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Ansari MD, Shafi S, Pandit J, Waheed A, Jahan RN, Khan I, Vohora D, Jain S, Aqil M, Sultana Y. Raloxifene encapsulated spanlastic nanogel for the prevention of bone fracture risk via transdermal administration: Pharmacokinetic and efficacy study in animal model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1635-1647. [PMID: 37996726 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01480-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
This research work is to evaluate spanlastic-loaded raloxifene (RLX) nanogel administration via the transdermal route to avoid its hepatic metabolism and to enhance the bioavailability for better management of osteoporosis. RLX-loaded spanlastic nanogel was prepared and characterized for its viscosity, pH, spreadability, and texture profile. The formulation was applied on the skin surface of the animal for pharmacokinetic evaluation, and later, the efficacy of the formulation was assessed in ovariectomized female Wistar rats. The nanogel was obtained with a viscosity (2552.66 ± 30.61 cP), pH (7.1 ± 0.1), and spreadability (7.1 ± 0.2 cm). The texture properties, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness of the nanogel showed its suitability for transdermal application. Nanogel showed no sign of edema and erythema in the skin irritation test which revealed its safety for transdermal application. The t1/2 obtained for RLX-spanlastic nanogel (37.02 ± 0.59 h) was much higher than that obtained for RLX-oral suspension (14.43 h). The relative bioavailability was found to be 215.96% for RLX-spanlastic nanogel, and the drug and formulation did not show any toxicity in any of the vital organs, as well as no hematological changes occurring in blood samples. In microarchitectural measurement, RLX-spanlastic nanogel exhibited no unambiguous deviations along with improved bone mineral density compared to the RLX suspension treated group. Transdermal administration of RLX-spanlastic nanogel showed significant improvement of drug bioavailability (approx. twice to oral administration) without any toxic effect in the treated rats. Hence, spanlastic nanogel could be a better approach to deliver RLX via transdermal route for the management of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Danish Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, 110062, New Delhi, India
| | - Sadat Shafi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Jayamanti Pandit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, 110062, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayesha Waheed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, 110062, New Delhi, India
| | - Rao Nargis Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, 110062, New Delhi, India
| | - Iram Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, 110062, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shreshta Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, 110062, New Delhi, India
| | - Yasmin Sultana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, 110062, New Delhi, India.
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Ahuja A, Bajpai M. Novel Arena of Nanocosmetics: Applications and their Remarkable Contribution in the Management of Dermal Disorders, Topical Delivery, Future Trends and Challenges. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:115-139. [PMID: 38204262 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128288516231228101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Nanocosmetics have attracted a considerable audience towards natural care due to their low cost, target-specific delivery, and reduced toxicity compared to chemical-based cosmetics. Nanofomulations, including nanoemulsions, nanotubes, and polymeric carriers, have become next-generation products explored for the multifaced applications of nanotechnology in skin care. The rise in the cosmetic industry demands innovative and personalized products designed using nanocarriers for better targeting and improving patient compliance. Furthermore, nanocosmetics increase the efficiency of skin permeation active ingredient entrapment, providing better UV protection. Moreover, it offers controlled drug release, targeting active sites and enhancing physical stability. Further, overcoming the drawback of penetration problems makes them sustainable formulations for precision medicine. Skincare nourishment with nanocosmetics using Indian spices helps to maintain, beautify, and rejuvenate human skin. Nanophytopharmaceuticals extracted from plants, including alkaloids, flavonoids, antioxidants, and volatile oils, are essential phyto-products for skin care. Nano herbals and nanocosmetics are a growing market and gift of nature that nourishes and cures skin ailments like acne, pemphigus, anti-aging, albinism, psoriasis, and fungal infections. The emerging concern is highlighted in the investigation of nanoformulation toxicity and safety concerns in skin care. Further, it helps to manifest research, development, and innovation in expanding the scope of herbal industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Ahuja
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, U.P. 281406, India
| | - Meenakshi Bajpai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, U.P. 281406, India
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3
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Singh S, Patil VM, Paliwal SK, Masand N. Nanotechnology-based Drug Delivery of Topical Antifungal Agents. Pharm Nanotechnol 2024; 12:185-196. [PMID: 37594096 DOI: 10.2174/2211738511666230818125031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Among the various prominent fungal infections, superficial ones are widespread. A large number of antifungal agents and their formulations for topical use are commercially available. They have some pharmacokinetic limitations which cannot be retracted by conventional delivery systems. While nanoformulations composed of lipidic and polymeric nanoparticles have the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional systems. The broad spectrum category of antifungals i.e. azoles (ketoconazole, voriconazole, econazole, miconazole, etc.) nanoparticles have been designed, prepared and their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile was established. This review briefly elaborates on the types of nano-based topical drug delivery systems and portrays their advantages for researchers in the related field to benefit the available antifungal therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan, India
- Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vaishali M Patil
- Charak School of Pharmacy, Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Neeraj Masand
- Department of Pharmacy, Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rasool M, Mazhar D, Afzal I, Zeb A, Khan S, Ali H. In vitro and in vivo characterization of Miconazole Nitrate loaded transethosomes for the treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123563. [PMID: 37907141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to fabricate Miconazole Nitrate transethosomes (MCZN TESs) embedded in chitosan-based gel for the topical treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis. A thin film hydration method was employed to formulate MCZN TESs. The prepared MCZN TESs were optimized and analyzed for their physicochemical properties including particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (%EE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), deformability, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro release, skin permeation and deposition, skin irritation, antifungal assay, and in vivo efficacy against infected rats were evaluated. The optimized MCZN TESs showed PS of 224.8 ± 5.1 nm, ZP 21.1 ± 1.10 mV, PDI 0.207 ± 0.009, and % EE 94.12 ± 0.101 % with sustained drug release profile. Moreover, MCZN TESs Gel exhibited desirable pH, spreadability, and viscosity. Notably, the penetration and deposition capabilities of MCZN TESs Gel showed a 4-fold enhancement compared to MCZN TESs. Importantly, in vitro antifungal assay elaborated MCZN TESs Gel anti-fungal activity was 2.38-fold more compared to MCZN Gel. In vivo, studies showed a 1.5 times reduction in the duration of treatment MCZN TESs Gel treated animal group. Therefore, studies demonstrated that MCZN TESs could be a suitable drug delivery system with higher penetration and good antifungal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Danish Mazhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Afzal
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Zeb
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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5
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Samee A, Usman F, Wani TA, Farooq M, Shah HS, Javed I, Ahmad H, Khan R, Zargar S, Kausar S. Sulconazole-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Antifungal Activity: In Vitro and In Vivo Approach. Molecules 2023; 28:7508. [PMID: 38005230 PMCID: PMC10672792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have the advantages of a cell-specific delivery and sustained release of hydrophobic drugs that can be exploited against infectious diseases. The topical delivery of hydrophobic drugs needs pharmaceutical strategies to enhance drug permeation, which is a challenge faced by conventional formulations containing a drug suspended in gel, creams or ointments. We report the fabrication and optimization of SLNs with sulconazole (SCZ) as a model hydrophobic drug and then a formulation of an SLN-based topical gel against fungal infections. The SLNs were optimized through excipients of glyceryl monostearate and Phospholipon® 90 H as lipids and tween 20 as a surfactant for its size, drug entrapment and sustained release and resistance against aggregation. The SCZ-SLNs were physically characterized for their particle size (89.81 ± 2.64), polydispersity index (0.311 ± 0.07), zeta potential (-26.98 ± 1.19) and encapsulation efficiency (86.52 ± 0.53). The SCZ-SLNs showed sustained release of 85.29% drug at the 12 h timepoint. The TEM results demonstrated spherical morphology, while DSC, XRD and FTIR showed the compatibility of the drug inside SLNs. SCZ-SLNs were incorporated into a gel using carbopol and were further optimized for their rheological behavior, pH, homogeneity and spreadability on the skin. The antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum was increased in comparison to a SCZ carbopol-based gel. In vivo antifungal activity in rabbits presented faster healing of skin fungal infections. The histopathological examination of the treated skin from rabbits presented restoration of the dermal architecture. In summary, the approach of formulating SLNs into a topical gel presented an advantageous drug delivery system against mycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Samee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan; (A.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Faisal Usman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan; (A.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mudassir Farooq
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Hamid Saeed Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Syed Abdul Qadir Jillani (Out Fall) Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim Javed
- Center for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, The University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Hassan Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, 1-Khayaban.e. Jinnah Road, Johar Town, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Riffat Khan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Safina Kausar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan; (A.S.); (S.K.)
