine receptor-associated Janus kinases (JAKs) mediates most, if not all, of the cellular responses to peptide hormones and cytokines. Consequently, JAKs play a paramount role in homeostasis and immunity. Members of this family of tyrosine kinases control the cytokine/hormone-induced alterations in cell gene expression program. This function is largely mediated through an ability to signal toward activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STAT), as well as toward some other pathways. Importantly, JAKs are also instrumental in tightly controlling the expression of associated cytokine and hormone receptors, and, accordingly, in regulating the cell sensitivity to these cytokines and hormones. This review highlights the enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms of this regulation and discusses the importance of the ambidextrous nature of JAK as a key signaling node that integrates the combining functions of forward signaling and eliminative signaling. Attention to the latter aspect of JAK function may contribute to emancipating our approaches to the pharmacological modulation of JAKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Carbone
- Department of Animal Biology and Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
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23
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Fraisier C, Koraka P, Belghazi M, Bakli M, Granjeaud S, Pophillat M, Lim SM, Osterhaus A, Martina B, Camoin L, Almeras L. Kinetic analysis of mouse brain proteome alterations following Chikungunya virus infection before and after appearance of clinical symptoms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91397. [PMID: 24618821 PMCID: PMC3949995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection have been characterized by an increasing number of severe cases with atypical manifestations including neurological complications. In parallel, the risk map of CHIKV outbreaks has expanded because of improved vector competence. These features make CHIKV infection a major public health concern that requires a better understanding of the underlying physiopathological processes for the development of antiviral strategies to protect individuals from severe disease. To decipher the mechanisms of CHIKV infection in the nervous system, a kinetic analysis on the host proteome modifications in the brain of CHIKV-infected mice sampled before and after the onset of clinical symptoms was performed. The combination of 2D-DIGE and iTRAQ proteomic approaches, followed by mass spectrometry protein identification revealed 177 significantly differentially expressed proteins. This kinetic analysis revealed a dramatic down-regulation of proteins before the appearance of the clinical symptoms followed by the increased expression of most of these proteins in the acute symptomatic phase. Bioinformatic analyses of the protein datasets enabled the identification of the major biological processes that were altered during the time course of CHIKV infection, such as integrin signaling and cytoskeleton dynamics, endosome machinery and receptor recycling related to virus transport and synapse function, regulation of gene expression, and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. These results reveal the putative mechanisms associated with severe CHIKV infection-mediated neurological disease and highlight the potential markers or targets that can be used to develop diagnostic and/or antiviral tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Fraisier
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Penelope Koraka
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maya Belghazi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M UMR 7286, Marseille, France
| | - Mahfoud Bakli
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Samuel Granjeaud
- CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Pophillat
- CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, Marseille, France
| | - Stephanie M. Lim
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Byron Martina
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Camoin
- CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
- Unité de recherche en biologie et épidémiologie parasitaires (URBEP), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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24
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Harari D, Abramovich R, Zozulya A, Smith P, Pouly S, Köster M, Hauser H, Schreiber G. Bridging the species divide: transgenic mice humanized for type-I interferon response. