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Fonseca CCND, Cezar LC, Franco PC, Simões RS, Sasso GRDS, Simões MDJ, Florencio-Silva R. Effects of soy isoflavones extract on the lipid profile and uterus in ovariectomized rats. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:177-184. [PMID: 33043731 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1832068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Although soy isoflavones (ISO) have been shown to relief postmenopausal symptoms, it remains inconclusive whether ISO can improve lipid-profile without uterotrophic effects under estrogen-deficiency. Thus, we investigated the effects of ISO on lipid-profile and uterus of ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five adult rats were Ovx or Sham-operated (Sham) and assigned into five groups: Sham and Ovx groups, administered with vehicle solutions; Ovx-E, treated with 10 µg/kg of 17β-Estradiol; Ovx-ISO, treated with 200 mg/kg of ISO; Ovx-E + ISO, treated with estradiol + ISO combined. After fifty days of treatments, rats were euthanized and uterine horns were processed for histomorphometry or to collagen fibers and glycosaminoglycans evaluations. Blood samples were collected to evaluate levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC) and its fractions (HDL/VLDL). Data were subjected to statistical analysis (p < .05). RESULTS Uterus weight was lower in Ovx group than the Sham and Ovx-E groups, whereas it was similar between Ovx and Ovx-ISO groups. Histomorphometry showed atrophic uterus in Ovx and Ovx-ISO groups, whereas uterotrophic effects were noticed in Ovx-E and Ovx-E + ISO groups. Collagen fibers-birefringence was higher in Sham, Ovx, and Ovx-ISO groups than in Ovx-E and Ovx-E + ISO groups. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans content was similar among Sham, Ovx, and Ovx-ISO groups, while it was higher in estrogen-treated groups; total glycosaminoglycans content was similar among groups. TC and HDL was higher in Ovx-ISO group, whereas VLDL and triglycerides levels was higher in Ovx-E + ISO group and similar among other groups. CONCLUSION Soy isoflavones at 200 mg/kg have slight beneficial effects on lipid-profile without uterotrophic effects in Ovx rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Cesar Navarrete da Fonseca
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luana Carvalho Cezar
- Departamento de Patologia Experimental e Comparada, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Paulo Celso Franco
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Santos Simões
- Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Gisela Rodrigues da Silva Sasso
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brasil
- Departamento de Ginecologia - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Manuel de Jesus Simões
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brasil
- Departamento de Ginecologia - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rinaldo Florencio-Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brasil
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Zhang D, Zhang S, Jiang K, Li T, Yan C. Bioassay-guided isolation and evaluation of anti-osteoporotic polysaccharides from Morinda officinalis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113113. [PMID: 32668320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Morinda officinalis is a well-known Chinese tonic herb that has shown clinical efficacy in the treatment of bone disease. However, its anti-osteoporotic potential and the M. officinalis polysaccharides (MOPs) responsible for activity require further investigation. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the anti-osteoporotic effects of different MOP fractions in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and to identify the osteoprotective components by bioassay-guided isolation. MATERIALS AND METHODS MOPs were prepared by hot water and alkali extraction, separated into three fractions (MO50, MO70, and MOB) and evaluated in the classic OVX rat model and in MC3T3-E1 cells for anti-osteoporotic activity. RESULTS Administration of MOPs (400 mg/kg/day) provided significant protection against ovariectomy-induced bone loss and biomechanical dysfunction in rats. Treated animals exhibited reduced deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture and lower levels of bone turnover markers. Bioactivity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two inulin-type fructans from MO50, MOW50-1 and MOP50-2, with potential anti-osteoporotic activities. These consisted of (2 → 1)-linked β-D-fructosyl residues with degrees of polymerization (DP) of 7 and 13, respectively. Furthermore, MOW50-1 promoted osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by increasing alkaline phosphatase activity. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest very strongly that MOPs, especially MO50 and MOW50-1, may play important roles in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- Department of Osteoporosis, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, 518104, China
| | - Shaojie Zhang
- Center for Clinical Precision Medication, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Keming Jiang
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Tianyu Li
- Center for Clinical Precision Medication, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Chunyan Yan
- Center for Clinical Precision Medication, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Campos JF, Mierzwa AGH, Freitas-Jesus M, Lazaretti-Castro M, Nonaka KO, Reginato RD. Mechanical Vibration Associated With Intermittent PTH Improves Bone Microarchitecture in Ovariectomized Rats. J Clin Densitom 2020; 23:511-519. [PMID: 30327242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intermittent 1-34 parathyroid hormone (iPTH) administration, a bone-forming treatment, is widely used as a therapy for severe osteoporosis. It can only be used for a maximum of 24 mo and must be followed by an antiresorptive drug to retain the new formed tissue. Mechanical load, in the form of low-intensity and high-frequency vibration, has received considerable attention due to its ability to prevent bone loss. AIM To investigate the ability of whole body mechanical vibration (MV) to potentiate the anabolic effects of iPTH and to inhibit bone resorption following discontinuation of iPTH treatment in estrogen-deficient rats. METHODOLOGY Fifty-four 6-month-old female Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated. After 5 mo, they were divided into 7 groups: Sham - non-OVX; Control - OVX, vehicle for 60 d; MV - OVX, submitted to MV for 60 d; PTH60d - OVX, injected with iPTH for 60 d; PTH+MV - OVX, injected with iPTH combined with MV for 60 d; PTH30d - OVX, injected with iPTH for 30 d, and untreated for 30 d; PTH30d/MV30d - OVX, injected with iPTH for 30 d, followed by MV for 30 d. Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition (lean mass and fat) were evaluated at OVX (T0), the beginning (T1), and at the end (T2) of treatments by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Femurs were processed for histomorphometry (bone volume - BV/TV and cortical thickness - Ct.Th) and tibias for biomechanical test. RESULTS Body composition and BMD were similar among the groups at T0. In T2, MV presented higher fat than other groups (except PTH60d) and PTH30d/MV30d showed greater lean mass than Control. At T1, Sham presented the highest BMD, but between T1 vs T2 there was an increase in all iPTH-treated groups. At T2, BMD was higher in PTH60d and PTH+MV than in the Control and MV groups. The highest BV/TV was observed in the PTH+MV group, followed by PTH60d. Cortical thickness was increased in PTH60d and PTH+MV compared to Sham. Vibration applied post-iPTH (PTH30d/MV30d) improved the force at failure in tibias when compared to Sham and Control groups. CONCLUSION MV potentiated iPTH anabolic effects in cancellous bone; however, MV was unable to maintain bone mass after stopping iPTH in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Freitas Campos
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Gomes Hidalgo Mierzwa
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Freitas-Jesus
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Keico Okino Nonaka
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rejane Daniele Reginato
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Sun T, Yan Z, Cai J, Shao X, Wang D, Ding Y, Feng Y, Yang J, Luo E, Feng X, Jing D. Effects of mechanical vibration on cell morphology, proliferation, apoptosis, and cytokine expression/secretion in osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells exposed to high glucose. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:216-228. [PMID: 31448865 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic patients exhibit significant bone deterioration. Our recent findings demonstrate that mechanical vibration is capable of resisting diabetic bone loss, whereas the relevant mechanism remains unclear. We herein examined the effects of mechanical vibration on the activities and functions of osteocytes (the most abundant and well-recognized mechanosensitive cells in the bone) exposed to high glucose (HG). The osteocytic MLO-Y4 cells were incubated with 50 mM HG for 24 h, and then stimulated with 1 h/day mechanical vibration (0.5 g, 45 Hz) for 3 days. We found that mechanical vibration significantly increased the proliferation and viability of MLO-Y4 cells under the HG environment via the MTT, BrdU, and Cell Viability Analyzer assays. The apoptosis detection showed that HG-induced apoptosis in MLO-Y4 cells was inhibited by mechanical vibration. Moreover, increased cellular area, microfilament density, and anisotropy in HG-incubated MLO-Y4 cells were observed after mechanical vibration via the F-actin fluorescence staining. The real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting results demonstrated that mechanical vibration significantly upregulated the gene and protein expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and decreased the sclerostin, DKK1, and receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) expression in osteocytes exposed to HG. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assays showed that mechanical vibration promoted the secretion of prostaglandin E2 and OPG, and inhibited the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and RANKL in the supernatant of HG-treated MLO-Y4 cells. Together, this study demonstrates that mechanical vibration improves osteocytic architecture and viability, and regulates cytokine expression and secretion in the HG environment, and implies the potential great contribution of the modulation of osteocytic activities in resisting diabetic osteopenia/osteoporosis by mechanical vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zedong Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Diagnosis, College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xi Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanjun Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Diagnosis, College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jingyue Yang
- Department of Oncology of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erping Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Da Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Moura MLA, Fugimoto M, Kawachi APM, de Oliveira ML, Lazaretti‐Castro M, Reginato RD. Estrogen therapy associated with mechanical vibration improves bone microarchitecture and density in osteopenic female mice. J Anat 2018; 233:715-723. [PMID: 30302757 PMCID: PMC6231167 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of estrogen therapy (ET) associated with low-intensity and high-frequency mechanical vibration (MV) on bone tissue in osteopenic female mice. Fifty 3-month-old female Swiss mice were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated, and distributed after 4 months into the following groups, with 10 animals per group: Sham; Control, OVX + vehicle solution; MV, OVX + MV; ET, OVX + 17β-estradiol; and MV + ET, OVX + MV and 17β-estradiol. Both vehicle solution and 17β-estradiol (10 μg kg-1 day-1 ) were injected subcutaneously 7 days per week, and vibration (0.6 g, 60 Hz) was delivered 30 min per day, 5 days per week. Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were evaluated by densitometry at baseline and after 60 days of treatment when the animals were euthanized, and their femurs underwent histomorphometric and histochemical analyses. The Control group showed increased weight and fat percentage, while the ET and MV + ET groups showed increased lean mass but decreased fat percentage. At the end of the treatment period, the BMD decreased in Control, remained constant in Sham and MV, and increased in ET and MV + ET. The MV + ET group showed the greatest bone volume compared with Sham (129%), Control (350%), MV (304%) and ET (14%). No differences occurred in cortical thickness. The Control group showed the highest content of mature collagen fibers, while the MV + ET group showed the highest content of immature collagen fibers. In conclusion, ET plus MV was effective in improving bone quality in osteopenic female mice, and this improvement is associated with specific changes in trabecular but not cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Luis A. Moura