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Asghar Z, Jamshaid T, Sajid-ur-Rehman M, Jamshaid U, Gad HA. Novel Transethosomal Gel Containing Miconazole Nitrate; Development, Characterization, and Enhanced Antifungal Activity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2537. [PMID: 38004517 PMCID: PMC10675164 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Miconazole nitrate (MCNR) is a BCS class II antifungal drug with poor water solubility. Although numerous attempts have been made to increase its solubility, formulation researchers struggle with this significant issue. Transethosomes are promising novel nanocarriers for improving the solubility and penetration of drugs that are inadequately soluble and permeable. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop MCNR-loaded transethosomal gel in order to enhance skin permeation and antifungal activity. MCNR-loaded transethosomes (MCNR-TEs) were generated using the thin film hydration method and evaluated for their zeta potential, particle size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency (EE%). SEM, FTIR, and DSC analyses were also done to characterize the optimized formulation of MCNR-TEs (MT-8). The optimized formulation of MCNR-TEs was incorporated into a carbopol 934 gel base to form transethosomal gel (MNTG) that was subjected to ex vivo permeation and drug release studies. In vitro antifungal activity was carried out against Candida albicans through the cup plate technique. An in vivo skin irritation test was also performed on Wistar albino rats. MT-8 displayed smooth spherical transethosomal nanoparticles with the highest EE% (89.93 ± 1.32%), lowest particle size (139.3 ± 1.14 nm), polydispersity index (0.188 ± 0.05), and zeta potential (-18.1 ± 0.10 mV). The release profile of MT-8 displayed an initial burst followed by sustained release, and the release data were best fitted with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. MCNR-loaded transethosomal gel was stable and showed a non-Newtonian flow. It was found that ex vivo drug permeation of MNTG was 48.76%, which was significantly higher than that of MNPG (plain gel) (p ≤ 0.05) following a 24-h permeation study. The prepared MCNR transethosomal gel exhibited increased antifungal activity, and its safety was proven by the results of an in vivo skin irritation test. Therefore, the developed transethosomal gel can be a proficient drug delivery system via a topical route with enhanced antifungal activity and skin permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara Asghar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (Z.A.); (M.S.-u.-R.)
| | - Talha Jamshaid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (Z.A.); (M.S.-u.-R.)
| | - Muhammad Sajid-ur-Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; (Z.A.); (M.S.-u.-R.)
| | - Usama Jamshaid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Strasbourg University, 67084 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Heba A. Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
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Keshwania P, Kaur N, Chauhan J, Sharma G, Afzal O, Alfawaz Altamimi AS, Almalki WH. Superficial Dermatophytosis across the World's Populations: Potential Benefits from Nanocarrier-Based Therapies and Rising Challenges. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31575-31599. [PMID: 37692246 PMCID: PMC10483660 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent infection in the world is dermatophytosis, which is a major issue with high recurrence and can affect the entire body including the skin, hair, and nails. The major goal of this Review is to acquire knowledge about cutting-edge approaches for treating dermatophytosis efficiently by adding antifungals to formulations based on nanocarriers in order to overcome the shortcomings of standard treatment methods. Updates on nanosystems and research developments on animal and clinical investigations are also presented. Along with the currently licensed formulations, the investigation also emphasizes novel therapies and existing therapeutic alternatives that can be used to control dermatophytosis. The Review also summarizes recent developments on the prevalence, management approaches, and disadvantages of standard dosage types. There are a number of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of dermatophytosis that have good clinical cure rates but also drawbacks such as antifungal drug resistance and unfavorable side effects. To improve therapeutic activity and get around the drawbacks of the traditional therapy approaches for dermatophytosis, efforts have been described in recent years to combine several antifungal drugs into new carriers. These formulations have been successful in providing improved antifungal activity, longer drug retention, improved effectiveness, higher skin penetration, and sustained drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Keshwania
- Department
of Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar
Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Narinder Kaur
- Department
of Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar
Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Jyoti Chauhan
- Department
of Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar
Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Waleed H. Almalki
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21961, Saudi Arabia
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Imam SS, Gilani SJ, Zafar A, Jumah MNB, Alshehri S. Formulation of Miconazole-Loaded Chitosan-Carbopol Vesicular Gel: Optimization to In Vitro Characterization, Irritation, and Antifungal Assessment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020581. [PMID: 36839903 PMCID: PMC9959533 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Miconazole nitrate (MN) is a poorly water-soluble and antifungal drug used for fungal infections. The present research work was designed to develop topical MN-loaded bilosomes (BSs) for the improvement of therapeutic efficacy. MZBSs were prepared by using the thin-film hydration method and further optimized by using the Box-Behnken statistical design (BBD). The optimized miconazole bilosome (MZBSo) showed nano-sized vesicles, a low polydispersity index, a high entrapment efficiency, and zeta potential. Further, MZBSo was incorporated into the gel using carbopol 934P and chitosan polymers. The selected miconazole bilosome gel (MZBSoG2) demonstrated an acceptable pH (6.4 ± 0.1), viscosity (1856 ± 21 cP), and spreadability (6.6 ± 0.2 cm2). Compared to MZBSo (86.76 ± 3.7%), MZBSoG2 showed a significantly (p < 0.05) slower drug release (58.54 ± 4.1%). MZBSoG2 was found to be a non-irritant because it achieved a score of zero (standard score) in the HET-CAM test. It also exhibited significant antifungal activity compared to pure MZ against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The stability study results showed no significant changes after stability testing under accelerated conditions. MZ-loaded gels could serve as effective alternative carriers for improving therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Foundation Year of Health Colleges, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.J.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.J.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - May Nasser Bin Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Environment and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Society for Applied Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Gupta P, Hafeez A, Kushwaha P. Development and Evaluation of Topical Ethosomal Gel for Fungal Infections. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2023; 73:46-53. [PMID: 36138545 DOI: 10.1055/a-1924-7818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal infections are one of the most common dermatological issues worldwide. Candida species-caused fungal infections are frequent on the cutaneous surface. Eberconazole (EBZ) has the strongest antifungal action against Candida spp., the major source of fungal infections. METHOD In the present study, the cold method followed by probe sonication was used to create EBZ-loaded ethosomal dispersion. The solubility of ethosomes in different lipids and surfactants was used to choose these components. Under magnetic stirring, the dispersion was absorbed into a carbopol 934 gel. In vitro antifungal activity was performed using the Agar well diffusion method, and their topical effectiveness against pathogenic Candida albicans was compared to that of a marketed formulation containing EBZ. RESULTS Eberconazol incorporated into gel displayed sustained release in an in vitro release assay. Based on the zone of inhibition diameters, EBZ formulation was determined to be efficient against C. albicans when compared to the commercialized cream and plain gel. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, the current study found that EBZ possesses significant antifungal efficacy against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Gupta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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Shaw TK, Paul P, Chatterjee B. Research-based findings on scope of liposome-based cosmeceuticals: an updated review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products with biologically active components that have drug-like benefits. Cosmeceuticals are currently rapidly growing segments encompassing the personal care industry and numerous topical cosmetics-based therapies for treating different skin conditions. The barrier nature of skin causes limitations to topical treatment. The effectiveness of this cosmeceutical product has been enhanced a few folds by using nanotechnological modifications.
Main body
PubMed electronic searches for the literature were performed using combinations of the following terms: “cosmeceutical,” “liposome-based cosmeceuticals,” “acne and liposome,” “photo-aging and liposome,” “hyperpigmentation and liposome,” “wrinkles and liposome,” “fungal infections and liposome,” and “hair damage and liposome” from the earliest publication date available to January 5, 2022. Among the various nanotechnological approaches, liposomes offer numerous advantages such as topical cosmeceutical products, starting from improved moisturization, biodegradability, biocompatibility, enhanced permeation and retention, improved bioavailability of the active ingredients, increased esthetic appeal of cosmeceutical products, slow and extended dermal release. This review outlines various liposome-based cosmeceutical products that has been investigated to treat skin disorders such as photoaging, wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, hair damage and fungal infections.
Conclusion
Liposome-based cosmeceuticals provide a better opportunity to deliver therapeutic moiety for various skin conditions and offer potential promise for future clinical applications.
Graphical Abstract
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11
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Nagasa GD, Belete A. Review on Nanomaterials and Nano-Scaled Systems for Topical and Systemic Delivery of Antifungal Drugs. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:1819-1840. [PMID: 36060421 PMCID: PMC9432385 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s359282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gamachu Diba Nagasa
- Department of Pharmacy, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Gamachu Diba Nagasa, Email
| | - Anteneh Belete
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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12
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Patel V, Mehta TA. Betamethasone Dipropionate Nanocrystals: Investigation, Feasibility and In Vitro Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:197. [PMID: 35835936 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids, such as betamethasone dipropionate (BMD), have been the mainstay in topical therapy as potent glucocorticoid receptor agonist with immune suppression, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, they have poor skin penetration, which is a hurdle against its potential therapeutic benefits. In present investigation, nanocrystals as carrier for effective topical delivery of BMD were explored using wet milling as technique and polysorbate 80 as a non-ionic stabilizer. Upon optimizing different process parameters, promising results were observed at stabilizer concentration of 0.9% w/v having particle size analysis (PSA) and PDI as 284 nm and 0.299, respectively. These results were supported by the FTIR and PXRD spectra of BMD-API and BMD nanocrystals, suggesting strong crystal lattice structure of BMD being reduced due to milling. The reduction in particle morphology was evident from the FESEM images. The optimized batch of BMD nanocrystals was incorporated into Carbopol gel base, showing pH 6.2 ± 0.2 and viscosity 87.00 ± 5.2 Pa s at 25°C. A drug diffusion study using Franz diffusion cell proclaimed around ~86% BMD release from nanogel across the membrane. Also, it was observed that the BMD permeation across the skin was 2.39-fold higher with marketed formulation in contrast to BMD nanogel, suggesting prolonged drug release. The skin permeation flux with nanogel was at a much lower rate along with ~50.27% drug retention in different strata of skin, resulting in retention of drug nanocrystals. Thus, in nutshell the prolonged drug release from nanogel would fulfill the aim of once a day application and would aid in reducing the adverse events associated with repeated drug applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viral Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Gujarat, 382481, Ahmedabad, India. .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Anand, Gujarat, 388421, India.
| | - Tejal A Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Gujarat, 382481, Ahmedabad, India
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Ansari MD, Saifi Z, Pandit J, Khan I, Solanki P, Sultana Y, Aqil M. Spanlastics a Novel Nanovesicular Carrier: Its Potential Application and Emerging Trends in Therapeutic Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:112. [PMID: 35411425 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery system has played a very crucial role in overpowering the tasks allied with the conventional dosage form. Spanlastics, an elastic nanovesicle with an ability to carry wide range of drug molecules, make it a potential drug delivery carrier. Spanlastics have extended rising curiosity for diverse sort of route of administration. They can squeeze themselves through the skin pore due to elastic and deformable nature which makes them favorable for transdermal delivery. Spanlastics consist of non-ionic surfactant or blend of surfactants. Many researchers proved that spanlastics have been significantly augment therapeutic efficacy, enhanced drug bioavailability, and reduced drug toxicity. This review summarizes various vesicular systems, composition and structure of spanlastics, advantages of spanlastics over other drug delivery systems, and mechanism of drug penetration through skin. It also gives a brief on different types of drug encapsulated in spanlastics vesicles for the treatment of various diseases.