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84259. [PMID: 24416207 PMCID: PMC3887009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We have generated transgenic mice that harbor humanized type I interferon receptors (IFNARs) enabling the study of type I human interferons (Hu-IFN-Is) in mice. These “HyBNAR” (Hybrid IFNAR) mice encode transgenic variants of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 with the human extracellular domains being fused to transmembrane and cytoplasmic segments of mouse sequence. B16F1 mouse melanoma cells harboring the HyBNAR construct specifically bound Hu-IFN-Is and were rendered sensitive to Hu-IFN-I stimulated anti-proliferation, STAT1 activation and activation of a prototypical IFN-I response gene (MX2). HyBNAR mice were crossed with a transgenic strain expressing the luciferase reporter gene under the control of the IFN-responsive MX2 promoter (MX2-Luciferase). Both the HyBNAR and HyBNAR/MX2-Luciferase mice were responsive to all Hu-IFN-Is tested, inclusive of IFNα2A, IFNβ, and a human superagonist termed YNSα8. The mice displayed dose-dependent pharmacodynamic responses to Hu-IFN-I injection, as assessed by measuring the expression of IFN-responsive genes. Our studies also demonstrated a weak activation of endogenous mouse interferon response, especially after high dose administration of Hu-IFNs. In sharp contrast to data published for humans, our pharmacodynamic readouts demonstrate a very short-lived IFN-I response in mice, which is not enhanced by sub-cutaneous (SC) injections in comparison to other administration routes. With algometric differences between humans and mice taken into account, the HyBNAR mice provides a convenient non-primate pre-clinical model to advance the study of human IFN-Is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Harari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail: daniel@ (DH); (GS)
| | - Renne Abramovich
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alla Zozulya
- MS Platform, Merck-Serono, (a division of Merck KGaA), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Smith
- MS Platform, Merck-Serono, (a division of Merck KGaA), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Pouly
- MS Platform, Merck-Serono, (a division of Merck KGaA), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mario Köster
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Dept. Gene Regulation and Differentiation, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Hauser
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Dept. Gene Regulation and Differentiation, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail: daniel@ (DH); (GS)
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25
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Fuchs SY. Hope and fear for interferon: the receptor-centric outlook on the future of interferon therapy. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:211-25. [PMID: 23570388 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After several decades of intense clinical research, the great promise of Type I interferons (IFN1) as the anticancer wonder drugs that could cure or, at the very least, curb the progression of various oncological diseases has regrettably failed to deliver. Severe side effects and low efficacy of IFN1-based pharmaceutics greatly limited use of these drugs and further reduced the enthusiasm of clinical oncologists for future optimization of IFN1-based therapeutic modalities. Incredibly, extensive clinical studies to assess the efficacy of IFN1 alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs have not been paralleled by an equal scope in defining the determinants that confer cell sensitivity or refractoriness to IFN1. Given that all effects of IFN1 on malignant and benign cells alike are mediated by its receptor, the mechanisms regulating these receptor cell surface levels should play a paramount role in shaping the magnitude and duration of IFN1-elicited effects. These mechanisms and their role in controlling IFN1 responses, as well as an ability of a growing tumor to commandeer these events, are the focus of our review. We postulate that activation of numerous signaling pathways leading to elimination of IFN1 receptor occurs in cancer cells and benign cells that contribute to tumor tissue. We further hypothesize that activation of these eliminative pathways enables the escape from IFN1-driven suppression of tumorigenesis and elicits the primary refractoriness of tumor to the pharmaceutical IFN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Animal Biology and Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104-4539, USA.
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A BRISC-SHMT complex deubiquitinates IFNAR1 and regulates interferon responses. Cell Rep 2013; 5:180-93. [PMID: 24075985 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine63-linked ubiquitin (K63-Ub) chains represent a particular ubiquitin topology that mediates proteasome-independent signaling events. The deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) BRCC36 segregates into distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic complexes that are specific for K63-Ub hydrolysis. RAP80 targets the five-member nuclear BRCC36 complex to K63-Ub chains at DNA double-strand breaks. The alternative four-member BRCC36 containing complex (BRISC) lacks a known targeting moiety. Here, we identify serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) as a previously unappreciated component that fulfills this function. SHMT directs BRISC activity at K63-Ub chains conjugated to the type 1 interferon (IFN) receptor chain 1 (IFNAR1). BRISC-SHMT2 complexes localize to and deubiquitinate actively engaged IFNAR1, thus limiting its K63-Ub-mediated internalization and lysosomal degradation. BRISC-deficient cells and mice exhibit attenuated responses to IFN and are protected from IFN-associated immunopathology. These studies reveal a mechanism of DUB regulation and suggest a therapeutic use of BRISC inhibitors for treating pathophysiological processes driven by elevated IFN responses.