- Mineralized Tissue and Histology Research LaboratoryDepartment of Morphology and GeneticsSchool of MedicineFederal University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Mariana Fugimoto
- Mineralized Tissue and Histology Research LaboratoryDepartment of Morphology and GeneticsSchool of MedicineFederal University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Ana Paula M. Kawachi
- Mineralized Tissue and Histology Research LaboratoryDepartment of Morphology and GeneticsSchool of MedicineFederal University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Mônica L. de Oliveira
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineSchool of MedicineFederal University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Marise Lazaretti‐Castro
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineSchool of MedicineFederal University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Rejane D. Reginato
- Mineralized Tissue and Histology Research LaboratoryDepartment of Morphology and GeneticsSchool of MedicineFederal University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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Enhanced bone healing in porous Ti implanted rabbit combining bioactive modification and mechanical stimulation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 86:336-344. [PMID: 30007182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To improve the bone healing efficiency of porous titanium implants, desired biological properties of implants are mandatory, involving bioactivity, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity and a stable environment. In this study, bare porous titanium (abbr. pTi) with the porosity of 70% was fabricated by vacuum diffusion bonding of titanium meshes. Hydroxyapatite-coated pTi (abbr. Hap-pTi) was obtained by successively subjecting pTi to alkali heat treatment, pre-calcification and simulated body fluid. Both pTi and Hap-pTi were respectively implanted into the tibia defect model (ϕ10 mm × 6 mm) in New Zealand white rabbits, then subjected to non-invasively axial compressive loads at high-magnitude low-frequency (HMLF), which were denoted as F-pTi and F-Hap-pTi, respectively. Bone repairing efficiencies were analyzed by postoperative X-ray examination, optical observation and HE staining after 14 and 30 days of implantation. ALP and OCN contents in serum were also examined at 30 days. Results showed that the sham group and sham group with mechanical stimulation (abbr. F-sham) preferably caused bone fractures. Qualitatively, Hap-pTi reduced the risk of bone fractures and enhanced bone healing slightly more effectively compared to bared pTi. However, both Hap-pTi combined with mechanical stimulation and F-pTi in the case of bioactive modification could result in a higher bone healing efficiency (F-Hap-pTi). The molecular signaling investigation of ALP and OCN contents in serum further revealed a probable synergistic effect of Hap coating coupling with HMLF compression on improving bone repairing efficiency. It provides a candidate of clinically applicable therapy for osseous defects.
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Saeki Fernandes A, Fonseca CCN, Rodrigues da Silva Sasso G, Carvalho Cezar L, Aparecida Dos Santos M, Simões MJ, Simões RS, Florencio-Silva R. Combined effects of ovariectomy and streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the articular cartilage of rats. Climacteric 2017; 21:75-81. [PMID: 29231060 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2017.1410782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the combined effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes (Di) and ovariectomy in the articular cartilage of rats. METHODS Forty adult female Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated. After recovery from surgery, the animals were assigned randomly into four groups: OVX control (OVX-C); OVX treated with 10 µg/kg/day of 17β-estradiol (OVX-E); sham-operated subjected to Di (Sham-Di); and OVX subjected to Di (OVX-Di). After 60 days of treatment, the animals were euthanized and the distal femurs with articular cartilage were processed for paraffin-embedding. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histomorphometry, Picro-Sirius Red for collagen, or Alcian Blue for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. To detect apoptosis, sections were stained with an antibody to cleaved caspase-3 (casp-3). RESULTS Articular cartilage thickness and GAG content were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the OVX-Di group, which also showed a higher number of casp-3-positive chondrocytes than the other groups. Interestingly, the higher percentage (p < 0.05) of mature collagen fibers was seen in the OVX-Di group, may be as a result of a reduced extracellular matrix remodeling of the articular cartilage. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the combination of ovariectomy and streptozotocin-induced diabetes produces more deleterious effects in articular cartilage of rats than either condition alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saeki Fernandes
- a Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Escola Paulista de Medicina , Departamento de Morfologia e Genética , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - C C N Fonseca
- a Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Escola Paulista de Medicina , Departamento de Morfologia e Genética , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - G Rodrigues da Silva Sasso
- a Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Escola Paulista de Medicina , Departamento de Morfologia e Genética , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - L Carvalho Cezar
- b Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Patologia Experimental e Comparada , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - M Aparecida Dos Santos
- a Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Escola Paulista de Medicina , Departamento de Morfologia e Genética , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - M J Simões
- a Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Escola Paulista de Medicina , Departamento de Morfologia e Genética , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - R S Simões
- c Departamento de Ginecologia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - R Florencio-Silva
- a Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Escola Paulista de Medicina , Departamento de Morfologia e Genética , São Paulo , Brasil
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