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14
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Miconazole Nitrate–Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle-Based Hydrogel Ameliorate Candida albicans Induced Mycoses in Experimental Animals. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-00948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Ali SA, Sindi AM, Mair YH, Khallaf RA. Oral gel loaded by ethotransfersomes of antifungal drug for oral thrush: Preparation, characterization, and assessment of antifungal activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Nagaraj S, Manivannan S, Narayan S. Potent antifungal agents and use of nanocarriers to improve delivery to the infected site: A systematic review. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:849-873. [PMID: 34351655 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
There are four major classes of antifungals with the predominant mechanism of action being targeting of cell wall or cell membrane. As in other drugs, low solubility of these compounds has led to low bioavailability in target tissues. Enhanced drug dosages have effects such as toxicity, drug-drug interactions, and increased drug resistance by fungi. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art of antifungals, structure, mechanism of action, other usages, and toxic side effects. The emergence of nanoformulations to transport and uniformly release cargo at the target site is a boon in antifungal treatment. The article details research that lead to the development of nanoformulations of antifungals and potential advantages and avoidance of the lacunae characterizing conventional drugs. A range of nanoformulations based on liposomes, polymers are in various stages of research and their potential advantages have been brought out. It could be observed that under similar dosages, test models, and duration, nanoformulations provided enhanced activity, reduced toxicity, higher uptake and higher immunostimulatory effects. In most instances, the mechanism of antifungal activity of nanoformulations was similar to that of regular antifungal. There are possibilities of coupling multiple antifungals on the same nano-platform. Increased activity coupled with multiple mechanisms of action presents for nanoformulations a tremendous opportunity to overcome antifungal resistance. In the years to come, robust methods for the preparation of nanoformulations taking into account the repeatability and reproducibility in action, furthering the studies on nanoformulation toxicity and studies of human models are required before extensive use of nanoformulations as a prescribed drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswathi Nagaraj
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sivakami Manivannan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shoba Narayan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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17
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Dual-Responsive Micellar Microgels Matrixed with Surface-Engineered Lipids: a New Approach for Controlled Vaginal Drug Delivery. J Pharm Innov 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-021-09546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Abdelmonem R, Elhabal SF, Abdelmalak NS, El-Nabarawi MA, Teaima MH. Formulation and Characterization of Acetazolamide/Carvedilol Niosomal Gel for Glaucoma Treatment: In Vitro, and In Vivo Study. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020221. [PMID: 33562785 PMCID: PMC7915822 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetazolamide (ACZ) is a diuretic used in glaucoma treatment; it has many side effects. Carvedilol (CAR) is a non-cardioselective beta-blocker used in the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure; it is subjected to the first-pass metabolism and causes fluids accumulation leading to edema. This study focuses on overcoming previous side effects by using a topical formula of a combination of the two previous drugs. Sixty formulations of niosomes containing Span 20, Span 60, Tween 20, and Tween 60 with two different ratios were prepared and characterized. Formulation with the lowest particle size (416.30 ± 0.23), the highest zeta potential (72.04 ± 0.43 mv), and the highest apparent coefficient of corneal permeability (0.02 ± 0.29 cm/h) were selected. The selected formula was incorporated into the gel using factorial design 23. Niosomes (acetazolamide/carvedilol) consisting of Span 60 and cholesterol in the molar ratio (7:6), HMPC, and carbopol with two different ratios were used. The selected formula was subjected to an in vivo study of intraocular pressure in ocular hypertensive rabbits for 60 h. The sustained gel formula of the combination decreased (IOP) to normal after 1 h and sustained efficacy for 4 days. Histological analysis of rabbit eyeballs treated with the selected formula showed improvement in glaucomatous eye retinal atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Abdelmonem
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt;
| | - Sammar F. Elhabal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Mokattam, Cairo 11571, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-010-088-56536
| | - Nevine S. Abdelmalak
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (N.S.A.); (M.A.E.-N.); (M.H.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Km 22 Cairo-Alex Road, Giza 12256, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (N.S.A.); (M.A.E.-N.); (M.H.T.)
| | - Mahmoud H. Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (N.S.A.); (M.A.E.-N.); (M.H.T.)
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19
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Umeyor CE, Okoye I, Uronnachi E, Okeke T, Kenechukwu F, Attama A. Repositioning miconazole nitrate for malaria: Formulation of sustained release nanostructured lipid carriers, structure characterization and in vivo antimalarial evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Peram MR, Patil SR, Kumbar VM, Kugaji MS, Bhat KG, Diwan PV, Jalalpure S. An RP-HPLC Method for Quantitative Analysis of Linagliptin Entrapped in Nanotransfersomes and its Application to Skin Permeation Studies. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916666191116103615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Linagliptin (LNG) is an oral hypoglycemic agent that acts by inhibiting
the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase - 4 (DPP-4) and reduces blood sugar levels in type-II diabetic patients.
To date, the literature presents few analytical methods for the determination of LNG. However,
no reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been reported
for the determination of LNG in nanotransfersomes and in vitro skin permeation samples.
Objective:
The present study involves the development and validation of RP-HPLC method to
quantify LNG in both nanotransfersomes and in vitro skin permeation and deposition samples.
Methods:
The chromatographic analysis was performed on Luna C18 (2) column (250 x 4.6 mm,
5μm particle size) with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of methanol: 0.2% orthophosphoric
acid (50:50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, detection wavelength of 227 nm, and column temperature
of 40 °C.
Results:
The method was found to be specific, linear (r2 ≥ 0.999; 2-12 μg/mL), precise at both
intra and inter-day levels (percentage relative standard deviation; % RSD < 2.00), accurate (percentage
recovery 100.21-103.83%), and robust. The detection and quantification limits were 0.27
and 0.82 μg/mL, respectively. The mean % entrapment efficiency and the cumulative amount of
LNG permeated across the rat skin from different transfersomal formulations ranged between
40.78 ± 2.54 % to 52.26 ± 2.15 % and 79.54 ± 16.67 to 200.74 ± 35.13 μg/cm2 respectively.
Conclusion:
The method was successfully applied to determine the entThe method was successfully applied to determine the entrapment efficiency, in vitro
skin permeation and deposition behavior of LNG-nanotransfersomes.rapment efficiency, in vitro skin permeation and deposition behavior of LNG-nanotransfersomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malleswara Rao Peram
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka 590010, India
| | - Sachin R. Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka 590010, India
| | - Vijay M. Kumbar
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka 590010, India
| | - Manohar S. Kugaji
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka 590010, India
| | - Kishore G. Bhat
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka 590010, India
| | - Prakash V. Diwan
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka 590010, Indonesia
| | - Sunil Jalalpure
- Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
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Formulation and Optimization of Nanospanlastics for Improving the Bioavailability of Green Tea Epigallocatechin Gallate. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010068. [PMID: 33467631 PMCID: PMC7831059 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the potential of nanospanlastics for boosting the bioavailability of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). EGCG has valuable effects like anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-tumorigenesis. Unfortunately, it has a low oral bioavailability due to its limited permeation and poor stability. To overcome these pitfalls, EGCG was fabricated as a nanospanlastic. Nanospanlastics are flexible nanovesicles that are composed of surfactants and edge activators (EAs). EAs improve the deformability of spanlastics by acting as a destabilizing factor of their vesicular membranes. EGCG-loaded spanlastics were prepared by an ethanol injection method, according to 23 factorial design, to explore the impact of different independent variables on entrapment efficiency (EE%), % drug released after 12 h (Q12h), and particle size (PS). In vitro characterization, ex vivo intestinal permeation test, and pharmacokinetic study of the optimized formula were performed. A newly developed RP-HPLC technique was adopted for the estimation of EGCG. The optimized formula (F4) demonstrated more prolonged drug release and a significant improvement in the EE%, permeability, deformability and stability than the corresponding niosomes. The pharmacokinetic study investigated that F4 had a more sustained drug release and a higher bioavailability than the conventional niosomes and free drugs. Nanospanlastics could be a promising approach for improving the bioavailability of EGCG.