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Blouin CM, Lamaze C. Interferon gamma receptor: the beginning of the journey. Front Immunol 2013; 4:267. [PMID: 24027571 PMCID: PMC3760442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our view of endocytosis and membrane trafficking of transmembrane receptors has dramatically changed over the last 20 years. Several new endocytic routes have been discovered and mechanistically characterized in mammalian cells. Long considered as a passive means to terminate signaling through down-regulation of the number of activated receptors at the plasma membrane, it is now established that receptor endocytosis and endosomal sorting can be directly linked to the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways. The functional links between membrane trafficking of interferon receptors and JAK/STAT signaling have recently begun to be unraveled. These studies raise the exciting possibility that a certain level of signal specificity can be achieved through endocytosis and selective localization of the activated complexes within cellular membranes. The ongoing development of high-resolution cell imaging techniques with better spatial and temporal resolution gives new means of deciphering the inherent complexity of membrane trafficking and signaling. This should help to better comprehend the molecular mechanisms by which endocytosis and endosomal sorting of interferon receptors can orchestrate signaling selectivity within the JAK/STAT pathway that can be activated by as many as 60 different cytokines, growth factors, and hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric M. Blouin
- Laboratoire Trafic, Signalisation et Ciblage Intracellulaires, Institut Curie – Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Laboratoire Trafic, Signalisation et Ciblage Intracellulaires, Institut Curie – Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
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Association signals unveiled by a comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis of dental caries genome-wide association studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72653. [PMID: 23967329 PMCID: PMC3743773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene set-based analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data has recently emerged as a useful approach to examine the joint effects of multiple risk loci in complex human diseases or phenotypes. Dental caries is a common, chronic, and complex disease leading to a decrease in quality of life worldwide. In this study, we applied the approaches of gene set enrichment analysis to a major dental caries GWAS dataset, which consists of 537 cases and 605 controls. Using four complementary gene set analysis methods, we analyzed 1331 Gene Ontology (GO) terms collected from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Setting false discovery rate (FDR) threshold as 0.05, we identified 13 significantly associated GO terms. Additionally, 17 terms were further included as marginally associated because they were top ranked by each method, although their FDR is higher than 0.05. In total, we identified 30 promising GO terms, including ‘Sphingoid metabolic process,’ ‘Ubiquitin protein ligase activity,’ ‘Regulation of cytokine secretion,’ and ‘Ceramide metabolic process.’ These GO terms encompass broad functions that potentially interact and contribute to the oral immune response related to caries development, which have not been reported in the standard single marker based analysis. Collectively, our gene set enrichment analysis provided complementary insights into the molecular mechanisms and polygenic interactions in dental caries, revealing promising association signals that could not be detected through single marker analysis of GWAS data.
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Piehler J, Thomas C, Garcia KC, Schreiber G. Structural and dynamic determinants of type I interferon receptor assembly and their functional interpretation. Immunol Rev 2012; 250:317-34. [PMID: 23046138 PMCID: PMC3986811 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) form a network of homologous cytokines that bind to a shared, heterodimeric cell surface receptor and engage signaling pathways that activate innate and adaptive immune responses. The ability of IFNs to mediate differential responses through the same cell surface receptor has been subject of a controversial debate and has important medical implications. During the past decade, a comprehensive insight into the structure, energetics, and dynamics of IFN recognition by its two-receptor subunits, as well as detailed correlations with their functional properties on the level of signal activation, gene expression, and biological responses were obtained. All type I IFNs bind the two-receptor subunits at the same sites and form structurally very similar ternary complexes. Differential IFN activities were found to be determined by different lifetimes and ligand affinities toward the receptor subunits, which dictate assembly and dynamics of the signaling complex in the plasma membrane. We present a simple model, which explains differential IFN activities based on rapid endocytosis of signaling complexes and negative feedback mechanisms interfering with ternary complex assembly. More insight into signaling pathways as well as endosomal signaling and trafficking will be required for a comprehensive understanding, which will eventually lead to therapeutic applications of IFNs with increased efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christoph Thomas
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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