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Fabrication of Transgelosomes for Enhancing the Ocular Delivery of Acetazolamide: Statistical Optimization, In Vitro Characterization, and In Vivo Study. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050465. [PMID: 32443679 PMCID: PMC7284610 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetazolamide (ACZ) is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of glaucoma. Its oral administration causes various undesirable side effects. This study aimed to formulate transgelosomes (TGS) for enhancing the ocular delivery of ACZ. ACZ-loaded transfersomes were formulated by the ethanol injection method, using phosphatidylcholine (PC) and different edge activators, including Tween 80, Span 60, and Cremophor RH 40. The effects of the ratio of lipid to surfactant and type of surfactant on % drug released after 8 h (Q8h) and entrapment efficiency (EE%) were investigated by using Design-Expert software. The optimized formula was formulated as TGS, using poloxamers as gelling agents. In vitro and in vivo characterization of ACZ-loaded TGS was performed. According to optimization study, F8 had the highest desirability value and was chosen as the optimized formula for preparing TGS. F8 appeared as spherical elastic nanovesicles with Q8h of 93.01 ± 3.76% and EE% of 84.44 ± 2.82. Compared to a free drug, TGS exhibited more prolonged drug release of 71.28 ± 0.46% after 8 h, higher ex vivo permeation of 66.82 ± 1.11% after 8 h and a significant lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP) for 24 h. Therefore, TGS provided a promising technique for improving the corneal delivery of ACZ.
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Nayak D, Tawale RM, Aranjani JM, Tippavajhala VK. Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Novel Ultra-deformable Vesicular Drug Delivery System for an Anti-fungal Drug. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:140. [PMID: 32419032 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study is aimed at enhancing the skin penetration of ketoconazole by formulating it as transethosome. Ketoconazole-loaded transethosome formulations were prepared by conventional thin film evaporation and hydration method and were optimized using concentration of edge activator (span 80), ethanol and sonication time as factors and particle size, polydispersity index and entrapment efficiency as responses. The optimized formulation was further evaluated for in vitro diffusion, anti-fungal activity, ex vivo penetration and in vivo pharmacodynamic activity. The results of in vitro drug diffusion and ex vivo skin penetration studies demonstrated that the amount of drug diffused and penetrated through the skin was increased. Optimized transethosomes showed enhanced in vitro antifungal and in vivo pharmacodynamic activities against Candida albicans in Wistar albino rats when compared to conventional liposomes. Therefore, the developed ketoconazole encapsulated transethosome formulation is capable of enhancing the skin penetration of the drug by overcoming the stratum corneum barrier function and acting as an effective drug delivery system for ketoconazole through the skin for its anti-fungal activity.
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Mahmoud RA, Hussein AK, Nasef GA, Mansour HF. Oxiconazole nitrate solid lipid nanoparticles: formulation, in-vitro characterization and clinical assessment of an analogous loaded carbopol gel. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:706-716. [PMID: 32266837 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1752707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to develop a promising drug delivery system of oxiconazole nitrate-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) topical gel to enhance the drug effectiveness for the treatment of Tinea infection. SLNs were prepared by emulsification-solvent evaporation method. Particle size and entrapment efficiency of the prepared SLNs were investigated. An appropriate formulation was selected and examined for morphology and physicochemical characterization adopting Scanning electron microscope and Differential scanning colorimetry. In-vitro drug release was also investigated. The selected SLNs were loaded into 1% Carbopol 934 gel that was investigated for homogeneity, pH, grittiness, spreadability, viscosity and in vitro drug release. Clinical study for the developed gel system compared to the corresponding marketed product was conducted on 28 patients. The results revealed that the prepared oxiconazole nitrate SLNs had drug entrapment efficiency ranging from 41.34% to 75.07% and zeta potential lying between -13 and -50. Physicochemical characterization revealed a decrease in the drug crystallinity in the prepared SLNs. The gel formulation showed appropriate physical characteristics and sustained in-vitro drug release. Clinical study for the prepared oxiconazole nitrate SLNs gel showed significantly less side effects, better patient satisfaction and superior clinical improvement compared with the corresponding marketed product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amal K Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El Minia, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Nasef
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El Minia, Egypt
| | - Heba F Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El Minia, Egypt
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Thakur K, Sharma G, Singh B, Katare OP. Topical Drug Delivery of Anti-infectives Employing Lipid-Based Nanocarriers: Dermatokinetics as an Important Tool. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5108-5128. [PMID: 30657036 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190118155843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic approaches for the management of topical infections have always been a difficult approach due to lack of efficacy of conventional topical formulations, high frequency of topical applications and non-patient compliance. The major challenge in the management of topical infections lies in antibiotic resistance which leads to severe complications and hospitalizations resulting in economic burden and high mortality rates. METHODS Topical delivery employing lipid-based carriers has been a promising strategy to overcome the challenges of poor skin permeation and retention along with large doses which need to be administered systemically. The use of lipid-based delivery systems is a promising strategy for the effective topical delivery of antibiotics and overcoming drug-resistant strains in the skin. The major systems include transfersomes, niosomes, ethosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, microemulsion and nanoemulsion as the most promising drug delivery approaches to treat infectious disorders. The main advantages of these systems include lipid bilayer structure which mimics the cell membrane and can fuse with infectious microbes. The numerous advantages associated with nanocarriers like enhanced efficacy, improvement in bioavailability, controlled drug release and ability to target the desired infectious pathogen have made these carriers successful. CONCLUSION Despite the number of strides taken in the field of topical drug delivery in infectious diseases, it still requires extensive research efforts to have a better perspective of the factors that influence drug permeation along with the mechanism of action with regard to skin penetration and deposition. The final objective of the therapy is to provide a safe and effective therapeutic approach for the management of infectious diseases affecting topical sites leading to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and patient-compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Thakur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Bhupindar Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
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Patel V, Sharma OP, Mehta TA. Impact of Process Parameters on Particle Size Involved in Media Milling Technique Used for Preparing Clotrimazole Nanocrystals for the Management of Cutaneous Candidiasis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:175. [PMID: 31028492 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clotrimazole is widely used for the management of cutaneous candidiasis infection. The low solubility of clotrimazole and excipient-related topical side effects (of currently available marketed products) cause the compromised efficacy of the therapy with poor patient compliance. In the present investigation, a clotrimazole nanocrystal-based nanogel was developed. Clotrimazole nanocrystals were optimized with studying the impact of individual process parameters of the media milling technique. The optimum level of individual process parameters was considered in the development of optimized batches. A promising result was obtained with a non-ionic stabilizer, polysorbate 80, at a concentration of 1.5%w/v, showing a distinct reduction in the particle size from above 31 μm to 264 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.211 with media milling at 1500 rpm for 6 h. This result was found to be in concordance with the TEM images, revealing a sharp diminution in particle morphology. Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results revealed crystallinity of clotrimazole (CTZ) in nanocrystal form. The optimized nanocrystal suspension was formulated into nanogel with carbopol 934, having a viscosity of 86.43 ± 2.06 Pa s at 25°C, which enhanced the ease of application of CTZ nanocrystals topically. A diffusion study showed around 82% of CTZ is transported across the membrane with the flux of 110.07 μg cm-2 h-1. In vivo results of the nanogel revealed improvement in CTZ release with 52% CTZ retention in different strata of the skin. The developed nanogel showed a significant improvement in the eradication of fungal infection within 10 days of application over Candida albicans-induced Wistar rat model. In a nutshell, the CTZ nanocrystal-loaded nanogel could achieve the goal of retaining CTZ in skin layers providing a prolonged effect and was able to treat cutaneous candidiasis in a short span with improved compliance for the candidiasis patients.
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Santos RS, Loureiro KC, Rezende PS, Andrade LN, de Melo Barbosa R, Santini A, Santos AC, Ferreira da Silva C, Souto EB, de Sousa DP, Amaral RG, Severino P. Innovative nanocompounds for cutaneous administration of classical antifungal drugs: a systematic review. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 30:617-626. [PMID: 29856232 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2018.1479726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine manipulates materials at atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale, with at least one dimension within the nanometer range, for biomedical applications. The resulting nanoparticles have been consistently shown beneficial effects for antifungal drugs delivery, overcoming the problems of low bioavailability and high toxicity of these drugs. Due to their unique features, namely the small mean particle size, nanoparticles contribute to the enhanced drug absorption and uptake by the target cells, potentiating the therapeutic drug effect. The topical route is desirable due to the adverse effects arising from oral administration. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the use of nano compounds for the current treatment of topical fungal infections. A special emphasis is given to the employment of lipid nanoparticles, due to their recognized efficacy, versatility, and biocompatibility, attracting the major attention as novel topical nanocompounds used for the administration of antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Silva Santos
- a Universidade Tiradentes - UNIT , Aracaju , Brazil.,b Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Nanomedicina (LNMed) Av. Murilo Dantas , Aracaju , Brazil
| | - Kahynna Cavalcante Loureiro
- a Universidade Tiradentes - UNIT , Aracaju , Brazil.,b Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Nanomedicina (LNMed) Av. Murilo Dantas , Aracaju , Brazil
| | - Polyana Santos Rezende
- a Universidade Tiradentes - UNIT , Aracaju , Brazil.,b Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Nanomedicina (LNMed) Av. Murilo Dantas , Aracaju , Brazil
| | - Luciana Nalone Andrade
- a Universidade Tiradentes - UNIT , Aracaju , Brazil.,b Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Nanomedicina (LNMed) Av. Murilo Dantas , Aracaju , Brazil
| | - Raquel de Melo Barbosa
- c Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , Petrópolis , Brazil
| | - Antonello Santini
- d Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II" , Napoli , Italy
| | - Ana Cláudia Santos
- e Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC) Polo das Ciências da Saúde Azinhaga de Santa Comba , Coimbra , Portugal.,f Institute for Innovation and Health Research, Group Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology , Porto , Portugal
| | - Classius Ferreira da Silva
- g Biotechnology Laboratory of Natural Products (BIONAT), Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo , Diadema , Brazil
| | - Eliana Barbosa Souto
- e Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC) Polo das Ciências da Saúde Azinhaga de Santa Comba , Coimbra , Portugal.,h REQUIMTE/LAQV Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | | | | | - Patrícia Severino
- a Universidade Tiradentes - UNIT , Aracaju , Brazil.,b Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Nanomedicina (LNMed) Av. Murilo Dantas , Aracaju , Brazil
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Bangia R, Sharma G, Dogra S, Katare OP. Nanotechnological interventions in dermatophytosis: from oral to topical, a fresh perspective. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:377-396. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1593962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Riya Bangia
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Dogra
- Department of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Esposito E, Campolo M, Casili G, Lanza M, Filippone A, Peritore AF, Cuzzocrea S. Effect of pea protein plus grape seed dry extract on a murine model of Candida albicans induced vaginitis. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:1375-1382. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this research was to evaluate the antifungal properties of the association between grape seed and pea by using a nonpharmacological medical device that contains them. Materials & methods: A murine model of vulvovaginal candidiasis, induced by Candida albicans infection, was used. Results: We showed that topical treatment with the device significantly reduced the fungal burden in vagina and preserved vagina tissue architecture from C. albicans infection. Conclusion: We can support the potential beneficial effect of the association between grape and pea extract present in the medical device. Together these results supported this device as a favorable antifungal agent and a promising synergist with fluconazole in the clinical management of vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by C. albicans biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological & Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological & Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological & Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological & Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological & Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio F Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological & Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological & Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological & Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA
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Verma S, Utreja P. Vesicular nanocarrier based treatment of skin fungal infections: Potential and emerging trends in nanoscale pharmacotherapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 14:117-129. [PMID: 32104444 PMCID: PMC7042486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of skin fungal infections is increasing nowadays and their presence is more prominent in patients suffering from immunocompromised diseases like AIDS. Skin fungal infections are a major cause of visits by patients to dermatology clinics. Although, a large number of antifungal agents are available for treatment of skin fungal infections, but, their toxic profile and physicochemical characteristics reduce therapeutic outcome. When these antifungal agents are delivered topically using conventional formulations like creams and gels, they may cause various side effects like redness, burning, and swelling at the site of application. Therefore, various vesicular formulations (phospholipid based or non phospholipid based) have been explored by pharmaceutical scientists to treat skin fungal infections topically. Vesicular formulation explored for the purpose are liposomes, ethosomes, transfersomes, transethosomes, niosomes, spanlastics, oleic acid vesicles, and nanoparticles. These formulations show various advantages like bioavailability enhancement of bioactives, high skin permeation power, no side effects at application site, dosing frequency reduction, and sustained drug release. Therefore, in the present article, we have discussed about the utility of various vesicular nanocarrier systems to treat skin fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rayat-Bahra College of Pharmacy, Hoshiarpur, Punjab 146001, India.,I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144601, India
| | - Puneet Utreja
- I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144601, India.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, PCTE Group of Institutes, Ludhiana, Punjab 142021, India
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Novel Intravaginal Drug Delivery System Based on Molecularly PEGylated Lipid Matrices for Improved Antifungal Activity of Miconazole Nitrate. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3714329. [PMID: 29977910 PMCID: PMC6011106 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3714329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of microparticles based on biocompatible phytolipids [Softisan® 154 (SF) (hydrogenated palm oil) and super-refined sunseed oil (SO)] and polyethylene glycol- (PEG-) 4000 to improve intravaginal delivery of miconazole nitrate (MN) for effective treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Lipid matrices (LMs) consisting of rational blends of SF and SO with or without PEG-4000 were prepared by fusion and characterized and employed to formulate MN-loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) by melt-homogenization. The SLMs were characterized for physicochemical properties, anticandidal activity, and stability. Spherical discrete microparticles with good physicochemical properties and mean diameters suitable for vaginal drug delivery were obtained. Formulations based on SO:SF (1:9) and containing highest concentrations of PEG-4000 (4 %w/w) and MN (3.0 %w/w) were stable and gave highest encapsulation efficiency (83.05–87.75%) and inhibition zone diameter (25.87±0.94–26.33±0.94 mm) and significantly (p<0.05) faster and more powerful fungicidal activity regarding killing rate constant values (7.10 x 10−3–1.09 x 10−2 min−1) than commercial topical solution of MN (Fungusol®) (8.00 x 10−3 min−1) and pure MN sample (5.160 x 10−3 min−1). This study has shown that MN-loaded SLMs based on molecularly PEGylated lipid matrices could provide a better option to deal with VVC.
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Design, Optimization and Characterization of a Transfersomal Gel Using Miconazole Nitrate for the Treatment of Candida Skin Infections. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10010026. [PMID: 29473897 PMCID: PMC5874839 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Miconazole nitrate (MIC) is an antifungal drug used for treatment of superficial fungal infections. However, it has low skin permeability. Hence, the objective of this study was to prepare miconazole nitrate using Transfersomes to overcome the barrier function of the skin. MIC Transfersomes were prepared using a thin lipid film hydration technique. The prepared Transfersomes were evaluated with respect to entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size, and quantity of in vitro drug released to obtain an optimized formulation. The optimized formulation of MIC Transfersomes was incorporated into a Carbapol 934 gel base which was evaluated in comparison with a marketed product (Daktarin® cream 2%) for drug content, pH, spreadability, viscosity, in vitro permeation, and in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity. The prepared MIC Transfersomes had a high EE% ranging from (67.98 ± 0.66%) to (91.47 ± 1.85%), with small particle sizes ranging from (63.5 ± 0.604 nm) to (84.5 ± 0.684 nm). The in vitro release study suggested that there was an inverse relationship between EE% and in vitro release. The kinetic analysis of all release profiles was found to follow Higuchi's diffusion model. All independent variables had a significant effect on the dependent variables (p-values < 0.05). The prepared MIC transfersomal gel showed higher antifungal activity than Daktarin® cream 2%. Therefore, miconazole nitrate in the form of Transfersomes has the ability to penetrate the skin, overcoming the stratum corneum barrier.
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Kenechukwu FC, Attama AA, Ibezim EC, Nnamani PO, Umeyor CE, Uronnachi EM, Gugu TH, Momoh MA, Ofokansi KC, Akpa PA. Surface-modified mucoadhesive microgels as a controlled release system for miconazole nitrate to improve localized treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 111:358-375. [PMID: 28986195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of conventional vaginal formulations of miconazole nitrate (MN) in the treatment of deep-seated VVC (vulvovaginal candidiasis) is limited by poor penetration capacity and low solubility of MN, short residence time and irritation at the application site. Surface-modified mucoadhesive microgels were developed to minimize local irritation, enhance penetration capacity and solubility and prolong localized vaginal delivery of MN for effective treatment of deep-seated VVC. Solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) were prepared from matrices consisting of hydrogenated palm oil (Softisan® 154, SF) and super-refined sunseed oil (SO) with or without polyethylene glycol (PEG)-4000, characterized for physicochemical performance and used to prepare mucoadhesive microgels (MMs) encapsulating MN, employing Polycarbophil as bioadhesive polymer. The MMs were evaluated for physicochemical performance and in vitro drug release in simulated vaginal fluid (pH=4.2), whereas mucoadhesive, rheological and stability tests, anticandidal efficacy in immunosuppressed estrogen-dependent female rats and vaginal tolerance test in rabbits were performed with optimized formulation. The amorphicity of 1:9 phytolipid blend (SO:SF) was increased in the presence of PEG-4000. The physicochemical properties of the SLMs and MMs indicated their suitability for vaginal drug delivery. Overall, MN-loaded PEGylated MMs exhibited significantly (p<0.05) more prolonged drug release than non-PEGylated MMs. Additionally, optimized PEGylated MMs was stable at 40±2°C over a period of 6months, viscoelastic, mucoadhesive, non-sensitizing, histopathologically safe and gave remarkably (p<0.05) higher reduction in Candida albicans load (86.06%) than Daktarin® (75.0%) and MN-loaded polymeric-hydrogel (47.74%) in treated rats in 12days. Thus, PEGylated MMs is promising for effective and convenient treatment of VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin C Kenechukwu
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Anthony A Attama
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel C Ibezim
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Petra O Nnamani
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuebuka E Umeyor
- Nanomedicines and Drug Delivery Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel M Uronnachi
- Nanomedicines and Drug Delivery Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Thaddeus H Gugu
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Mumuni A Momoh
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Kenneth C Ofokansi
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Paul A Akpa
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Hussain A, Singh S, Sharma D, Webster TJ, Shafaat K, Faruk A. Elastic liposomes as novel carriers: recent advances in drug delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5087-5108. [PMID: 28761343 PMCID: PMC5522681 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s138267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastic liposomes (EL) are some of the most versatile deformable vesicular carriers that comprise physiologically biocompatible lipids and surfactants for the delivery of numerous challenging molecules and have marked advantages over other colloidal systems. They have been investigated for a wide range of applications in pharmaceutical technology through topical, transdermal, nasal, and oral routes for efficient and effective drug delivery. Increased drug encapsulation efficiency, enhanced drug permeation and penetration into or across the skin, and ultradeformability have led to widespread interest in ELs to modulate drug release, permeation, and drug action more efficiently than conventional drug-release vehicles. This review provides insights into the versatile role that ELs play in the delivery of numerous drugs and biomolecules by improving drug release, permeation, and penetration across the skin as well as stability. Furthermore, it provides future directions that should ensure the widespread use of ELs across all medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Sachchidananda Sinha College, Aurangabad, Bihar, India
| | - Sima Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | | | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kausar Shafaat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sachchidananda Sinha College, Aurangabad, Bihar, India
| | - Abdul Faruk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India
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Souza ACO, Amaral AC. Antifungal Therapy for Systemic Mycosis and the Nanobiotechnology Era: Improving Efficacy, Biodistribution and Toxicity. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:336. [PMID: 28326065 PMCID: PMC5340099 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases have been emerging as an important public health problem worldwide with the increase in host predisposition factors due to immunological dysregulations, immunosuppressive and/or anticancer therapy. Antifungal therapy for systemic mycosis is limited, most of times expensive and causes important toxic effects. Nanotechnology has become an interesting strategy to improve efficacy of traditional antifungal drugs, which allows lower toxicity, better biodistribution, and drug targeting, with promising results in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we provide a discussion about conventional antifungal and nanoantifungal therapies for systemic mycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. O. Souza
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Dimorphic Fungi, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre C. Amaral
- Laboratory of Nano and Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of GoiásGoiânia, Brazil
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36
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Current applications of nanoparticles in infectious diseases. J Control Release 2016; 224:86-102. [PMID: 26772877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For decades infections have been treated easily with drugs. However, in the 21st century, they may become lethal again owing to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Pathogens can become resistant by means of different mechanisms, such as increasing the time they spend in the intracellular environment, where drugs are unable to reach therapeutic levels. Moreover, drugs are also subject to certain problems that decrease their efficacy. This requires the use of high doses, and frequent administrations must be implemented, causing adverse side effects or toxicity. The use of nanoparticle systems can help to overcome such problems and increase drug efficacy. Accordingly, there is considerable current interest in their use as antimicrobial agents against different pathogens like bacteria, virus, fungi or parasites, multidrug-resistant strains and biofilms; as targeting vectors towards specific tissues; as vaccines and as theranostic systems. This review begins with an overview of the different types and characteristics of nanoparticles used to deliver drugs to the target, followed by a review of current research and clinical trials addressing the use of nanoparticles within the field of infectious diseases.
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Whitehead B, Wu L, Hvam ML, Aslan H, Dong M, Dyrskjøt L, Ostenfeld MS, Moghimi SM, Howard KA. Tumour exosomes display differential mechanical and complement activation properties dependent on malignant state: implications in endothelial leakiness. J Extracell Vesicles 2015; 4:29685. [PMID: 26714455 PMCID: PMC4695623 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v4.29685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes have been implicated in tumour progression and metastatic spread. Little is known of the effect of mechanical and innate immune interactions of malignant cell-derived exosomes on endothelial integrity, which may relate to increased extravasation of circulating tumour cells and, therefore, increased metastatic spread. Methods Exosomes isolated from non-malignant immortalized HCV-29 and isogenic malignant non-metastatic T24 and malignant metastatic FL3 bladder cells were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and quantitative nanomechanical mapping atomic force microscopy (QNM AFM) to determine size and nanomechanical properties. Effect of HCV-29, T24 and FL3 exosomes on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayer integrity was determined by transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements and transport was determined by flow cytometry. Complement activation studies in human serum of malignant and non-malignant cell-derived exosomes were performed. Results FL3, T24 and HCV-29 cells produced exosomes at similar concentration per cell (6.64, 6.61 and 6.46×104 exosomes per cell for FL3, T24 and HCV-29 cells, respectively) and of similar size (120.2 nm for FL3, 127.6 nm for T24 and 117.9 nm for HCV-29, respectively). T24 and FL3 cell-derived exosomes exhibited a markedly reduced stiffness, 95 MPa and 280 MPa, respectively, compared with 1,527 MPa with non-malignant HCV-29 cell-derived exosomes determined by QNM AFM. FL3 and T24 exosomes induced endothelial disruption as measured by a decrease in TEER in HUVEC monolayers, whereas no effect was observed for HCV-29 derived exosomes. FL3 and T24 exosomes traffic more readily (11.6 and 21.4% of applied exosomes, respectively) across HUVEC monolayers than HCV-29 derived exosomes (7.2% of applied exosomes). Malignant cell-derived exosomes activated complement through calcium-sensitive pathways in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions Malignant (metastatic and non-metastatic) cell line exosomes display a markedly reduced stiffness and adhesion but an increased complement activation compared to non-malignant cell line exosomes, which may explain the observed increased endothelial monolayer disruption and transendothelial transport of these vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Whitehead
- The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - LinPing Wu
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Lykke Hvam
- The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Husnu Aslan
- The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mingdong Dong
- The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Seyed Moein Moghimi
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Alan Howard
- The Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark;
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Salem HF, Ahmed SM, Hassaballah AE, Omar MM. Targeting brain cells with glutathione-modulated nanoliposomes: in vitro and in vivo study. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:3705-27. [PMID: 26229435 PMCID: PMC4516201 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s85302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The blood–brain barrier prevents many drug moieties from reaching the central nervous system. Therefore, glutathione-modulated nanoliposomes have been engineered to enhance the targeting of flucytosine to the brain. Methods Glutathione-modulated nanoliposomes were prepared by thin-film hydration technique and evaluated in the primary brain cells of rats. Lecithin, cholesterol, and span 65 were mixed at 1:1:1 molar ratio. The molar percentage of PEGylated glutathione varied from 0 mol% to 0.75 mol%. The cellular binding and the uptake of the targeted liposomes were both monitored by epifluorescent microscope and flow cytometry techniques. A biodistribution and a pharmacokinetic study of flucytosine and flucytosine-loaded glutathione–modulated liposomes was carried out to evaluate the in vivo brain-targeting efficiency. Results The size of glutathione-modulated nanoliposomes was <100 nm and the zeta potential was more than −65 mV. The cumulative release reached 70% for certain formulations. The cellular uptake increased as molar percent of glutathione increased to reach the maximum at 0.75 mol%. The uptake of the targeted liposomes by brain cells of the rats was three times greater than that of the nontargeted liposomes. An in vivo study showed that the relative efficiency was 2.632±0.089 and the concentration efficiency was 1.590±0.049, and also, the drug-targeting index was 3.670±0.824. Conclusion Overall, these results revealed that glutathione-PEGylated nanoliposomes enhance the effective delivery of flucytosine to brain and could become a promising new therapeutic option for the treatment of the brain infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba F Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Beni-suef University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Sayed M Ahmed
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Ashraf E Hassaballah
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Beni-suef University, Assuit, Egypt ; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Deraya University, Egypt
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